08/01/2015

城镇化与社会生态系统 ——浅谈生态城镇化评估管理系统(EAM)

Professor/Dr. Huhua Cao 教授/博导 Department of Geography 地理系 School of International Development and Global Studies 国际发展与研究系 University of Ottawa 加拿大渥太华大学 [email protected]

香山论坛第六讲:新型城镇化与生态文明 厦门大学,2014年3月31日

Outline • 快速发展的中国城镇化 • 中国城镇化:喜忧参半 • 新型城镇化 • 社会生态系统评估与管理 • 生态城镇化  绿色方式出行  弱势群体权益保障

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快速发展的中国城镇化 中国城镇化率(1949-2013) 60

城镇化率突破50%

据预测,中国未来城镇化率

• 2020年:60.00% • 2049年:75.00%

50

40

加入WTO

30

20

10

1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

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中国城镇化 1

有得有失的中国城镇化:显著的环境问题 如火如荼的城市建设

过度的膨胀的人口

拥堵的交通

水资源污染与短缺 城市大气污染加剧 城市土地资源匮乏

中国城镇化 2

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有得有失的中国城镇化:尖锐的社会矛盾 • 身份歧视 • 社会服务不公 • 收入分配不公 “强拆”恶性事件

• “城中村” • 农民工社会保障缺失 • 土地征用恶性事件 破落的城中村

农民工子女教育落后

中国城镇化 3

新型城镇化 新型城镇化“以人为核心”,强调资源集约利用、生态宜居格局、智慧城乡管 理、低碳消费模式的城镇化,是大中小城市、小城镇、新型农村社区协调发展、 互促共进的城镇化。”

以城市群为主体形态

以人口城镇化为核心

以体制机制创新为保障

以综合承载能力为支撑 图片来源:凤凰网

中国城镇化 4

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社会生态系统评估与管理(EAM) Eco-system Assessment & Management

Sustainability

Natural

Ecosystem

Study Area

Environment Economic Development Governance

Human

Community Participation & Benefit Social Harmony

Information/Digital Technology Geo-spatial Technology EAM 1

EAM的特性 • EAM将一个研究区域看作一个完整的生态系统,突出“人文关怀”思 想,强调社会经济文化因素与自然因素相耦合形成的社会生态系统在 理解城市区域发展中的重要作用。 • EAM旨在采用信息技术,特别是地理空间分析技术来构建一个以特定 区域空间数据库为基础的实时信息管理及决策系统,并将其应用于城 市区域的发展与环境的修复。 • 研究区域当地居民的参与及对发展的意见是EAM进行决策的重要依据 之一。

EAM 2

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EAM理念

(ER) Eco-Risk

(EA) EcoAssessment

(EM) EcoManagement

(EAM) EcoAssessment & Management

(EEWS) Eco- Early Warning System

EAM 3

EAM的多样性 Eco-city Ecopolitics

Ecotourism

Ecoagriculture

EcoEAM

Ecocommunity

Eco-ethnic

Eco-health Ecocoastal

EAM 4

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EAM的发展与演变

1st EAM Conference

2nd EAM Conference

3rd EAM Conference 2013

2010

2006

Practice Theory Idea

EAM 5

Case: Eco-Urban Beijing Urban Landscape Transformation Patterns and Process 城市景观及发展模式的演变

Ph.D. Research of Dr. Ruibo Han (University of Ottawa)

• City: Beijing (1990-2000) • Objective: to answer questions about how patterns of human and biophysical responses emerge from the interactions between human and biophysical processes of cities and how these patterns in turn affect the formation of urban landscape. • 研究目标:总结概括自然和人文过程相互影响对城市景观的作用

城市生态案例:北京 1

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Conceptual Model of Beijing as an Urban System 城市生态案例:北京 2

Administrative Division of Beijing 城市生态案例:北京 3

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Flowchart of the Methodology

城市生态案例:北京 4

Factor 1 Tertiary industry workers Factor 2 Secondary industry workers Factor 3 Large families Factor 4 Aged population living alone Factor 5 Unemployed

