INFRASTRUCTURE & NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IMPLICATION FOR NATIONAL SECURTY PRESENTATION AT THE 8TH EXECUTIVE INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT COURSE (EIMC) ORGANIZED BY INSTITUTE FOR SECUIRTY STUDIES (ISS), ABUJA
Aminu Diko
DIRECTOR GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION REGULATORY COMMISSION Abuja, 13TH August 2015
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Outline
• • • • • • •
Introduction Infrastructure & National Development State of Security Infrastructure PPP in National Defence How ICRC can assist Critical Success Factors Conclusion 2
Introduction … National Development
• Economic development on the other hand, refers to a general improvement in the quality of life. Such improvements involve: o increase in the gross domestic product, or social, such as literacy rates and availability of healthcare o reducing poverty, affordable and available housing and community development. • Factors would include provision of economic infrastructure like power and roads or social infrastructure like, schools, etc • Governments must strategically plan for these services (NIIMP)
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Introduction … National Security
National security refers to situation when one or more of a country’s vital interests are threaten which could include: • Territorial security – this would be jeopardized by a military occupation or incursion. E.g. Boko Haram • Economic security – a major internet or power breakdown would disrupt online financial transactions. • Physical security – deaths, injuries and chronic illness caused by flooding or a pandemic. e.g. Ebola • Social and political security – violations of the rule of law caused by tensions between communities, for instance. e.g. IDPs/Prisoner relocation 4
Introduction Infrastructure
• Infrastructure refers to those physical structures that facilitate the production of goods and services, without themselves being part of the production process. • Include highways, airports, harbors, hospitals, laboratories, utility production and distributive systems, water and sewer systems, communication networks and energy networks. • For instance, an access road to an agricultural community facilitates speedy evacuation of agricultural products, but does not form part of the agricultural process itself.
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Infrastructure & National Development Infrastructure
• Infrastructure forms the foundation of all development in a country. • Infrastructure raises the quality of life by creating amenities, providing consumption goods and contributing to macroeconomic stability. • The building of the major highway system, for instance: o will create wage, salary and fee incomes for labour and services, o interest fees for financiers, profit for equity investors and at the same time increase aggregate demand 6
Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure
• Nigeria is a major oil producer and exporter • The stock of basic infrastructure remains obsolete, dilapidated and poorly maintained; • They are inadequate, unreliable; • Most urban infrastructure, all suffer from years of serious neglect and under-funding; • There is limited private sector participation
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure - Roads
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure - Roads
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure - Power
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure - Rail
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure - Rail
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure
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Infrastructure & National Development State of Infrastructure - Schools
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Infrastructure & National Development Implications for Security
Nigeria security threats is largely unconventional • ‘Blow back effects’ from Mali, Libya, etc. operations • Insurgency characterized by terrorism, kidnapping, assassinations, and armed robbery. • Organized crime such as smuggling, oil theft vandalism • Ethno-religious clashes • Economic, political and financial crimes such as corruption, embezzlement & money laundering. • Human security threats such as desert encroachment, pervasive poverty & food insecurity. 15
State of Security Infrastructure in Nigeria Assessment of State of Security Infrastructure
Civil Security • • • •
Police Nigerian Prison Service Federal Fire Service Federal Road Safety Commission
• Nigerian Immigration Service\
Military Defence • Nigerian Army • Nigerian Navy • Nigerian Air Force
Others 16
Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Military Defence – Nigerian Army
Challenges • Rise of unconventional warfare • The main challenge the Armed Forces is inadequate funding to for enhanced operations, training, equipment and intelligence • challenge of command, control, and communication, currently being addressed through the Nigerian Army Low Altitude Platform Stations (NALAPS), in collaboration with Lighter than Air Systems;
Aspirations • Realign and reequip the army for the challenges of unconventional warfare in the 21st Century.
