"LIVING THE FULL WORD OF WISDOM" by Jack H. West I will sincerely try to LIVE THE 8POSlTIVE ELEMENTSofTHEWORD o'WISDOM, and AVOIDTHE3 NEGATIVE ELEMENTS, that I may RECEIVE THE 5 GREAT PROMISES the LORD.
AIM:
0'
WORD of WISDOM
S Positives ~Negatives
Arithmetic
Doctrine
& Covenants.
Sec. 89
"5 Great Promises MEMORIZE:
"Know ye not that yeare the Temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the Temple of God, him shall God destroy. for the Temple of God is Holy. which Temple ye are." 1 Cor. 3:16-17 "No unclean thmg can dwell in His (God's) presence." "Remember your children. them" Jac. 3:10
Moses 6:57
how ye have grieved their hearts because of the example ye have set before
Also Memorize the 8 POSITIVE ELEMENTS, the 3 NEGATIVE PROMISES of the WORD OF WISDOM. D&C Sec. 89 I.
ELEMENTS
and the 5 GREAT
BACKGROUND: Smoke-filled room ... soiled floor (tobacco juice) ... upstairs room of Joseph Smith home ... first School of the Prophets, Kirkland, Ohio. 1833. JOSEPH prayed about it. As usual. he not only got an answer, but an anSwer-PLUS! RESULT: Revelation of the Lord ... "Not by Commandment or constraint, but a WORD of WISDOM ... Given for A PRINCIPLE WITH PROMISE, ADAPTED TO TH E WEAK AND WEAKEST OF ALL SAINTS WHO ARE, or CAN BE CALlE9 SAINTS." (D&C 89:2-3) (We can't even be called Saints it we don't keep this law.) A.
B.
APPLICATION IN CURRENT SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: More relevent ... more Important and easier for us to live it today than ever before ... YOUR VERY LIFE ma y depend on it! .. , as Jack West's did. SCIENCE HAS MORE COMPLETELY CORROBORATED, VERIFIED, VINDICATED . WORD WISDOM REVELATION, than any other Revelation ever01 given.
0'
and PROVEN THE
But WE HAVE CONCENTRATED ON THE 3 NEGATIVES UNTIL MANY HAVE COMPLETELY BY-PASSED THE 8 POSITIVES and the people of SOME NATIONS, LIKE SWEDEN, THINK ALL THERE IS TO THE MORMON RELIGION IS ... NO LIQUOR, NO TOBACCO, NO TEA and COFFEE. Probably not one member of the Church. including WISDOM, including the 8 POSITIVE ELEMENTS. Hippocrates,
the father of medicine,
the Prophets of the Lord, keeps the FULL WORD OF
said. "Let food be thy medicine
and let thy medicine
be food."
Thomas A. Edison predicted: "The doctor of the future will give no medicines, but will try to interest his patients in the care of the human frame and proper nutrition. so as to prevent disease."
II.
THE 8 POSITIVE ELEMENTS: :Qc,
~e"
Memory
Key:
H HiS
1.
"ALL WHOLESOME A. B. C.
2.
Foreign
Majesty
General
Von
80n
Allen
HERBS" (Verse 10)
By Inference, NO UNWHOLESOME Herbs (Druqsl) The Chinese people are way ahead us in the knowledge and use of wholesome herbs. Some lndian Tribes are completely tree of Cancer ... Use a wholesome herb ... Chaparral Tea. Some South American Indians cure Arthritis with a wholesome herb ... Bloodroot.
0'
FRESH "FRUIT, .. in Season" (Verse ~1) "An apple a day keeps the Doctor away." Many diseases, including Cancer are unknown among the Hunzakuts of the high Himalayas, whoeat lots of fresh apricots and other fruits, together with the "Seeds". We should eat and not throwaway. all fruit and berry seeds .... See "Laetrile, Control for Cancer," by Glenn L. Kittler: "Enzyme Treatment of Cancer" by Dr. John Beard, Head of Embryology Dept.. 1911. Univ. of Edenburg: "Cancer Winner" by .Jaquie Davison;
I..
_
o·
"A Cancer Therapy" by Max Gerson, M.D.; "Has Or. Max Gerson a True Cure tor Cancer?" by Haught; "Vitamin 8-17, Nltrllosldes" (Pamphlet) by Dr. Ernst T. Krebs, M.D.: "One Answer to Cancer" and "New Hope for Cancer Victims" by Dr. Wm. Donald Kelley, Surgeon; "Wheatgrass ... God's Manna" or"Be Your Own Doctor" by Ann Wigmore, M.D., Ph.D. Available at Cancer Bookhouse, 2043 N. Berendo, LA 90027. Also at Aurora Book Companions, P.O. Box 5852, Denver, CO 80217. "Most civilized men are walki ng and Iivinq cesspools because of chronic constipation. Clean ou t the human system and the body will cure Itself ot any disease. Fresh Fruit is the relentless housecleaner, and Raw Vegetables, the broom." See: Prof. Arnold Ehret: "Mucousless "Cure for Chronic Constipation."
Diet Healing System," "Roads to Happiness and Health," and
La Gloria Clinic is having amazing success using Dr. Max Gerson's therapy for cleaning out the human system. and found that the body will literally cure itself of all diseases on the way to curing the great killer ~ Canc~r. Contact: Charlotte Gerson Straus (714) 424-3569. 3.
4.
"MEAT ... sparingly ... only In Winter, cold and famine." (Verse 12-13) A.
U.S. has HIGHEST MORTALITY RATE IN WORLD, because V2 million die each year in U.S. from HEART DISEASE .... highest ratio of any nation ... REASON? TOO MUCH MEAT ... not only 'atty meat, but the main culprit is LEAN MEAT! ... Rockerfeller Foundation ... World Health Organization, Dr. Ray Cowley, Pg. 60, Aug. '69 ERA.
B.
Fatty meat diet of Eskimos fed to South Sea Islanders in hot jungles. killed them and South Sea Islander's diet fed to Eskimos in cold wintertime, with no fatty meat and Eskimos died.
C.
Jack West's Grandfather and Great Grandfather famished and choking with thirst were saved bylulcy meat drippings given them by a Cucamonga, California Lamanile woman.
"ALL GRAIN" ... for man and beast ... staff of life ... NEVERTHELESS, WHEAT FOR MAN, Corn for Ox, Oats for Horse, Rye for fowl, Barley for useful animals." (Verse 14. 17) A.
Have we ever found anything better than renowned nutritional expert of Harvard, Bundeson of the famous Chicago Health Wheat of the Mormon ChurCh", wrote a
..
B.
WHEAT for MAN? .. NO! ... The late Dr. Aoseneau. worldsaid: "Wheat is the most nearly perfect food for man." Dr. Dept. concurred and Dr. Crowley, M.D., of L.A., called "Dr . book. "Wheat for Man" explaining in detail why.
SPROUTED WHEAT ... increases from 10 to 30 times the Vitamin and nutritional elements of unsprouted wheat. Get Dr. Ann Wigmore's Book "Wheatgrass, God's Manna" or "Be Your Own Doctor". She says Wheatgrass is the King of Grasses and contains everyone of the 103 chemicals. minerals, vitamins, nutritional and trace elements the human system needs to keep Itself healthy and free of 61 different conditions, illnesses and diseases, some of them so-called "incurable diseases", with which the body is plagued. She says the Chlorophyl Blood of WHEATGRASS will not cure anything, but will give the body the elements it's lacking and the BODY WILL THEN CURE ITSELF, with the help the Almighty. (A Johns-Hopkins Professor told his medical students: "Just remember nature will cure90% of your patients in spite of anything you can do.") Dr. Wigmore's list includes the Common COld. Cancer and Diabetes.
0'
C.
Or, DENNIS P. BURKITT, M.D., one of the greatest Surgeons of England says: "FOR GOOD HEALTH DON'T GO AGAINST THE GRAIN." (See article, L.A. Sunday Times, Aug. 27, 1972, Sec. II, Pg.1) On his recent return from 20 years of intensive research in 3 rural areas of the world, he lectured before 200 of the most sophisticated Physicians and Surgeons who sat in stunned silence. listening intently. Dr. Burkitt, honored world-wide for his scientific approach to Medical Research, reported his findi ngs in 20 years of intensive research and calmly dropped such medical block-busters as. "WHERE WHOLE GRAIN, or COURSE GRAIN,INCLUDING the BRAN,ls USED IN THE DAILY DIET, there will be: NO APPENDICITUS NO OBESITY NO COLONIC POLYPS (HEMORRHOIDS)
NO DIVERTICULOSIS 01 the COLON NO COLITUS NO COLON CANCER
NO NO NO NO
STOMACH CANCER INTESTINAL CANCER CONSTIPATION HERNIA
"THESE CONDITIONS or DISEASES ARE UNKNOWN AMONG THE RURAL AFRICAN, ROUMANIAN and HIMALAYAN NATIVES, with whom I have worked for over 20 years." "Yet," Dr. Shulman said, "He gave unimpeachable evidence that when these same natives moved to urban areas where they did not have the whole grain, or course graln,lncludlng the bran in their dally diet and began to use refined toods, especially White sugar and white flour, they were subject to all these diseases or conditions, and Intestinal transit TIME JUMPED TO 90 HRS. AVERAGE, INSTEAD OF 35 HRS. AVERAGE." Or. DAVID REUBENS, M.D.'s new Book ... "SAVE YOUR LIFE DIET" goes even further, by using what Wisoom-2 .
.
.(
he calls a HIGH FIBER diet and cuts the digestive time in half again, to 17 HRS. and adds about a dozen more conditions or diseases that humans will never be troubled with, including PHLEBITIS, CHOLOSTERAL and HEART DISEASE. D.
