Balancing: Dynamic and Static Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1!STATIC!
Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1!DYNAMIC! • • • •
• Maintains!a!steady!balance!–!“control”! • Adjusts!body!to!maintain!balance!–!“correct”! !! • Focuses!eyes!forward!–!“looking!forward”!
Maintains!balance!while!using!alternate!stepping!ac2on!–!“movement”! Maintains!and!upright!posture!–!“good!posture”! Maintains!balance!by!using!arms!as!needed!–!“control”! Focuses!eyes!forward!–!“looking!forward”!
!! !! Stages!of!Motor!Development3!STATIC! Stages!of!Motor!Development3!DYNAMIC! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! Raises!non!suppor2ng! May!li@!non!suppor2ng! Can!balance!with!eyes! ! Balances!with!support,! Eyes!focused!on!beam,! Eyes!focused!beyond! leg!several!inches!so! leg!to!a!2edAin!posi2on! closed! loses!balance!easily,!uses! beam,!movements!are! that!thigh!is!nearly! on!support!leg,!performs! Uses!arms!and!trunk!as! eyes!on!feet,!uses! ! follow!step!with! alternate!stepping!ac2on! fluid,!relaxed,!and!in! parallel!with!surface! beBer!on!dominant!leg! needed! dominant!foot!lead! control,!may!lose! Very!unstable,! Uses!arms!for!balance! Changes!to!non! ! balance!rarely! overcompensates! but!may!keep!on!at!side! dominant!leg! balances!with!outside! Cannot!balance!with!eyes! ! support! closed! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! 1. Walk!in!straight!line!heel!to!toe! 5. Walk!across!modified!balance!beam!with!support!(teach! 12.!Combine!various!movement!concepts! ! 2. Walk!on!numbers!or!abc!poly!spots!that!are! them!how!to!scoop!–!looking!forward,!moving!foot! while!walking!on!lines!or!low!beams! ! somewhat!far!away!so!they!have!to!stretch! downwards!next!to!beam!when!moving)! 13.!Combine!various!movement!concepts! their!bodies!to!get!there.!!At!2mes!they! 6. Walk!across!modified!balance!beam!without!support! with!various!locomotor!skills!on!lines!or!low! ! may!lose!their!balance!–!talk!about!what!to! 7. Walk!in!different!levels!across!beam! beams.! do!with!your!body!when!they!become! 8. Slide!across!modified!balance!beam! 14.!Increase!height!and!difficulty!of! ! unstable! 9. Put!a!beanbag!on!the!balance!beam!and!students!walk! locomotor!skills! 3. Walk!across!jump!rope!laid!on!the!ground! over!it! 15.!Incorporate!different!gymnas2c!skills!! ! in!a!line! 10. Place!cones!on!the!balance!beam! 4. Let!students!create!different!shapes!to!walk! 11. Put!2!2res!four!feet!apart!on!beam,!walk!in!and!over! ! on!in!balance! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! ! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! Level! Objects! ! Force! They!are!not!able!to!keep!their! Allow!them!to!perform!the!skill!in!front! balance!by!using!their!arms!in! of!a!mirror!to!check!the!posi2on!of! Can$you$balance…! Can$you$balance…$ Can$you$balance…$ !! posi2on! their!arm! • With!your!weight!on! • Very!tall! • On!a!line?! one!side! • Very!small?! • Under!a!rope?! They!have!difficulty!balancing! Allow!for!external!support!(wall!or!bar)! ! • On!different!body! • At!a!high!level?! • On!a!rope?! on!both!legs!(one!at!a!2me)! parts?!! • While!walking!across! the!beam!lightly?!!
Time! • While!moving!across! the!beam!as!fast!as!you! can?! • While!moving!across! the!beam!as!slow!as! you!can?! • While!moving!across! the!beam!star2ng! slowly!and!showing! form?! • Alterna2ng!fast!and! slow?!
• At!a!low!level?! • Carrying!a!ball?! • At!a!medium!level?! • On!a!beam?! • Fast/slow!at!a!high! level?! • Smoothly!at!a!high!level?!
• • • • • • • • •
Direc8on! Forward?!Backward?! To!the!le@?!To!the!right?! Diagonally?! And!change!direc2on! once?! And!change!direc2on!3! 2mes?! In!a!straight!line?! In!a!curved!line?! In!a!zigzag!line?! In!a!paBern?!(show)!
People! • All!by!yourself?! • Holding!a!partner’s! hand?! • As!a!group?! • As!your!partner?!! • In!various!ways! shadowing!your! partner?!
Flow! Range! Combina8ons! • Across!the!beam!as! • In!your!own!space?! • Play!red!light!green! smoothly!as!you!can?! • On!the!lines!throughout! light! • Like!a!a!stork?! the!gym?! • Combine!effort,! • Like!different!animals?! • In!a!small!space!while! space!and! not!bumping!anyone?! rela2onship.!E.g.!Can! • With!big!steps?! you!balance!across! • With!2ny!steps?! the!gym!with!a! partner!while!only! having!4!body!parts! touch!the!ground?!
Children!are!visually!checking! support!leg!
Encourage!children!to!keep!their!head! up!by!looking!at!something!on!the!wall!
Children!have!difficulty!holding! Start!with!short!2me!periods!and! the!balance! gradually!!increase!2me!
Literacy!
balance!
sta2c!
dynamic!
hold! stability! light!
freeze! beam! forward!
Eyes! Focus! control!
Assessment2! Sta8c:! Stork!stance!on!one!leg!and!then!on!the!opposite!leg!hold!for!30! seconds! Dynamic:! Walk!across!a!balance!beam!forwards! References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th! ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! 4. Graham,!G.,!Holt/Hall,!S.!A.,!Parker,!M.!(2013).!Children$Moving:$A$reflecFve$approach$to$teaching$physical$educaFon.$(9th! ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
Locomotor: Running Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • •
Eyes!focused!forward!throughout!the!run!–!“look!ahead”! Knees!bend!at!right!angles!during!the!recovery!phase!–!“high!knees”! !! Arms!bend!at!elbows!and!move!in!opposi2on!of!legs!–!“pump!arms”! Front!part!of!foot!contacts!ground!–!“light!feet”! !! Body!leans!slightly!forward!–!“lean!forward”!
Assessment2! Run!as!fast!as!possible!between!2!cones!set!60!feet!apart! ! !
!! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! Run$High$Guard! Run$Middle$Guard! HeelSToe$Arms$Extended! Pumping$Arms! ! Arms!–!high!guard! ArmsA!middle!guard! ArmsA!low!guard! HeelAtoe!contact!(toeAheel!when! Flat!Footed!contact! Ver2cal!component!s2ll!great! Arms!opposi2on!–!elbows!nearly! sprin2ng)! ! Short,!wide!stride! Increase!stride! extended! ArmAleg!opposi2on! Wide!shoulder!width! Increase!arm!swing!! HeelAtoe!contact!! High!heel!recovery! ! Legs!&!arms!swing!out!! Elbow!Flexion!! No!flight!! !! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al! Elementary! Mature! 1. Walk!in!straight!line! 8. Run!between!cones!but!on!a!signal!turn!around!and!run!back! 14. Dodging!sta2onary!objects!while! ! 2. Have!students!run!between!two! 9. Run!between!cones!but!create!various!pathways!with!cones! running! ! cones!20!feet!apart! 10. Have!students!run!in!different!pathways!when!you!call!out!a!pathway! 15. Dodging!other!moving!students! 3. Run!between!two!cones!further! without!the!use!of!cones! while!running! ! distances!away! 11. Have!student!run!in!a!square!alone!and!stop!on!command! 16. Run!through!maze/obstacle! 4. Run!as!high!as!you!can! 12. Walking!in!a!square/open!space!with!sta2onary!obstacles! course!with!other!students! ! 5. Run!while!pumping!your!arms! 13. Walking!in!a!square/open!space!with!sta2onary!obstacles!! 17. Tag!game! back!and!forth! ! ! 6. Run!as!fast!as!you!can! 7. Run!on!your!toes! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! ! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! ! Force! Level! Objects! Can$you$run$…! Can$you$run$…$ Can$you$run$…$ There!are!small! Show!them!how!to!exaggerate!the!length! ! • Like!a!pixie?! • Very!tall! • On!a!line?! steps!and!liBle! of!the!stride! • Like!an!elephant?! • Very!small?! • Across!the!line?! flight!! ! • On!your!2ptoes?! • At!a!high!level?! • Under!the!bars?! • FlatAfooted?! • At!a!low!level?! • Behind!the!chair?! !! • As!if!you!were!floa2ng?! • At!a!medium!level?! • Around!the!hoop?! Feet!spread!too! Coach!them!to!run!along!a!line! • As!if!you!weighed!a!!million! • Fast!or!slow!at!a!high!level?! • Over!the!hoop?! wide!apart!! ! pounds?! • As!so@ly!as!you!can?! • As!hard!as!you!can?!
Time! • As!fast!as!you!can?! • As!slow!as!you!can?! • Star2ng!slowly!and! showing!form?! • Alterna2ng!fast!and!slow?!
• Smoothly!at!a!high!level?!
