ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³ tUm. ]n. ]n. tPmbn, AtÊmÊntbäv t{]m^kÀ & slUv, ss]\m¸nÄ dntkÀ¨v tÌj³, hmgçfw, aphmäp]pg, t^m¬: 0485-2260832, samss_Â: 9446010905, CusabnÂ:
[email protected], sh_vsskäv: http://prsvkm.kau.in
‘kzÀ¤ob ]gw’ F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-dpÅ ss]\m-¸nÄ BIr-Xn-bnepw cpNn-bnepw aW¯nepw hf-sc-b-[nIw {]tXy-I-X-IÄ DÅ Hcp ^e-hÀ¤-am-Wv. ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-−nsâ Bcw-`-t¯msS-bmWv ss]\m-¸nÄ C´y-bn F¯n-b-Xv. C¡m-e¯v ChnsS I¨-h-S-¯n-s\-¯nb t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kpIm-cmWv ss]\m-¸nÄ ChnsS sIm−p-h-¶-Xv. "s{ºmanentbko' æSpw_¯nepÅ ss]\m¸nfnsâ imkv{X \maw A\m\mkv tImtamkkv F¶mWv. {]mbt`Zas\y Ghêw ss]\m¸nÄ Cãs¸Sp¶p. hfsc {]m[m\yaÀlnç¶ Cu ^ew A§s\ Xs¶tbm Asæn kwkvIcn¨ cq]¯ntem Cì hn]Wnbn e`yamé. aëjyicoc¯n\mhiyamb H«\h[n t]mjI§Ä CXn [mcmfambn I−phêì. CXn ImÂkyw, s]m«mkyw, \mêIÄ, PohIw kn F¶nhbp−v. CXnepÅ s{_masse³ F¶ F³sskw Zl\{]{Inbsb Dt¯Pn¸nçIbpw icoc¯nse hnhn[ tISp]mSpIsf \o¡n kZm Dt·jw \ÂæIbpw sN¿pì. ]mIamb ss]\m¸nfnsâ \oÀv icoc¯në hfsc t]mjIKpWtaæ¶ \à Hê ioXf]m\obamWv. imcocnImtcmKyw sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn ss]\m¸nÄ hfsc henb ]è hlnçì−v. icoc¯nsâ t]mjW¯nëw tcmK{]Xntcm[ tijnçw BtcmKyw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xnëw ss]\m¸nfnse [mXpehW§fpw hnämanëIfpw klmbnçì. F¶m Cu ^e¯nsâ AtcmKyaqey§sfçdn¨v AdnhnÃm¯ \mw CXv th−hn[w D]tbmKnç¶Xn XmÂ]cyw ImWnç¶nÃ. XXv^eambn ss]\m¸nÄ F¶ Cu a[pc¡\nbn \nìw e`nç¶ \nch[n t]mjILSI§Ä DZv]mZIcmb \ap¡v A\yamæìthm? 2011-12 se IW¡ëkcn¨v tIcf¯n GXm−vv 8932 slÎÀ Øe¯v ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn sN¿pì. 82336 S¬ hmÀjnI DÂ]mZ\hpw D−v. DÂ]mZ\£aX 9.22 S¬/slÎÀ Bé.vv tIcf¯nse A\h[nbmb ImÀjnI {]XnkÔnIÄ aqew ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbpw DÂ]mZ\hpw hÀjwtXmdpw KWyambn ædªp hêì. kwØm\¯v DS\ofw Irjnbps−¦nepw hmgçfw, aqhmäp]pg {]tZi§fpsS Npäpambn FdWmæfw, tIm«bw, CSp¡n PnÃIfnembn GXm−v 85%hpw tI{µnIcn¨ncnçì. C\§Ä I}, I}³, audnjykv F¶n§s\ aq¶v C\§fmWv Irjn¡v AëtbmPyambn«pÅXv (Nn{Xw 1, ]«nI 1). CXn I}ëw, audnjykpw, {^jv {^q«mbn«pw, I} Im\nwKnëambmWv D]tbmKnç¶Xv. IqSmsX, AarX F¶ ]pXnb C\hpw ImÀjnI kÀÆIemimebn \nì Irjn¡mbn ip]mÀi sNbvXn«p−v. temI It¼mf¯n Gähpw {]kn²amb Im\nwKnëw, IbäpaXnçw tbmPn¨ FwUn--2 F¶ C\hpw ChnsS IrjnsN¿mw. F¶m ædªImew sIm−v IqSpX BZmbw In«psaìÅXp sIm−v, C¶v an¡hmdpw audnjykv C\w am{XamWv h³ tXmXn Irjn sN¿p¶Xpw, hn]W\w \S¯p¶Xpw. hmgçfw ss]\m¸nÄ F¶ t]cn CXn\v `qkqNnI cPnkvt{Sj³ e`n¨XpsIm−v CXnsâ IbäpaXn {]m[m\yw hÀ²nçIbpw sNbvXn«p−vv.
1. ss]\m¸nÄ C\§Ä
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
2
]«nI 1. ss]\m¸nÄ C\§fpsS {]tXyIXIÄ C\§Ä I| 18 amkw hnfshSp¸v Imew apÅnÃm¯ sNSnbpsS CeIÄ {]tXyIXIÄ N¡bpsS {]tXyIXIÄ Hmh BIrXn `mcw (In.{Kmw.) 1.5 --- 2.5 Cfw aª amwkf `mK¯nsâ \ndw A¾X (%) 0.5 - -1.0 än Fkv. Fkv. 12 - -16 (0 {_nIvkv) hnäman³ kn. 30 - -40 (anÃn.{Kmw/100 {Kmw ]n.F¨v. 3 - -5 ]©kmc (%) 25 - -35
audnjykv 12 amkw aptÅmSp IqSnb CeIÄ
AarX 12 amkw aptÅmSp IqSnb CeIÄ
Fw.Un.--2 12 amkw apÅnÃm¯ CeIÄ
tImWn¡Â 1.5 -- 2.0 kphÀ® aª
knen−À 1.5 -- 2.0 Cfw aª
knen−À 1.5 -- 2.0 Cfw aª
0.5-- - 0.7 14 - 1- 6
0.5-- - 0.7 12 - -16
0.4 - -0.5 15 - -17
30 - -40
40 - -50
40-- - 60
3 - -4 30 - -40
3- - 5 25-- - 35
3- - 4 30-- - 40
a®pw ImemhØbpw \Ã\oÀhmÀ¨bpÅXpw, AÂ]w A¾Xbpw, \à ssPhhfIqdpÅXpamb aW IeÀ¶ a®mWv D¯aw. shÅs¡«pÅ Øew \ÃXÃ. kap{Z\nc¸n \nìw, 1,500 aoäÀ Dbc¯n hsc ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn sN¿mw. 15þ30 Un{Kn skÂjykv BWv AëtbmPyamb Dujva\ne. 500þ2500 anÃn aoäÀ agbmWv AëtbmPyw. \à hnfhn\v kqcy{]Imiw hfsc AXymhiyamWv. \new Hê¡epw \Soepw agsb B{ibn¨pÅ {][m\ \So kab§Ä G{]nÂþsabpw, HmKÌvþsk]väw_dpw BWv. PetkN\ kuIcyaps−¦n Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw \Smw. F¦nepw Pq¬þPqssese AXnhrãn kabw \Soen\v ]änbXÃ. aetbmc§fn X\nhnfbmbpw, dºÀ, sX§v tXm«§fn s\¸mS§fn \oÀNmepIÄ \ÂInbpw ss]\m¸nÄ IrjnsN¿mw (Nn{Xw 2).