Jack West says: "My Grandfather West always testified that the WORD OF WISDOM saved his life ... particularly wheat. He lived to a ripe old age and the day before his death, he walked from the steep hills of 9th Ave. clear down to the Salt Lake Temple and back in his88th year. My father wouldn't listen to his Dad, until three Drs. told him at the age of 47 that he couldn't live morethan 6 months. Healways thereafter maintained that the WORD OF WISDOM saved his lI'e ... particularly WHEAT. But he went overboard. He wouldn't even eat a dish of ice cream without a spoonful of wheat on top of it ... And too much of even a good thing, is still too much. Yet he lived to the ripe old age of80.1 wouldn'tlisten tomy Dad ... (It seems every generation has to learn for itself that 'the stove is hot.') ... I had had one cold after another ... on an average 01 every other month and some of them just laid me low; and hay fever from the beginning of summer to the end of summer. Also, the Dr. told me I had to lose 40 to 50 Ibs. of weight. I could lose it by dieting, but then, like a VerVo, I'd come back up again. A friend told me mild barley drink would get rid of my colds, so I said, maybe I'd better try to live' some of the positive elements of the WORD OF WISDOM, so in '969, I not only started using some mild Barley drink, but I have eaten 3 heaping teaspoons of cooked wheat each day. Since 19691 haven't had a common cold, and only lV, days of hay fever and I've never had to use 8 laxative and 8S a complete plus factor, I've lost 50 Ibs. of weight so gradually I didn'.t even know I was losing it until my trousers would start to fall off, and the wonderful part is that it stays off. I've now lost 60 Ibs. and have levelled out at the exact weight I was all through high school and college, and I feel better than I have in years and am rarin' to go places and do things, even though I'm a Great Grandfather. WHEAT is the most wonderful food on earth. And WHEATGREENS CHLOROPHYL LIQUID is the greatest of drinks."
E.
Just incase you want to try it ... here are some suggestions: I cook up a week's supply at a time. Soak the wheat 24 hrs. in twice as much water as you have wheat. Then I cook it just long enough to bring it to a boil. As soon as the lid begins to dance, or steam comes out, shut off the heat, then when it cools, put it in the refrigerator and use it any way you would use rice or potatoes. Use it like pearl barley in any ki,rd of soup; as a filler in any kind of casserole dish; as a filler in meat loat: or cook hamburger, break up in bite-size chunks, add the wheat to it just tong enough to warm up the wheat. Wheat scrambled with eggs or added to an omelette is just delicious. or wheat with butter and salt and pepper on it, like hot rice is especially good ... or make "WESTERN GRAIN" with 'fa brown rice and '12 cooked wheat. There are hundreds of ways to use wheat. I'm now eating spouted wheat. .. approximately halt sprouted wheat and half cooked wheat. Put the moist wheat in any glass jar. Turn your little "homemade glasshouse" on its side and roll around to spread the wheat. .. leave lid off. Set in the light, but not direct sunlight. Within 36 hrs. there will be sprouts as long as the kernals of wheat. I then put the sprouted wheat in the refrigerator and eat one or two heaping teaspoonsful each day uncooked. It's very tasty and perfectly chewable once it is sprouted; or, you can use the sprouted wheat any way you would use cooked wheat. Try it, .. you'll like it! and remember, the minute wheat sprouts it picks up Irom 10 to 30 times the Vitamin and nutritional values it had before it is sprouted. Grow WHEATGRASS in a t" deep x '8" x 26" Bake Sheet or something similar. Only t' of soil is needed. Use Dr. Ann Wigmore's system ... soak the wheat tor 24 hrs., then soak the soil and spread the wheat so that kernai is touching kernal, cover with 8 layers 01 soaked newspaper to hold in moisture and then put a sheet of plastic over the paper to build up heat. When the greens have grown about remove plastic and paper and put where there is light, but not direct sunlight. Vou can grow this year-round indoors. Harvest with scissors at the' st joint (where the 1 st leaf comes out of the main stem). Don't use the 2nd growth. Dump the stubble, soil, incl. the root system upside down in a compost heap and start out with new soil. I use a "Health Fountain" hand grass juicer from the R & R Mill, Smithfield, Utah. Don't use an Osterizer ... it whips too much oxygen into the juice and kills 60% of the food value. Dilute the juice from a 3 oz. bunch of grass in a glass of cold water and sip it. The wholesome herb, .. YJHEATGRASS saved my life and I can't praise it highly enough. Power Grass Juicer ... "Wheateena" Tarlow Designs, 6301 Lindenhurst, Los Angeles. CA90048, (21 3) 933-8622.
s,..·.
5.
VEGETABLES ...
"Fruit of the vine, whether
IN THE GROUND,
or ABOVE THE GROUND."
(Verse 16)
A.
The Armed Forces Oietics Dept. found that everyone should have 3 vegetables every day, , . and interestingly enough, they use either 2 VEGETABLES that grow above the ground and' that grows In the ground, or 2 In the ground and' above the ground, that they always have some of each type,each day.
B.
Wherever possible the WORD OF WISDOM recommends that we eat things "ln the season thereof," which would appear to mean FRESH ... and as near like the Lord made them as possible. We are "refining" our foods into what some Drs. call "Foodless Foods". Wisdom·3
6.
7,
8,
Wisdom-4
"BARLEY ... for MILD DRINKS, as also other grains."
(Verse 17)
A.
How long has it been since you have used a MILD BARLEY DRINK for your main drink?
8.
MILD BARLEY DRINK STORY: Before joining the Church, Wendall Groves worked many years in a brewety. He'said that in all those years he had never known anyone in the brewery to have a common cold. Many would start with a cold, but then they would go bytheWer1zvatand take a brimming cup of Wertz. It would knock out the cold just like magic. Jack West who was teaching a Priesthood class on the WORD OF WISDOM said. "Wendall. what in the world is Wertz?" And Wendall said, "It's just what the Lord is talking about there in the WORD OF WISDOM (D&C 89:17). , , a MILD BARLEY DRINK ... before it has 'worked its head off' and turned 'alcoholic' and before it becomes malted. We drank the warm liquid which was pleasantly sweet from the sprouted Barley, and packed with whatever it takes to knock out a cold." Jack said, "I wonder if that same idea would work with wheat?", .. And Wendall said, "I'll bet it would." .. , and sure enough, it did!
BODY WASH, "Slrong
drinks are nol for the belly, but for the washing of your bodies,"
A.
For #7 positive, we go back to Verse #7 and turn a negative into a positive.
B.
Reader's Digest reports that Medical Doctors have found that washing frequently with water and caustic soap doesn't seem to keep our skin clean and free from harmful bacteria. We wash our face and hands most frequently and they are the two places that have the highest ha rmful bacteria count. We wash the middle of the back (out of reach) least and it has the least harmful bacteria. Nothing has been found better for cleansing the skin and toning the body than an ALCOHOL RUBI WHY NOT DO MORE OF IT? (Readers Digest, Apr. 1969.)
Mise, .. EAT AND "USE WITH PRUDENCE AND THANKSGIVING,.. IN THE SEASON THEREOF (FRESH), AND ONLY IN TIMES of EXCESS OF HUNGER." (Verses 11,13,15) 00 you think anyone in the Church keeps #8??? A.
PRUDENCE: In law we have the "Rule of the PRUDENT MAN". What would the PRUDENT MAN DO? He would DO what he should do and NOT 00 what he should not do. Now relate this to the WORD OF WISDOM, A PRUDENT MAN WILL OBEY and NOT DISOBEY the Rules. A PRUDENT MAN will NOT EAT WHEN he is ANGRY and UPSET. "Many illnesses are due, not so much to what the patient is eating, !lut rather by what is eating the patient." Dr. Daniel H. Sugarman (Psychotherapist) "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine" (Prov. 17:22)
B.
THANKSGIVING: Start every meal by sincerely thanking our Heavenly Father for the food and aski n9 His blessing on it, then eat with true thankfulness. Peter Marshall, Chaplin of the Senate, came home one night and found his wife had hash for dinner and he said, "Honey, you'll have to return thanks tonight, because I can't fool God anymore and He knows I'm not thankful forhash." (Maybe, in view of the WORD OF WISDOM he Shouldn't have eaten it at all.)
C.
"IN THE SEASON THEREOF," (FRESH). Maybe we should be eating less canned food, packaged food, frozen food and especially less processed and refined food and instead eat more FRESH FOOD and perhaps we should eat more UNCOOKED FRESH FRUIT, BERRIES, VEGETABLES, SPROUTED GRAINS and GRASSES, particularly the KING OF GRASSES. WHEATGRASS.
D.
EAT AND "USE ONLY IN TIMES OF EXCESS OF HUNGER" (and quit before you're fulll). On this point we're probably very safe in saying that not one member of the Church keeps all the Positive Elements of the WORD OF WISDOM. Many nutritionists say that we are "eating" ourselves into early graves. A Dr. has said, "Most people live on 1/3 of what they eat and the Drs. live on the rest." Cartoon: Dr. to portly patient: "We'll make your diel real simple ... It it tastes good, spit it out." Cartoon: Overweight lady to friend: "When I'm dieting, I know I shouldn't eat so much corn-on-the-cob., , but, I never put butter on it ...... Her friend's 3-word answer, "Neither do pigs." "If you want to spend your money and have something to show for it. try lots of rich food." Funny Song: "My Country 'tis of thee ... 'Ah turkey, 'tis of thee; so good with cranberry, of thee I sing. I love thy breasts and wings, thy drumsticks fit for Kings, but I can't eat a thing ... I am dieting." Another Dr. said, "1/3 of what we eat keeps us alive and the other 2/3 ki lis us." Dr. Ann Wigmore has gone even further, .. She says, "90% of wha t we eat is 'Foodless Food' and we live on the 10% the hu ma n system is able to sift out and use. She says two 3 oz. servings of WHEATGRASS daily will give the body every chemical, minerai, vitamin, nutritional element and trace element, In all 103 categories, that the body needs to keep itself healthy, well and free from all illnesses and disease, An attorney, his wife and 3 children proved this by living on nothing but WHEATGRASS, for 1 year. At the end of-that time they were all healthier than at the start and were all at normal weight. ("Wheatgrass, God's Manna" by Or. Ann Wigmore, M.D. and Ph.D. in nutrition.)
E.