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Military Defence – Nigerian Air Force
Challenges • Dilapidating runways and taxiways and unserviceable aircraft • Poor operational support facilities (hangar facilities and workshops, staff/crew utility vehicles, etc • Sting units, and 4 operational commands. Infrastructure Objectives: ability to • Ensure the territorial integrity of a united Nigeria by air • Provide support for other security agencies towards the provision of safe and secure environment for economic growth and national development • Achieve a full complement of the military defence system. • Provide close support for the ground-based and seaborne forces in all phases of operations Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Military Defence – Nigerian Navy
Challenges • Inadequate maritime and air domain intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance, target identification and maritime picture compilation • Lack of coastal observation posts and maritime patrol aircraft Aspiration • Develop adequate infrastructural support for sustaining Nigerian Navy’s operational, administrative and welfare responsibilities for the next 2 decades
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Civil Security - Nigeria Police Force
Challenges • Weak investigation infrastructure • Lack of forensic laboratories/fingerprint database and ICT • Old and dilapidating police stations, buildings, accommodation and offices • Poor and unserviceable vehicles and weaponry • Inadequate training infrastructure Aspirations • Implement comprehensive, efficient and effective crime prevention and control strategies to address crime and safety within the country • Deliver quality service through a disciplined, well trained, motivated and capable workforce • Build a viable technology base to support goals and deliverables. Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Civil Security – Nigerian Prison Service
Challenges • Weak and inadequate prison structures with insufficient facilities for identification, treatment and re-integration of convicts • Old and dilapidated transportation fleet that are inadequate to meet Courts needs of awaiting trial prisoners • Inadequate budgetary allocation to develop requisite infrastructure and rehabilitate convicted persons Aspirations • Provide safe custody of all persons that are legally interned by courts of appropriate jurisdiction • Reform, rehabilitate and re-integrate inmates upon discharge
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Civil Security – Federal Fire Service
Challenges • Inadequate fire-fighting facilities, equipment and infrastructure • Absence of sustained training and human resource development programme with underfunded and poorly equipped training facilities. • Inadequate funds to run operations, maintain facilities and equipment Aspirations: ability to • Reduce incidents of fire by enlightening the public • Provide rescue, fire prevention, and firefighting services to the public • Develop capacity of fire safety officials through rigorous training
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Civil Security - FRSC
Challenges • Lack of electronic monitory system of national highways • Inadequate and unreliable identify check technology • Lack of ICT security equipment Aspirations • Transforming the agency in line with international best practices • Placing Nigerian roads within the league of 20 safest roads in the world • Migrating to ICT driven operations (e-enforcement)
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Other Security Infrastructure – Vital Registration
Challenges • At the moment, vital registration is low: Birth registration 38%, Death registration 10% and Marriage/divorce: 0% • No budget for ICT at the National Population Commission • Registration is manual with 2,951 centres instead of 180,000 centres • E-passport database in the custody of 3rd party Aspirations • Functional registration centres with Direct Data Capturing equipment in nearly 200,000 localities across the country • Establish a centralized database containing biometric and demographic features of all residents (internal migration) • Computerize cross-border surveillance of all Nigerian borders (international migration) Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Other Security Infrastructure - NSCDC
Challenges • Shortage of manpower • Inadequate facilities • Inadequate funding • Lack of synergies and collaboration amongst securities agencies Aspirations • Use modern technology to develop structures and training strategies so as to ensure security in the nation • Improve service delivery and bring credibility to the concept of security in Nigeria Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Other Security Infrastructure - DICON
Challenges • Funding constraints • No production plants or simulation centres Aspirations – ability to: • Produce small-medium and high caliber arms and ammunition to meet the nation’s needs. • Intensify defense needs of the nation.
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Other Security Infrastructure - NIGCOMSAT
Brief: • Provide the military and other security agencies with a communication service and bandwidth requirements for all platforms • Deploying Beyong Line of Site (BLOS) connectivity for Unmanned Areal Vehicles in Nigeria Challenges • Financial constraints to continually upgrade its facilities to conform with technological changes Aspirations Ability to deploy communication satellite resources for maritime, defense, aviation and other security needs of the nation.
Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria …Other Security Infrastructure - NIS
Brief • NIS key objective is to establish a technology platform to address the operational challenges of modern migration relevant to world security order and in consonance with global migration trend Challenges • Financial constraints to develop modern border posts and install state-ofthe-art CCTV camera to monitor movement of migrants across borders Aspirations: ability to • Address the operational challenges of modern migration through a • technology driven infrastructure • ▪ Make the immigration service relevant to the world security order and • responsive to global migration trends Source: National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan 2015
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Infrastructure & Security in Nigeria Summary of Security Infrastructure Aspirations
Estimates of the infrastructure needs in the sector suggest total spending of USD 50 billion over the next 3 decades: • For police, the main infrastructure spend will be the construction of 3,000 new police stations and rehabilitation of existing police stations; • For fire services, the main investments will be the construction of 2,000 new fire stations and 30 fire service training schools; • For prisons, the biggest investment will be the building of 100 new prisons and 170 new barracks; • For road security, the main investments will be building 600 new testing stations, 400 new roadside clinics and 500 new unit commands; • For vital registration, the main investments will be in building 7,000 additional vital registration centres. • Investments for the armed forces and state security apparatus 29
Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Coastal Surveillance Physical Infrastructure Depot level maintenance; Training; Equipment and systems Transport Logistics; Naval Communication Her Majesty’s Naval Base, Portsmouth BAE Systems Dockyard - PPP
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence Coastal Surveillance
NIMASA adopted Public Private Partnership (PPP) model to enhance maritime safety capabilities, with the provision of fast intervention boats and aircraft: • PPP is between NIMASA and • implementation and operation of a suite of offshore surveillance platforms • Supply Operate and Own (SOO) basis • Currently 28 Patrol vessels deployed. • Enhanced Flag and Port State Administration. • Enhanced Search and Rescue operations. • Enhanced Coastal patrol thus reducing incidences of Piracy and armed robbery at Sea. 31
Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Boko Haram - Drones Patrolling Nigeria's Borders Source: http://www.mjemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/drones.jpg
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Drones in Nigeria Source: http://www.mjemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/drones.jpg
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Real-time communications combines with modern weaponry for effectiveness Source: Internet
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
The City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a population of 6 million, has an Operations Command Centre, https://youtu.be/vuBBGYFonXM, which is a state-of-the-art surveillance office that monitors activities in Rio. Source: https://tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
One of the Nigerian Air Force ATR 42 Maritime Patrol Aircraft available for use by the Agency under the signed MoU Source: FMOT
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Crew of the Nigerian Air Force ATR 42 Maritime Patrol Aircraft available for use by the Agency under the signed MoU Source: FMOT
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Public Private Partnership in Naval Defence
Coastal patrol vessels on surveillance Source: FMOT
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Public Private Partnership in Naval Defence NIMASA has successfully deployed a 24-hour Satellite Surveillance System with capability to detect boats, ships and objects floating on water within our maritime domain and the entire Gulf of Guinea and to support Search and Rescue efforts in the Nine countries within the region. It can among others, identify vessels, even where the vessel’s Automatic Identification System (AIS) is switched off . 39
Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Satellite Surveillance System 40
Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Australia’s Coastwatch: A PPP Model for Coast Guards and CBP - Australia has semi-privatized the coastal patrol function, placing contractors under the Customs service. Once intruders are detected, these contractors can then call on prearranged support Air or Naval support - since 1995.
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Project: Building of the UK Joint Services Command and Staff College
• • • •
PFI contract between UK MOD and Laing Ltd Commissioned in August 2000. PFI contract between UK MOD Serco To provide building maintenance, academic and administrative support, catering, estates, library, security, cleaning and laundry under the terms of the 30 year concession agreement. PFI: Private Finance initiative
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Project: Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB) Portsmouth
• Home port to 60% of the Royal Navy's surface ships. • The port is controlled and operated by the Royal Navy in cooperation with BAE Systems Surface Ships (previously known as BVT Surface Fleet). • The base is also known as HMS Nelson. 43
Public Private Partnership in National Defence
Public-Private Partnership for NH90 Simulator-Based Flight Training
• Bundeswehr signed PPP contract with Helicopter Flight Training Services (HFTS) on simulator-based NH90 flight training in December 2004. • train crew on flight operations and complex combat scenarios • Maintain and operate the simulators and support the infrastructure of the training • The contract will extend through 2022 and totals some €488M
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Public Private Partnership in National Defence
The RAF is using the PFI approach for the procurement of its future Strategic Tanker Aircraft for refueling
• Under the agreement the RAF will pay for aerial refuelling and air transport missions as required. • The RAF will retain responsibility for all military missions • Contractor will own, manage and maintain the aircraft and also provide training facilities and some personnel. • Contractor can earn extra revenue by using aircraft for commercial operations when not required by the RAF • The RAF have the "first call" on entire fleet in times of crisis
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How the ICRC could assist
The NIIMP estimates that about 48% of the Infrastructure spend over the next 30 years will be financed by the private sector through PPP
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How the ICRC could assist … What are PPPs
How the ICRC could assist … Functions of the ICRC
The Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) was established to: • Regulate Public Private Partnership (PPP) procurement by: a. b.