CShnfbmbpw,
2. ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn coXnIÄ Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
3
ImehÀj¯n\p ap¼mbn In«p¶ Ht¶m ct−m agtbmSp IqSn IrjnØew \¶mbn DgpXp adn¡pI. \oÀNmepIÄ \ÂInbpw hmcsaSp¯pw \Ã\oÀhmÀ¨ Dd¸phê¯mhp¶XmWv. aetbmc§fn tIm−qÀ sseëIfn hmcsaSp¡mhp¶XmWv. s\¸mS§fn Bg¯n \oÀ¨mepIsfSp¯v hmc¯n ss]\m¸nÄ \Smw. sNSnbpsS Nph«n \n¶v s]m«n Xg¨p hê¶ IìIfpw, N¡bpsS ASnbn \n¶v hê¶ Én]pIfpw, N¡bpsS apIfnepÅ aæShpw, X−v apdn¨v apf¸n¨hbpw, Snj| IĨÀ ssXIfpw \Sm³ D]tbmKnímsa¦nepw Nph«n \nìw hê¶ IìIÄ AYhm Im\nIÄ Gähpw t\ct¯ Imbv^ew Xêw FìÅXpsIm−v ChbmWv km[mcWbmbn \Sp¶Xv (Nn{Xw 3). IoStcmK§fnÃm¯ \à Iê¯pÅ H¶mw hÀjs¯ Im\nIÄ \Sphm³ sXcsªSpt¡−Xmév. \SphmëÅ Im\nIÄ AhbpsS hep¸w Aëkcn¨v hepXv, CS¯cw, sNdpXv F¶n§s\ Xcw Xncn¨v \Sp¶XmWv Gähpw D¯aw. Im\nIÄ Hì c−mgv¨ XWen C«v ]mIw hê¯nb tijamWv \Sm³ D]tbmKnç¶Xv. c−p hcnbmbn«mWv IìIÄ \tS−Xv. 10cm Bg¯n \SWw. \Spt¼mÄ Iq¼nepw, CeIÄ¡nSbnepw, a®v hogmsX kq£n¡Ww. c−phcnIfnembn Im\nIÄ {XntImW coXnbnemWv \tS−Xv.
3. ss]\m¸nÄ \So hkvXp¡Ä
hnhn[ coXnIfn Im\nIÄ \Spt¼mÄ hcnbn Im\nIÄ X½nepw, hcnIÄ X½nepw, Cuc−v hcnIÄ X½nepÅ AIehpw CXn\mbn Hê slÎdnte¡v th−Im\nIfpsS F®hpw C\n ]dbpì. X\nhnfbmbn Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ 30 x 45 x 90 cm AIe¯n \Sm³ GXm−v 40,000 Im\nIÄ thWw. dºÀ, sX§v tXm«§fn CShnfbmbn Irjn sN¿m³ 30 x 45 x 150 cm AIe¯n \Spt¼mÄ GXm−v 20,000-25,000 Im\nIÄ thWw. s\ hbepIfn NmepIÄ Iodn hmcsaSp¯v \Spt¼mÄ 30 x 45 x 150 cm AIe¯n GXm−v 25,000-30,000 Im\nIÄ th−nhêw. dºÀ tXm«§fn CShnfbmbn Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ dºÀ X¿n \nì 1.50m AIe¯n Im\nIÄ \SWw. hf{]tbmKw hf{]tbmK¯nt\mSv \¶mbn {]XnIcnç¶ hnfbmWv ss]\m¸nÄ. \nesamêçt¼mÄ Hê slÎdn\v 25 S¬ F¶ tXmXn NmWItam, It¼mtÌm 10 S¬ shÀanIt¼mtÌm \Spt¼mÄ tNÀ¯v sImSp¡Ww (]«nI 2). IqSmsX cmkhf§Ä Im\n H¶n\v F³:]n:sI: 8:4:8: {Kmw F¶ tXmXn Htcm hÀjhpw \ÂIWw (Nn{Xw 4). X\n hnfív Hê slÎdn 40,000 Im\nIÄ¡v 320:160:320 Intem{Kmw F³:]n:sI th−nhêw. `mhlw (P) ASnhfambpw, ]mIyP\Iw (N), Ivjmcw (K) F¶nh ta hfambpw a®n\v \\hpÅt¸mÄ aqt¶m \mtem XpeyXhWIfmbn \ÂImw. th\¡me¯v 2% bqdnbmbpw, 1.5% s]m«mjpw tNÀ¶ emb\n Xfn¨p sImSpçItbm, Im\n H¶n\v 40 anÃo enäÀ F¶ tXmXn Hgn¨p sImSpçItbm sN¿mw. Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
4
]«nI 2. ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse hf{]tbmK{Iaw (slÎdn\v) hnf
Im\nIfpsS F®w
X\nhnf CShnf s\Â hbenÂ
\Spt¼mÄ ASnhfw It¼mÌv + cmPvt^mkv
40,000 25,000
40 S¬ + 800 In. {Kmw 25 S¬ + 500 In. {Kmw
taÂhfw (tabv-- Pp¬; HmKÌv-sk]väw_À; \hw_À--Unkw_À) bpdnb + s]m«mjv HmtcmXhWbpw 232 + 178 In. {Kmw 145 + 111 In. {Kmw
30,000
30 S¬ + 600 In. {Kmw
174 + 134 In. {Kmw
4. hf{]tbmKw
5. X−v s]m«Â
AanXambpw ss]\m¸nÄ ]pjv]nç¶ kab¯pw hf{]tbmKw AêXv. AXv X−v s]m«en\vv CSbmçw (Nn{Xw 5). FYnt^m¬ {]tbmK¯n\p tijapÅ c−v amkw HgnsIbpÅ kab§fn c−v amkw CShn«v a®n \\hpÅt¸mÄ hf{]tbmKw taÂ]dªIW¡n \S¯mw. Im\n H¶n\v \Spt¼mÄ ASnhfambn Hê In. {Kmw NmWIhpw (It¼mÌpw) 20 {Kmw cmPvt^mkpw \ÂImw; taÂhfambn 6 {Kmw bqdnbmbpw 4.5 {Kmw s]m«mjpw hoXw sabv -Pq¬, HmKÌv-sk]väw_À, \hw_À-Unkw_À amk§fnepw a®n \\hpÅt¸mÄ \ÂIn a®vW¨p sImSp¡mw. PetkN\w th\¡me¯v aq¶v BgvNIqSpt¼mÄ \\¨psImSpç¶Xv IqSpX hen¸apÅ N¡IÄ D−mIm³ klmbnçw. tlmkv D]tbmKnt¨m, kv{]nwKvfÀ D]tbmKnt¨m PetkN\amImw. If\nb{´Ww ss]\m¸nÄ IyjnbnS§fn k[mcW ImWmdpÅ IfIfÄ XdpXmhÂ, sXm«mhmSn, B\s¯m«mhmSn, Atacn¡³ hÅn, IayqWnkväv ]¨, \dp\o−n, ]mÀhÅn, IogmÀs\Ãn, ]qhmwIpcp¶ne, s]cnIew, HSnb³]¨, th\Â]¨, hmg¡f, A¸, \oÀ{Km¼q, apbÂsNhnb³, IÃpcp¡n, Im«pISpIv, sImgp¸, ]mS¯mfn, Im¡¸q, ]SÀ¸³ ]pÃv, IdpI]pÃv, IÀ¡nSI]pÃv, ap¯§ F¶nhbWv (Nn{Xw 6).
Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
Atacn¡³ hÅn
5
]mÀhÅn
XdpXmh 6. ss]\m¸nfnse IfIÄ
IfIsf apfbnse Xs¶ \nb{´n¨nsæn Ah ssIXsNSnbpsS apIfnte¡v hfÀ¶pIbdn ssIXIsf aqSphm³ km[yXbp−v. ssIX¡v e`nt¡− hfhpw shffhpw IfIÄ hens¨Sp¡p¶Xn\mepw, apIfnte¡v hfcp¶ IfIÄ kqcy{]Imis¯ XSbp¶Xn\mepw ssIsXs¨SnIfpsS hfÀ¨ IpdbpIbpw hnfhns\ kmcambn _m[n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. ap¯§bpw IdpIbpw a®n\Snbn ImÞ§fpÅ IfIfmbXn\m \nb{´n¡phm³ Ffp¸aÃ. If\nb{´W amÀ¤§Ä Iyjn XpS§p¶Xn\p ap¼v, ]d¼v DgpXv/Inf¨v IfIsfbpw AhbpsS ImÞ§sfbpw \in¸n¡Ww. ssIXs¨SnIÄ hfÀ¯p¶ c−p hcnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kvYe¯p−mIp¶ IfIsf Xq¼ sIm−v sN¯ntbm AcnhmÄ sIm−v hointbm \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv (Nn{Xw 7). F¶m sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw IqSnb Iqenbpw ImcWw Cu coXn {]mtbmKnIaÃ. IfIÄ ]dns¨Sp¯v a®v æSªpIfªv ssIX¡v ]pXbmbn D]tbmKn¨m ISp¯th\en \nìw kqcymLmX¯n \nìw c£n¡mw. ]£nIÄ N¡ sIm¯pIbpanÃ. ssIX \«bpSs\ ssIXbpsS hcnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kvYe¯v ]bÀ, NW¼v XpS§nb ]¨ne sNSnIÄ hfÀ¯nbm Ifieyw Ipdbpw. ]qhn«p XpS§pt¼mÄ Cu sNSnIÄ ]dns¨Sp¯v ssIX¡v hfamtbm ]pXbmtbm D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. IfIsf apdn¡p¶ b{´w (Weed cutter) D]tbmKn¨v apdn¨p Ifbp¶ coXn ASp¯ Ime¯v {]Nmcw e`n¨p hcp¶p−v. Bhiysa¦n am{Xw If\min\n D]tbmKn¨pÅ If\nb{´Ww.
Xq¼ sIm−v sN¯Â
AcnhmÄ sIm−v hoiÂ
IfIsf apdn¡p¶ b{´w
7. ss]\m¸nfnse If\nb{´W amÀ¤§Ä
Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
6
If\min\n D]tbmKn¨pÅ If\nb{´Ww ssIXsNSnbnepÅ apÅpIÄ aqew IfIÄ ]dn¨pamäp¶Xv Gähpw {iaIcamWv. sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw Iqen hÀ²\hpw aqew {]mtbmKnI amÀ¤w If\min\n D]tbmKnçIbmWv (Nn{Xw 8).
IfIÄ apf¡p¶Xv XSbp¶ If\min\n {]tbmKw
ssUbqtdm¬ Xfn¨Xv 3 amk¯në tijw
apf¨ IfIsf \in¸n¡p¶ If\min\n {]tbmKw
8. ss]\m¸nfnse If\min\n {]tbmK§Ä IfIÄ apf¡p¶Xv XSbp¶ If\min\nIÄ ssUbqtdm¬ F¶ If\min\n ¢mÊv, ImÀsaIvkv, ssUbqsdIvkv F¶o t]cpIfn e`n¡p¶p. ssIXsNSnIÄ¡v Hcp tISpw hcp¯msX 4---5 amkw hsc IfIsf \nb{´n¡phm³ CXn\p km[n¡pw. sNSnbpsS apIfn ]Scp¶ IfIsf \in¸n¡phm\pw CXn\p km[n¡dp−v. IfIÄ apfímXncn¡m³ th−n 3 In. {Kmw ssUbqtdm¬ (¢mÊv) 600 enäÀ shůn Ie¡n Hê slÎdn Xfn¡Ww. ho−pw, IfIÄ apfípIbmsW¦n CXnsâ ]æXn Afhn Hì IqSn Xfn¨m aXnbmæw. ssUbqtdmWn\v ]Icambn D]tbmKn¡phm³ ]änb Hcp If\min\nbmWv HmIvkn^vfqÀs^³. tKmÄ, HmIvkntKmÄUv F¶o t]cpIfn CXp e`n¡p¶p. ssUbqtdmWns\ At]Ivjn¨p hnj hocyw IpdhpÅXps¡m−v ]cnkvYnXn {]iv\§Ä Ipdhp−nXn\v. CXv slIvSdn\v 300 {Kmw (1200 an.en tKmÄ) Xfn¨m GXm−v 4 amkt¯mfw IfIsfm¶pw apfçIbnÃ. \new Hcp¡n Im\nIÄ \Sp¶Xn\p sXm«p ap¼mbn Cu If\min\nIÄ Xfn¡p¶XmWv Gähpw \ÃXv. Xfn¡p¶ kab¯v a®n \\hv D−mbncn¡Ww. F¶m \à agbpÅt¸mÄ Xfn¨m ]d¼n \n¶pw shÅw ]pdt¯¡v HgpInt]mIp¶XneqsS If\min\nbpw \jvSs¸Sm³ km[yXbp−v. apf¨ IfIsf \in¸n¡p¶ If\min\nIÄ ss¥t^mtkäv F¶ If\min\n AS§nbn«pÅ du−¸v, ss¥kÂ, ss¥äm^v XpS§nb t]cpIfn e`n¡p¶ If\min\n Hcp enäÀ shůn\v 10 an. en. A\p]mX¯n Ie¡n Xfn¨m H«p an¡ IfIfpw 8--10 Znhkw sIm−v DW§n¡n«pw. A´Àhym]\ tijnbpÅ If\min\n BbXn\mÂ, Xfn¨IfIÄ thcpÄs¸sS ]qÀWambpw \in¡p¶XmWv. ssIX¡pw tZmjw sN¿p¶XmbXn\m ssIXbpsS Cebn hogmsX, ssIX hcnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kvYe¯v am{Xta Cu If\min\n D]tbmKn¡m³ ]mSpÅq. \dp\o−obpw ]mÀhffnbpw ss¥t^mtkäp Xfn¨mepw ]qÀWambn DW§mdnÃ. ssIX sNSnIfpsS apIfnte¡p ]SÀ¶p Ibdn hfcp¶ Atacn¡³ hÅn, hbdhÅn XpS§nb IfIsf DW¡m³ ssUbqtdm¬ 5 {Kmw/enäÀ shůn\v F¶ A\p]mX¯n Ie¡n sXfn¨m aXn. ]mcIzmän\p ]Icambn Kvfqt^mknt\äv AtamWnbw (_mkväm) F¶ If\min\n D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. CXv slIvSdn\p 900 {Kmw (3 en. _mkväm) F¶ tXmXn D]tbmKnt¡−XmWv. Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