Let Jack H. West finish his own story: "I had about everything wrong with my system that could be wrong. In 1921 I was brought to Calif. to die with heart trouble and three Drs. had told Mother and Dad that I had less than 6 months to live, but I'd be more comfortable the last few months at sea level
instead of in Salt Lake where Rheumatic Fever had left me with 2 leaking valves and nerves on the fringe of St Vitis Dance. And I've been living on borrowed time ever since. Every time a group of Drs. have predicted my early demise, I chuckle and tell them I've outlived every group of Drs. that predicted my early demise. As recently as 1961 three Drs. in consultation told me I had 2'12 months to live if I kept up the pace I was going. I've lived to get two of those Drs. and I think I'll outlive the other one. I'm a Diabetic (it runs in the family). I was losing my voice ... as an ordinance worker and officiator at the Oakland Temple I couldn't last out 8 hrs. without being down to a whisper and my wife said, 'If you ever lose your voice you'll lose your Gift of Gab, which would be tragic! ... I had infected kidneys and they were recommending removing one. I couldn't get more than 20 min. away from a privvy and for my lecture engagements that just wouldn't do. I suffered tragically with Rheumatoid Arthritis ... then in 1972 a panel of three Drs. told me I had less than a year to live with cancer of the Lymph Nodes and the more they tampered with it the more it would spread. I had a growth the size of an apple under my right arm; a growth on my chest the size of a grapefruit with 1/3 showing on the surface and my whole body was covered with vicious cancer sores. Living the FULL WORD OF WISDOM has controlled or cured everyone of those conditions. Apricot seeds got a control on the Cancer, . , 30 per day and then when I learned about WHEATGRASS CHLOROPHYL DRINK, the highest known source of Vitamin B-17 which I firmly believe is the control vitamin for Cancer, the Cancer growths not only quit growing but diminished in size, until I have just a little pimple under my right arm, a red spot on my chest and dozens of other red spots all over my body. I'm now using six apricot seeds per day and two instead of four 3 oz. servings of WHEATGRASS each day. Many plus factors have been gained ... My hearing was about gone and it is now better than it has been for years. My Kidneys have completely cleared up, with the lemon water and herb drinks each day ... a quart per day ... my voice is stronger than when I was a kid ... recently I was out-of-state on the "Trial of the Stick of Joseph Lectures" and in three weeks time I had 18 'double-headers' in a row ... 3 hrs. each night and still had a voice left. The arthritis is getting much better ... 2 liquid fasts of 10 days each with FRESH and UNCOOKED VEGETABLES and FRUIT DIET in between the fasts have almost cleared it up. (See the book "There Is A Cure For Arthritis" by Dr. Paavo Aitola, M.D.) ... It's the WORD OF WISDOM pure and simple. The Lord said things so simply in the WORD OF WISDOM that we have underestimated what He was saying and l"Qisunderstood. I've got more lip and ling than I had at age 14! I'm down to the exact weight I was all through high school and college and have lost 60 Ibs. permanently."
III. THE 3 NEGATIVE ELEMENTS 1.
NO STRONG
DRINK (ALCOHOL)
(Verses 5, 7)
A.
"Alcoholism ... ALCOHOLICS cost in broken companies and Programs.
B.
AS A KILLER, ALCOHOLISM ranks right behind #1. CIGARETTES; #2, HEART DISEASE and #3, CANCER 35-50 age bracket is most vulnerable ... (should be most productive age.)
C.
ALCOHOLISM IS A DISEASE THAT CAN'T BE CURED ... only arrested. "AA" has learned that 1 drink is too many and a million are not enough. 50% to 75% of ALCOHOLICS can be helped If they admit they have a problem and seek help.
D.
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS (AA) is better than medical treatment, wiser than psychiatric advice, stronger than religious faith and AA experts are on call night or day, without charge, Great danger ... one ALCOHOLIC authorized to sign contracts. or invest, can lose millions in minutes.
E.
YOU CAN'T AFFORD The 1. 2. 3, 4. S, 6. 7.
1 out of every 14 American employees is an ALCOHOLIC" (Reader's Digest Nov. '69) cost American Business, Industry and Government 4.3 billion dollars per year. The homes with the resultant juvenile delinquency is incalculable. 300 giant American many smaller companies have been forced to set up Alcoholic Discovery and Help
NOT TO LIVE THE WORD OF WISDOM ... THE COST IS TOO HIGH:
average Alcoholic Costs his company $1,500 to $4.000 per year, Is only 50% efficient. Is absent 22 days/year. Requires 4 times as much medical attention. Is 7 times as likely to have an auto accident. Lives 12 years less than the non-ALCOHOLIC. If fired or Quits, costs 'company $1,500 to $2,000 to train a replacement.
WHO IS THE STRONGEST? Sergeant opening cans of beer shouted at L.O.S. abstainers: "What's the matter aren't you babies strong enough to drink?" "Sure we are strong enough to drink, but we're also strong enough not to!" Wisdom-5 /
All 3 of the Negatives of the WORD OF WISDOM are habit-forming and they're BAD HABITS. DEVELOP GOOD HABITS, NOT BAD HABITS, because HABITS ARE CABLES. We weave a strand each day and soon they are too strong to break.
2.
NO TOBACCO (Verse 8) Joke that is no joke: Daughter: "Guess what Dad, I smoke." cigarette smokes. You're just the sucker." Mayo Clinic says: The Drs. who know tobacco A.
3.
IV.
best, hate it most."
NICOTINE IS NOW (1973) RATED AS THE #1 KILLER IN THE U.S. "NICOTINE PROFILE" (See Reader's Digest, Sept. '73, Pg. 77) "NICOTINE ATT ACKS the lungs, heart and brain. It's the REAL #1 KILLER IN U.S.; ahead of #2 Heart Disease, #3 Cancer and #4 Alcoholism. Today the mortality from Cigarettes is 7 times the death toll from highway accidents ... and our highway fatalities surpass each 2 months our total loss of American lives in 12 yrs. of the Vietnam War. Nicotine has killed more people than all the great world epidemics of Typhoid, TB and Yellow Fever combined. And this is for known deaths caused by cigarette smoking. What about the unknown deaths? .. Cardia-vascular Disease for example is responsible for over' million fatalities each year in this country alone. According to Dr. Alton Ochner, Head of the famed Ochner Clinic of New Orleans, "The number of Cardio-vascular deaths actually caused by cigarette smoking, but unrecorded as such ... is shockingly high. And what about Cancer? The facts are that at least 7 KNOWN CANCER-PRODUCING AGENTS and 15 to 20 known TOXICANTS ARE GOING INTO THE MOUTHS OF 56 MILLION PEOPLE, AN AVERAGE OF 27 TIMES A DAY, including Hydrogen Cyanide, one of the DEADLIEST POISONS." The easiest way to break a habit is to drop It." 5 yr. old daughter to Dad: "It's easy to quit smoking. Just don't put it in your mouth."
NO HOT DRINKS (Verse 9) ... Both hot as to temperature
(past luke-warm)
When the WORD OF WISDOM Revelation was given, Tea and Coffee were the only hot drink being used, but if you virtually drink scalding hot soup or other food (past luke-warm) you are probably breaking the WORD OF WISDOM.
B.
"The incidence of ULCERS, will be 72% higher if you drink coffee." Dr. Ralph S. Pattenberger, Calif .
C.
If drinks are "Hot" as to content, such as the cola drinks. chocolate, common sense would dictate to not use them.
•
HEALTH (Verse 18) ... A.
2.
and "hot" in content.
A.
Happiness
is Health.
Memory
Key:
H
~
0
~
.~
+~O"
.:j.,."t>
W
Univ. of
etc., perhaps PRUDENCE ~
~'(' ~c.'i
THE 5 GREAT PROMISES of the Lord. (Verses 18-21) 1.
you don't smoke, The
Dad: "No, darling,
K
and
is'
_~~
c,~~
S
GET WELL AND STAY WELL BY LIVING THE FULL WORD OF WISDOM ... It's cheaper too' Medical costs being what they are these days, no matter where the ailment starts, the pain tends to settle in the vicinity of the hip pocket. Now-a-days they always carry you into the hospital FEE FIRST.
WISDOM. (Verse 19) ... THE LORD WILL KEEP HIS PROMISE OF BLESSINGS WORD OF WISDOM.
IF WE WilL
LIVE THE
"I the Lord am bound when ye do what I say, but when ye do not what I sayye have no promise. (D&C82:10) 3.
KNOWLEDGE.
4.
STRENGTH.
(Verse 19)
5.
LONG LIFE (Verse 21)
(Verse 20)
EJl8mple: In Utah only 112 are active L.D.S.
and they only partially
live the WORD OF WISDOM.
UTAH'S RATING 1. Births over deaths 281M vs. 101M balance of U.S. 2. 97% Literacy Highest in U.S. 3. 60/M in H.S 3 times U.S. average. Twice as many per M in college. 4. 20% more Men of Achievement (next nearest state .. , Mass.) 5. 30% more Men of Science (next nearest state ... Colo.) 6. General Health ... Best in U.S. 7. Life Span ... Greatest. 8. Highest level of Service and Joy. (From WORD OF WISDOM book by John A. and Leah Widstoe) . IF WE EVER GOT AN ENTIRE GROUP OF PEOPLE TO FULLV LIVE THE WORD OF WISDOM (BOTH THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ELEMENTS), THE RESULTS WOULD AMAZE THE WORLD "For the WORD OF WISDOM has in its observance, the essentials of building a SUPERIOR RACE, Physically. Mentally and Spiritually. Wisdom·6
WORD OF WISDOM Pres. Jack West says: 7 SIMPLE DAILY STEPS TO HEALTH saved my life and changed my life. You too can GET YOUNGER
AS YOU GROW OLDER. Try to get your doctor with you all the way.
1.
HONEY, MOLASSES, LEMON DRINK. I slowly sip 1 Quart warm water with'fa lemon and some honey and black strap molasses first thing in the morning. It cleans out the system and cleared up Bright's Disease and kidney infection like magic and saved my life. If diabetic. substitute herbs for honey and molasses. My doctors advise another quart of liquid during day, but not with meals.
2.
1 Hour (minimum) EXERCISE. Begin easy ... 5 trips up and down a flight of stairs, lift a heavy garage door 5 times, or the equivalent. I gradually transitioned into 7 things during the I hr. exercise. Remember, there are dozens of rules for good health but NONE OF THEM WORK UNLESS YOU DO. A.
LEGS, FEET and TOES ... Lying in bed or on the floor, stretch legs and rotate the feet and wiggle the toes in circles ... 14 times clockwise and 14 times counter-clockwise.
B.
