psc idian constitution.pdf

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C¥y≥- `cWLS\ {]Zo-]v1.- {]m- b ]q¿- Ø n- thm- ´ hIm- i w- \n- b aam- b Xv - GXv `cWLS\ t`ZKXn-bn-eq-sS? 1989se 61˛mw- `cWLS\m- t`ZKXn-bn-eq-sS 2. `cWLS\bp-sS B¿-´n-°n-fp-Iƒ- 5 ap-X¬- 11 hsc F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?]u-cXz-sØ kw-_‘n-®v3.- A\ym-bam-bn- XS™p-h®bm-sf tam-Nn-∏n-°p-hm≥- ]pds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ dn-´v?tl_n-bkv- tIm¿-∏kv4.- `cWLS\bp-sS GXv- hIp-∏v- {]Im-cam-Wv- _m-ethe \n-tcm-[n-®Xv?24˛mw- hIp-∏v5.- hy-Iv-Xn-Isftbm- kv-Ym-]\ßsftbm- kz-¥w- I¿Øhyw- \n¿-∆ln-°p-hm≥- A\p-im-kn-°p-∂ dn-´v?am≥-Um-akv6.- A¿-lXbn-√m-Ø DtZym-Kw- hln-°p-∂Xn¬-\n-∂pwXSbm-t\m- ]Zhn- Hgn-™p-In-S°p-∂Xm-bn- {]Jym-]n°m-t\m- th≠n- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ dn-´v? tIz-m- hm-dt≥-dm7.- A[n-Im-cm-Xn¿-Øn-bp-am-bn- _‘s∏´ hn-jbßfn¬Io-gvt- °m-SXn-bn¬-\n-∂pw- tIkv- ta¬-tIm-SXn-bn-te°vam-‰m≥- {]Jym-]n-°p-∂ dn-´v?sk¿-tjym-ddn8.- Io-gv-t°m-SXn-Iƒ- A[n-Im-cm-Xn¿-Øn- ewLn-°p-∂Xpw- \o-Xn- \n-baßƒ-°v- hn-cp≤am-bn- {]h¿-Øn-°p-∂Xpw XSbm≥- ]pds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ dn-´v? s{]m-ln-_n-j≥9.- dn-´v ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°m≥- A[n-Im-cw- B¿s°m-s°?kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-°pw- sslt°m-SXn-°pw10.- `cWLS\m-]cam-bn- C¥y≥- bq-Wn-bs≥d Xeh≥?cm-jv-{S]Xn11.- C¥y≥ {]Xn-tcm-[ tk\Ifp-sS ]cam[n-Im-cn?cm-jv-{S]Xn 12.- cm-jv-{S]Xn°v- F{X Aw-Kßsf cm-Py-k`bn-te°v\m-a\n¿-t±iw- sNømw?12 Aw-Kßsf 13.- cm-jv-{S]Xnbm-hm≥- F{X hb v- ]q¿-Øn-bm-hWw?35 hb v14.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 54 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?cm-jv-{S]Xnbp-sS sXcs™Sp-∏v15.- cm-jv-{S]Xnsb sXcs™Sp°p-∂Xv- Bcv-?]m¿-esa≥-dn-sebpw- kw-kv-Ym-\ \n-bak`Ifnsebpw Xn-cs™Sp°-s∏´ Aw-KßfSßp-∂ CeIvSd¬- tIm-tfPv16.- cm-j{-v S-]X - n-sb- sX-cs - ™-Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈- {]-{In-bb - n¬- kwkvY - m-\- \n-ba - - \n¿-Ωm-W- k-`I - f - n-se- Fw-F¬-Fa - m-cpsS- thm-´n-s≥d- aq-eyw- \n-iN v- b - n-°p-∂X - v- F-ßs - \-?kw-kv-Ym-\sØ BsI P\kw-Jy- 1 x /100 kw-kv-Ym-\ \n-ba \n¿-Ωm-W k`Ifn-se- sXcs™Sp°s∏´ Aw-Kßfp-sS BsI FÆw17.- cm-jv-{S]Xnsb sXcs™Sp°p-∂ {]{In-bbn¬ ]m¿esa≥-dw-Kßfp-sS thm-´n-s≥-d aq-eyw- \niv-Nbn-°p∂Xv- Fßs\?kw-kv-Ym-\ \n-ba \n¿-Ωm-W k`Ifn-se Fw-F¬-Fam-cp-sS BsI FÆw-]m¿-esa≥-dw-Kßfp-sS BsI FÆw18.- cm-jv-{S]Xnbp-sS Xn-cs™Sp∏n-\v- ta¬-t\m-´w- hln°p-∂Xv- Bcv?sXcs™Sp∏v- IΩo-j≥19.- {][m-\a{¥n,- tI{µa{¥n-am¿,- At‰m-¿W - n- P\d¬,- knFPn,- kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-sebpw- sslt°m-SXn-bnsebpw- PUv-Pn-am¿,- kw-kv-Ym-\ Kh¿-Æ¿-am¿,- bp-]nFkv-kn- sNb¿-am≥,- ap-Jy- sXcs™Sp-∏v- IΩojW¿,- Aw-_m-kU¿-am¿,- Bkq-{XW IΩo-j≥- D]m≤y-£≥-,- Aw-Kßƒ- F∂n-hsc \n-ban-°p-∂Xv- Bcv?