Social Space of Beijing, 1990

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Factor 1 Highly-educated with better jobs Factor 2 Temporary population in poor living environment Factor 3 Population with high mobility Factor 4 Ethnic minorities Factor 5 People with public administration jobs Factor 6 Secondary industrial workers owing properties

Social Space of Beijing, 2000

Zoning maps of the study area 城市生态案例:北京 7

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The PLAND (Percentage of Landscape) Metric over Time and Space

Framework of EAM: from Concept to Practice

The NUP (Number of Urban Patches) Metric over Time and Space

GWR results for PLAND and LSI, 1990 and 2000

PLAND Variable ResidualSquares AICc R2

1990 22730.74 1980.21 0.93

2000 31946.72 2136.90 0.89

LSI 1990 7056.07 1651.12 0.80

2000 1506.30 1318.84 0.85

城市生态案例:北京 9

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Coefficient of PLAND and GWR Model, 1990

城市生态案例:北京 10

Coefficient of PLAND and GWR Model, 2000

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生态城镇化评估管理系统(EAM) Eco-Urbanization Assessment & Management

• 生态城镇化评估管理系统是将城镇化过程中自然因素与人文因素相结 合,通过对城镇化动态进程中的效率、生态环境效应以及对人类福祉 的贡献等和阶段性静态城镇化格局进行评估,为区域经济增长、减少 贫困、改善公平状况、提高环境质量等提供决策依据。 • 生态城镇化评估管理系统强调城镇化过程中的人文关怀,并注重结合 当地实际和公众参与。

生态城镇化的评估管理 1

生态城镇化的概念模型

目标 生态城镇化

土地利用变化 土地覆盖变化 物种变化 自然物理生物驱 动 ……

维持高质量生活的基本物质需求 足够的生计之路 充足的营养食物 安全的住所 商品获取

社会经济驱动因子

自然环境驱动因子

人类(居民)福祉

人口 经济 社会政治 科学与技术 文化与宗教 ……

健康 体力充沛 精神舒畅 呼吸清新空气和饮用洁净水 良好的社会关系 社会凝聚力 互相尊重 帮助别人的能力 安全 人身完全 资源安全 免予灾难 选择与行动的自由 能够公平地获得个人认为有价值的 生活的机会

生态城镇化的评估管理 2

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生态城镇化与“生态友好型”城镇化 Eco-Urbanization vs. Eco-Friendly Urbanization

Dynamic /static 生态城镇化 生态友好型 城镇化

Concerns

Focus

不仅关注生态环境, 注重城镇化带来的 关注城镇化动态过 而且将人文关怀理念 人类(居民)福祉, 程和静态结果 贯穿其中 贯穿人文理念 更加关注城镇化 动态过程

更加关注生态环境

更加关注生态友好 的物理结构变化

生态城市的评估管理 3

从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 出行方式变迁 昨天

今天

明天… 从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 1

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从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 提倡绿色出行方式

完善停放设施

Source: www.skyscrapercity.com

合理规划自行车专用线 Source: www.voleospeed.com

“Building a city where cycling can be seen as daily Transport Mode” 从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 2

从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 提倡绿色出行方式

美国“去小汽车化” 从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 3

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从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 保障城市弱势群体权益 “倾听他们的声音”

中国“血房”地图

VS.

中国式强拆

群众参与社区建设

E-participation/PPGIS 基于电子信息的公众参与

PPGIS=Public Participatory Geographical Information System

从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 4

Click View then Header and Footer to change this footer

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http://www.chinaeam.uottawa.ca/ppgis.html

从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 保障城市弱势群体权益 “让每一个打工子弟都能接受教育”

我们在努力

铺路石青少年发展中心 http://steppingstoneschina.net/

让每一个人的梦想 都能在城市中起航!

从“城市病”到“宜居城市” 5

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08/01/2015

谢谢! Merci! Thank you!

感谢渥太华大学张丽琴博士以及刘紫葳在该报告准备过程中提供的帮助!

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Neo-urbanization and EAM.pdf

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