EYES. An eye specialist said to me: "If you'll followthese5 simpleeyeexercises twice each day and anytime in between when your eyes get tired and use the 5 simple safety rules, you'll never need glasses and your eyes will get stronger as you grow older." It works. I'm a great grandfather and have never used glasses. In the prone position. rotate eyes ... stretch ing eye muscles in ci roles 5 times clockwise and 5 times counter clockwise; then angle up and down in each direction to torm an "X" 5 times; then back and forth straight across 5 times. Squint in between each exercise. Finally, look straight up and straight down; (not at your nose, but at your toes ... ) 5 times. Do this at least every morning and night 5 simple safety rules: Never use eyes in poor light. Have a good light coming over the opposite shoulder to the hand you write with. Never look into bright lights or the sun Use a tennis visor with green underside when your're reading or writing. Finally, never let your eyes get tired or under any strain.
C.
HEAD and NECK (The key is 14) Head and neck roll: While sitting. roll the head 14 times in each direction. Make it hurt. Ear to shoulder, right and left 14 times each. Angle head and look at ceiling with lower lip over upper lip, up and down 14 times angled right and 14 times angled left, to avoid double chin sag. Follow all movements with eyes. Then finally look behind ... from left to right 14 times. Make it hurt on all these movements as you stretch the muscles.
D.
HEAD MASSAGE: In standing position bend overwith head nearthefloor and vigorously massage the head for 2 minutes, or better still, do a head stand 5 minutes night and morning. It really clears out the cobwebs and helps the hair. (My hair that I lost is coming back in.)
E.
DEEP BREATHING: Sitting with arms relaxed at side, bend body forward while exhaling until shoulders touch knees. then raising body while inhaling deeply. Fill lungs to capacity,lifting riband lung cage, 7 times with left nostril closed; 7 times WIth right nostril closed and 7 times with both nostrils open. Do it veryslowty both in and out.
F.
MINI-TRAMPOLINE WORKOUT: I'm now running and rope skipping "in place" the equivalent of 4 miles a day on a "Vitalizer" or "Sundancer" 3 ft. diameter and 8 inches high. It's great! Bounce back to better health. The body is weightless at the top of the bounce and 2 to 3 G'sat the bottom of the bounce and in between every muscle, blood vessel and vital organ is exercised. Write to L & L Enterprises, P.O. Box 33, Costa Mesa, CA 92626. (714) 641-1537 for information. Run 50 paces and walk 50 paces until 250 each, then rope skip without a rope throwing arms in circles backwards 250 times and then walk 100 paces to cool off; then repeat, throwing arms in circles forward 250 times and cool off with 100 walk paces. Deep breathe every time you walk. My heart goes to double speed and I get up a good sweat. Now clench fists tight against chest and while facing North or South, bounce up and down while repeating "Out go the toxins, in comes the lymph" 7 times, then step onto the floor and very briskly rub your right arm away from the heart 50 strokes and do same with left arm and both legs. This packs the body with electrical current and races the lymph fluids. Ask Dr. Corwin S. West, M.D .. Orem, UT about these ideas. His "National Self Help Clinics" are great!
G.
HOT and COLO SHOWER: I then have a hot and cold shower (no soap) and a rough towel and boar bristle brush rub until the skin is pink and tingles. Then drag soles of the feet over a rough bath mat 20 times each.
3.
"GREEN-POWER" DRINK: Wheatgrass Chlorophyll Drink ... min. 1 serving a day = Juice from 3 oz. of Wheatgreens diluted in glass of cold water. See section II para. 4E of these notes and also pages 240, 241, 292301 "Wheatgrass.,. God's Manna" by Dr. Ann Wigmore and also her book, "Be Your Own Doctor", for 72 diseases and conditions of the human system which could be eliminated. It's the greatest drink on Earth. Also see "Organic Soil" by Dr. G. H. Earp-Thomas, M.D.
4.
DAILY ELIMINATION: Bend way over and grasp feet to simulate the natural sitting-on-heels stomach muscles 5 times at beginning and middle of elimination. Same time daily.
5.
FRESH FRUIT BREAKFAST:
All FRESH fruits and all of the fruit. including
position.
Roll
peeling and seeds. If 17 hours each
Wisdom-7
day with no protein intake 83% of all cancer in U.S. would be eliminated (See Dr. Wm. Donald Kelley statement "One Answer to Cancer.") 6.
AT LUNCH or DINNER ... 3 THINGS: Min. 3 teaspoons sprouted or cooked WHOLE WHEAT; 6 Apricot Seeds; and an extra LARGE RAW VEGETABLE SALAD. See Dr. Paavo Atrota's book "How to Get Well."
7.
MISC. RULES: (a) Sleep with lots of FRESH AIR. (b) Use 75% t085% of 'ood FRESH and uncooked. Cooking kills all enzymes and much of food value. (c) If cooked, use baked vegetable dinner baked on top of the stove in a
•
Dutch Oven. and vegetable soup per Drs, Paavo Airola. Max Gerson a"d Ann Wigmore. (d) Seperate fruit and vegetable by '/2 hour ... they tend to "kill" each other. (e) Eat meat sparingly and NO WHITE SUGAR or WHITE FLOUR or anything made with them and NO PROCESSED FOODS. (f) If feellenslon or tlredne.1 building up, "Go down for the count" ... stretch right out on the floor .. , go to sleep immediaely ... sleep for 2'h minutes and awaken completely refreshed, like Thomas A. Edison taught me to do. He said, "Never get tired and learn to thoroughly relax and you can cut way down on required sleep." He got along on 21f2 hours per night. I cut down from 10 hours to 5 hours.
Jack H. West
•
I
Wisdom.a
Section 89 Revelation given through Joseph Smith the Prophet, at Kirtland, Ohio, 27 February 1833 (see History of the Church, 1:327-29). As a consequence a/the early brethren using tobacco in their meetings, the Prophet was led to ponder upon the matter; consequently, he inquired of the Lord concerning it. This revelation, known as the Word of wisdom, was the result. The first three verses were originally written as an inspired introduction and description by the Prophet. !.::9. The use of wine, strong drinks, tobacco, and hot drinks is proscribed;
Herbs, fruits.flesh, and grain are ordained for the use of man and of animals; 18-21, Obedience to gospel law, including the Word of Wisdom, brings temporal and spiritual blessings. 10-17.
1 A ,WORD OF WISDOM,
for the benefit of the council of high priests, assembled in Kirtland, and the church, and also the saints in ZionTo be sent greeting; not by commandment or constraint, but by revelation and the -word of wisdom, showing forth the order and awill of God in the temporal • salvation of all saints in the last days2
3 Given for a principle with 'promise, adapted to the capacity of the tweak and the weakest of all
, 8 And again, tobacco is not for the .body, neither for the belly, and is not good for man, but is an herb for bruises and all sick cattle, to be used with judgment and skill. 9 And again, hot drinks are not for the body or belly. And again, verily I say unto you, all wholesome -herbs God hath ordained for the constitution, nature, and use of man10
11 Every
herb in the season thereof, and every fruit in the season thereof; all these to be used with -prudence and bthanksgiving. 12 Yea,
-flesh also of -beasts and of the fowls of the air, I, the Lord, have ordained for the usc of man with thanksgiving; nevertheless they are to be used
winter, or of cold, or -farnine.
14 All -irain is ordained for the use of man and of beasts, to be the staff of life, not only for man but for the beasts of the field, and the fowls of heaven, and all wild animals that run or creep on the earth; 15 And -these hath God made for the use of man only in times of famine and excess of hunger. 16 All grain is good for the -food of man; as also the -fruit of the vine; that which yicldeth fruit, whether in the ground or above the ground17 Nevertheless, wheat for man, and earn for the ox, and oats for the horse, and
rye for the fowls and for swine, and for all beasts of the field, and barley for all useful animals, and for mild drinks, as also other grain. 18 And all saints who remember to keep and do these sayings, walking in obedience to the commandments, -shall receive -health in their navel and marrow to their bones; 19 And shall -find -wisdorn and great
And shall -run and not be bweary, and shall walk and not faint.
21 And
I, the Lord, give unto them a promise, that the .destroying angel shall
bpasS by them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them. Amen. hUp://www.lds.orglscriptures/dc-tcstamcntJdc/89.8?lang=eng
Word Hugh
of
Wisdom:
Commentary w.
on
D&C
89 Nibley
Provo. Utah: Maxwell In~;jtulcrhe views expressed in this article are the views 0/ the author and do not necessarily represent the position 0/ the Maxwell Institute. Brigham Young University. or The Church of Jesus Christ 0/ Latter-day
Sainrs. Hugh Nibley December 1979 Gospel Doctrine Class, Manavu Ward The Word of Wisdom is so familiar that we can get through this in a hurry, except for a few neglected patches. First, it's a greeting. not by commandment or constraint, but a word of wisdom, the order and will of God for the temporal salvation for all Saints in these last days. The covenants you make arc eternal, but you're not going to be worried about tea, coffee and tobacco in the world hereafter, In the ages to come I don't think smoking will be a serious problem with any of us. In fact. it isn't even now. as far as that goes. It's a temporal law to supply us during this life, and this is the way it was taken. The Word of Wisdom doesn't belong to the order of the eternal Gospel. It is temporal and temporary but no less the will of God. We do not covenant and promise to keep thc Word of Wisdom. because our promises and covenants are eternal. But we arc bound while we're here. so it is not secondary in importance. However, we often make a big fuss about the Word of Wisdom while ignoring the other commandments. President Joseph F. Smith used to say that we make the Word of Wisdom a subject of religious hobbyism. "As long as I keep the Word of Wisdom----tltat's the thing," someone may say, and then preach that and nothing else. Thai is not the fullness of the Gospel. It is a minimal requirement- a principle with a promise- "a first step: No great achievement but you get a reward for it. Others keep it better than we do. For example. on the whole the Seventh Day Adventists are better keepers of the Word of Wisdom than we arc, but it's not the Gospel. We have been warned and forewarned against the evil designs which do and will exist in the hearts of conspiring men. Today this is recognized as the promotion of harmful products. But where do we draw the line of harmful products? And where do we strike a balance between harmful products and the money they bring in? Do you remember the time when all watches had luminescent dials on them? It was a great blessing to be able to see the time in the dark. But what did we ever do with luminous dials? We junked them. because the disadvantage of radioactivity was greater than the advantage of luminescence. People were saying we couldn't get along without it, but we have been getting along without it. It's the same with exhortations in the Word of Wisdom. How can we do without certain things? Wine and strong drink are only for the sacrament. Make your own. Tobacco you may use only for medicine. Discover its use by experimentation. Dr. Marv Roberson. trainer, uses tobacco quite a bit for sprains and bruises quite effectively, but it is to be used with judgement and skill. Skill means experience. (There's your wisdom again.) President Joseph F. Smith says the Word of Wisdom means just that"wisdom." You use your wisdom. A commandment, on the other hand., means "You must do this!" A Word of Wisdom you must judge for yourself. Heber C. Kimball included chocolate and cocoa among the hot drinks, but then they drank them extremely hot. When they said hot, they meant hot! All wholesome herbs. Well, what makes the herb wholesome? For the constitution, use and nature of man. Ah, but you must know how. Every herb in the season, every fruit in the season. Joseph Fielding Smith used to say. "Well, we put up our preserves, we freeze our vegetables ... when they are ripe." We don't freeze them and use them when they are green. Or when they are rotten. We freeze them in the proper season. That doesn't mean that you're supposed to only cat peas in the three weeks when the peas arc perfect for picking. But you can freeze them. You can preserve them in the season, of course. You're still eating them in the season and not taking them prematurely. We get such cranks in this business. Notice: "With prudence." There's the answer to the cranks. right there, for prudence means providence, foresight and thanksgiving.