7
If\min\nIfn ssUbqtdm¬ HgnsI asämìw AÂ]w t]mepw sNSnIfn hogmsX kq£n¡Ww. If\min\nIÄ D]tbmKn¨v IfIsf \in¸nçt¼mÄ AhnShnsS _m¡n \nÂç¶ IfIÄ ]dn¨p Iftb−XmWv. ]pjv]n¡Â Hê tXm«¯nse FÃmsNSnIfpw Htc kab¯v ]pjv¸n¨v Hêan¨v hnfshSpç¶Xn\v FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKw BhiyamWv. sNSnIÄ GXm−v 7 amkw {]mbsa¯n 40þHmfw CeIfpÅt¸mgmWv FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKnç¶Xv. 2þt¢mtdm CussY t^mkvt^mWnIv BknUv AS§nb FYnt^m¬ 25 ]n ]n Fw, bqdnb 2%, ImÂkyw ImÀ_tWäv 0.04% AS§nb emb\n 50 anÃn enäÀ hoXw Im\n H¶n\v Iq¼n Hgn¨p sImSp¡Ww (Nn{Xw 9). C§s\ 1000 sNSnIÄ¡v th−n hê¶ emb\n D−m¡m³ 50 enäÀ shůn 1.25 anÃn enäÀ FYnt^m¬ (3.2 anÃn enäÀ F{X 39%, Asæn 12.5 anÃn enäÀ F{X 10%) IqSmsX Hê Intem{Kmw bqdnb, 20 {Kmw ImÂkyw ImÀ_tWäv (Np®m¼v) F¶nh ebn¸n¡Ww. 9. FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKw FYnt^m¬ Hgn¨p IgnªbpsS³ ag s]bvXm ho−pw Hgnt¡−XmWv. Hgn-¡p¶ ka-b¯v sNSn-I-fn GItZiw 39-þ42 Ce-IÄ D−m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. tIc-f¯n hmWn-Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯n Irjn sN¿p¶ audojykv C\w \«v 7þ8 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån C{Xbpw CeIÄ D−m-Ipw. AarX F¶ k¦c C\-¯n\pw FwUn-2 hnëw \«v 7þ8 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKw \S-¯mw. F¶m asämcp hmWnPy C\-amb Iyq \«v 10þ12 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån am{Xta C{Xbpw Ce-IÄ D−m-Iq. AXn-\m audo-jykv, AarX, FwUn-2 F¶o C\§Ä¡v \«v 7þ8 amk-¯n\v tijhpw Iyq C\w \«v 10þ12 amk-§Ä¡v tijhpw FYn-t^m¬ emb\n Hgn-¨v sImSp-¡mw. icn-bmb ImbnI hfÀ¨ CÃm¯ sNSn-I-fn FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw sIm−v ]q¡Â D−m-¡m-sa-¦nepw A¯cw Ah-Ø-bn N¡-bpsS hep¸w hfsc Ipd-bp-¶-Xmbn ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-−v. FYn-t^m¬ an{inXw Hgn¨p sImSp¯v 30 Znhkw Ign-bp-t¼mÄ ]q¦p-e-I-fpsS A¦pcw \SpIq-¼n I−p XpS-§pw. Hcp Nph¶ If-dmWv BZyw ImWp-¶-Xv. audo-jykv C\-¯nepw AarX C\-¯nepw XpS§n Ignªv 10 Znh-k-¯n-\p-Ån FÃm sNSn-I-fnepw ]q¡Â ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ipw. F¶m Iyq C\-¯n 40 Znhkw Ign-bp-t¼msg ]q¦p-e-I-fpsS A¦pcw ImWp-I-bp-Åq. XpS§n Ignªv GI-tZiw 15 Znh-k-§Ä¡p-Ån am{Xta FÃm sNSn-I-fn-tebpw ]q¡Â ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-Ibp-Åp. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw sIm−v 95þ-98 iX-am\w sNSn-Ifpw ]q¡p-sa¶v Kth-jW ^e-§Ä sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-−v. FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw Ignªv 4þ41-/2 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån audo-jykv, AarX, FwUn-.2 F¶o C\§Ä hnf-sh-Sp-¸n\v ]mI-am-Ipw. Iyq C\w FYn-t^m¬ Hgn¨v Ignªv GI-tZiw 51/4- þ- 53/4 amkw FSp-¡pw hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\v. Iyq C\-¯n H¶m-as¯ hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\p-tijw 8þ10 amk-§Ä Ign-bp-t¼mÄ BZys¯ Ipän-hn-f¡v th−n FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S-¯mw. AarX, saudo-jykv C\-§-fn H¶mw hnf Ignªv 5-þ6 amk-§Ä¡pÅn Xs¶ FYn-t^m¬ sImSp¡mw. c−mw Ipän hnf¡v th−n t\cs¯ ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse Xs¶ FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S-¯mw. Hcp {][m\ hnfbpw c−p Ipänhn-f-Ifpw BWv ss]\m-¸nfn ip]mÀi sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. C{]Imcw audo-jykv C\-¯nepw AarX C\-¯nepw aq¶v hnf-hv In«p-¶-Xn\v 3 sImÃw aXn. F¶m Iyq C\-¯n 4 hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån Hcp {][m\ hnfbpw c−v Ipän hnf-Ifpw In«p-¶-Xm-Wv, AXm-bXv 3 hnf-IÄ In«pw. IqSp-X