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cm-jv-{S]Xn 20.-- cm-jv-{S]Xnbp-sS {]Xn-am-k thX\w?1,-50,-000 cq-] 21.-- cm- j v - { S]Xn,- D]cm- j v - { S]Xn, kp- { ]ow- t Im- S Xn,sslt°m-SXn PUv-Pn-am¿ F∂n-hsc ]p-dØm-°m-\p≈ P\m-[n-]Xy-am¿-Kw?Cw-]o-®v-sa≥-dv22. B¿-´n-°nƒ- 61 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?Cw-]o-®v-sa≥-dv- {]{In-b 23.- cm-Py-k`bp-sS A≤y-£≥?D]cm-jv-{S]Xn 24.- D]cm-jv-{S]Xn Bbn-cn-t° A¥cn-® BZy- hy-Iv-Xn?{io.- Ir-jv-WIm-¥v25.- D]cm-jv-{S]Xn BIp-∂Xn-\p-≈ Ip-d™ {]m-b]cn[n?35 hb v26.- tem-Ik v- `m- ktΩf\ßfp-sS B≤y-£w- hln-°p-∂XvBcv?kv-]o-°¿27.- C¥y≥ ]m¿-esa≥-dn-se BZy- h\n-Xm- kv-]o-°¿?ao-cm-Ip-am¿28.- BZy tem-Iv-k`m kv-]o-°¿?-

Pn- hn- am-hv-e¶¿29.- tI{µa{¥nk`bn¬- F{X Xcw- a{¥n-am¿- D≠v?aq-∂v- (Im-_n-\‰v,- kl,- D] a{¥n)30.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 148 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?Iw]v-t{Sm-f¿- B≥-dv- BUn-‰¿- P\d¬31.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 76 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?At‰m¿-Wn-- P\d¬32.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 124 ˛ 147 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bp-sS A[n-Im-cw,- LS\,- DØchmZn-Øßƒ33.- cm-Py-k`bp-sS BZy- sk{I´dn- P\d¬?_n- F≥- Iuƒ34.- tem-Iv-k`bp-sS BZy- sk{I´dn- P\d¬?Sn- sI hn-iz-\m-Y≥35.- cm-Py-k`bp-sS BZy- sU]yq-´n- sNb¿-am≥?Fkv- hn- Ir-jv-Waq¿-Øn- dm-hp36.- C¥y≥ ]m¿-esa≥-dn-s≥-d At[m-k` (Lower Home)GXm-Wv-?tem-Iv-k` 37. \n-ba]cam-b Im-cy-ßfn¬- kw-kv-Ym-\ k¿-°m-cn-\vD]tZiw- \¬-Ip-∂Xm-cv?AUz-t°‰v- P\d¬ 38.- \n-ba \n¿-Ωm-Wm-[n-Im-cßfp-sS aq-∂p-Xcw- en-kv-‰pIƒ- GsX√mw?kvt‰‰v- en-kv-‰v,- bq-Wn-b≥-- en-kv-‰v,- I¨-Id≥-dv- enkv-‰v 39.- bq-Wn-bs≥dbpw- kw-kY v- m-\ßfp-sSbpw- A[n-Im-c]cn[n-bn¬- hcp-∂ - en-kv-‰v?I¨-Id≥-dv- en-kv-‰v 40.- C¥y≥ `cWLS\ {]Im-cw- F{Xhn-[w- ASn-b¥cmhkv-Y {]Jym-]n-°mw?aq-∂p-Xcw41.- sshtZin-Itam- B`y-¥ctam- Bb B{IaWßfpsS km-lNcy-Øn¬- {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv- GXv- ASnb¥cm-hkv-Ybm-Wv?-