Meat sparingly. Again, sparing is a good word. It means "sparing Gods creatures," It is to be used with thanksgiving and not with gluttony, which is one of the national weaknesses. (Overweight is one of our national diseases.) That's gluttony, which is one of the seven deadly sins. You have a right to meat, according to the 49th section of the Doctrine and Covenants. The family who needs a deer to get through the winter have a right to that. The Lord will not deny them. but He is also pleased with those who forbear. They can eat meal only in times of starvation, winter. cold. famine. "Starve" means to die of cold as well as of famine. And the Saints need meat to see them through the winter and restore their fainting strength. Remember the miracle of the quails, for example. Game only in times of famine and excess of hunger. But the supplies are limited, and we cannot afford to hunt the year round, promiscuously. At the first sight of buffalo in Iowa .the plain was covered with buffalo as far as the eye could see- -Brigham Young called the brethren together and told them not to shoot one unless they absolutely need it. And this turned out to be a great blessing for them. Grain is the staff of life- the underpinning of the whole cycle. The angiosperms are encapsulated. highly concentrated nourishment supplied from the insects right on up the food chain. (They like to share it with us, too.) It's not an exclusive diet, though. We lean on it more than anything else, but verses 10 and II tell us the importance of herbs. of fruit. and of meal They are essential. too. All grains. fruits, and berries are good for man. All must be processed in some way. however. The Indians used their berries and acorns a lot. but they had to process or wash them or they would be eating deadly poisons like cyanide and other things. If they didn't process them. they found out by experience how to treat these things. They used a lot of things that we don't think arc useful at all. It's amazing. Tommy Martin has spent his days looking for edible and useful herbs in that lot around his house. He found 128 plants and herbs growing right around his house that people use for some purpose of nutrition, medicine or otherwise. That just shows that they are all around us. But we don't know anything about it ""that's something that takes a lot of skill. And then the great promise. It is not included in mortality for man to be immune from suffering but it does guarantee that things will be as they should be. The main thing about the Word of Wisdom is that it represents a new way of life. We don't realize this. but when we go back to the Journalof Discourses: tea, coffee, tobacco and liquor are all a part of our way of life, but they are luxuries. a form of indulgence. a form of gracious living. The Saints need to break away from that. They are things we really don't need because they are stimulants or narcotics. The early Saints were forced to give them up when they ran out of supplies. The Saints in st. George had no trouble at all with the Word of Wisdom because they couldn't get any of the stuff. They adopted the Word of Wisdom. and it worked. In other words. they were forced into a new way of life. There's a new book that's just come out on alcohol in American history. In the 19th century it seems that Americans imbibed a pint of liquor every day. This was our way of life-perfectly normal. The Word of Wisdom was absolutely necessary to effect a break with these customs. for the coming forth of the kingdom in these days demanded it. Brigham Young said the older generation is too far gone. "We must begin with the younger generation. The older ones need it. They collapse without it. They must have their coffee, etc." Ezra T. Benson said that this was a whole new way of life" a cultural revolution which the Saints have not yet accepted. Brigham Young again: "When we first heard the revelation many of us thought that it consisted just of our drinking tea and coffee. But it is not just these things but every other evil that is calculated to contaminate this people. We should feel to thank the Lord that we have escaped thus far the contaminating influence of the Gentiles." George Albert Smith said the same in the conference: "The Word of Wisdom sifts the people. They do not realize it. How carefully they are being tested. It's a gradation, so to speak. It's a cultural revolution. So also is their treatment of animals. etc." And the same year (I855) Brigham Young again speaks: "The people have laid the foundation of short life through their diet, their rest, their labor. their doing this, that and the other in a wrong manner with improper motives at improper times." "Let all things be in moderation" is what we have here. "Suppose I say. 'Come wife, let's have a good dinner today." Well, this is a Victorian tradition, you see. What does she get? "Pork and beef, stewed, roasted, fried, boiled, potatoes. cabbage, onions. turnips. eggs, custard. pies of all kinds. cheese and sweet meats. Now I admit that my wife and I sit down and overload our stomachs until we feel the deleterious effects of it from the crowns of our heads to the soles of our feet, eyeballs protruding and belts snapping and everything else." Then he says. "The whole system is disturbed by its operations and is ready to receive heart disease. A
child begotten under such conditions is liable to be born with a tabernacle subject to pain and distress. Will all hearken to this plain statement? No. You might as well talk to the wild geese that fly over us." In a speech given in Provo on the Word of Wisdom Brigham Young the church teachings at all times. Like the temple garments, it is wisdom, giving appetites, desires and passions within boundaries, and is a protection from evil and designing men and from many things habit-forming.
says. "It has been an organic part of a protection. It is an admonition to is to be considered with discretion. It that can harm us." These things are
Now I want to talk about a good example of religious hobbyism. In 1833 the Saints commenced to build a temple in Kirtland. A mere handful of Saints commenced that work, but they were full of faith and energy. In a few weeks some of them apostatized. The trials were too great, the troubles were too severe. For instance, a certain family having traveled a longjoumey arrived in Kirtland and the Prophet asked them to stop and stay with them until they could find their own place. Sister Emma, meanwhile, asked the old lady if she would have a cup of tea or coffee to refresh her after the fatigues of the journey. The whole family apostatized because they were invited to take a cup of tea or coffee after the Word of Wisdom was given. (After all. this was just a stimulant for an old lady. It wasn't a coffee bust!) Amasa Lyman once said, "The Word of Wisdom is just that It conducts US in way of progress. which is a progressive repentance." A workaholic is as culpable as the alcoholic. The positive side of it is, "Don't overwork. Don't get yourself exhausted so that you need stimulants. You must go to bed early and rise early. Let your minds and your bodies be rested. If you overwork, then you are breaking the Word of Wisdom because you are forcing yourself to fall back on these drugs to give you a pick up. The Word of Wisdom is nothing to flaunt before the world-it's merely a means of assisting us in salvation and work for the human race." In 1867 Brigham Young said, "The situation is not good in the church." He reminds them that the Word of Wisdom is not a fetish. The Word of Wisdom is one thing. and ignorance, superstition or bigotry is another. Then again. he gives the story of an elder in Nauvoo who refused to administer to the sick when he saw a teapot in the house! (There was no tea in the teapot, only some herbs-they didn't have Brigham tea at that time.) We had a friend who refused to use Carnation milk because it was advertised to be used with coffee. That's being very puristic, isn't it? Erastus Snow at the same conference said, "Don't make the Word of Wisdom a hobby to the exclusion of everything else so as to disgust people. but in the true spirit of the Gospel seek to bring the matter home to the hearts and understandings of the people. Feel after those who may be stupid or ignorant Being instructed in these things is the important thing. (Stimulants and narcotics are even necessary sometimes, but this does not license their general use. Those who covenant have no option but to keep the Word of Wisdom.) Then he says, "Like money. it's right to have pharmaceutics sufficient for our needs, but they can be poison if overdone. More than that, they can be deadly." George Q. Cannon says, "Not only stimulants, but any extreme diet, any food fads. etc. And this goes for cholesterols, synthetics, sugar-free diets. all sorts of things like this.
"Having food and raiment, let us therefore be content," says Paul to Timothy. We can get into trouble if we stan overdoing things. Orson Pratt says that a man should not constrain his family to obey it. but every man will have to give an account of his doings. Man may keep the Word of Wisdom as far as tea and coffee and tobacco are concerned and still come very short. If he wishes and contends to be right he must convey this together with all the commandments of the Word of Wisdom, for if you keep the Word of Wisdom but don't walk in obedience you will not receive health to the navel and marrow to the bones. That includes regulating our thoughts and all our doings. In the sermons from the General Authorities from the beginning it becomes increasingly apparent that the Word of Wisdom is far more advanced than we have realized. Every time a new step is taken today we find that the Word of Wisdom anticipated it. An example: In 1870 Brigham Young said, "Why are these things so popular. and why are they bad? The narcotic spirits in these substances are the cause for their being so much liked by those who use them. They are habit-fanning. Their most dangerous effects make them that." Everything that we eat contains poisons. as tar as that goes. but these arc habit-forming. But the important thing. he says. is the state of mind. One must be sober and clear-headed to receive revelation. Narcotics of
I
any kind beget delusion, unreality. That's why we don't indulge in any excesses. We don't have the music, the lights. the colors, the incense. the bells, the organ and all this. Not in the temple. Cold, sober. It has to be like that. Orson Pratt says further, "Take the Word of Wisdom which is given for our benefit and our temporal salvation. It is true. Disobedience to it is not so gross as with some others, but still it is given for our temporal salvation and should be observed. We should preach it every two weeks so that this people is persuaded to hearken to it. And yet they know it is the will of the Lord. They go away after hearing the most glorious discourse upon this and other revelations and perhaps they will keep the Word of Wisdom for two or three days. but it makes their head ache, so they take a little tea, and it does them good for the moment., and it is such a tria]! It must be a terrible trial. for the Lord said. "The weakest of all." The Word of Wisdom is necessary for unity and cooperation. It's a fonn of common sense and honesty. Drugs. luxuries. self-indulgence. fashions and wealth: they all go together. The Word of Wisdom is simply a warning to beware of the world. and although it is a temporal revelation. the keeping of it will help us to keep the more eternal covenants we have made with our Heavenly Father.
