TREBALL: EL VIATGE DE L'APOLLO 13

FÍSICA I QUÍMICA ESO4

UNITAT 4: GRAVITACIÓ

2

3. CÀLCULS Per a tots els càlculs, al final del document hi tens el valor de les dades necessàries Recorda que cal treballar dins les fórmules amb unitats SI

1. La nau de la missió Apollo 13, en un moment donat, fa la volta a la Lluna a 130 km d'altura respecte la superfície de la Lluna. Calcula el temps que trigaria una nau a fer la volta complerta a la Lluna si orbités (orbitar la Lluna vol dir donar voltes al voltant de la Lluna) a la mateixa altura que la nau de l'Apollo 13. Per fer el càlcul que es demana, cal utilitzar l'expressió:

4· π ·r 3 T= G ·mL On: Τ = període orbital, és a dir, temps que triga una nau a donar la volta complerta a la Lluna (unitats: s) π = nombre pi r = distància des del centre de a Lluna al punt on hi ha la nau (radi de la Lluna + altura a la qual es troba la nau des de la superfície de la Lluna) (unitats: m) G = constant de gravitació universal mL = massa de la Lluna (unitats: kg)

TREBALL: EL VIATGE DE L'APOLLO 13

FÍSICA I QUÍMICA ESO4

UNITAT 4: GRAVITACIÓ

3

2. Calcula la gravetat a la superfície de la LLuna. Per fer el càlcul que es demana, cal utilitzar l'expressió:

g = G·

mL rL2

On:

g = gravetat (unitats: m/s2) G = constant de gravitació universal mL = massa de la Lluna (unitats: kg) rL = radi de la Lluna (unitats: m)

3. Calcula la massa de la Terra. Per fer el càlcul que es demana, cal utilitzar l'expressió:

MT =

4· π 2 ·rTL3 G ·TL2

On: MT = massa de la Terra (unitats: kg) π = nombre pi rTL = distància Terra - Lluna (unitats: m) G = constant de gravitació universal TL = període orbital llunar; temps que triga la Lluna en donar una volta sencera a la Terra (unitats: s)

TREBALL: EL VIATGE DE L'APOLLO 13

FÍSICA I QUÍMICA ESO4

UNITAT 4: GRAVITACIÓ

4

4. Calcula la densitat mitjana de la Terra. Per fer el càlcul que es demana, cal utilitzar l'expressió:

d=

MT VT

On: d = densitat de la Terra (unitats: kg/m3) MT = massa de la Terra (unitats: kg) VT = volum de la Terra; cal considerar la Terra com si fos una esfera (unitats: m3)

5. Calcula l'error relatiu realitzat en el càlcul de la densitat mitjana de la Terra. Per fer el càlcul que es demana, cal utilitzar l'expressió:

Er =

Ea  · 100 Vr

On: Er = Error relatiu (unitats: %) Ea = Error absolut, és a dir diferència entre la densitat calculada i la real (unitats: kg/m3); Vr = Valor real, és a dir densitat real (unitats: kg/m3)

TREBALL: EL VIATGE DE L'APOLLO 13

FÍSICA I QUÍMICA ESO4

UNITAT 4: GRAVITACIÓ

5

Dades π = nombre pi rL = radi de la Lluna G = constant de gravitació universal mL = massa de la Lluna rTL = distància Terra-LLuna TL = període orbital llunar MT = massa de la Terra rT = radi de la Terra Volum d'una esfera Densitat mitjana de la Terra (real)

3,1416 1731 km 6,67·10-11 N·m2·kg-2 7,35·1022 kg 384403 km 27,32 dies terrestres 6·1024 kg 6370 km

4 V = · π ·r 3 3

5,515 g·cm-3

PART 2.pdf

r = distància des del centre de a Lluna al punt on hi ha la nau (radi de la Lluna + altura a la qual es troba la. nau des de la superfície de la Lluna) (unitats: m).

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