“ISMS” FORCES AT WORK IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY 1. NATIONALISM: A FEELING WHICH LEADS PEOPLE TO DESIRE _______________, AND COMPLETE __________ OVER THEIR OWN AFFAIRS -IT OFTEN LEADS TO INTENSE FEELINGS OF ______________________________ -SOMEWHAT LIKE A HUGE STORM IN THAT IT CAN BE __________ ____________ -NATIONALISM WAS ONE OF THE MOST _____________ FORCES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2. INDUSTRIALISM: THE CHANGE FROM MAN/ANIMAL POWER TO _______ _________ -IT IS NEW IN THE SCHEME OF THINGS -IT HAS BEEN A MAJOR MOTIVATING FORCE FOR ____________ AND NATIONALISM -IT HAS SUSTAINED BOTH ____________ AND _____________ NATIONS -IT HAS PROVIDED ____________ FOR MILITARISM

3. IMPERIALISM: A DELIBERATE POLICY OF GETTING ___________________ -A COUNTRY CAN’T HAVE IMPERIALISM UNLESS YOU HAVE __________, AND INDUSTRIALISM IMPERIALISM IS A PRODUCT OF NATIONALISM AND ______________ -COUNTRIES NEED RESOURCES (IE: GERMANY NEEDED OIL) -IMPERIALISM IS NOT A NEW IDEA

4. SOCIALISM: A WAY OF ORGANIZING THE ECONOMY SO THAT IT IS _______________________ -INSPIRED BY _______________ -A DIRECT ___________ OF INDUSTRIALISM -BELIEVE THAT THE ______________, NOT __________________ SHOULD CONTROL BUSINESS -FUNCTIONS IN _____________ AND NON-____________ SOCIETIES

5. DEMOCRACY: POLITICAL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE STATE EXISTS FOR THE ____________________________ -THE ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT IS ___________________ -__________________ IS ABOVE THE STATE -INDIVIDUALS FUNCTION ON A ____________________ -HAS BEEN CHALLENGED BY ________________________ IN THIS CENTURY

6. COMMUNISM: THE SYSTEM IN WHICH ALL INDUSTRIES ARE RUN AND OWNED BY THE STATE _________________________ -_________________ IS ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT -INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS ON A ____________________ -INDIVIDUAL EXISTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE STATE -_________ IS ABOVE THE LAW *** WILL ONLY OCCUR WITH A _____________________

7. INTERNATIONALISM: ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIZATIONS THAT PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL ________________ -ULTIMATE LOYALTY TO ________________, NOT TO A NATION OR INDIVIDUAL -IE: HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCES, LEAGUE OF NATIONS, U.N., RED CROSS -_____________________ WAS AN INTERNATIONALIST - NATIONS SELF-INTERESTS HAVE OFTEN _______________ INTERNATIONALISM

8. MILITARISM: USING _____________________TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL AIMS -SPECIAL STATUS GIVEN TO THOSE IN THE MILITARY -EXTREME GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON MILITARY -A RESULT OF NATIONALISM AND INDUSTRIALISM -HAS BEEN USED BY ______________ AND TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS

9. FASCISM: A MEMBER OF ______________ FASCIST PARTY, BELIEVING IN VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT AND EXTREME ________________ -INDIVIDUAL EXISTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE STATE -STATE IS ABOVE THE LAW - WANTS STATUS QUO **INDIVIDUALS OWN AND OPERATE ECONOMY ***FASCIST STATES EXIST ____________________

“ISMS” FORCES AT WORK IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY 1. NATIONALISM: A FEELING WHICH LEADS PEOPLE TO DESIRE UNITY AND FREEDOM, AND COMPLETE CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN AFFAIRS -IT OFTEN LEADS TO INTENSE FEELINGS OF PRIDE IN ONE’S OWN COUNTRY -SOMEWHAT LIKE A HUGE STORM IN THAT IT CAN BE PEACEFUL OR VIOLENT -NATIONALISM WAS ONE OF THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE FORCES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2. INDUSTRIALISM: THE CHANGE FROM MAN/ANIMAL POWER TO MACHINE POWER -IT IS NEW IN THE SCHEME OF THINGS -IT HAS BEEN A MAJOR MOTIVATING FORCE FOR IMPERIALISM AND NATIONALISM -IT HAS SUSTAINED BOTH TOTALITARIAN AND DEMOCRATIC NATIONS -IT HAS PROVIDED A MEANS FOR MILITARISM

3. IMPERIALISM: A DELIBERATE POLICY OF GETTING SPACE OR CONTROL -A COUNTRY CAN’T HAVE IMPERIALISM UNLESS YOU HAVE NATIONALISM, AND INDUSTRIALISM IMPERIALISM IS A PRODUCT OF NATIONALISM AND INDUSTRIALISM -COUNTRIES NEED RESOURCES (IE: GERMANY NEEDED OIL) -IMPERIALISM IS NOT A NEW IDEA

4. SOCIALISM: A WAY OF ORGANIZING THE ECONOMY SO THAT IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE STATE -INSPIRED BY KARL MARX -A DIRECT RESULT OF INDUSTRIALISM -BELIEVE THAT THE COMMUNITY, NOT WEALTHY INDIVIDUALS SHOULD CONTROL BUSINESS -FUNCTIONS IN DEMOCRATIC AND NON-DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES

5. DEMOCRACY: POLITICAL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE STATE EXISTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE INDIVIDUAL -THE ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT IS INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM -LAW OF THE LAND IS ABOVE THE STATE -INDIVIDUALS FUNCTION ON A VOLUNTARY BASIS -HAS BEEN CHALLENGED BY FASCISM AND COMMUNISM IN THIS CENTURY

6. COMMUNISM: THE SYSTEM IN WHICH ALL INDUSTRIES ARE RUN AND OWNED BY THE STATE ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE -WORKING CLASS IS ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT -INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS ON A COMPULSORY BASIS -INDIVIDUAL EXISTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE STATE -STATE IS ABOVE THE LAW *** WILL ONLY OCCUR WITH A VIOLENT REVOLUTION

7. INTERNATIONALISM: ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIZATIONS THAT PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION -ULTIMATE LOYALTY TO HUMAN RACE, NOT TO A NATION OR INDIVIDUAL -IE: HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCES, LEAGUE OF NATIONS, U.N., RED CROSS -WOODROW WILSON WAS AN INTERNATIONALIST - NATIONS SELF-INTERESTS HAVE OFTEN UNDERMINED INTERNATIONALISM

8. MILITARISM: USING WAR OR THE THREAT OF WAR TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL AIMS -SPECIAL STATUS GIVEN TO THOSE IN THE MILITARY -EXTREME GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON MILITARY -A RESULT OF NATIONALISM AND INDUSTRIALISM -HAS BEEN USED BY DEMOCRATIC AND TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS

9. FASCISM: A MEMBER OF MUSSOLINI’S FASCIST PARTY, BELIEVING IN VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT AND EXTREME PATRIOTISM -INDIVIDUAL EXISTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE STATE -STATE IS ABOVE THE LAW - WANTS STATUS QUO **INDIVIDUALS OWN AND OPERATE ECONOMY

***FASCIST STATES EXIST ____________________