THE WORD OF WISDOM: FROM PRINCIPLE TO REQUIREMENT
THOMASG.
ALEXANDER
at the tum of the century is evident from contemporary sources. At a meeting on May 5, 1898, the First Presidency and Twelve discussed the Word of Wisdom. One member read from the twelfth volume of the Journal of Discourses a statement by Brigham Young that seemed ~o support the notion that the Word of Wisdom was a commandment of God. Lorenzo Snow, then President of the Council of the Twelve agreed, saying that he believed the Word of Wisdom was a commandment and that it shouJd be carried out to the Jetter. In doing so, he said, members should be taught to refrain from eating meat except in dire necessity, because Joseph Smith had taught that animals have spirits. Wilford Woodruff, then President of the Church, said he looked upon the Word of Wisdom as a commandment and that all members should observe it, but for the present, no definite action should be taken except that the members should be taught to refrain from meat. The minutes of the meeting record that "President Woodruff said he regarded the Word of Wisdom in its entirety as given of the Lord for the Latter-day Saints to observe, but he did not think that Bishops should withhold recommends from persons who did not adhere strictly to it."! Though it is clear that some church leaders, like Heber J. Grant and Joseph F. Smith, insisted upon complete abstinence from tea, coffee, liquor and tobacco, all General Authorities were not in agreement on all aspects of the Word of Wisdom. During a discussion in 1900 after he became President of the Church, Lorenzo Snow again emphasized the centrality of not eating meat, a point rarely emphasized by others, and in 1901, John Henry Smith and Brigham Young, Jr .• of the Twelve both thought that the Church ought not interdict beer, or at least not Danish beer. Other apostles, like Anthon H. Lund and Matthias F. Cowley also enjoyed Danish beer and currant wine. Charles W. Penrose occasionally served wine. Emmeline 8. Wells, then a THE SfAnJS OF 11-IE WORD OF WISDOM
G.
C",,"
THOMAS AJ.E)(ANDER;S I'roft$90r of history 41111 director of tht Ch'1J7ts RtdJt for Wt$Jtm Studits et BrighDm YDung UnivtTSity. The "uthor Ihlmics tht HidoriCid DtfUJrlmtnt of th, Church fDr II {tUawship which helped supp0rl d,t rtsedrdr lOT tllis Ilrlick.
78
ALEXANDER:
From Princip't
10
RtqlJi,~rnt"'
I 79
member of the presidency and later president of the Relief Society, drank an occasional cup of coffee, and George Albert Smith took brandy for medicinal reasons. Apostle George Teasdale, agreeing with President Woodruff, thought that no one ought to be kept from working in the Sunday School because he drank tea and that eating pork was a more serious breach than drinking tea or coffee. 2 The evidence shows a diffuse pattern both in observing and teaching the Word of Wisdom in 1900. Some General Authorities preached quite consistently against the use of tea, coffee, liquor or tobacco and occasionally against the use of meat. None supported drunkenness. In practice, however, they and other members also occasionally drank the beverages that our current interpretation would prohibit. Observance of the Word of Wisdom was urged by way of counsel by President Snow and others. Some Apostles, like John Henry Smith, believed that the more important question was one of free agency and that those who continued to insist upon strict adherence to the Word of Wisdom were ignoring more serious principles. President Snow also opposed sanctions against alcohol and was upset when the General Board of the YMMlA asked far an end to the sale of beer at Saltair.? Most vocal among General Authorities in his opposition to the use of tea, cofJee, alcohol and tobacco was Heber J. Grant who would become one of the leaders ot the state prohibition movement. He was particularly outraged at the church members who served liquor and at some of the Twelve who opposed the prohibition of liquor at Saltair. He was also concerned with the indifference some of the General Authorities demonstrated to the feelings of Protestant ministers who complained about the Saltair saloon." The death of Lorenzo Snow brought Joseph F. Smith to the presidency. Smith's-views on the Word of Wisdom were close to those of Heber J. Grant and it is to his administration that the path to our current interpretation of the Word of Wisdom leads. Dropping the emphasis on abstaining from meat, he urged the need to refrain from tea, coffee, alcohol and tobacco. In 1902, he reversed President Snow's stand and dosed the saloon at Saltair, a move which the Protestant dergy heartily approved. Following this lead, in June, 1902, the First Presidency and Twelve agreed not to feUowship anyone who operated or frequented saloons. In the same year, Joseph F. Smith urged stake presidents and others to refuse recommends to flagrant violators but to be somewhat liberal with old men who used tobacco and old ladies who drank tea. Habitual drunkards, however, were to be denied temple recommends." By mid-190S, members of the Twelve were actively using stake conference visits to promote adherence. In September, 1905, for instance, George Albert Smith advised the Stake Presidency, High Council and Bishops in Star Valley, Wyoming, to refuse "to longer tolerate men in presiding positions who would not keep the Word of Wisdom." George F. Richards preferred the technique of interviewing and urging compliance rather than insisting on lack of toleration. In keeping with the change in emphasis, the First Presidency and Twelve substituted water for wine in the sacrament in their temple meetings, apparently beginning July 5, 1906.0
, 8()
I DIALOGUE:
1'\ Journal of Mormon Though'
After 1906, a strong prohibition movement developed in the United States, centered in Evangelical Protestant groups. In 1906, only Iowa, Kansas and Maine had statewide prohibition. but by 1919 twenty-six states, principally in the midwest, far west, south and upper New England had adopted the reform. Although increasing scientific evidence on the adverse effects of alcohol helped the movement, moral rather than scientific considerations seem to have sustained it. The period between 1911 and 1916 represented the post-Civil War apogee of alcoholic consumption in the United States and fear of moral decay, broken homes and wasted fortunes fueled the prohibition movement. 7 As indicated above, the Latter-day Saints were already working internally before 1906 to oppose the consumption of alcoholic beverages and to interdict tea, coffee and tobacco among 'members. The interpretations given by nineteenth-century leaders to the Word of Wisdom and the then accepted view that Brigham Young had declared it a commandment provided part of the basis for this emphasis in the Church. Another important motive for those on all sides of the question seems also to have been the desire for acceptance. The strongest opposition to the seating of B. H. Roberts and Reed Smoot in Congress had come from Evangelical Protestant groups, and some leaders, such as Elder Grant, were particularly sensrtive to their feelings. In addition, the strongest support for state----and later nationwide--Prohibition among church members was found among Democrats and Progressive Republicans. Mormons of these parties were searching for acceptance by other church members who were increasingly pressured to vote Republican in support of Reed Smoot and his Federal Bunch and for national approval by Protestants who had so long opposed the Church. Among Federal Bunch Republicans, however, the situation was much different. GeneraUy in control of the legislature, the governorship and the congressional and senatorial seats until 1916, Smoot supporters were reluctant to upset their majority position by alienating members of the business community sympathetic to the liquor traffic or by creating a climate congenial to anti-Mormon political parties.s The organization of the statewide prohibition movement in Utah began in December 1907 when the Reverend Dr. George W. Young of Louisville, Kentucky, assistant general superintendent of the Anti-Saloon League of America, came to Utah. Throughout early 1908, the League organized its three departments--agitation, legislation, and law enforcement-in Utah, and Heber J. Grant, who took an early interest in the movement, became a trustee for Utah and an officer of the Utah organization. In the late fall and early wmter of 1908, the Reverend Dr. Louis S. Fuller, superintendent of the League for U tah and Idaho, met at various times with members of the First Presidency and Twelve and with Elder Grant. They agreed to support a local option bill in the 19091egislature.9 Initially, Prohibition was widely supported in the Church. Edward H. Anderson expressed surprise in a January 19081mprovement Era editorial that Utah was still one of the completely "wet" states. He thought that the "Latter-day Saints will unitedJy and enthusiastically join in bringing about
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From Principle to Requirement
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81
... [the liquor traffic's] complete extermination." A number of the Twelve, meeting with members of an organization called the Salt Lake City Betterment Committee, agreed to implement an October 1907 General Conference resolution, to do all in their power to stop the liquor traffic. As Anthon H. Lund, second counselor in the First Presidency, said, "this means 'prohibition.'" At the temple fast meeting on January 5, 19()8, Richard W. Young, president of the Ensign Stake, and Joseph F. Smith both endorsed Prohibition. to A number of factors, however, supported the notion that Church leaders should not endorse prohibition but should support local option or even oppose public action on the liquor question. William Spry, John Henry Smith and a number of Republican leaders were concerned that not only would Prohibition fail to actually prohibit, but that the law would subject property to confiscation. Some, like Francis M. Lyman, urged individual regeneration rather than Prohibition, though he later changed his mind in favor of Prohibition.ll Perhaps the most important pressure against Prohibition came from gentile Republicans, particularly businessmen whose interests included liquor manufacture or sales. Fred J. Keisel, for instance, said it would be a political blunder to support statewide Prohibition. After June, 1908, the Intermountain Rtpu&lican, the Church-owned organ of Reed Smoot's Federal Bunch, stopped publishing articles favorable to Prohibition, and the Republican Party dumped Governor John C. Cutler, partly because of his support of statewide Prohibition, in favor ofWllliam Spry who nominally supported local option. Il By the time the legislature met in January, 1909, the church leadership was moving in two directions. Francis M. Lyman, by now converted to Prohibition, called Bishop John M. Whittaker to work with the legislature and with Elder Grant, Presiding Bishop Charles W. Nibley and others who favored Prohibition. The Deseret Ntws published articles and interviews favoring Prohibition. President Joseph F. Smith, Reed Smoot and others more sensitive to the political problems, however, became equivocal in their support. Reed Smoot said he believed the prohibition movement would hurt the Church by bringing further charges of church influence in politics. John Henry Smith opposed Prohibition but considered Smoot's objections somewhat hypocritical because the Apostle-Senator "had no objection to Priesthood influence when he wanted to be elected. Then he said all ... [the Gentiles] honored was power." Even tually, the legislature si detracked a prohi bition bill introduced by non-Federal Bunch Republican George M. Cannon in favor of a local option bill sponsored by Smoot's lieutenant Carl A. Badger. Though the Badger bill passed, William Spry pocket-vetoed it, to the chagrin of many supporters. In 1911, however the legislature revived and passed the Badger local option bill and this time Spry signed it.13 The fight over Prohibition between 1911 and 1917 was almost a replay of the local option battle between 1908 and 1911. Republican church leaders closely allied to the Federal Bunch favored Prohibition in public, but were equivocal in private. Fear of a backlash against the Church which might lead to the creation of a new anti-Mormon party, and fear of alienating gentile
