The Probability of Compound Events More than one event happening!

When two events cannot happen at the same time, they are  considered mutually exclusive events.

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) Example:   You have a die and are asked the probability of rolling a 1 or  a 2.  Since only one of those numbers will come up when  the die is rolled, these events are mutually exclusive.  

P(1 or 2) = P(1) + P(2) P(1 or 2) =   1   +   1   6  6 P(1 or 2) =   2  =  1   6  3 You decide!  Are these events mutually exclusive?

a)   The probability of rolling a 4 or 8 on a 10 sided die. b)   The probability of rolling two dice at the same time and     the sum of the numbers equal to 7. c)   The probability of rolling a 5 or an odd number on a 10  sided die.

1

The last two situations are examples of events that are  mutually inclusive.  This means that two events can happen  at the same time.

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) ­ P(A and B) Example: What is the probability of rolling a 5 or an odd number on a  10 sided die?

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) ­ P(A and B) P(5 or odd) = P(5) + P(odd) ­ P(5 and odd)

    +    5    ­   1  P(5 or odd) =   1  10 10 10 P(5 or odd) =  5  10 We do this because the number 5  is included in both P(5) and P(odd)

2

Try on your own! First determine whether the events are mutually exclusive or  inclusive and then find the probability.

a)   Find the probability of pulling out a jack or a king from a  standard deck of cards.

b)   Find the probability of pulling out a jack or a spade from a  standard deck of cards.

c)   Find the probability of rolling an 4 or an even number on a  fair numbered cube (a.k.a. "die") 

3

Conditional Probability Example:   A math teacher gave his class two tests.  25% of the  class passed both tests and 42% of the class passed the  first test.  What percent of the those who passed the first  test also passed the second test?

The conditional probability of an event B is the probability  that the event will occur given the knowledge or "condition"  that event A has already occurred. given

P(B A) = P(A and B) P(A) To solve the example above: P(B A) = P(A and B)   P(A)

P(Second First) = P(First and Second)         P(First)

P(Second First) =  .25  = 0.60 = 60%  .42

P(A)

42%

    P(B)

25%

P(A and B) 4

Your turn! Find the conditional probability for the following: a) In the State of Colorado, 48% of all teenagers own a  skateboard and 39% of all teenagers own a skateboard  and roller blades. What is the probability that a teenager  owns roller blades given that the teenager owns a  skateboard?  P(Roller Blades|Skateboard) = P(SB and RB) = 0.39 = 0.8125 = 81.25%    0.48    P(SB)         

b) In the United States, 56% of all children get an  allowance and 41% of all children get an allowance and  do household chores. What is the probability that a child  does household chores given that the child gets an  allowance? P(Chores|Allowance) = P(Allow and Chores) = 0.41 = 0.73215 = 73%   P(Allow)                 0.56 

c) At RVHS, 5% of all students take Engineering and  Spanish. 6.25% of all students take Engineering. What is  the probability that a student takes Spanish given that the  student is taking Engineering?  P(Span|Eng) = P(Eng and Span) =   0.05    = 0.80 = 80%        P(Eng)    0.0625

5

Two­Way Tables Left­Eyed and Right eyed­ness When you pick up a pencil or pen and write, what hand do  you typically use?

People are also left­eye dominant or right­eye dominant.  Which one are you? Here’s how to find out:

Hold your hands in front of you at arms length and make a  triangle with your hands. Find an object about 10­15 feet  away. Make a space to look through. Now, close your right  eye. Can you still see it? If so, then you are left­eye  dominant. If you can’t see the object, open your right eye  and close your left eye. Can you see it? If so, then you are  right­eye dominant.  Place a tally mark in the appropriate  boxes below.

Left Handed    Right Handed Left Eyed

Right Eyed

a) Which is more likely: Being left­eyed or being left­ handed?

b) Are left­handed students more likely, less likely or  equally likely to be left­eyed than right handed  students?

c) Are left­handed people more likely or less likely to  have matching hand/eye dominance than right­handed people? 6

Notes 17- Compound, conditional probability.pdf

fair numbered cube (a.k.a. "die"). Page 3 of 6. Notes 17- Compound, conditional probability.pdf. Notes 17- Compound, conditional probability.pdf. Open. Extract.

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