Guiding MDAs in structuring PPP transactions for both green field and brown field infrastructure – Pre Contract regulation Taking custody of all executed agreements and ensuring compliance with the terms and conditions of such contracts -Post Contract Regulation
• Issuing regulations and guidelines to ensure an attractive enabling environment • Collaborate with state governments to develop a sustainable national framework 48
How the ICRC could assist The ICRC does not: • Initiate PPP procurement of projects • Develop Infrastructure Projects • Determine PPP Project output specifications • Approve PPP projects; or • Enforce court judgments over PPP transactions
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Infrastructure Financing Framework
Human Capital Development
Coherent Planning Framework
Institutional Framework & Capacity
Legal and Regulatory Framework
Policy; Objectives; Roadmap
How the ICRC could assist
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How the ICRC could assist … Asset Procurement Options
How the ICRC could assist … ICRC Approved PPP Procedure - I
1. Project identification by Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDA) 2. MDA’s engage prior to commencing PPP to ensure viability and bankability of proposed projects. 3. MDA’s consult and engage with the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMoF) to structure financing prior to commencing PPP projects 4. MDA engage Transaction Adviser (TA) as required under the Public Procurement Act of 2007 for Outline Business Case (OBC) preparation.
Project prepared
Project identified
OBC
5. ICRC reviews OBC and issues OBC Certificate of Compliance 6. MDA submits OBC to Federal Executive Council (FEC) for approval.
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How the ICRC could assist … ICRC Approved PPP Procedure -II
7. Upon FEC approval, MDA’s TA commence competitive bidding for PPP partner/investor. 8. Upon conclusion of bidding and identification of preferred bidder, MDA negotiates with preferred bidder and submit Full Business Case (FBC) to ICRC for FBC Certificate of Compliance. 9. MDA submits FBC to FEC for approval. 10. Upon approval, PPP contract is signed and ICRC takes custody 11. Preferred PPP Project Proponent (Investor) achieves Financial Close. 12. ICRC and the MDA conduct regular joint Inspections of the Project until the end of the contract.
Project Implemented
Investor Procured FBC
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How the ICRC could assist Critical Success Factors
• For Nigeria Police, the main infrastructure spend will be the construction of 3,000 new police stations. • For Fire Service, the main investment will be the construction of 2,000 new fire stations and 30 fire service training schools. • Enactment of new Prison Act to enable building of 100 new prisons and 170 new barracks through private sector participation. • For FRSC, the main investment will be building 600 new testing stations, 400 new roadside clinics and 500 new unit commands. 54
How the ICRC could assist Critical Success Factors
• Establishment core security and support infrastructure. • Inclusion of security training in curricula for primary and secondary schools • A professional regulatory agency for private security companies • Availability of low-interest loan facilities to private security companies • CCTV and other surveillance systems installed in all roads and connected to control rooms of security agencies. (Rio) • Availability of database and biometric for banks to support forensic laboratories. 55
Conclusion • Infrastructural adequacy is key to any country’s economic development. • However, without adequate security, there will be no infrastructure. Hence no development (e.g. NE) • Adequate security infrastructure determines the ability to provide security • Security agencies must recognize that adequate funding for security infrastructure cannot come from budgetary allocation alone. Hence the need to embrace PPP
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Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission Plot 1270 Ayangba Street, Close to FCDA Headquarters, Area 11, Garki, Abuja – Federal Capital Territory. Phone: +234 94604900 E-mail:
[email protected] Website: www.icrc.gov.ng