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DIALOGUL
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businessmen from the Republican Party seem to have been the principal motives. In 1915, Spry pocket-vetoed a widely supported statewide prohibition bill. By 1916, the majority of Republ icans could no longer support Spry, and Nephi L. Morris, president of the Salt Lake Stake, Progressive Party gubernatorial candidate in 1912 and an avowed prohibitionist, received the Republican Party nomination but lost the election. By that time local and national support for prohibition had developed to such an extent that virtually all church leaders and a large majority of all Utah citizens also supported Prohibition. Newly elected. Democratic Governor Simon Bamberger and the Democratically controlled legislature enacted statewide Prohibition in 1917. In the meantime, emphasis on the Word of Wisdom during Joseph F. Smith's administration continued essentially as in 1902. In a letter dated December 28, 1915, President Smith said that young "or middle-aged men who have had experience in the Church should not be ordained to the Priesthood nor recommended to the privileges of the House of the Lord unless they will abstain from the use of tobacco and intoxicating drinks." Since Prohibition had outlawed the legal use of alcohol, emphasis in church magazines and talks after 1917 centered on tobacco, and members were urged to support groups like the No-Tobacco League of America, the YMCA and the Salvation Anny in their efforts to eradicate the use of tobacco. 14 " After the inauguration of Heber J. Grant's administration in 1918, however, the advice became less flexible. In 1921, church leadership made adherence to the Word of Wisdom a requirement for admission to the temple. Before this stake presidents and bishops had been encouraged to in this matter, but exceptions had been made. Apparently under this new emphasis, in March, 1921, George F. Richards, both as apostle and president of the Salt Lake Temple, phoned two Salt Lake City bishops about two tobacco users who had come to the temple and told the bishops "to try to clean them up before they come here again."JS Between 1921 and 1933, the adherence to the Word of Wisdom for full fellowship in the Church was made even more explicit. The 1928 General Handbook of Instructions. to guide bishops and stake presidents on church policy, reads: "It is important that all those who may desire to enter the temple [or endowments or other ordinances should be encouraged by the bishopric to observe the principle of tithing as weD as aU other Gospel principles." The next edition of the Handbook, published in 1933, reads that members desiring temple recommends "should observe the law of tithing. The applicant should also observe all other principles of the Gospel, should keep the Word of Wisdom, not use profanity, should not join nor be a member of any secret oath bound organization and should sustain without reservation the general and local authorities of the church." Additionally, both the 1928 and 1934 editions of the Handbook -but not previous editions-listed "liquor drinking" and "bootlegging" among the "transgressions which are ordinarily such as to justify consideration by the bishop's court." To these the 1934 edition also added "drunkenness."16 With Prohibition an accomplished fact, the Church leadership also moved during the 1920s to incorporate the use of tobacco under legal sanctions.
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From Principle to Rlquirtmt"t
/ 83
Church members and leaders threw their strong support behind a bill introduced by State Senator Edward Southwick of Lehi to prohibit the sale of tobacco in Utah. The Church's Social Advisory Committee, students from Brigham Young University and other ch urch groups lobbied for the bill which passed in 1921. By early 1922, however, massive disobedience brought about the revision of the Southwick law in 1923. This provided for controlled access and revenue for the state. 17 Meanwhile, the Church continued its campaign against tobacco use. An article in the lmprouement E.TIl, March, 1923, argued that tobacco users naturally linked themselves with evil persons such as profaners, criminals, vagrants and prostitutes. Other articles argued. that men believed. women who smoke would become unladylike. In 1923, the MIA adopted anti-tobacco as its annual theme. Appeals to SCientific authority were also used, including references to nicotine poisoning and smoke damage to mucus membranes and lungs. \8 Late in the 19205 Church leaders urged alternative anti-tobacco legislation, and in 1927, Elders Richard R. Lyman and Melvin J. Ballard asked church attomey Franklin S. Richards for information on the possibility of legislation preventing the advertising of cigarettes on billboards. Even though Richards believed that the Supreme Court would declare such a law unconstitutional, the i929legislature passed one anyway. The Relief Society Magazine in May, 1929, said it hoped that the courts would uphold the law and regretted. that the Idaho legislature had not passed a similarlaw. In November, 1929, however, Judge David W. Moffatt of Utah's Third District Court ruled the billboard law unconstitutionaL 19 In spite of this legal setback, church leaders continued to preach and act against tobacco. Heber J. Grant in January, 1930, warned bishops that young men using tobacco were not to be called on missions. Ruth May Fox, President of the YWMIA, asked Monnon girls to abstain from smoking and drinking in order to "remove temptation from our husbands and brothers." At the June, 1930, MIA conference, President Grant urged. all members to "study and know the laws regulating tobacco, liquor and safety." He said that" cigarettes degenerate the brain in an uncontrollable manner." He particularly urged that girls not be allowed to smoke, because, he said, "it destroys the Godgiven power to bring forth sons and daughters into this world."20 Undoubtedly the most difficult public problem was the enforcement of state and nationwide Prohibition against those who chose to ignore the Word of Wisdom. At least twice during the 1920s the First Presidency injected itself into election campaigns to assist in defeating candidates for Salt Lake County Sheriff alleged to be lax in the enforcement of Prohibition legislation and in electing those who promised more vigorous action.P! Heber J. Grant stood dearly on the side of strict enforcement, and as pressure on prohibition enforcement mounted in the late twenties and early thirties, he assisted with church resources. On January 5, 1928, Stephen L. Richards, Milton Bennion and Heber Chase Smith of the Social Welfare and Betterment League called to discuss conditions in Salt Lake City. They told him of organized crime protected by a pliant police force, and President Grant
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01 Mormo" Thought
confided to his diary that he had lost considerable sleep over the matter. Bennion provided information on law-breaking for Deseret News editorials, and Heber J. Grant insisted in conversations with his brother B. F. Grant, the paper's business manager, that the Nnos take a strong stand in favor of prohibition enforcernent.P Some members were disturbed with the actions of the authorities in providing financial support for the League's efforts, but the church leadership continued to help. In August, 1931, the First Presidency, the Sunday School, the Relief Society and the MIA agreed to tax themselves to support League efforts. President Grant felt, however, that they could not continue "perpetually using Church funds for something that ought to be done by the Govemment."21 Though the church leadership 'continued to fight to remain dry, Utah became the thirty-sixth state to vote for repeal of the Eignteenth Amendment and thus to seal the end of Prohibition. Church leaders were not uniform in their assessment of the experiment. Heber J. Grant was very upset that Utahns had not followed his counsel to retain Prohibition. Joseph Fielding Smith said that with "all its abuses and corruption," Prohibition had nevertheless "been a boon to society and it would be a calamity of the gravest kind to repeal or modify it now." B. H. Roberts favored repeal, and Anthony W. Jvins, first counselor in the First Presidency, questioned its usefulness. He pointed out that enforcement had cost more than one-half billion dollars by 1931, with which, he thought, the country could have constructed 100,000 miles of paved road, or endowed SOOcolleges with one million dollars each.24 In addition to liquor, tobacco, tea and coffee, some members of the Church urged that the prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom ought to be broader. In March, 1917, Frederick J. Pack of the University of Utah published an article in the lmprouement Era dealing with the question, "Should LOS Drink CocaCola?" His answer was no. His argument was not that the Word of Wisdom prohibited such drinks, but that such drinks contained the same drugs as tea and coffee. 25 f Still, church members were not long in making the link between stimulants and additives on the one hand and the Word of Wisdom on the other. On October 15, 1924, representatives of the Coca-Cola Company called on President Grant to complain that non-Mormon Dr. T. B. Beatty, state Health Director, was using the church organization to assist in an attack on CocaCola. They asked President Grant to stop him, but he refused at first, saying that he himself had advised. Monnons not to drink the beverage. Beatty, however, had been claiming that there was four to five times as much caffeine in Coke as in coffee, when in fact, as the representatives showed, there were approximately 1.7 grains in a cup of coffee and approximately .43 grains or about a fourth as much in a equivalent amount of Coke. After a second meeting, President Grant said that he was "sure I have not the slightest desire to recommend that the people leave Coca-Cola alone if this amount is absolutely harmless, which they claim it is." Beatty, however, insisted that he would still recommend against its use by children. The question was left
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From Pnnclple to Reqllimnen'
J
85
