LMS6002 TRX Calibration Using Internal RF Loopback Measured on UWCT board

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Test setup Conditions of LMS6002D TxPLL frequency 2140 MHz TxLPF 5 MHz TxVGA1 -10 dB TxVGA2 25 dB RxPLL frequency 2137 MHz TxLPF 5 MHz Active LNA LNA2 RxVGA2 30 dB RxVGA1 120 Internal RF Loopback to LNA2 path.

Digital IQ interface running at 30.72 MHz.

Internal RF Loopback to LNA 2: Register 0x08 [3-0] = ‘0010’

DFT length 7180 data samples.

DIQ Interface

PC

1MHz CW signal is generated by DIO card. Data fed to Tx DAC’s.

USB to SPI

RF Cable

Tx and Rx I/Q imbalance calibration done from PC via digital interface.

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Tx Wanted Signal

Tx LOFT + Tx DC Offset

Tx Unwanted Side Band

Rx LOFT + Rx DC Offset

Rx <-> Tx LO Leakage

Rx Unwanted Side Band

Receiver DFT spectrum with RF loopback enabled and no calibration applied

TX <-> LO leakage is because synthesizer frequencies are very close (3MHz) which is not the case in normal operation.

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Calibration procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Reset the transceiver. Enable Tx and Rx path. Set TxLPF and RX LPF to 5 MHz. Set Tx frequency to f MHz (2.14GHz in this example) Set Rx frequency to f - 3 MHz (2.137GHz in this example). Enable loopback mode on LNA #2. Set relevant Tx and Rx VGA gains: • TxVGA1 set to -10 dB. • TxVGA2 set to 25 dB. • RxVGA1 set to 120. • RxVGA2 set to 30 dB. 7. Open RXOUT switch. 8. Send 0x000 to DACs. 9. Execute Tx path and RX path auto-calibration sequence to remove DC offset. 10. Apply 1 MHz digital CW tone to DACs. 11. Tune Tx LOFT by minimizing 3 MHz signal in the Rx DFT spectrum. 12. Tune Tx IQ BB phase and gain correction values to minimize TX SSB signal at 2 MHz. 13. Enable the averaging filter in BB to minimize remaining receiver DC offset component. 14. Tune Rx IQ BB phase and gain to minimize RX SSB signal at -4 MHz. 15. Save all calibration values.

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TX LOFT level variation over DC offset cancelation voltage, measured with spectrum analyzer

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TX LOFT level variation over DC offset cancelation voltage, measured using DFT, internal RF loopback enabled

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TX LOFT level variation over DC offset cancelation voltage, measured using DFT (average (10 times) function enabled), internal RF loopback enabled

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TX LOFT calibration results After Calibration

Calibrated using DFT Average enabled

Calibrated using DFT

Calibrated using Analyzer

Before Calibration

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Spectrum Picture

LOFT Level -67 dBc

LOFT Level -59 dBc

LOFT Level -64 dBc

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Measured Tx SSB level over phase error

Red Curve Measured SSB with analyzer. Best SSB level achieved below -70 dBc Blue Curve Measured SSB via digital interface. Samples are collected with DIO card on PC. DFT length is 7180 samples. Best SSB level achieved below -55 dBc. Green Curve Measured SSB via digital interface. Samples are collected with DIO card on PC. DFT length is 7180 samples. The average function is enabled (10 times). Best SSB level achieved below -65 dBc.

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Measured Tx SSB level over gain error

Red Curve Measured SSB with analyzer. Best SSB level achieved below -70 dBc Blue Curve Measured SSB via digital interface. Samples are collected with DIO card on PC. DFT length is 7180 samples. Best SSB level achieved below -60 dBc. Green Curve Measured SSB via digital interface. Samples are collected with DIO card on PC. DFT length is 7180 samples. The average function is enabled (10 times). Best SSB level achieved below -65 dBc.

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Tx SSB calibration results After Calibration

Calibrated using DIO wit Average enabled

Calibrated using DIO card

Calibrated using Analyzer

Before Calibration

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Spectrum Picture

SSB Level -72 dBc

SSB Level -53 dBc

SSB Level -61 dBc

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RX LOFT calibration enabling averaging filter in BB.

Wanted Signal

Wanted Signal

Rx LOFT

Rx SSB

Rx SSB

Rx <-> Tx LO leakage

Before Calibration

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Rx <-> Tx LO leakage

After Calibration

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RX SSB calibration using calibration routines in BB.

Wanted Signal

Wanted Signal

Rx SSB

Rx <-> Tx LO leakage

Before Calibration

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Rx <-> Tx LO leakage

After Calibration

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Gain error correction block Software in baseband initially applies course gain variation on the I or Q channel and measures the loop back signal via the LMS6002D receiver to measure the optimum value. The example block for gain correction is shown below:

Iin

Iout

G_I

G_Q

Qin

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Qout

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Phase error correction block The baseband S/W applies a course phase multiplier on the I or Q channel and measures the loop back signal via the LMS6002D receiver to measure the optimum value. The process is then repeated using a finer control step to ascertain the optimum phase and gain offset value to be applied. The example block for gain correction is shown below:

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Conclusion Using averaged DFT improves LMS6002 calibration procedures

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Lime Microsystems Board 14 July 2008 Venue ... -

25 dB. RxPLL frequency 2137 MHz. TxLPF. 5 MHz. Active LNA. LNA2. RxVGA2. 30 dB. RxVGA1. 120. Internal RF Loopback to LNA2 path. Digital IQ interface running at. 30.72 MHz. 1MHz CW signal is generated by. DIO card. Data fed to Tx DAC's. Tx and Rx I/Q imbalance calibration done from PC via digital interface.

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