Representation of the freight transport system F. Combes, F. Leurent, Université Paris-Est Laboratoire Ville Mobilité Transport European Transport Conference 7 october 2009
Outline • 1. The four stages representation of transport systems. • 2. Some specificities of freight transport. • 3. A novel representation of the freight transport system for modelling. • 4. Some remarks about data collection.
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
2
The four stages representation. Generation Distribution Mode choice
Itinerary choice Representation of the passenger transport system in four layers. Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
3
Specificities of freight transport 1. The decision unit = the shipment The smallest bundle of freight considered as a whole in decisions pertaining to its transport
2. Decision makers: final consumers, firms, logistic providers, carriers – What do they decide? – What are their preferences ?
3. Origins and destinations: – As they are observed in classic database: inconsistent with a supply/demand framework Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
4
A representation of the freight transport system • Such a representation should distinguish: – What is exchanged on the freight transport market: door-to-door shipment transport. – The formation of freight transport demand. – The production of freight transport services.
• Some steps towards such a representation – Tavasszy (2006) and EUNET 2.0 : the logistic function of firms. – NODUS : transport technology. Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
5
An example
Production-Consumption flows (regionalised IO data) Household (final consumer)
Farmer Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
6
Shipper’s logistics Regional center Door-to-door shipment Transport services
Retail center
Household (final consumer)
Farmer Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
7
Shipper’s logistics
Household perimeter Distributor perimeter
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
8
Transport production Elementary transport operations (observed in classic databases)
Regional center
Cross-dock platform Retail center Farmer
Household (final consumer)
Farmer Farmer Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
9
Transport production Perimeter of a carrier Perimeter of a carrier
Cross-dock platform Perimeter of a household, in charge of the last transport operation
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
10
The decision unit • What is exchanged on the freight transport market : door-to-door shipment transport operations
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
11
Freight transport supply • Carriers produce freight transport operations. • A door-to-door transport operation very often combines transshipments, in particular for the final market. • Many inputs of freight carriers are indivisible: – Economies of scale – Economies of scope (consolidation)
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
12
Freight transport supply Decision.
Representation
Shipment transport.
Observable. Shipments door-to-door transport.
Logistics of carriers. Elementary transport operations.
Traffic.
Location of warehouses, platforms, etc.
Industrial land use
Figure 3 : Representation of the freight transport supply. Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
13
Freight transport demand • Shippers consume freight transport operations. • Logistic of shippers: « The art and manner to provide a given commodity at the right time, right place, at the lowest cost and with the best quality » Definition from ASLOG, French Association for Logistics
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
14
Freight transport demand Cost
Logistic cost
Customer dissatisfaction
Availability
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
15
Freight transport demand Decision
Representation
Location of production facilities Supply decisions
Observation. Industrial land use. Consumptionproduction flows
Logistics of shippers Logistic network design
Commodity flows
Shipment sending
Shipments door-to-door transport.
Figure 4 : Representation of the freight transport demand. Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
16
Formation of freight transport demand.
The freight transport system Location of production facilities Production-consumption flows Logistics of shippers Logistic network Shipments door-to-door transport
Elementary transport operations Location of transport facilities Transport infrastructures Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
Formation of freight transport supply
Logistics of carriers
17
Observing the formation of the freight transport supply Location of production facilities Production-consumption flows Logistics of shippers Logistic network Shipments door-to-door transport Logistics of carriers
ECHO shipment database
Elementary transport operations Location of transport facilities Transport infrastructures Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
18
Observing the formation of the freight transport supply : the ECHO survey • Description of the shipper-receiver interaction – Amount of commodities sent yearly by the shipper to the receiver
• Description of the transport operation: – Shipment characteristics – Each stage of the transport operation
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
19
Conclusion • Some modelling issues are specific to freight transport. • Introduction of a systemic representation. • Clarification of the roles of shippers and carriers • Observation of the freight transport system through data collections.
Freight transport systems analysis, F. Combes, F. Leurent, UPE, ETC 2009
20