• • • •
Direc8on! Forward?!Backward?! To!the!le@?!To!the!right?! Diagonally?! And!change!direc2on! once?! And!change!direc2on!3! 2mes?! In!a!straight!line?! In!a!curved!line?! In!a!zigzag!line?! In!a!paBern?!(show)!
• • • • • • •
Range! In!your!own!space?! Throughout!the!gym?! As!far!as!you!can?! And!not!bump!anyone?! With!your!feet!wide?! With!big!steps?! With!2ny!steps?!
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• • • • • •
Flow! With!jerky!movement?!! As!smoothly!as!you!can?! Like!a!machine?! Like!a!robot?! Like!a!deer?! Like!a!football!player?!
• Through!the!hoop?! • Carrying!a!ball?! • With!imaginary!boots!on?! • • • • • • • •
People! All!by!yourself?! In!front!of!a!partner?! Beside!a!partner?! Holding!a!partner’s!hand?! With!the!class?! Without!touching!anyone?! With!two!others?! In!forma2on?!
Short!strides!
Place!bean!bags!on!a!line!so!they!can! widen!their!stride!
Low!heel! recovery!
Run!across!short!distance!with!heels! coming!up!and!touching!their!boBom!
Arms!swing! from!side!to! side! Leaning!too!far! forward!
Stand!s2ll!and!only!move!arms,!arms! should!not!cross!and!hands!can!lightly! brush!hips! Run!on!toes!and!stay!as!tall!as!possible!
Literacy! Combina8ons! • Play!red!light!green!light! • Use!a!combina2on!in!a! story:!“Let’s!go!drive!our! car”!! • Freeze!game!! • Tag!games! • Follow!the!leader! • Run!to!and!from!hoop! carrying!bean!bags!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
run!
light!
heavy!
curved!
straight!
zig!zag!
slow!
low!
lead!
fast!
high!
follow!
Locomotor: Leaping Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • • !
Forward!movement!sustained!throughout!the!leap!–!“move!forward”! Eyes!focused!forward!–!!“looking!ahead”! !! Take!off!from!one!foot,!land!on!opposite!foot!–!“opposite!feet”! Straighten!legs!in!flight,!arms!in!opposi2on!–!“straight!legs”! !! Controlled!landing!without!losing!balance!–!“control”!!
Assessment2! Run!and!then!leap!over!beanbag!star2ng!from!tape! ! ! ! ! !
!! ! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Stage!1! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Ini8al!Stage! Child!appears!confused!in!aBempts! Appears!to!be!thinking!through!the! S2ff!appearance!in!trunk! Relaxed!rhythmical!ac2on! ! Inability!to!push!off!and!gain!distance! ac2on! Incomplete!extension!of!legs!during! Forceful!extension!of!takeoff!leg! and!eleva2on! ABempt!looks!like!elongated!run! flight! Good!summa2on!of!horizontal!and! ! Each!aBempt!looks!like!another! LiBle!eleva2on!above!suppor2ng! Arms!used!for!balance,!not!as!aid!in! ver2cal!forces! running!step! surface! force!produc2on! Definite!forward!trunk!lean! ! Inconsistent!use!of!takeoff!leg! LiBle!forward!trunk!lean! Definite!arm!opposi2on!! Arms!ineffec2ve! Full!extension!of!legs!during!flight! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Ini8al!Stage! 1. Check!ability!to!run/jump! 7. Slowly!increase!the!distance!between!the!ropes,!telling!the!kids!it!is!a!river! 10. Leap!in!a!curved!pathway! ! 2. Run!as!high!as!you!can!in!the!air! and!we!can’t!fall!in!so!we!must!run!across.!!Encourage!to!run!as!fast!as! 11. Leap!in!various!direc2ons! 3. Run!quickly!with!short!steps,!then! possible!and!run!high!in!the!air!to!get!across!the!river.! 12. Leap!through!an!obstacle!course! ! leap!forward!in!a!giant!step! 8. Leap!over!a!beanbag! 13. Leaping!in!a!rhythmic!paBern!with! through!the!air! 9. Leap!over!a!larger!object!(pool!noodle)! music! ! 4. Place!one!rope!5!feet!away,!run! ! fast!over!the!rope! ! 5. Place!two!ropes!5!feet!away!and! next!to!each!other! ! 6. Run!as!fast!as!possible!over!the! ropes!! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! ! If…! Then…! Force! Level! Objects! !! Ask!the!child!to!leap!over! Child!is! Can$you$leap$…! Can$you$leap$…$ Can$you$leap$…$ horizontal!target,!gradually! showing! • And!land!lightly?! • As!high!as!you!can?! • Over!a!rope?! ! insufficient! increasing!the!distance!between! • And!land!without!making!a! • As!low!as!you!can?! • Over!a!hurdle?! sound?! • And!land!forcefully?! • Alterna2ng!hard!and!so@! landings?! • And!swing!your!arms! forcefully?! • And!keep!your!arms!at!your! side!
Time! • And!stay!in!the!air!as!long!as! you!can?! • And!land!as!quickly!as!you!can?! • And!swing!only!one!arm?! • In!2me!to!the!accented!!beat!of! the!drum?! • In!2me!to!the!accented!beat!of! the!music?!
• • • •
Flow! From!a!three!step!approach?! From!a!two!step!approach?! From!the!one!step!approach?! From!a!sta2onary!approach?!
• At!many!different!levels?! • Across!two!outstretched!ropes?! • Alterna2ng!low!and!high!leaps?! • Over!two!outstretched!ropes?! • From!one!carpet!square!to!the! next?!
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
Direc8on! Forward?! Backward?! Diagonally?! With!your!le@!foot!leading?! With!your!right!foot!leading?! Alterna2ng!le@!and!right!foot! lead?!
People! • The!same!distance!as!your! partner?! • The!length!of!your!partner’s! body?! • In!unison!with!your!partner?!
Range! Combina8ons! As!far!as!you!can?! • Leaping!around!and!over!and! And!keep!one!leg!bent?! obstacle!course! And!bend!both!legs!in!the!air?! • Leaping!over!rope!held!by! And!keep!both!legs!straight?! partners! And!twist!your!trunk!in!the!air?! • Leaping!races! On!different!surfaces?!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
extension! takeoff!and!target! of!legs!and! body!on! takeoff!
Child!is! using! ineffec2ve! arm!swing!
Encourage!the!child!to!use!arms! to!move!through!the!air!
Arms!are! behind!or! beside!on! landing!
Encourage!the!child!to!reach! forward.!
Literacy!
leap! air! forward!
over! extend! split!
Locomotor: Galloping • • • •
Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1!
Assessment2!
Keeps!trail!leg!behind!lead!leg!–!“trail!leg”! Gallops!using!either!leg!as!lead!–!“lead!leg”! !! Displays!rhythmical!arm!movement!–!“arms!move!with!beat”! Turns!hips,!shoulders,!and!eyes!to!direc2on!of!movement!–!“twist!to!direc8on”!
Have!the!child!gallop!from!one!cone!to!the!other!for!about!25!feet! !
!! !! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! Choppy$Run! SFff$Back$Leg! Smooth$Rhythmical$$ Resembles!rhythmically!uneven!run! SlowAmoderate!tempo,!choppy!rhythm! Smooth,!rhythmical!paBern,!moderate!tempo! ! Trail!leg!crosses!in!front!of!lead!leg!during!airborne! Trail!leg!s2ff! Feet!remain!close!to!ground! phase,!remains!in!front!at!contact! Hips!o@en!oriented!sideways! Hips!oriented!forward! ! Arms!of!liBle!use! Ver2cal!component!exaggerated! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! 1. Walk!sideways!on!a!straight!line,!following!the!line! 7. Clap!the!rhythm!of!each!step!to!develop!less!of! 13. Gallop!in!a!small!space!while!prac2cing! 2. Walk!around!a!circle!slowly! a!choppy!movement! different!pathways!and!dodging!others! ! 3. Walk!sideways!around!the!circle!watching!the! 8. Encourage!the!student!to!move!a!liBle!faster! 14. Alternate!galloping!and!sliding!on! middle! and!focus!on!li@ing!their!feet!off!the!ground! command!while!changing!speeds!and! ! 4. Iden2fy!a!lead!foot!and!a!trail!foot,!place!tape!on! 9. Gallop!between!cones!and!stop!on!command! pathways!and!dodging!others! the!lead!foot! 10. Gallop!around!sta2onary!objects! 15. Pretend!to!be!a!circus!pony:!gallop! ! 5. Step!together,!step!together!at!a!slow!pace! 11. Galloping!with!non!dominant!side! forward!and!backward,!stop!on!command! 6. Gallop!with!lead!foot!in!front,!rhythmically,!at!a!slow! 12. Gallop!while!changing!speed!and!direc2on!on! 16. Gallop!with!a!friend! ! pace! command! 17. Gallop!around!the!circle!while!catching!a! ! ball!thrown!by!the!teacher!in!the!middle! ! of!the!circle!(be!sure!they!have!good! catching!skills)! ! ! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! !! Effort! Force! Level! Objects! Use!colored!tape!to!mark!footsteps! There!is!an! ! Can$you$gallop…! Can$you$gallop…$ Can$you$gallop…$ inconsistent! on!the!floor!and!help!establish! Landing!flatAfooted?! Landing!on!your!toes?! Very!quietly?! While!pretending!you!are! dragging!and!elephant?! • While!pretending!you!are! trying!to!escape!a!charging! elephant?!