unresolved, and evidence indicates that while the First Presidency has taken no official stand on the use of cola drinks, some members urge abstinence.P" In addition, some scientists and health food faddists insisted that the Word of Wisdom included much more than the church leadership generally supported. In 1930, for instance, John A. Widtsoe published a tract entitled The Word of Wisdom which interdicted the use of refined flour and foods and "all drinks containing substances that are unnaturally stimulating." On November 23, 1930, James W. Fitches and Don C. Wood called on President Grant and asked permission to use Widtsoe's tract and to get the First Presidency to invest in their "Nature Way" health food company. Grant refused, saying that many points in Widtsoe's pamphlet and in their campaign "might be criticized because the actual teachings in the Word of Wisdom would hardly justify the conclusions drawn. "27 In the latter case, it seems probable that scientific evidence on the harmful effects of certain types of food and food additives played an influential role in the attempt to broaden the coverage ot the ~ord of Wisdom. By the same token, similar scientific evidence also seems to have played an important role in the developing insistence that members abstain from tea, coffee, tobacco and liquor. What role did revelation play in the matter? It is clear that Section 89 of the DOCtrine and Covenants was given as a revelation to Joseph Smith. Advice that the members of the Church adhere to the Word of Wisdom was also undoubtedly given under inspiration. There is, however, no known contemporary evidence of which I am aware that a separate new revelation changed the Word of Wisdom from a "principle with promise" to "a commandment" necessary tor full participation in all the blessings of church membership. One author on the subject has argued that the vote in 1880 sustaining the Doctrine and Covenants as binding on church membership was equivalent to a vote making the Word of Wisdom a commandment. If, however, the members were voting on the words contained in the.book, what they did was to agree that the Word of Wisdom was "a principle with promise" not a commandment .18 It is obvious that the Twelve and First Presidency prayerfully considered the conclusion that the Word of Wisdom ought to be a binding commandment for church members. Nevertheless, the main problem in interpreting the influence of revelation in these deliberations is the absence of references to revelations or even spiritual confirmation of specific positions in the diaries of those who participated in the meetings. The only references are statements or reminiscences of statements by previous authorities. It is much easier, therefore, to find references to previous statements than to see the presence of new, specific revelation. The inclusion of coffee and tea and the exclusion of cocoa, for instance, from the prohibited substances can probably be attributed to statements of Joseph and Hyrum Smith and Brigham Young rather than to specific revelations .19 Other influences are much easier to document. Elder Grant's diary reveals the influence of Evangelical Protestant sentiment in his attitudes toward
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I
DI ....LOCUE.: .... Journal of Mormrm Thowght
liquor and tobacco. These attitudes had begun to develop in the Evangelical churches and certain sectors of the business community as early as the 18308. The nationwide temperance movement of the 18305 and the prohibition movement of the early twentieth century were linked to Evangelical attitudes.P? Utahns in general and Monnons in particular were rather late additions to the prohibition movement rather than its early leaders. The influence of the attitudes of these groups is easiest to see when one contrasts insistence on abstinence from liquor and tobacco with the rather tolerant attitude toward eating meat. Sources of political attitudes toward the Word of Wisdom are also evident. Few of the Genera] Authorities seem to have opposed the use of the state to enforce their moral code, and although some opposed the use of legal sanctions to enforce health restrictions like vaccination, Elder Grant believed in the use of state power to regulate the quality of milk and to control tuberculosis. He and many others also supported public sanctions against the use of alcohol and tobacco. The political sources of the attitudes of Reed Smoot and Joseph F. Smith in the period before 1916 are also evident. Both feared the tearing apart of the Republican Party and the possible rebirth of a new anti-Mormon party from the ashes of the old Liberal (1870-1893) and American (1904-1911) parties. By 1916, however, public sentiment was so strongly in favor of Prohibition that such fears were secondary to religious beliefs which insisted upon adherence to the Word of Wisdom. How, then, does one draw all these influences together to understand what happened during the period under consideration, and what part did revelation play? Public and private statements indicate that the Church leaders were concerned about the moral tone of the community in which they lived. In an attempt to improve the tone, they sought guidance from scriptures, from statements of earlier leaders and from the Lord as they carried on their deliberations. In addition, contemporary political and social movements like the prohibition and anti-tobacco movements seemed to offer help in solving the problems they perceived. It was thus a number of forces, religious and secular, rather than a single force which led to the current interpretation of the Word of Wisdom. The decisions made under the confluence of these forces have had an important long range effect since nothing, with the possible exception of the wearing of the temple garments, serves to distinguish Latter-day Saints from the larger community more than does observance of the Word of Wisdom. An understanding of the way in which the current interpretation of the Word of Wisdom developed is significant because it provides a case study of the usual method of revelation and hence of doctrinal and policy development in the Church. Evidence seems to suggest that change has ordinarily come about through prayerful consideration over time of contemporary problems in the context of tradition (including previous scriptures and statement), immediate conditions (including political, social, and economic problems) and alternative courses of action. Other examples of similar patterns of revelation for which we have good documentation include the decision to locate in Utah, the current Welfare Plan and even the doctrines of God and Man.:)]
ALEXANDER:
From Principle 10 Requiremenl
I 87
Thus, the student of Latter-day Saint doctrinal and policy development will paint a more detailed picture if he conceives his task more broadly than the narrow context of looking only at the scriptures and at public statements of church leaders. If 8 study of the interpretation of what the Word of Wisdom can tell us anything, it is that such change does not take place in a vacuum. NOTES 'Diary of Heber J. Gmnt, May 5, and Junr 30. 1898, lOS Church Archives~ "loumal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of latteT-day Saints" (]H). May 5, 1898, lOS Chun:n Archives, Micl'O<'Opy in 8YULibnry. See George D. Wiltt, et al. eds/o IIrrull of DiSCOIII"US, 26 Voli. (Liverpool. 1855-85), 12: 21ff. The stomdard SOUm!S on the history of the Word of Wisdom are the exeeUent studies by Paul H. Peterson. "An Historical Analysis of the Word of Wisdom" (M.A. Thesis. Brigham Young Univ.rSity, 19n),
f.rG.
]
pp.
IIIbid. and March 18, 25 and 21, 19()8. 11Oyer. "Adoption
of Prohi.bition," pp. 14-19.
1.l1bid.• pp. 10-11 and 43-4-4; Lund Journal. January 23. 20 and 27, 1909; John Henry Smith Journal, January 26, 1909 '~Joseyh F. Smith 10 C. Elmo Ouff, December 28, 1915, Jos.ph F. Smith Letterboaks, Church Alchives; Improvem,,,/ frll, March 16,1916. p. 461; ibid., April, 1917, pp. 555- 58; ibid., Novem-
• 88
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DIALOGUE'
A loJlnllll of Mormon Thought
ber, 1917, pp. 11,64; ibid., March 1919, pp. 371-80; Relief Sodety MlIgRzint, February, 1918, p. 160; April. 1919, pp. 238-39; February, 1918, p. 146; September, 1919, pp. 527, 593. I~orge F. Rlchal'ds [oumal, March 26. 1921. Information on the Temple recommend book from K. Heybron Adams, fonnerlyof the lOS Church Archives. I6LOS Churt'h. HRndbook of l1{Structions, No. 14, 192B (n.p., 1928). p. 11; idem. Handbook of Instructions, No. 15, 1934 [n.p., 1933), p. 10. '''John S. H. Smith, "Cigarette Prohibition in Utah, 1921-23," Utah HislDrial (Autumn, 1913). pp. 358-372.
Qutzrteny, 41
'''mprovlmmt f,tz, M~h, 1923, p. 472; Sep~mber. 1923, p. IOU; November, 1923, p. 145; April, 1926, p. 713; November, 1927, pp. 5-19; December, 1927, p. 109, I~rant Diary, January 21,1927; Society MIIgUjllt, May, 1929, p. 2~.
JH, Match 26. Xl, and 29, and November 24,1929; Rllit{
lDjH, January 29, April 9, and June 8, 1930; Improvemerrt
[r e,
AUgust. 1930. pp. 659-60.
2lRicha,ds Journal. November 1, 1922; G~nt Diary, November 1, 1922, October 23,29, and 30, 1930; James E. Talmage Journal, Special Conections, Brigham Young UniverSity Library, November 1. 1922; Reed Smoot Diary, ibid., November 1. 1922. March 29, 1923. October 30, 1930. '1lGrant Diary, Jan\Ulry 5. 10 and 14, 1928. J~id .• October 27 and November 17, 1930, July 17 and August 3,1931. ~·jH, October 3, and December 1,1929; June 9, and November 2B. 1930; Joumal of Anthony W. Ivins, Utah Slate Historical Society. Notes for 1931; John Kearnes, "Utah, Sexton 01 Prohi· "bition," UWt HistOriCClI QlUrterly, -47(Winter, 1979). pp. 17- lB. JSJmprovemtnl Era, March, 1971, pp. 432-35. JeGrant Diary, October 15, NovetJ1ber 11,12, and 16, 192-4;First Presidency letter of May 6, 1971. F.dgemont South Stake ~ File•. See also Lester E. Bush, [r., ed. "Mormon Medical Ethial Guidelines," Diawgtle: A /oumlll 01 Mormon Tho~ght XU (No.3), pp. 102-104, for the onJy offioaJ guidlJl('@ to date on cola drinks. ''lJohn A. Widtsoe)'The 23,1930.
Word of Wisdom." (British Mission, 1930); Grant Diuy, November
l'Roy W. Doxey, 1Ju Word of Wisdom TDUy (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 19'75), pp.13-14. l450me 01 the statements and reminiaance5 ~ cited• in Doxey, pp. 10-13 and in jo:~!'lA. WidtllOe and Leah D. Widtsoe. TIre Word of Wisdom: J\ Mode,." intnprttRtion (Salt Lake Oty: Deseret Book Com~ny, 1937), p. 28. H~ I am speaking of specific: revelatioN I'lIthcr than the type of revelation mentioned la~ in this mide. I wouJd differentiate between what might ~ termed instant and unftP«ted revelations and ~elation' derived from long and prayerful consideration of a particulaT problem under the jnspiration of the Holy Spirit. JOOrl this point see W. J. Rorabaugh. TIre Alcoholic RqJublic An Amtriam Tradilion (New York~Oxford University Press, 1979) and Paul E. Johnson. II. Shop1ct!qJtr's Milltnmllm: SOCitty lind Revivals in R()Clrt5tn'.Nt!w York, 1815-18.17 (N~ York: Hill and Wang. 1978). Joseph GusfieJd in Symbolic Cru$lld~ has argued that the prohibition movement was part of the attempt of an increasingly displaced Protestant middle class to regain status. It seems ,to me, however. that Norman auk in De/iTltT Us F,om E.JriI hu the better of the argument when he points to the 5inc~ belief that the elimination of alcohol would improve the Otorl! tone of society, and that the support for the movement w~ extTemely wideb~. It}ames B. Allen and Glen M. Leonard, Tht Story of the UlUtr-dIty Saints (Salt Lake City: DHeret Book Company, 1976). pp. 213-214; Leonard J. Arrington, FeramolZ Y. Fox, and Dean L. May, BUilding tire City Df Cod: u,mmlln;ty lind Qu,pe,,,tion Among the Mormons (Salt take City: DeKret Book Company. 1976). PI" 341-348; Thomas C. Alexander, ''The Reconstruction 01 Mannon Doctrine: From Joseph Smi.th to Prog~ive Theology." Su"stont 5 (July- August, 1980), pp.24-33.