hep-¸-apÅ I¶p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨pw \So kabhpw FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKhpw {Iao-I-cn¨pw hnf-sh-Sp¸v ka-bw {Iao-I-cn-¡p¶ coXn C¶v ss]\m-¸nÄ Irjn-bn \ne-hn-ep-−v. CXn\v Dev]m-Z\ {Iao-I-cWw AYhm ÌmK-dnwKv Hm^v s{]mU-£³ F¶v ]d-bp-¶p. Cu coXn D]tbm-Kn¨v hÀj-¯n FÃm amk-§-fnepw ss]\m-¸nÄ e`y-am-¡mw. aq¶v hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån \mev hnf-IÄ FSp-¡p¶ coXn tIc-f-¯nse audo-jykv ss]\m-¸nÄ Irjn-bpsS kncm-tI-{µ-amb F-dWm-Ipfw PnÃbnse hmg-¡p-f¯v {]Nm-c-¯n-ep-−v. {]tXy-In¨v Øew aq¶v hÀj-¯n\v ]m«-¯n\v FSp¯v Irjn sN¿p-t¼mÄ Cu coXn {]tbm-Kn¨v hcp-¶p. Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
8
kwtbmPnX IoS\nb{´Ww \½psS \m«n ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnsb _m[n¡p¶ i{XpIoS§Ä A[nIanà F¦nepw IqSpX Øe§fn Irjn hym]n¡p¶tXmsS IoS§fpw IqSnhcm\pÅ km[yXIÄ D−v. ssIX¨¡¡rjnbpsS Hcp {][m\s¸« IoSamWv aoeoaq«IÄ (UnkvantIm¡kv s{_hn]kv, UnkvantIm¡kv \ntbms{_hn]kv). [mcmfw hnfIsf _m[n¡p¶ Hcp IoSamWnXv. ]qÀ®hfÀ¨sb¯nb s]¬IoSw ]n¦p\ndapÅhbpw, arZphmb icoct¯mSpIqSnbhpw, ZoÀLhr¯mImc¯nepÅhbpamWv. s]¬IoS¯nsâ icoc¯n\p Npäpambn 17 tPmSn sagpIpsIm−pÅ \mcpIÄ D−v. ap«, \nw^pIÄ, ]qÀ®IoSw F¶o aq¶p ZiIfmWv aoeoaq«bv¡pÅXv. \nw^pIfpw s]¬IoShpw a[pcapÅ Hcp Xcw {ZmhIw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xpaqew ‘Im]vt\mUnbw’ F¶ Ipanfnsâ hfÀ¨sb klmbn¡pIbpw Icnw]q¸Â CeIfnepw ssIX¨¡bnepw hym]n¡p¶Xn\v CSbm¡pIbpw sN¿pw. CeIfpsS {]hÀ¯\s¯bpw lm\nIcambn _m[n¡p¶p. N¡bn Icnw]q¸Â h¶m AXv hn]W\s¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡pw. kzÀ®\ndapÅ ap«IÄ, s]¬IoSw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ sagpIp\qepIÄ¡nSbn \nt£]n¡p¶p. ap«IÄ 0.3þ0.4 an. ao. hen¸apÅhbmWv. aq¶papX H³]XpZnhk§Ä sIm−p hncnªv \nw^pIÄ ]pd¯phcpw. Ipªp§sf {]khn¡p¶ Hcn\w IqSn UnkvantIm¡kv s{_hn]kn ImWp¶p−v. B C\¯nÂs¸« Hcp s]¬IoSw 234 Ipªp§sf {]khn¡pw. ap«hncnªv/{]khn¨p−mIp¶ Ipªp§Ä Ffp¸wXs¶ sNSnbpsS aäp`mK§fntebv¡pw, aäp sNSnIfnte¡pw \nc§n \o§pw. Chsb {Iutfgvkv (crawlers) F¶p hnfn¡p¶p. 40þ50 Znhk§Ä sIm−v \nw^pIÄ ]qÀ®IoS§fmbn amdpw. s]¬IoS§Ä¡v NndIpIfnÃ. Ah icmicn 56 Znhkw Pohn¡pw. B¬ IoS§Ä¡v Hcp tPmUn NndIpIfp−v. ChbpsS {][m\ tPmen s]¬aoeoaq«bpambn CWtNcpI F¶XmWv. Blmcw Ignbv¡m\pÅ hZ\`mK§Ä {]hÀ¯\£aaÃ. Ht¶m ct−m Znhk§Ä¡pÅn B¬ IoSw N¯pt]mIpw. aoeoaq«Isf aäp sNSnIfnte¡v hym]n¸n¡p¶Xn\v Ddp¼pIfpw klmbn¡p¶p−v. ct−m aqt¶m kv]ojokpIfnÂs¸« Ddp¼pIÄ Cu aoeoaq«IfpsS IqsS I−phcp¶p. Ah ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ a[pcapÅ {ZmhIw IpSn¡p¶Xn\pth−nbmWv Cu Ddp¼pIÄ hcp¶Xv. {]Xyp]Imcambn Chsb FXnÀ{]mWnIfn \n¶pw kwc£n¡p¶p. CXpIqSmsX ]ibpÅ Cu {ZmhIw \¡n¯pS¨v tImf\n hr¯nbmbn kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. sNSnbpsS thcv, IS, CeIÄ, N¡ F¶o `mK§sfÃmw aoenaq« B{Ian¡mdp−v (Nn{Xw 10). aoeoaq«IfpsS B{IaWap−mbn«pff ssIX¨¡bn sagpIps]mSnbpw \mcpIfpw Ahtijn¡p¶Xpw hn]W\s¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡pw. B{IaWw _m[n¨ sNSnbpsS CeIÄ¡v aª\ndtam, Nph¸p\ndtam Bbn I−phcp¶p. CeIfpsS A{K`mKw XpS§n Xmtgbv¡v hmSn hcp¶Xv aoeoaq«bpsS B{IaWw aqeamWv. ssIXsb _m[n¡p¶ sshdkvtcmKamb (aoen_Kv hnÂäv AtÊmkntbäUv sshdkv) hm«tcmK¯nsâ hmlIcmWv Cu aoeoaq«IÄ. AXn\m hm«tcmK_m[bpÅ Øe¯v aoeoaq«Isf \nb{´nt¡−Xv AXymhiyamWv.
10. aoeoaq«_m[bpsS e£W§Ä Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
9
\nb{´WamÀ¤§Ä 1.
aoeoaq«bpsS B{IaWanÃm¯ D]tbmKn¡pI.
2.
ssPhIpanÄ, se¡m\nknÃnbw (=shÀ«nknÃnbw) se¡m\n, Hcp enäÀ shůn\v 20 {Kmw F¶ tXmXn Ie¡n, sNSnbn Xfn¡pIbpw Nph«n Hgn¨psImSp¡pIbpw sN¿pI. HcmgvNbv¡ptijw Hcn¡Â IqSn BhÀ¯n¡pI.
3.
hnhn[bn\w IfIfn ss]\m¸nÄ aoeoaq« ImWmdp−v. tXm«¯n If\nb{´Ww Dd¸m¡pI.
4.