• Sideways!and!get!smaller?! • Sideways!and!get!bigger?! • Somewhere!in!between!big! and!small?! • And!change!levels!as!I!raise! or!lower!my!hand?!
Time! As!fast!as!you!can?! As!slow!as!you!can?! To!the!beat!of!a!drum?! In!2me!to!the!music?!
Direc8on! • Sideways?! • Forward!or!backward! (gallop)?! • To!the!le@!or!right?! • To!the!le@!four!steps!and! then!to!the!right!four!steps?! • Alterna2ng!le@!and!right?! • In!the!direc2on!I!point?!
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
Flow! Keeping!both!legs!s2ff?! Keeping!one!leg!s2ff?! Keeping!your!trunk!erect?! Bending!forward!at!your! waist?!
• From!one!line!to!the!other?! • From!one!line!to!the!other!as! many!2mes!as!you!can!in! thirty!seconds?! • In!either!direc2on!while! bouncing!and!catching!a!ball?! • In!either!direc2on!while! dribbling!a!ball?! People! • Facing!a!partner!and!travel!in! the!same!direc2on?! • Facing!a!partner!and!travel!in! a!opposite!direc2on?! !
Range! Combina8ons! • To!your!right!(or!le@)!as!far!as! • Gallop/slide!to!a!line!and! you!can!un2l!I!say!stop?! come!back! • Taking!big!steps?! • Taking!small!steps?!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
stepAhop! paBern!
paBern!
There!is!a!lack! Clap!the!rhythm!for!children!! of!rhythm!in! the!skip! Movements! are! exaggerated! Slight!loss!of! balance!from! 2me!to!2me! Children!are! landing!flat! footed!
Encourage!the!children!to!life!their! feet!just!off!the!ground! Have!the!child!slow!the!skip!down! and!exaggerate!the!hop!por2on!of! the!skip! Ask!children!to!see!if!they!can!make! their!skip!as!“quiet”!as!possible!
Literacy!
gallop! forward! open!! lead!
horse! sideways! close! follow!
Locomotor: Sliding Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • •
Assessment2!
Keeps!trail!leg!behind!lead!leg!–!“trail!leg”! Legs!open!and!close!in!sliding!–!“open!and!close”! !! Displays!rhythmical!arm!movement!–!“arms!move!with!beat”! Keep!body!sideways!while!looking!forward–!“sideways”!
Have!the!child!slide!from!one!cone!to!the!other!for!about!25!feet! !
!! !! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! Choppy$Run! SFff$Back$Leg! Smooth$Rhythmical$$ Resembles!rhythmically!uneven!run! SlowAmoderate!tempo,!choppy!rhythm! Smooth,!rhythmical!paBern,!moderate!tempo! ! Trail!leg!crosses!in!front!of!lead!leg!during!airborne! Trail!leg!s2ff! Feet!remain!close!to!ground! phase,!remains!in!front!at!contact! Hips!o@en!oriented!sideways! Hips!oriented!sideways! ! LiBle!arm!ac2on! Ver2cal!component!exaggerated! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! 1. Walk!sideways!on!a!straight!line,!following!the!line! 7. Clap!the!rhythm!of!each!step!to!develop!less!of! 13. Slide!in!a!small!space!while!prac2cing! 2. Walk!around!a!circle!slowly! a!choppy!movement! different!pathways!and!dodging!others! ! 3. Walk!sideways!around!the!circle!watching!the! 8. Encourage!the!student!to!move!a!liBle!faster! 14. Alternate!galloping!and!sliding!on! middle! and!focus!on!li@ing!their!feet!off!the!ground! command!while!changing!speeds!and! ! 4. Iden2fy!a!lead!foot!and!a!trail!foot,!place!tape!on! 9. Slide!between!cones!and!stop!on!command! pathways!and!dodging!others! the!lead!foot! 10. Slide!around!sta2onary!objects! 15. Slide!with!a!friend! ! 5. Step!together,!step!together!at!a!slow!pace! 11. Switch!trail!foot!and!lead!foot!and!try!sliding! 16. Slide!around!the!circle!while!catching!a! 6. Slide!with!lead!foot!in!front,!rhythmically,!at!a!slow! 12. Slide!while!changing!speed!and!direc2on!on! ball!thrown!by!the!teacher!in!the!middle! ! pace! command! of!the!circle!(be!sure!they!have!good! 7. Slide!around!a!circle! ! catching!skills)! ! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! ! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! ! Force! Level! Objects! Use!colored!tape!to!mark!footsteps! There!is!an! Can$you$slide/gallop…! Can$you$slide/gallop…$ Can$you$slide/gallop…$ !! inconsistent! on!the!floor!and!help!establish! • Landing!flatAfooted?! • Sideways!and!get!smaller?! • From!one!line!to!the!other?! paBern! stepAhop! • Landing!on!your!toes?! • Sideways!and!get!bigger?! • From!one!line!to!the!other!as! ! paBern! • Very!quietly?! • While!pretending!you!are! dragging!and!elephant?! • While!pretending!you!are! trying!to!escape!a!charging! elephant?! Time! • • • •
As!fast!as!you!can?! As!slow!as!you!can?! To!the!beat!of!a!drum?! In!2me!to!the!music?!
Flow! • • • •
Keeping!both!legs!s2ff?! Keeping!one!leg!s2ff?! Keeping!your!trunk!erect?! Bending!forward!at!your! waist?!
• Somewhere!in!between!big! and!small?! • And!change!levels!as!I!raise! or!lower!my!hand?!
Direc8on! • Sideways?! • Forward!or!backward! (gallop)?! • To!the!le@!or!right?! • To!the!le@!four!steps!and! then!to!the!right!four!steps?! • Alterna2ng!le@!and!right?! • In!the!direc2on!I!point?! Range!
many!2mes!as!you!can!in! thirty!seconds?! • In!either!direc2on!while! bouncing!and!catching!a!ball?! • In!either!direc2on!while! dribbling!a!ball?! People! • Facing!a!partner!and!travel!in! the!same!direc2on?! • Facing!a!partner!and!travel!in! a!opposite!direc2on?! !
There!is!a!lack! Clap!the!rhythm!for!children!! of!rhythm!in! the!skip! Movements! are! exaggerated!
Encourage!the!children!to!life!their! feet!just!off!the!ground!
Slight!loss!of! Have!the!child!slow!the!skip!down! balance!from! and!exaggerate!the!hop!por2on!of! 2me!to!2me! the!skip! Children!are! landing!flat! footed!
Ask!children!to!see!if!they!can!make! their!skip!as!“quiet”!as!possible!
Literacy! Combina8ons!
• To!your!right!(or!le@)!as!far!as! • Gallop/slide!to!a!line!and! you!can!un2l!I!say!stop?! come!back! • Taking!big!steps?! • Taking!small!steps?!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
slide! forward! open!! lead!
s2cky! sideways! close! follow!
Locomotor: Hopping Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • •
Takes!off!on!one!foot!and!lands!on!the!same!foot!A!“one!foot”! Holds!knee!behind!body!at!90!degree!angle!–!“make!an!L!shape”! !! Uses!arms!for!li@!–!“arms”! Displays!rhythmical!hopping!–!“hop!to!a!beat”! !! Maintains!balance!–!“controlled”!
Assessment2! Have!the!child!hop!three!2mes!on!one!foot!and!then!the!other! foot! ! !
!! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Foot$in$Front! Foot$by$Support$Leg! Foot$Behind$Support$Leg! Perpendicular$Free$Leg! Nonsupport!foot!in!front!with!thigh! Nonsupport!knee!flexed!with!knee!in! Nonsupport!thigh!ver2cal!with!foot! Nonsupport!leg!is!bent,!knee!pumps! ! parallel!to!floor! front!and!foot!behind!support!leg!! behind!support!leg,!knee!flexed! forward!and!back!in!perpendicular! Body!erect! Slight!body!lean!forward! More!body!lean!forward! ac2on! ! Hands!shoulder!height! Bilateral!arm!ac2on!! Bilateral!arm!ac2on!! Forward!body!lean! ! Arm!opposi2on!with!swing!leg! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! 1. Balance!on!spots!(two!feet,!one!foot)! 14. Hop!with!support!5!2mes!on!spot!(dominant)! 22. Hopping!in!a!line!of!poly!spots! 2. Balance!on!dominant!leg!with!support! 15. Hop!with!support!5!2mes!on!spot!(nonAdominant)! 23. Hopping!on!a!line!and!traveling!on! ! 3. Balance!on!dominant!leg!without!support! 16. Hop!without!support!5!2mes!on!spot!(dominant)! a!line! 4. Balance!on!one!leg!and!swing!opposite!leg! 17. Hop!without!support!5!2mes!on!spot!(nonAdominant)! 24. Balance!on!one!leg!and!hop!into! ! 5. Complete!balance!profession!if!needed!! 18. Hop!to!a!loca2on!(do!not!hop!in!a!sta2onary!place! hulaAhoop! 6. Running!10!feet!(straight!line)! anymore)!with!dominant!leg! 25. Balance!on!one!leg!and!hop!over! ! 7. Jump!in!place!on!spot! 19. Hop!to!a!loca2on!with!nonAdominant!leg! the!pool!noodle! 8. Run!and!jump! 20. Hop!onto!a!poly!spot!and!off!a!poly!spot! 26. Balance!on!one!leg!and!hop!down! ! 9. One!foot!jump!to!two!foot!land! 21. Hop!over!a!line! the!line! 10. Hop!while!holding!onto!you!or!the!wall!with!2!hands! 27. Hopping!in!open!space!in!a!variety! ! 11. Hop!while!holding!onto!you!or!the!wall!with!1!hand! of!direc2ons! 12. Hop!once!with!help!dominant!foot! 28. Hopping!through!and!over!and! ! 13. Hop!once!with!help!nonAdominant!foot! obstacle!course! ! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! Space! Rela8onship! !! Effort! If…! Then…! Force! Level! Objects! ! Can$you$hop…! Can$you$hop…$ Can$you$hop…$ Provide!flat!obstacles!for!the!child!to! • As!quietly!as!you!can?! • As!loudly!as!you!can?! • Alterna2ng!hard!and!so@! landings?! • Hard!four!2mes!on!your!le@,! then!so@!four!2mes!on!your! right?! Time! • As!fast!as!possible?! • As!slowly!as!possible?! • Star2ng!slow!and!gerng! slower?! • In!2me!to!the!music?!
