University of Sulaimani Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Horticulture Department
Principles of Genetics Course Book Practical (BSc.) Second stage For the academic year 2014-2015 1st semester Lecturer of the course: Kamaran Salh Rasul Email:
[email protected] Mobile No. 07701945950
Course book peer review This course book has been reviewed and accepted by Dr. Jamal Saeed
Signature Name: Dr. Jamal Saeed
Course overview Genetics deals with the molecular structure and function of genes, with gene behavior in the context of a cell or organism (e.g. dominance and epigenetic), with patterns of inheritance from parent to offspring, and with gene distribution, variation and change in populations. Given that genes are universal to living organisms, genetics can be applied to the study of all living systems, from viruses and bacteria, through plants (especially crops) and domestic animals, to humans (as in medical genetics).
Course references
An introduction to genetic analysis, Anthony J.F.Griffiths, Jeffrey H.Miller, David T.Suzuki, Richard C.Lewontin, William M.Gelbart. second printing (1996),W.H.Freeman and company New York.
Molecular plant pathology ,M.Dickinson (2003).printed and bound by TJ international Ltd.,Padstow,UK.
Objective Science of plant breeding. Dr.Phundan Sinsh (2002) .At Kalyani
printings,B-15,Sector8,NOIDA and Published by Mrs,Usha Raj Kumar for Kalyani Publishers ,New Delhi-110 002.
Collection
plant
Genetic
Diversity
L.Guarino
,
V.Ramanatha
,
R.Reid(1995),International plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) Via delle Sette Chiese 142 ,00145Rome ,Italy.
Note: Students have been advised to use the internet websites, particularly, the http://scholar.google.co.uk/ website
Course syllabus Lecture 1 Cell and organelles Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Nucleus Nucleolus Cytosol Cytoplasm Cell membranes Mitochondria Chloroplast Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome's Centrosome
Lectures 2 Nuclear and genome
Lectures 3 Chromosome and DNA structure
Lecture 4 Gene expression , transcription
Lecture 5 Gene expression, translation
Lecture 6 Cell cycle , Mitosis division Meiosis cell division
Lecture 7 Mendelians law. Dominance
Lecture 8 Segregation and independent assortment law
Lecture 9 Incomplete and codominance
( Finished)
Lecture 10 Epistasis, recessive and dominance epistasis
Lecture 11 Duplicate recessive and dominance
Lecture 12 Polygenetic
Exam sample Q1/Choose the correct answer . 1- Bacterial cell divide by : a- Mitosis b- Replication
( Current week)
c- Cytokinesis d- Binary fission Answer : d 2- During which phase of cell cycle is DNA synthesized . a- G1 b- G2 c- S d- M Answer: c 3- During mitosis , the sister chromatide are separated and pulled to opposite pole during which stage of mitosis . a- Interphase b- Metaphase c- Anaphase d- Telophase Answer : c 4- Cytokinesis is a- The same process in plant and animals cell. b- The separating of cytoplasm and the formation of two cells. c- The final stage of mitosis. d- The movement of kinetochores. Answer : b Q2/ What does the law segregation mean? Answer : members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair. Q3/ Which process explain mantels law of segregation ? Answer: The meiosis part of gametogenesis Q4 /A cross between a blue blahblah bird & a white blahblah bird produces
offspring that are silver. The color of blahblah birds is determined by just two alleles. a) What are the genotypes of the parent blahblah birds in the original cross? Since there are only 2 alleles & three phenotypes (blue, white, & silver), we must be dealing with incomplete dominance. So the blue parent is homozygous blue b)
(BB) What
&
the
is/are
white the
parent
genotype(s)
is
homozygous of
the
white
silver
(WW).
offspring?
The silver offspring are hybrids (BW), one blue allele & one white allele, neither one dominating the other. Instead, we get a blending of blue & white, i.e.
silver.
c) What would be the phenotypic ratios of offspring produced by two silver blahblah birds? silver x silver = BW x BW The p-square would look like what you see here. As you can see, 25% (1/4) of the offspring are homozygous white (WW), 25% (1/4) are homozygous blue (BB), & 50% (2/4) are hybrid & therefor have the silver phenotype.