[mcmfw hnfIsf B{Ian¡p¶ Hcp IoSamWv, Cu aoeoaq«. AXpsIm−v hmg, ]¨¡dnIÄ, tN¼v, t]c, B¯s¨Sn F¶nhbnepw \nb{´WamÀ¤§Ä kzoIcn¡Ww.
5.
aoeoaq«bpÅ tXm«§fn D]tbmKn¨ Irjn D]IcW§Ä, ]pXnb Øet¯¡v sIm−pt]mæt¼mÄ Ahbn aoeoaq« Cà Fìv Dd¸p hê¯Ww.
6.
tXm«¯n Ddp¼pIsf \in¸n¡p¶Xv Cu IoSw hym]n¡p¶Xpw AXnsâ hwihÀ²\ XSbp¶Xn\pw klmbn¡pw. IqSmsX FXnÀ {]mWnIfpsS Imcy£aX IqSmdpap−v. Ddp¼psIWnsh¨pw, Ddp¼nsâ amfw I−p]nSn¨v AXn IoS\min\n Hgn¨pw Ahsb \in¸n¡mw. aoeoaq«Isf \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\v, Ahkm\s¯ amÀKsa¶\nebnÂ, cmkIoS \min\nIÄ sNSnbn Xfn¡pIbpw, Nph«n Hgn¡pIbpw sN¿pI. Xmsgs¡mSp¯ncn¡p¶Xn GsX¦nepw Hcp IoS\min\n D]tbmKn¡pI. s¢mÀss]dnt^mkv (lnÂ_m³ 20 C.kn. 2.5 an.en./en.) - 500 en./slÎÀ CanUmt¢m{]nUv (SmämanU 200 Fkv. FÂ. 0.3 an.en./enäÀ) 500 en./slÎÀ Izn\mÂt^mkv (CImeIvkv 25 C.kn., 2 an.en./en.) - 500 en./slÎÀ
\SoÂ
hkvXp¡Ä
am{Xw
IrjnsN¿p¶Xn\v
kwtbmPnX tcmK\nb{´Ww AgpIÂ, Iq¼pNobÂ, Ce¸pÅn tcmKw C§s\ ]e æanÄ tcmK§fpw sNSnsb _m[n¡mdp−v. \oÀhmÀ¨ ædª {]tZi§fnemWv tcmKw IqSpX I−phê¶Xv. AgpI / Nob tcmKw
11. Nob tcmK¯nsâ e£W§Ä Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
10
tcmK ImcWw : æanÄ ss^täm^vtXmd kn\taman (Phytophthora cinnamomi) ss^täm^vtXmd \ntIm«nbm\ (Phytophthora nicotiana) tcmK e£W§Ä Im\nbpsS lrZb `mK¯pÅ CeIÄ aªbn \n¶v sNdnb sN¼p \ndapÅhbmbn amdpIbpw ]n¶oSh IcnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p (Nn{Xw 11). tcmK¯nsâ aqÀ²\ymhØbn Cfw t]mfIÄ t]mepw Ffp¸¯n hens¨Sp¡m³ ]mI¯n\mbn amdp¶p. Im\nbpsS Xmgv `mKw Noªv AgpInb aWw ]c¯pw. tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnbpsS Xmgv `mKw aª IeÀ¶ Xhn«p \ndamhpIbpw Hcp Idp¯ tcJ t]mfbpsS BtcmKyapÅ `mKs¯bpw tcmKw _m[n¨ `mKs¯bpw thÀXncn¡p¶p. tcmK \nb{´Ww IrjnbnS¯nsâ ipNnXzw Dd¸phcp¯pI. \oÀhmÀ¨ Dd¸phcp¯pI, \nc¸n \n¶v 20 skân aoäÀ s]m¡¯n a®vv s]m¡n \oÀ¨mepIÄ XoÀ¯v thWw Im\nIÄ \Sm³. ss{St¡msUÀa, kyptUmsamWmkv F¶nhbneqsSbpÅ ssPh \nb{´Ww. 1þ2 In.{Kmw ss{St¡msUÀa, 100 In.{Kmw th¸n³ ]n®m¡v þNmWIs¸mSn (1:1) an{inX¯n tNÀ¯v a®n C«v sImSp¡pI. 10 {Kmw kyptUmsamWmkv, 2 In.{Kmw NmWIs¸mSnbntem It¼mÌntem tNÀ¯v sNSnbpsS Nph«n C«p sImSp¡pI. Ahkm\s¯ amÀKsa¶\nebnÂ, IpanÄ \min\nIfmb amt¦msk_v (C³tUm^nÂ) 0.2-þ0.3% {]tbmKn¨ Im\nIÄ \Sm\mbn D]tbmKn¡pI. \«Xn\v tijw tcmK_m[ ImWpt¼mÄ slIvädn\v 500 enäÀ emb\n F¶ IW¡n saÂ]dª IpanÄ \min\n Xfn¨p sImSp¡Ww. tcmKw IqSpX _m[n¨ Øm\§fn sNSnbpsS Nph«nepÅ a®v æXnêw hn[w Hgn¨p sImSp¯pw, tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIsf \ntÈjw \in¸n¨pw Cu tcmK§sf \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv. ss]\m¸nÄ aoen_Kv hnÂäv AtÊmkntbäUv sshdkv tcmKw tcmKImcWw : Bws]tem sshdkv (Ampelo virus) tcmK e£W§Ä CeIÄ Nph¸p\ndambn ‘d’ t]mse hfªp Icnªp t]mæì (Nn{Xw 12). thêIÄ \in¨v sNSn sam¯¯n hmSpì. Xé¸pIme¯v IqSpXembn Cu tcmKw Iméì. {]mbw ædªIm\nIÄ 2þ3 amk§fn tcmKe£W§Ä ImWnçt¼mÄ {]mbw æSnb Im\nIÄ 12 amk§Ä hsc kabsaSpçw. tcmK \nb{´Ww
12. aoen_Kv hnÂäv AtÊmkntbäUv sshdkv tcmK¯nsâ e£W§Ä
sshdkv tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIÄ ]pÀ®ambn \in¸nçI. \SmëÅ Im\nIÄ tcmKkm[yXbnÃm¯ {]tZi§fn -\ns¶SpçI. æd¨v (< 3%) Im\nIÄ¡v am{Xsa tcmKw h¶n«pÅpsh¦n Ah ]ngpXp \in¸nçI Ddp¼pIsfbpw aoenaq«Isfbpw \nb{´nçI. IrjnØe¯v ]mgvsNSnIÄ hfcm³ AëhZn¡êXv. Ch Ddp¼pIÄçw aoenaq«IÄçw hfcm³ ImcWamæì. tcmKw ]c¯p¶ aoenaq«sb \nb{´nçI.
Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
11
kpc£nX hnf kwc£W¯n\v Irjn ØeipNnXzw Dd¸p hê¯pI icnbmb \oÀÆmÀ¨ Dd¸p hê¯pI IoStcmK_m[bnÃm¯ BtcmKyapÅ H¶mw hÀj Im\nIÄ \SpI Im\nIfpsS icnbmb ]cnNcWw ss{St¡msUÀa, kyptUmsamWmkv {]tbmKw tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIsf \in¸nçI tcmKw ]c¯p¶ IoS§tfbpw IfItfbpw \nb{´nçI XpS¡¯ntebpÅ IoStcmK \nÀ®bhpw \nb{´Whpw Ahkm\ amÀKsa¶\nebn am{Xw ip]mÀibëkcn¨pÅ aêì {]tbmKw aäp ]cnNcW§Ä th\¡me¯v N¡ Nmªp \n¡mdp−v. AhbpsS Hê hiw kqcy{]Imi¯nsâ BLmX¯m \in¨v D]tbmKiq\yambn Xoêì. CXv XSbm³ N¡bpsS ta N¸pNhdpIÄ C«v `mKnIambn aqSp¶Xpw, AtX sNSnbpsS CeIÄsIm−v Xs¶ s]mXnªp sI«p¶Xpw \ÃXmWv. sNSnIÄ Nmªv t]mæt¼mÄ a®v AW¨v sImSpç¶Xpw hfsc ^e{]ZamWv. sNSn æeíphm³ XpS§p¶tXmsS Nph«n \nìw ]pXnb IìIÄ s]m«nhcm³ XpS§pw. Chbn Gähpw \à Hcp Iì am{Xw \nÀ¯n _m¡n ASÀ¯n Iftb−XmWv. N¡ s]m«n hêt¼mÄ aæS¯nsâ Iq¼v am{Xw ëÅn Ifbp¶Xpw Én¸pIÄ ASÀ¯n Ifbp¶Xpw IqSpX hen¸apÅ N¡bp−mhm³ klmbIamWv. hnfshSp¸ v FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw Ignªv 4þ41-/2 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån audo-jykv, AarX, FwUn-.2 F¶o C\§Ä hnf-sh-Sp-¸n\v ]mI-am-Ipw. Iyq C\w FYn-t^m¬ Hgn¨v Ignªv GI-tZiw 5 1/4þ- 5 3/4 amkw FSp-¡pw hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\v. ss]\m¸nÄ DÂ]mZ\w ]cnNcWapdIsfbpw \« Im\nIfpsS F®s¯bpw B{ibn¨ncnçw. X\n hnfbmbn 40,000 Im\nIÄ \Spt¼mÄ Hê slÎdn \nìw 40þ50 S¬ hnfhv e`nçw. dºÀ, sX§v tXm«§fn CShnfbmbn 20000þ25000 Im\nIÄ \Spt¼mÄ 25þ35 S¬ N¡ e`nçw. s\ hbepIfn \nìw CtX coXnbnÂ, Nnet¸mÄ CXn IqSpXepw hnfhv e`nçw. æänhnf BZyhÀjw N¡ sh«n FSp¯pIgnªm ]n¶oSv c−p hÀjw IqSn Ch æänhnfbmbn \ne\nÀ¯n \à coXnbn ]cnNcn¨m \à hnfhv e`nçw. hnfshSp¸v Ignªv \SNmepIfnte¡v \o−p \nÂç¶ CeIÄ apdn¨v Ifªv a®n hfw tNÀ¯v a®v AW¨psImSp¡Ww. hf{]tbmKw BZy hÀj¯n sNbvXXp t]mse Xs¶bmWv. Hmtcm sNSnbn \nìw hfsc IìIÄ s]m«n hêsa¦nepw Ahbn Gähpw \à Hcp Iì \ne\nÀ¯n _m¡nbpÅh ASÀ¯n amäWw. 4þ5 amkw Ignbpt¼mÄ AYhm s]m«n Xg¨phê¶ Im\nIfn 40þHmfw Ce hêt¼mÄ ho−pw FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S¯mw. hfsc \¶mbn ]cnNcnç¶ tXm«§fn Hì c−p amkw Ignªv ho−pw _m¡nbpÅ Im\nIfn 40þHmfw Ce hêt¼mÄ FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S¯mw. FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S¯n 120þ140 Znhkw Ignbpt¼mtgçw N¡ sh«n FSp¡mw. C§s\ hÀjw tXmdpw aqt¶m, \mtem XhW N¡ sh«n FSp¡mhp¶XmWv. N¡bpsS hep¸w Hmtcm hÀjw Ignbpt´mdpw sNdpXmbn hêw. X·qew 3 hÀjw Ignbpt¼mÄ BhÀ¯\ Irjn FSp¡Ww. D]tbmKw ss]\m¸nÄ {][m\ambpw 3 coXnbnemé D]tbmKnç¶Xv; t\cn«pw, Iym³ sNbvXpw, P|kmbpw. ss]\m¸nÄ [mcmfambn e`yamæ¶ kokWn Ah kwkvIcn¨v kq£nç¶Xv hÀjw apgph³ \ap¡v ss]\m¸nÄ DÂ]¶§fpsS e`yX Dd¸p hê¯pì. ss]\m¸nÄ 10þ130c 20 Znhkw hsc kq£n¡mhp¶XmWv. DXv]mZn¸nç¶ ss]\m¸nfn A[nIapÅ ]g§Ä kwkv¡cns¨Sp¯m \ap¡v hÀjw apgph³ AXv D]tbmKn¡m³ ]äpw. ho«½amÀ¡v Hgnhp kab¯p kvIzmjv, Pmw, sPÃn, A¨mdpIÄ, lÂh, Im³Un F¶nh X¿mdm¡mhp¶XmWv. CXn [mcmfw ImÂkyhpw, s]m«mkyhpw, tIm¸dpw, \mêIfpw, PohIw kobpw, _n-þ1pw, _n-þ6pw D−v. ss]\m¸nfnsâ Huj[KpW§Ä¡v \nZm\w Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³
12
t{_masebv³ F¶ F³sskw BWv. CXp Zl\{]n{Inbsb Dt¯Pn¸nçIbpw, icoc¯nse hnhn[ tISp]mSpIsf t]m¡n kZm Dt·jw \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pì. \oÀho¡w ian¸n¡mëÅ CXnsâ Ignhp sIm−v hmXw, I^w, F¶nh¡v ^e{]Zambn D]tbmKn¡mw. AXp t]mse Xs¶ kÔn hmX¯nëw, lrt{ZmK§sf {]Xntcm[nçhmëw, akvXnjvI¯nsâ DWÀhnëw CXp klmbnçì. ss]\m¸nÄ sIm−v X¿mdm¡mhp¶ GXmëw Nne hn`h§fmWvv P|kv, P|kv tIm³skt{âäv, knd¸v, kvIzmjv, Pmw, Im³Un, ]pÍnwKv, tI¡v, lÂh, tIkcn, Nn]vkv, t]m]vkv, ImcaÂ, t_mfn, AS, D−, ]mbkw, A¨mÀ, kmeUv, a[pc¡dn, ]pfntÈcn, ]¨Sn, NSv\n, eÊn, sFkv{Iow, sImsÎbnÂ, ssh³, thmUvI F¶nh (Nn{Xw 13). ChbpsS tNêhIfn sNdptXm heptXm Bb AëtbmPy amä§Ä hê¯n At\Iw hn`h§Ä X¿mdm¡m³ km[nç¶Xm¬v. hn]Wnbn ss]\m¸nÄ an¨ambpw hne Xméancnçt¼mÄ CXvt]msebpÅ H«\h[n