Flow! • Without!using!your!arms?! • Using!only!the!arm!opposite! your!hopping!foot?! • Alterna2ng!feet!every!eight! (four,!two)!beats?!
• • • • • •
In!a!small!ball?! In!a!crouched!posi2on?! With!liBle!crouched!hops?! As!high!as!you!can?! At!a!medium!height?! Staying!lower!than!my!hand?!
• • • • • • •
Over!the!rope?! In!a!hoop?! Over!the!cones?! Around!the!cones?! While!bouncing!a!ball?! While!catching!a!tossed!ball?! While!tossing!and!catching!a! selfAtossed!ball?!
• • • • • •
Direc8on! In!place?! Forward?! Backward?! Sideways?! And!turn!in!the!air?! And!make!a!quarter!(half,! threeAquarter,!full)!turn?!
People! • In!rhythm!with!a!partner?! • Forward!holding!hands?! • Facing!each!other!and! hopping!in!unison!to!the!wall?! • Imita2ng!your!partner’s!arm! ac2ons?!
Range! Combina8ons! • In!your!own!space?! • Hopscotch! • From!spot!to!spot?! • And!land!on!a!different!carpet! square!each!2me?! • And!land!on!the!same!spot?! • And!land!in!as!small!a!spot!as! possible?! • And!land!in!as!large!a!spot!as! possible?!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
Child!is!not! actually! gerng!off! the!ground!
try!to!hop!over!(rope!or!line)!
Have!the!child!verbalize!the!parts!of! Hopping! appears!very! the!hop!out!loud!(bent!knees,!pushA uncoordinate off,!arm!swing,!landing)! d!and! awkward! Child!is! unable!to! alternate! hopping!foot!! Child!is!using! insufficient! arm!swing!
Encourage!the!child!to!prac2ce! hopping!on!each!foot!separately!!! Encourage!the!child!to!stand!in!a! sta2onary!posi2on!and!swing!arms! to!imitate!a!hopping!mo2on!
Literacy!
hop! L!shape! 90! take!off!
1!foot! rhythm! pendulum! land!
Locomotor: Horizontal Jumping Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • •
Eyes!focused!forward!–!“look!ahead”! Bends!knees!and!body!at!waist!in!prepara2on!for!jump!A!“bend!then!explode”! !! Swings!arms!fully!in!a!backwardAforward!direc2on!–!“swing”! Extends!body!in!flight!and!lands!with!bent!knees!–!“expand”! !! Takes!off!and!lands!on!two!feet!–!“soU!feet”!
Assessment2! Have!a!star2ng!line!on!the!floor!tell!the!child!to!jump!as!far!as!they! can! !
!! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Braking$arms! Winging$Arms! Arms$swing$to$head! Full$Body$Extension! Arms!act!as!“brakes”! Arms!act!as!“wings”! Arms!move!forward,!elbows!in!front! Complete!arm!and!leg!extension!at! ! Large!ver2cal!component! Ver2cal!component!s2ll!great! of!trunk!at!takeAoff! takeAoff! Legs!not!extended! Legs!near!full!extension!! Hands!to!head!height! TakeAoff!near!45!degree!angle! ! ! TakeAoff!angle!s2ll!above!45%!Legs! Thighs!parallel!to!surface!when!feet! ! o@en!fully!extended! contact!for!landing! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! 1. Bend!your!knees!and!crouch!low,!come!back!up! 12. Jump!off!a!heightened!box! 20. Jump!over!a!heightened!box! and!reach!high,!stretch!high,!push!feet!against!floor! 13. Jump!off!a!box!but!into!a!hula!hoop!with!controlled! 21. Jump!and!make!different!shapes!(wide,! ! 2. Have!student!jump!to!hit!target!that!is!above!their! landing! narrow,!star)! head! 14. Place!three!small!hula!hoops!in!front!of!hoop,! 22. Jump!over!separated!ropes!on!the! ! 3. Jump!with!hard!(loud)!landing! choose!a!hoop!to!jump!in! floor,!move!ropes!farther!away!to!jump! 4. Jump!with!so@!(quiet)!landing! 15. Place!two!cones!with!a!noodle!across!in!front!of! for!distance!(maximum!length!would!be! ! 5. Jump!on!a!line!on!the!floor! hoop,!jump!from!box!over!the!noodle! child’s!own!length)! 6. Jump!over!a!line!on!the!floor! 16. Jump!off!a!book!and!land!sideways!in!balance!(90A! 23. Jump!through!an!obstacle!course! ! 7. Jump!forwards!and!backwards! both!sides)! 24. Jump!for!distance! 8. Jump!sideways! 17. Jump!off,!turn!and!land!backwards!(180)! ! ! 9. Jump!over!a!rope!on!the!floor! 18. Jump!off,!turn!and!land!forwards!(360)! 10. Jump!into!and!out!of!a!hoop!that!is!on!the!floor! 19. Jump!up!to!a!heightened!box! ! 11. Play!music!and!have!students!jump!to!the!beat! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! ! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! !! Force! Level! Objects! Child!is!showing! Ask!the!child!to!jump!over!a!horizontal!target,! gradually!increasing!the!distance!between!take! insufficient! Can$you$jump…! Can$you$jump…$ Can$you$jump…$ ! off!and!object.! • As!quietly!as!possible?! • From!as!small!a!posi2on! • As!loudly!as!possible?! as!you!can?! • Alterna2ng!loud!and!so@! • From!as!big!a!posi2on!as! jumps?! you!can?! • Like!a!pixie?! • And!stay!under!my! • Like!a!giant?! hand?! Time! • Very!fast?! • Very!slowly?! • Alterna2ng!fast!and!slow! jumps?! • As!if!you!were!stuck!in! molasses?! • As!if!you!were!stuck!on! ice?!
• • • • •
Flow! With!your!arms!and!legs! held!s2ffly?! Keeping!your!arms!out?! With!your!legs!out?! In!a!relaxed!manner?! Like!a!wooden!soldier?!
Direc8on! Forward?!Backward?! Sideways?! In!a!straight!line?! Several!2mes!in!a!zigzag! or!circular!paBern?! • Making!various! geometric!shapes!or! leBers!of!the!alphabet?! • While!staying!in!the! same!place?! • • • •
• • • •
Range! As!far!as!you!can?! As!near!as!you!can?! Landing!with!your!feet! wide!apart?! Landing!with!your!feet! close!together?!
• • • • •
Over!the!box?! Across!the!rope?! Through!the!hoop?! Like!a!frog!or!a!rabbit?! While!holding!this!ball?!
• • • •
People! With!a!partner?! As!far!as!your!partner?! Over!your!partner?! At!the!same!2me!as!your! partner!jumps?!
Combina8ons! • Jumping!to!reach!marks! on!the!floor! • Jumping!around!a!pond! landing!on!lily!pads! • Jumping!through!an! obstacle!course! !
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
extension!of!legs! and!body!at! takeoff!!
Encourage!the!child!to!rock!forward!in!a!heelA Child!is!using! ineffec2ve!arm! toAtoe!mo2on!while!coordina2ng!arm!swing! swing!in!the!jump! Child!is!falling! backward!on! landing! Arms!are!beside! or!behind!on! landing!
Encourage!the!child!to!reach!forward!on! landing! Use!cue!words!as!a!reminder!(reach!forward)!
Literacy!
jump!
over!
near!!
far!
light!
heavy!
on!
off!
Locomotor: Skipping Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • •
Displays!a!stepAhop!paBern!–!“stepVhop”! Uses!both!sides!of!body!alternately!–!“leU!then!right”! !! Swings!arms!in!opposi2on!to!feet!–!“arm!swing”! Displays!a!rhythmical!paBern!V!“keep!a!beat”! !! Focuses!eye!forward!A!“look!ahead”!
Assessment2! Have!the!child!skip!from!one!cone!to!another!for!about!25!feet! ! !
!! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! Broken$Skip! High$Arms$&$Legs! Rhythmical$Skip! Broken!skip!paBern!or!irregular!rhythm! Rhythmical!skip!paBern! Arm!ac2on!reduced/hands!below!shoulders! ! Slow,!deliberate!movement! Arms!provide!body!li@! Easy,!rhythmical!movement! Ineffec2ve!arm!ac2on! Excessive!ver2cal!component! Support!foot!near!surface!on!hop!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! If$a$child$can’t$skip,$you$must$return$to$the$walking$ Skipping!in!selfAspace!or!directed!by!teacher!in! Skip!in!general!space!with!others! and$hopping$staFon$and$come$back$once$they$can$ general!space! 11. Skip!with!partner! ! do$both.$They$also$must$know$how$to$gallop$and$ 5. Skip!in!selfAspace! 12. Skipping!in!combina2on!of!different!locomotor! slide$before$skipping$ 6. Skip!using!different!direc2ons!and!pathways! movements!! ! 1. Prac2ce!stepAhop!in!selfAspace!“!step!forward! 7. Skip!on!lines!on!ground! 13. Skipping!while!carrying!objects!! and!hop!on!the!same!foot”!! 8. Skip!while!the!teacher!claps!the!rhythm! 14. Skipping!on!different!rhythms!! ! 2. Do!the!same!with!other!foot! 9. Skip!at!different!speeds! 15. Skipping!through!an!obstacle!course! ! 3. Li@!knees!sharply!upward! 10. Skip!landing!heavy!or!light! 4. Swing!arms!upward!in!2me!with!legs!(rhythm)! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! ! Space! Rela8onship! ! Effort! If…! Then…! Force! Level! Objects! ! Can$you$skip…! Can$you$skip…$ Can$you$skip…$ Use!colored!tape!to!mark!footsteps!on!the!floor! There!is!an! • As!quietly!as!you!can?! • While!making!yourself! • Without!touching!any! !! inconsistent!stepA and!help!establish!paBern! • As!a!giant!would?! very!small?!(gradually! of!the!lines!on!the! hop!paBern! • As!loudly!as!you!can?! get!smaller)! floor?! ! • Landing!heavily!on!one! • As!tall!as!you!can?! • Without!touching!any! foot!and!lightly!on!the! other?! • Alterna2ng!loud/quiet! and!hard/so@!skips?!
Time! • As!fast!as!you!can?! • As!slow!as!you!can?! • As!if!you!were!on!a! sandy!beach?! • Downhill?! • Uphill?! • To!the!beat!of!a!drum?!
Flow! • Without!using!your! arms?! • Swinging!your!arms! outward,!inward,!or! diagonally?! • Like!a!toy!solider?! • In!a!relaxed!manner?!
• With!a!high!knee!li@?! cracks!in!the!cement?! • Barely!raising!your!feet! • And!try!to!step!on!each! off!the!ground?! line!or!crack?! • While!carrying!a!heavy! object?! ! Direc8on! • Forward?!Backward?! • To!the!le@?!To!the! right?! • Diagonally?! • In!a!straight!line?! • In!a!curved!line?! • In!a!zigzag!line?! • In!a!circle?! Range!
There!is!a!lack!of! Clap!the!rhythm!for!children!! rhythm!in!the!skip! Movements!are! exaggerated!
Encourage!the!children!to!life!their!feet!just!off! the!ground!
People! • With!a!partner?! • Going!backward!while! your!partner!moves! forward?! • In!unison!with!a! partner?! • While!holding!both! your!partner’s!hands?! !
Slight!loss!of! Have!the!child!slow!the!skip!down!and! balance!from!2me! exaggerate!the!hop!por2on!of!the!skip! to!2me! Children!are! Ask!children!to!see!if!they!can!make!their!skip!as! landing!flat!footed! “quiet”!as!possible!
Combina8ons!
• And!see!how!many! • Tag!while!skipping! complete!skips!it!takes! • Combine!effort,!space,! to!cross!the!room?! and!rela2onship! • And!measure!how! concepts:!e.g.!can!you! much!space!you!cover! skip!as!quietly!as!you! in!one!complete!skip?! can!while!you!make! • With!your!legs!wide! yourself!very!big!and! apart?! without!touching!any! lines!on!the!floor?!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
Literacy!
skip! step! small! around!
rhythm! hop! large! along!
Manipulative: Underhand Rolling Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • •
Assessment2!
Focus!eyes!on!targetA!“eyes!on!target”! Roll!ball!with!backward!and!forward!arm!swing!–!“swing”! !! Step!forward!with!leg!opposite!to!the!hand!holding!the!ball!–!“3!steps”! Bends!knees!and!releases!the!ball!along!floor!–!“bend!&!release!low”! !! Follows!through!with!hand!poin2ng!at!target!–!“follow!through”!
Tennis!ball:!3A6,!so@ball:!7A10.!Roll!from!20!@!away! between!2!cones!4!@!apart! !
!! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Elementary!Stage! Mature!Stage! ! Ini8al!Stage! Stride$stance$ Contralateral$Step$ ! Straddle$Stance$ Ball!is!held!with!hands!on!side! Ball!held!with!one!hand!on!boBom!and!the!other!on!top! Ball!held!in!hand!corresponding!to!trailing!leg! Palms!facing!each!other! Backward!arm!swing!without!weight!transfer!to!the!rear! Slight!hip!rota2on!and!trunk!lean!forward! ! Acute!bend!at!the!sides! Limited!knee!bend! Pronounced!knee!bend! Backwards!pendulum!mo2on! Forward!swing!with!limited!followAthrough! Forward!swing!with!weight!transfer!fro!back!to! ! Eyes!monitor!the!ball! Ball!released!between!knee!and!waist!level! front!foot! Forward!swing!and!trunk!li@!to!release!ball! Eyes!alternate!monitoring!target!and!ball! Release!at!knee!level!or!below! ! ! Eyes!on!target!throughout! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al! Elementary! Mature! ! 1. Sirng!roll!with!two!hands!to!teacher! 5. Standing!roll!with!small!one!handed!ball!into!open! 9. Standing!behind!line,!step!over!with!a!big!ball,! 2. Sirng!roll!with!two!hands!at!a!greater! space! do!step!8!of!elementary!stage! ! distance! 6. Stand!behind!line!and!roll!ball!between!two!cones! 10. Follow!step!9!with!big!ball!and!use!bowling!pins! 3. Sirng!roll!using!two!hands!with!a!group! 7. Stand!over!line!with!the!side!of!hand!the!rolls!behind! as!target! ! 4. Standing!roll!ball!with!two!hands!bent! the!line!to!introduce!knee!bending!and!hip!rota2on! over!swinging!ball!from!between!legs!to! 8. Stand!behind!line,!step!over!with!foot!of!nonArolling! ! introduce!follow!through! side!to!combine!step,!knees!bent,!hip!rota2on,!and! follow!through!so!that!ball!goes!between!cones! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! !!Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! Force! Level! Objects! !
Can$you$roll$the$ball$…! • So@ly?! • As!hard!as!you!can?!
Can$you$roll$the$ball$…$ • While!lying!on!the! floor?! • From!your!knees?! • From!a!sirng!posi2on?!
Time! • As!slowly!as!possible?! • As!fast!as!you!can?!
Direc8on! • In!a!straight!line?! • So!that!it!curves?!
Can$you$roll$the$ball$…$ • With!different!size! balls?! • On!the!balance!beam?! • On!a!line?! • Into!a!can?! • Between!boxes?! • At!the!pins?! • • • •
Flow! • Using!your!arms!only?! • Smoothly?! • Using!only!one!side!of! your!body?! • Like!a!robot?! • Like!a!champion! bowler?!
People! To!a!partner?! Alterna2ng!back!and! forth?! Mirroring!your!partner?! Shadowing!your! partner?!
They!fail!to!control!the! ball!in!the!hand!
Use!smaller!balls!
They!fail!to!look!at!the! target!
Put!a!marker!down!for!students!to!aim!at.! Go!through!swinging!mo2on!without!a! ball!while!partner!shows!number!cards!
They!release!the!ball!and! Mark!down!a!line!for!students!to!aim!at! it!always!veers!to!one! and!follow!as!they!are!following!through.! side! Have!students!point!at!the!target!and! pause!there! They!do!not!step!in! opposi2on!
Range! Combina8ons! Around!yourself?! • Combine!effort,!space! With!your!other!hand?! and!rela2onships!as! As!far!as!you!can?! well!as!combining! As!accurately!as!you! rolling!with!other!FMS.! can?! E.g.!can!you!roll!the! • Without!moving!off!the! ball!with!different! line?! amounts!of!force?!Can! • With!an!opponent?! you!roll!the!ball!at!a! low!level!with!a! partner?! • • • •
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
Put!feet!markers!down!and!draw!a!line! for!students!to!step!over.!Show!a!T! standing!sideways!before!they!start!to! swing!the!ball.!
Literacy!
roll! bowl! opposite! swing!
low! between! aim! release!
bend! under! target! turn!
Manipulative: Catching Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • •
Focus!eyes!on!object!throughout!catch!–!“Look”! Posi2ons!body!in!the!path!of!the!object!(midline!catch)!–!“get!behind”! !! Posi2ons!one!foot!slightly!ahead!of!the!other!in!balanced!posi2on!–!“ready”! Catching!object!with!hands!–!“pinkies!together!–!thumbs!together”! !! Relaxes!and!absorbs!the!force!of!the!object!–!“soU!hands”!