]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥

bp-≤Im-e ASn-b¥cm-hkv-Y (352˛mw- hIp-∏v)42.- GXv hIp-∏p-{]Im-cam-Wv- km-ºØn-Im-Sn-b¥cm-hkvY {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv-?360˛mw- hIp-∏v43.- kw-kv-Ym-\ßfn¬- ASn-b¥cm-hkv-Y {]Jym-]n-°p∂Xv- GXv hIp-∏p-{]Im-cam-Wv-? 356˛mw- hIp-∏v44.- ASn-b¥cm-hkv-Y {]Jym-]\Øn-\v- {]m-_eyw- \¬Ip-∂Xv- Bcm-Wv?]m¿-esa≥-dv45.- tIcfØn¬- BZy-am-bn- ASn-b¥cm-hkv-Y {]Jym-]n®Xv?1959 46.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 356 {]Im-cw- BZy-am-bn- ]n-cn-®p-hn-Ss∏´ kw-kv-Ym-\w?tIcfw- (1957se C Fw- Fkv- k¿-°m-cn-s\)47.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 368 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?`cWLS\ t`ZKXn-Iƒ48.- BZy-sØ `cWLS\m- t`ZKXn- {]m-_ey-Øn¬h∂Xv?1951 Pq-Wn¬49.- `m-jm-Sn-kv-Ym-\Øn¬- kw-kv-Ym-\ßƒ- cq-]o-Ir-XambXv- GXv- `cWLS\m- t`ZKXn- {]Imcam-Wv?1956se Ggmw- `cWLS\m- t`ZKXn{]Im-cw50.- au- e n- I m- h Im- i ßƒ- AS°ap- ≈ `cWLS\m- `m-Kßƒ- t`ZKXn sNøm≥]m¿-esa≥-dn\v- A[n-Im-cw- \¬-In-bXvGXv- t`ZKXn- {]Im-cw-?1971se 24˛mw- t`ZKXn51.- kn-°n-an-s\ C¥y-bp-sS 22˛mw kw-kY -v m-\ambn-- {]Jym-]n®Xv- GXv- t`ZKXn- {]Im-cw-?1975se 36˛mw- t`ZKXn52.- Iq-dp-am-‰- \n-tcm-[\ - - \n-ba - w- \n-eh - n¬- h-∂Xv- G-Xv- `-cW - L - S- \ - m- t`-ZK - X - n- {]-Im-cw-?1985se 52˛mw- t`ZKXn53.- `cWLS\bp- s S Bap- J Øn¬- tkm- j y- e n- k v - ‰ v , skIyp-edn-kv‰ - v- F∂o- ]Zßƒ- Dƒ-s∏Sp-Øn-bXv- GXv`cWLS\m- t`ZKXn- {]Im-cw-?1976se 42˛mw- t`ZKXn- {]Im-cw 54.- 1987se 56˛mw `cWLS\- t`ZKXn- F¥n-s\ {]Xn]m-Zn-°p-∂p?tKm-hbv-°v- kw-kv-Ym-\ ]Zhn- \¬-Ip-∂Xv- kw_‘n-®v 55.- 1993se 73˛mw- t`ZKXn- F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?]©m-bØo-cm-Pn-s\ kw-_‘n-®v 56.- GXv- `cWLS\m- t`ZKXn- {]Im-cam-Wv- U¬-ln-°vXekv-Ym-\ {]tZiw- F∂ ]Zhn- \¬-In-bXv?1991se 69˛mw- t`ZKXn57.- 93˛mw `cWLS\- t`ZKXn F¥p-am-bn- _‘s∏´v?Bdv- ap-X¬- 14 hb v- hscbp-≈ Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v- kuP\y-hpw- \n¿-_‘n-Xhp-am-b hn-Zym-`ym-kw- e`n-°p∂Xv- kw-_‘n-®v58.- t_m-tUm,- k¥m-en,- ssaYn-en,- tUm-{Kn- F∂o- `mjIƒ- F´mw- sjUyq-fn¬- Iq-´n-tN¿-°s∏´Xv- GXv`cWLS\m- t`ZKXn- {]Im-cw-?100˛mw- `cWLS\m- t`ZKXn59.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 370 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?PΩp- Im-ivao-cn-\v- {]tXy-I ]Zhn60.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 360 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p?km-ºØn-I A-Sn-b¥cm-hkv-Y 61.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 108 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p? ]m¿-esa≥-dn-s≥-d kw-bp-Iv-X ktΩf\w62.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 112 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p? _P‰v63.- C¥y-bn-se G‰hpw- ]g°tadn-b sslt°m-SXn- GXv?I¬-°´ sslt°m-SXn- (2 Pq-sse,- 1862)64.- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 280 F¥n-s\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p? ^n-\m≥-kv- IΩo-j≥-

2011 BKkv-‰v- 15