hn`h§Ä X¿mdm¡n BZmbap−m¡mhp¶Xm¬v. C§s\ \½psS BtcmKy `£y km¼¯nI kpc£ Dd¸m¡mw. shÃphnfnIÄ tIcf¯n IrjntaJe s]mXpthbpw, ss]\m¸nÄ taJe {]tXyIn¨pw, {]XnkÔn t\cn«psIm−ncnçIbmWv. s]mXpth IrjntbmSpÅ XmÂ]cyçdhv, sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yw, hn]Wnbnse AØncX, DbÀ¶ Iqen, bqWnäv t]mjI¯nsâ DbÀ¶ hne, ss]\m¸nfnsâ hep¸¯n\ëkcn¨pÅ A, B, C t{KUnwK,v t{KUpIÄ X½nepÅ h³ hnehyXymkw C§s\ ]e ImcW§Ä CXnë−v. ss]\m¸nÄ taJebn Gdnhê¶ Hê {]hWX kz´w Øe¯v Irjn sN¿p¶hÀ Xptemw Npê¡w FìÅXmWv. h³tXmXnepÅ ]m«IrjnbmWv IqSpXepw. AXmbXv, ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn Hê A{Kn_nkn\Êv Bbn amdnIgnªncnçì. hmWnPy ASnØm\¯nepÅ ]m«Irjnbn em`þ\ãw hfsc \nÀ®mbIamWv. ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbndç¶Xn\v BZyhÀjw slÎÀ H¶n\v GXm−v 4.3 e£t¯mfw cq] sNehmæw. ]n¶oSpÅ hÀj§fn GXm−v 2.5 e£¯n IqSpX cq] sNehv ht¶çw. sNSn H¶n\v 15 cq]bn IqSpX sNehv hêì. AXmbXv 20 cq]bn IqSpX F¦nepw N¡ H¶n\v e`n¨mte Irjn em`IcamæIbpÅq. ss]\m¸nfn\v 50 cq] hsc h¶ kab§Ä D−v. AXpt]mse hn]W\w sN¿m³ km[n¡m¯ kab§fpw h¶n«p−v. 25 cq]sb¦nepw hnebp−s¦n BZyhÀjw apX Xs¶ em`w sImbvXpXpS§mw. Gähpw ædª sNehn Gähpw IqSpX A N¡ hnfbn¸n¨mte ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbn kpØncem`w In«pIbpÅp. kpØncem`aps−¦nse IÀjIÀ¡v ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbn XmÂ]cyap−mhpIbpÅp. kpØnc BZmb¯n\v ss]\m¸nfnsâ hep¸¯n\ëkcn¨pÅ A, B, C t{KUnwKv aqew Hmtcm t{KUv ædbps´mdpw hne t\sc ]æXnbmbn ædbpì. AXn\m Gähpw IqSpX A N¡ hnfbn¸n¨mte kpØnc BZmbw e`nçIbpÅp. IqSpX A N¡ hnfbn¸n¡mëw kpØnc BZmb¯nëw Xmsg ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä {i²n¡Ww.
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`qkqNnIbpÅ hmgçfw ss]\m¸nÄ (audnjykv) C\w Irjn sN¿pI \Ã\oÀhmÀ¨bpÅXpw, AÂ]w A¾Xbpw, \à ssPhhfIqdpÅXpamb aW IeÀ¶ a®v \à hnfhn\v \à kqcy{]Imiw thWw, th\¡me¯v aq¶v BgvNIqSpt¼mÄ \\¨psImSpçI IoStcmK_m[bnÃm¯ BtcmKyapÅ H¶mw hÀj Im\nIÄ \SWw. ss{St¡msUÀa, kyptUmsamWmkv, shÀ«nknÃnbw (20 g/l) apXembh {]tbmKn¡Ww
•
icnbmb hnfkm{µX ]mençI (slÎdn\v X\nhnf¡v 40000, CShnf¡v 20000 Im\nIÄ)
• • •
Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com
ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn BZmbIcam¡m³ • • • • •
• • •
13
kwtbmNnX hf{]tbmK{Iaw ]mençI (Im\n H¶n\v: ssPh hfw 1 In.{Kmw, NPK 8:4:8 {Kmw; slÎdn\v: ssPh hfw 25 S¬, NPK 320:160:320 In.{Kmw, 3-4 XhWIfmbn) X ുs]m«Â Hgnhm¡m³ ss]\m¸nÄ ]pjv]nç¶ kab¯pw AanXambpw hf{]tbmKw AêXv. æänhnf¡v Gähpw \à Hcp Im\n am{Xw \ne \nÀ¯n _m¡nbpÅh ASÀ¯n amäWw IfIsf apfbnte \nb ി-¡pI (slÎdn\v 3 In.{Kmw ssUbqtdm¬ (¢mÊv) 600 enäÀ shůnÂ) ]pjv]n¡m³ 25 ppm FYn-t^m¬ 50 ml, 40--Ce ]êh¯n (\«v 7- amk-¯nÂ) Iq¼n Hgn-¡pI (1000 sNSnIÄ¡v 50 l shÅw + 3.2 ml F{X 39% + 1 kg bqdnb + 20 g ImÂkyw ImÀ_tWäv) kqcymLmXw XSbm³ N¡bpsS ta N¸pNhdpIÄ CSpIsbm s]mXnªp sI«psbm sN¿pI tcmKw ]c¯p¶ IoS§tfbpw IfItfbpw \nb{´nçI; tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIsf \in¸nçI XpS¡¯ntebpÅ IoStcmK \nÀ®bw, \nb{´Ww, Bhiysa¦n am{Xw ip]mÀibëkcn¨pÅ aêì {]tbmKw
IÀjIÀ t\cnSp¶ {][m\ {]iv\§Ä ssPh hf§fpsS ZuÀe`yw sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw Iqen hÀ²\hpw km[\§fpsS hnehÀ²\hpw IrXykabs¯ e`yXçdhpw IoS tcmK§Ä, kqcymLmXw, X−vv s]m«Â amÀ¡änse hne hyXnbm\§Ä Xt±iob kmaqly {]iv\§Ä Xt±iob kmaqly {]iv\§fmWv Cì ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn¡mêsS {][m\ {]iv\w. IÀjIsc kzkvYambpw kam[m\ambpw Irjn sN¿m³ AëhZn¡Ww. AdnhnÃm¯hÀ¡v Aht_m[w \ÂInbpw NqjIcn \nìw hnhmZIcn \nìw ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn¡mÀ¡v kwc£Ww \ÂInbpw CXv ]cnlcn¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ DNnXab \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡Ww.
Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email:
[email protected],
[email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com