Assessment2! 4’!ball,!2!lines!15@!apart.!Toss!ball!lightly/!underhand!to!child!aiming! at!chest.!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!X!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!X!
!! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! Stage!5! ! Stage!1! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Delayed$ReacFon$ Hugging$ Scooping$ Hand$catch$ Move$to$ball$ ! Delayed!arm!ac2on! Arms!encircle!ball!as!it! “to!chest”!catch! Catch!with!hands!only! Catch!with!hands!only! Arms!straight!in!front!un2l! approaches! Arms!“scoop”!under!ball!to! Feet!sta2onary!or!limited!to! Whole!body!moves!through! ! ball!contact,!then!scooping! Ball!is!“hugged”!to!chest!! trap!it!to!chest! one!step! the!space! ac2on!to!chest! Feet!are!sta2onary!or!may! Single!step!may!be!used!to! ! Feet!sta2onary! take!one!step! approach!the!ball! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al! Elementary! Mature! ! 1. Catch!a!rolled!ball!with!the!body!(trapping)! 8. Tossing!a!balloon!in!the!air!and!catching!it!with!two!hands.! 18. Moving!to!the!ball!and!catching! 2. Catch!a!rolled!ball!with!their!hands! 9. Using!a!beach!ball!and!toss!it!in!the!air!and!catch!it.! it.! ! 3. Two!handed!seated!roll!with!a!partner!4!feet! 10. Use!a!medium!sized!ball!and!just!self!toss!it!to!self.! 19. Catching!from!different! away! 11. Catch!a!beanbag/small!ball!that!is!thrown!to!self.!! direc2ons! ! 4. Two!handed!seated!roll!with!a!partner!8!feet! 12. Catching!a!ball!throw!at!different!levelsA!Low,!Medium,!or!High! 20. Catching!at!different!levels! away! (sta2onary)!! 21. Catching!objects!coming!at! ! 5. Standing!and!rolling!ball!back!and!forth!with! 13. Self!toss!sideways!and!catch! different!speeds.! partner.! 14. Catching!a@er!a!bounce! ! ! 6. Pushing!and!catching!a!tethered!ball.!Hugging! 15. Tossing!with!a!partner!close!by!–!bean!bag! and!scooping.! 16. Underhand!toss!with!a!partner!from!2!feet!away.!Choice!in!ball! ! 7. Pushing!and!catching!a!tethered!ball.!Only! (bigger!is!easier)! using!hands.! 17. Underhand!toss!with!a!partner!from!4!feet!away.!Choice!in!ball!! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! !!Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! Force! Level! Objects! Eyes!not!on!object! Mark!the!ball!with!an!X!and!ask!to!look!at!X.!Use! ! Can$you$catch$…$ • Without!making!a! sound!with!your!hands?! • As!loudly!as!you!can?! • Keeping!your!arms! straight?! • Keeping!your!arms! bent?! Time! • And!go!with!the!ball?! • Without!going!with!the! ball?! • The!ball!as!quickly!as! possible?! • A@er!wai2ng!for!the! ball!as!long!as!you!can?! Flow!
Can$you$catch$…$ • A!ball!tossed!low! • A!ball!tossed!medium! • A!ball!tossed!high! • At!different!levels?! • From!sirng!posi2on?! • From!different! posi2ons?! Direc8on!
• A!ball!tossed!in!front?! • A!ball!tossed!from!an! angle?! • A!ball!tossed!from!the! side?! • A!ball!tossed!from! above?! • Different!direc2ons?! Range!
Can$you$catch$…! • A!playground!ball! • A!small!ball/A!large!ball! • A!beanbag?! • Different!objects?! • Different!balls?!
People! • A!ball!while!holding! hands!with!a!partner?! • While!holding!one!hand! with!a!partner?!
two!colored!balls!and!ask!them!to!catch!the! correct!color!
Can’t!catch!ball! Catch!ball!that!is!rolled!first.!Have!child!drop!ball! thrown!by!partner! and!catch!it! Trouble!catching! ball!thrown!by! partner!
Let!the!ball!bounce!before!catching!it!
Cradling!ball! against!chest!!
Select!larger,!lighter!balls.!Have!child!reach!for! ball!to!catch!it!without!touching!his/her!chest!
With!partners,! Thrower!should!toss!underhand!in!catcher’s!zone! catcher!must! so!that!partner!doesn’t!need!to!move.!Encourage! move!to!catch!and! midline!catching! is!unsuccessful! Trouble!catching! small!objects!
Literacy!
Combina8ons!
• A!ball!as!smoothly!as! • Using!different!body! • First!in!isola2on,!next! you!can?! parts?! combine!effort,!space! • With!varying!degrees!of! • From!different! and!rela2onships.!E.g.! smoothness?! posi2ons?! can!you!catch!a!selfA • With!one!eye!closed?! tossed!ball!at!waist! • With!both!eyes!closed?! level!while!jumping!in! the!air! References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
Increase!size!of!object!–!difficult!to!throw!but! easier!to!catch!
catch! low! pinkies! behind!
so@! medium! thumbs! hands!
hard! high! look! ready!
Manipulative: Kicking Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • • •
Assessment2!
Focuses!eyes!on!target!–!“Eyes!on!target”! Steps!beside!the!ball!with!nonAkicking!foot!–!“Plant!foot”! !! Bends!body!at!waist,!ini2ates!kick!from!hip!–!“Lean!in”! Bends!kicking!leg!(knee!over!ball)!to!contact!with!shoelaces!–!“shoelaces”! !! Swings!arms!in!opposi2on!to!kicking!foot!–!“swing”! Follows!through!with!kicking!leg!poin2ng!to!target!–!“swing!through”! !!
Run!and!kick!a!sta2onary!ball!for!20! feet! !
! Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! Sta2onary!Push! Sta2onary!Leg!swing! Moving!approach! LeapAkickAhop! ! LiBle/no!leg!windup! Leg!windup!to!the!rear! Foot!travels!in!a!low!arc! Rapid!approach! ! Sta2onary!posi2on! Sta2onary!posi2on! Arm/leg!opposi2on! Backward!trunk!lean!during!windup! Foot!“pushes”!ball! Opposi2on!of!arms!and!legs! Forward!or!sideward!step!on!followA Leap!before!kick! ! Step!backward!a@er!kick! through! Hop!a@er!kick! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! 1. Check!ability!to!balance!and!walk!–!complete!those! 7. Kick!sta2onary!ball!that!is!laying!on!bean! 13. Run!and!kick!a!slow!moving!ball! progressions!if!needed.! ! bag,! 14. Run!and!kick!a!slow!moving!ball!at!a!large!target! 2. Walk!6!feet!and!balance!on!one!foot!(then!try!other! 8. Stand!and!kick!sta2onary!ball!at!wall! 15. Place!ball!on!bean!bag!and!kick!with!nonA foot)!! 9. One!step!approach!and!kick!at!wall! dominant!foot! 3. Hold!onto!walk!and!do!a!con2nuous!kicking!mo2on! 10. Run!and!kick!sta2onary!ball! 16. If!they!are!willing!to!aBempt!#15!then!start!back! ! 4. Hold!onto!wall/chair!and!kick!“Easy!Ball”! 11. Run!and!kick!sta2onary!ball!at!wall! at!beginning!using!nonAdominant!foot! 5. Stand!and!kick!Easy!Ball! ! 6. Place!foot!next!to!Easy!ball!and!kick.!Put!s2cker!on! 12. Run!and!kick!sta2onary!ball!at!target!–! ball!to!show!where!to!kick.!Put!s2cker!on!kicking! first!large,!than!smaller! foot.!! ! ! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! Space! Rela8onship! ! Effort! If…! Then…! Force! Level! Objects! !! There!is!limited! Without!using!ball,!prac2ce!fullArange!leg!swing! Can$you$kick$the$ball$…! Can$you$kick$the$ball$…$ Can$you$kick$the$ball$…$ back!swing! with!kicking!leg! • As!hard!as!you!can?! • High?! • And!hit!the!wall?! ! • As!so@!as!you!can?! • With!a!forceful!leg! swing!but!so@!kick?! • With!lazy!leg!swing!but! forceful!kick?! • So!it!goes!fast?! • So!it!goes!slow?! • From!here!so!it!hits!the! wall!in!5!seconds?! • From!here!so!it!hits!the! wall!in!2!seconds?! • From!here!and!turn! around!before!it!hits! the!wall?! • And!touch!the!floor! before!it!hits!the!wall?! Flow! • With!a!big!leg!swing?! • With!no!knee!bend?! • Without!using!your! arms?! • With!no!follow! through?! • With!no!backswing?!
• Low?! • So!it!stays!on!the! ground?! • So!it!doesn’t!go!higher! than!your!waist?!
• • • • !
• And!hit!different!size! targets?! • Over!a!goal?! • Into!a!goal?! • Under!a!rope?! • Around!cones?!
Direc8on!
People!
Forward?! Backward?! Diagonally?! Alterna2ng!le@!and! right!feet!(dribbling)!
• To!a!partner?! • To!a!partner!while! walking!(passing)! • At!different!levels!to!a! partner?! • In!different!direc2ons! to!a!partner?! • With!different!forces!to! a!partner?!
Range! • As!far!as!you!can?! • As!near!as!you!can?! • With!your!feet!wide! apart?! • With!your!body!in! different!posi2ons?! • With!your!opposite! foot?!
NonAkicking!foot!is! Place!a!mark!where!child!should!place!their!foot! not!planted!next! to!ball! Instep!of!foot! Make!a!mark!on!the!ball!to!show!the!point!of! does!not!contact! contact! ball!below!center! Kicking!foot!does! not!follow! through!
Combina8ons! • Combine!effort,!space! and!rela2onship!a@er! trying!them!in! isola2on.!E.g.!can!you! find!ways!to!kick!the! ball!with!different! amounts!of!force!and! at!different!levels!with! your!partner?!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
Without!ball,!coach!the!child!to!swing!through! with!kicking!leg!to!touch!fingers!of!outstretch! opposite!arm!
Literacy!
kick!
low!
high!
so@!
hard!
swing!
soccer!
tap!
plant!
inside!
foot!
target!
Manipulative: Overhand Throw Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • • •
Focuses!eyes!on!target!–!“eyes!on!target”! Bends!and!hold!elbow!back!at!shoulder!height!behind!ear!–!“W”! !! Rotates!hips!so!that!opposite!shoulder!is!in!line!with!the!target!–!“rotate”! Steps!forward!with!foot!opposite!to!throwing!arm!–!“step!forward”! !! Shi@s!weight!from!back!to!front!foot!–!“back!to!front”! Leads!throw!with!elbow,!follows!through!down!and!across!V!“follow!through”! !!
Assessment2! 20!feet!from!wall,!child!throws!tennis!ball!hard!at!the!wall! !
Stages!of!Motor!Development ! ! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! Stage!5! ! Stage!1! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Chop$ Sling$shot$ Ipsilateral$step$ Contralateral$step$ Windup$ Ver2cal!windup! Horizontal!windAup! High!windup! High!windup! Downward!arc!windup! ! “Chop”!throw! “sling!shot!throw”! Feet!cross!over! Contralateral!step! Contralateral!step! Feet!sta2onary! Block!rota2on! LiBle!spinal!rota2on! LiBle!spinal!rota2on! Segmented!body!rota2on! ! No!spinal!rota2on! FollowAthrough!across!body! FollowAthrough!across!body! FollowAthrough!across!body! ArmAleg!followAthrough! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! Elementary! Mature! ! Ini8al! 1. Use!balloon!to!hit!with! 13. Throw!to!a!partner!moving!laterally! 4. Increase!distance!to!10@!and!remove!foot!markers! ! throwing!mo2on! 5. Change!to!a!beanbag!from!same!distance!and!throw!at!a!wall! 14. Throw!to!a!partner!moving!towards!you! 2. Throw!yarn!ball!at!a!wall! 15. Throw!to!a!partner!moving!away!from!you! 6. Throw!a!beanbag!at!a!large!target!on!the!wall! ! with!overhand!throw! 16. Throw!to!a!partner!standing!sta2onary!while!you! 7. Decrease!size!of!target!and!increase!distance!to!15@! 3. Place!tape!or!poly!spots! (person!throwing)!moves!laterally! ! 8. Throw!with!a!small!ball!(ie!tennis!ball)!and!repeat!steps!6A9! on!ground!to!show!proper! 17. Throw!to!a!partner!standing!sta2onary!while!you! 9. Increase!size!and!weight!of!ball!and!repeat!steps!6A9! foot!loca2ons;!standing! (person!throwing)!move!towards!target! ! with!opposi2on,!make!a! 18. Throw!to!a!partner!standing!sta2onary!while!you! 10. Throw!to!a!partner!that!has!a!mature!catching!paBern! “T”!and!then!throw! (person!throwing)!moves!away!from!target!(throw! 11. Throw!for!accuracy!to!a!partner!in!a!sta2onary!posi2on! ! approximately!5@!away! while!walking!backward)! 12. Throw!for!distance!to!a!partner!in!a!sta2onary!posi2on! ! 19. Throw!while!you!and!a!partner!are!moving!the!same! ! ! way!(laterally,!towards!and!away!from!each!other)! 20. Throw!while!moving!in!opposite!direc2ons! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! ! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! !!Force! Level! Objects! Children!are!not! They!should!straddle!a!line!so!that!the! standing!sideways!to! shoulder!opposite!the!throwing!hand!faces! Can$you$throw…$ Can$you$throw$…! Can$you$throw$…$ ! target! the!target! • As!so@!as!you!can?! • Up!high?! • Different!size!balls?! 3
• As!hard!as!you!can?! • So!the!ball!makes!noise! when!it!hits!the!wall?! • Alterna2ng!hard!and! so@!throws?! • Stepping!forward!with! loud!noise?!
• Down!low?! • As!low!as!you!can?! • At!the!wall!as!high!as! you!can?! • A!different!level! targets?! • Alterna2ng!heights?!
Time! • As!slowly!as!possible?! • As!fast!as!you!can?! • Moving!throwing!arms! as!fast!as!you!can?! • Twist!your!body!as!fast! as!you!can?!
Direc8on!
At!a!target?! Into!a!bucket?! Over!a!rope?! Inside!a!hoop?!
People!
• • • •
Forward?! Backward?! To!the!side?! At!an!angle?!
Range!
Combina8ons!
• • • • • • • • !
As!far!as!you!can! As!near!as!you!can?! With!your!right!hand?! With!your!le@!hand?! With!both!hands?! Overhand?! Underhand?! Sidearm?!
• Explore!combining! effort,!space!and! rela2onship.!E.g.!can! you!and!your!partner! find!3!different!ways!to! throw!at!the!target! from!a!far!distance?!
Flow! • Using!as!liBle! movement!as!possible?! • Like!a!robot?! • Without!using!your! trunk?! • Without!using!your! legs?! • Using!only!one!other! body!part!besides!your! throwing!arm?! • As!smoothly!as!you! can?!
• • • •
• To!a!partner?! • As!far!as!your!partner?! • As!hard!or!so@!at!your! partner?! • The!same!way!as!your! partner?!
They!take!object! They!should!make!a!downward!circle!and!take! upwards!in! object!behind!the!head! prepara2on!to!throw! Children!are!not! keeping!eyes!on! target!
Partner!hold!flashcards!with!numbers!or! leBers!as!thrower!goes!through!ac2on! without!throwing!
There!is!no! opposi2on!
Partner!can!hold!the!object!to!be!thrown! behind!the!thrower!so!that!the!thrower!has!to! reach!behind!
Small!step!in! opposi2on!
Place!skipping!rope!a!bit!further!and!coach! them!to!step!bigger!
Rotate!trunk!and!hips! Lead!them!into!how!to!isolate!the!hip!first,! in!block!forma2on! next!rotate!shoulders! Ending!throw!with! throwing!hand! poin2ng!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
throw! inside! near! eyes!
Throw!the!object!and!touch!outside!of!knee! opposite!the!throwing!arm!
Literacy!
so@! over! far! turn!
hard! back! target! T!
Manipulative: Striking Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • • •
Assessment2!
Eyes!focused!on!object!being!struck!–!“Watch!ball”! Stands!side!on!to!target–!“Stand!Sideways”! !! Displays!preparatory!backswing–!“Swing!back”! Hip!and!shoulder!rota2on!during!swing!–!“Rotate”! !! Transfers!weight!from!back!to!front!foot!–!“Back!to!Front”! Follows!through!along!swinging!path!–!“Follow!Through”! !!
Hit!4’!ball!off!barng!tee.!Tell!child!to!hit!hard.! ! !
Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Ini8al!Stage! Emerging!Stages! Mature!Stage! Pushing! Ipsilateral$Step! Contralateral$Step$ ! Chop$Strike! “Chop”!StrikeAbat! Horizontal!push/swing! Back!foot!steps!across! Contralateral!step! Feet!Sta2onary! Feet!sta2onary/stepping! Diagonal!downward!swing! Segmented!body!rota2on! ! Trunk!faces!tossed!ball! Weight!shi@!to!front!foot!before! Strike!in!oblique!plane! Wrist!rollover!on!followAthrough! No!trunk!rota2on! striking! Weight!shi@s!to!back!foot! ! Elbows!fully!flexed! Combined!trunk!and!hip!rota2on! Weight!shi@!occurs!while!object!is!s2ll!moving! ! Force!comes!from!extension!of!flexed! (block!rota2on)! backwards!! joints!in!a!downward!plane! Striking!in!a!long,!full!arc!in!horizontal!plane! ! ! Weight!shi@s!to!front!foot!on!contact! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! Elementary! Mature! ! Ini8al! 1. Hit!balloon!up!in!air! 7. Hit!easy!ball!with!bat!! 13. Strike!gently!tossed!ball!(bigger!first,!smaller! ! 2. Hit!Easy!ball!with!hand! 8. Hit!ball!off!tee!with!bat!! next)!! 3. Find!small!implement!(short! 9. Hit!ball!off!tee!focusing!on!distance!(as!hard!as!possible)! 14. Strike!tossed!ball!for!distance! ! handle!racket)!and!hit!easy!ball! 10. Hit!ball!off!tee!focusing!on!placing!ball!in!different!places! 15. Strike!tossed!ball!in!different!places!! 4. Place!feet!markers!on!ground!to! ! 11. Throw!ball!up!and!strike!it! 16. Strike!tossed!ball!and!run! help!student! 12. Strike!selfA!tossed!ball!in!different!direc2ons! 5. Place!s2cker!on!ball!to!show! ! where!to!hit!the!ball.!! 6. Hit!Easy!ball!with!different! ! implements! ! Movement!Concepts3! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! !! Effort! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! ! Force! Level! Objects! They!do!not!watch! Ask!them!to!watch!an!X!marked!on!ball,! Can$you$strike$the$ball…! • As!hard!as!you!can?! • As!so@ly!as!you!can?! • So!it!makes!a!loud! noise?! • Like!a!strong!monster?! • Squarely?!
Time! • Slowly?! • Quickly?! • Firmly?!
Can$you$strike$the$ball…$ • So!it!travels!at!different! levels?! • From!a!high!to!low! level?! • From!a!low!to!high! level?!
• • • •
Direc8on! In!a!straight!line?! Up?! Down?! Forward?!
Flow! Range! • With!jerky!movement?!! • Using!different!body! • As!smoothly!as!you! parts?! can?! • Keep!it!in!your!own! space?! • With!your!other!hand?! • From!the!other!side?!
Can$you$strike$the$ball$…$ • Off!different!height! cones?! • Off!the!barng!tee?! • Over!a!rope?!Under!a! rope?! • Into!the!bucket?! • Using!different!size! objects?! People! • To!a!partner?! • As!your!partner!does?! • Tossed!by!your! partner?! Combina8ons! • Use!balloons!first! • With!partner! • Striking!ball!against! wall! • Two!square!/!Four! square!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:! New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
the!incoming!object! !use!bright!colored!ball! They!are!not! opening!up!when! preparing!to!strike!
They!should!stand!in!ready!posi2on!facing!the! object,! !then!turn!sideways!with!arms!apart!
They!strike!the! object!outside!the! hirng!zone!
Place!ball!on!large!cone!or!tee;!children! prac2ce!hirng!ball!off!tee! !–!make!sure!they!open!up!
They!are!not! transferring!weight!
Prac2ce!opening!up!with!weight!on!back!foot! and!striking!mo2on!when!shi@ing!to!front! foot.!! Without!bat!or!ball,!have!students!say!back!/! front!
They!have!trouble! striking!ball!in!air!
Allow!a!bounce!before!you!strike!
They!have!trouble! Prac2ce!with!balloons,!then!progress!to! striking!small!objects! smaller!balls! They!are!having!an! easy!2me!striking! with!hands!
Allow!prac2ce!with!paddle!bat;!start!with! popping!object!up!and!lerng!it!bounce! between!strikes!
Literacy!
strike! hit! swing!
light! turn! front!
hard! rotate! back!
Manipulative: Dribbling Performance!Indicators/Teaching!cues1! • • • • • •
Assessment2!
Eyes!focused!forward!–!“look!ahead”! Ini2ates!ball!contact!with!finger2ps–!“5!fingers”! !! Bends!and!straightens!wrist!and!elbow!to!push!the!ball–!“yoVyo”! Hips!and!knees!flexed!slightly!during!dribbling!–!“bend!and!lean!slightly”! !! Dribble!in!front!and!to!the!side!of!the!body–!“opposite!foot!forward”! Performs!a!rhythmical!series!of!controlled!dribbles–!“wave!to!the!ball”! !!
Playground!ball!for!3A5!year!olds,!basketball!for! 6A10.!Dribble!ball!4x!without!moving,!repeat!on! other!side!
Stages!of!Motor!Development3! ! ! Stage!1! Stage!2! Stage!3! Stage!4! ! Ini8al!Stage! Elementary!Stages! Mature!Stage! ! Flat$bounce$ Ball!held!with!both!hands,!one! Wrist!flexes!and! Feet!in!narrow!stance,!opposite!foot!forward! Ball!held!with!both!hands! on!top,!one!near!boBom! extends! Slight!forward!trunk!lean! ! Hands!placed!on!side!of!ball,!palms!facing!each!other! Slight!forward!lean! Ready!posi2on,! Ball!waist!high! Downward!trust!with!both!arms! Downward!trust,!force! more!steady! Ball!pushed,!fingers!used! ! Ball!contacts!surface!close!to!body,!may!contact!foot! inconsistent! More!consistent! Visual!monitoring!unnecessary! Great!varia2on!in!!height!of!bounce! Watches!ball! dribbles! Controlled!dribbling! ! Repeated!ball!catch!paBern! Palm!hits!ball! ! Limited!control!of!ball! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Progressions! Ini8al! Elementary! Mature! ! Focus!on!sta2onary!dribble!with!dominant!hand! Focus!is!on!dribbling!while!moving!in!selfAspace! Focus!is!on!dribbling!in!general!space! ! 1. Bounce!ball!that!is!hung!up!by!stocking! 9. Dribble!while!moving!in!selfAspace!(move!ball! 18. Dribbling!in!general!space!(walking)!! 2. Bounce!ball!with!two!hands!and!catch!it! forward)! 19. Dribbling!in!general!space!with!partner! ! 3. Bounce!ball!one!hand!and!catch!it! 10. Dribble!in!ready!posi2on! 20. Dribbling!in!general!space!around!obstacles!! 4. Dribble!while!slapping,!dribble!using!finger2ps! 11. Dribble!forward!/!backward!in!selfAspace! 21. Dribbling!in!general!space!in!different! ! 5. Dribble!in!a!hoop!(big!to!small)!! 12. Dribble!sideways!in!selfAspace! pathways! 6. Dribble!on!a!poly!!spot! 13. Dribble!following!court!lines! 22. Dribbling!in!general!space!in!different!levels! ! 7. Dribbling!high!and!low!&!slow!and!fast! 14. Dribbling!in!different!pathways! 23. Dribbling!in!general!space!with!different! 8. Dribble!while!looking!at!the!teacher!holding!up! 15. Dribbling!with!different!levels! speeds! ! fingers! 16. Dribbling!while!changing!direc2ons! 24. Dribbling!in!general!space!as!#!21,22,23!but! 17. Dribbling!with!nonAdominant!hand! while!looking!up!at!the!teacher! ! !! Difficul8es!to!watch!for1! Movement!Concepts3! Space! Rela8onship! If…! Then…! ! Effort! Force! Can$you$dribble$the$ball…$ • As!hard!as!you!can?! • As!so@!as!you!can?! • Changing!from!hard!to! so@?!
• • • • •
Time! As!fast!as!you!can?! As!slow!as!you!can?! Alterna2ng!fast!and! slow?! And!allow!as!much!2me! as!you!can!between! bounces?! As!many!2mes!un2l!I! say!stop?!
Level! Can$you$dribble$the$ball…$ • At!knee!level?! • At!waist!level?! • At!leg!level?! • Higher!than!your!head?! • Lower!than!your!knees?! • Change!levels?!
Objects! Can$you$dribble$the$ball$…$ • Around!the!cones?! • Under!the!rope?! • Over!the!rope?! • While!walking!close!to! wall?! • With!different!balls?!
Direc8on! In!front!of!you?! To!one!side?! Behind!you?! In!different!pathways?! In!a!straight!line?! In!a!circle?! In!a!curved!line?! In!a!zig!zag!line?!
People! To!a!partner?! Alterna2ng!with!a! partner! Around!a!partner?! In!2me!to!your! partner’s!bounce?! And!each!move!away! and!together!with!the! same!#!of!bounces?!
• • • • • • • •
• • • • •
Flow! Range! Combina8ons! • And!catch!it?! • In!your!own!space?! • Play!red!light!green! • Repeatedly!a@er! • Hirng!the!same!spot! light! catching!it!repeatedly?! each!2me?! • Combine!effort,!space,! • Without!catching!it?! • While!moving!around! and!rela2onships:!e.g.! (dribbling)! the!gym?! dribble!ball!at!waist! • As!far!away!as!you!can?! level!to!one!side! • As!close!as!you!can?! around!the!gym?! • With!your!other!hand?!
They!use!slapping! Ask!the!child!to!imitate!waving!goodAbye!to!the! mo2on! ball! Looking!at!the!ball! While!dribbling,!have!child!follow!a!partner! while!dribbling! (follow!the!leader)!
Child!uses!pal!in! stead!of!fingers!
While!partner!holds!the!ball!from!the!boBom,! child!pushes!ball!with!finger!pads!
Literacy!
dribble!
bounce!
fingers!
eyes!
ball!
yoAyo!
slow!
fast!
wave!
high!
low!
ready!
References:! 1. PHE!Canada!(2011).!Fundamental$movement$skills:$An$educator’s$guide$to$teaching$fundamental$movement$skills.! 2. Ulrich,!D.!(2000).$Test$of$Gross$Motor$Development,!2nd!ed.!(TGMDA2)!Assessment!protocol! 3. Gallahue,!D.,!Ozmun,!J.,!&!Goodway,!J.!(2007).!Understanding$motor$development:$Infant,$children,$adolescents,$ adults$(7th!ed.).!McGraw!Hill:!New!York,!NY.! Poster$created$by$Dr.$Helena$Baert,$SUNY$Cortland,$2014$
