ns-3를 이용한 네트워크 시뮬레이션 응용 단기 강좌

Session 6. DCE를 활용한 실제 시스템과 NS-3 연동 이규진 [email protected] Multimedia and Wireless Networking Lab. (MWNL) Seoul National University

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Overview

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NS-3 DCE • DCE (Direct Code Execution) – A framework provides facilities to execute within NS-3 without modifying source code • Existing user-space applications/protocols • Kernel-space network protocols

– Instead of using pseudo applications provided NS-3, we can use existing application used in real environment • OnoffApplication (by NS-3)  iperf

– https://www.nsnam.org/overview/projects/direct-code-execution/

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NS-3 DCE • Why use DCE? – To create a miniature network in a single node – To debug and test your code within a controlled environment – Not to maintain multiple implementations of a single protocol, or re-implement complicated protocols

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NS-3 Basic Simulation Model Node

Node

Application Application

Application Application

Protocol stack

Protocol stack

Packet(s)

Node NetDevice NetDevice

Channel Channel

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NetDevice NetDevice

DCE Simulation Model Node

Node Application Application

Real Application or NS-3 Application Application Application POSIX Socket or NS-3 Socket API

Protocol stack

Linux Kernel or NS-3 TCP/IP Stack

Protocol stack

NS-3 NetDevice & Channel NetDevice NetDevice

Channel Channel

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NetDevice NetDevice

Features • Functional realism – Run real code – POSIX apps, kernel network stacks

• Timing realism – Ns-3 integration (virtual clock)

• Debug ability – All in user-space – Single-process virtualization 7

DCE Architecture

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Possible Combinations with DCE User-space application

Network protocol

application

application

ns3::application

POSIX socket

POSIX socket

NS-3 socket

DCE

DCE

DCE

ns3 TCP/IP stack

Linux kernel

Linux kernel

ns3::Netdevice

ns3::Netdevice

ns3::Netdevice

(b) DCE-Linux

(c) DCE-cradle

(a) DCE-NS3 Application Application Protocol stack NetDevice NetDevice

Application Application Protocol stack

Packet(s) Channel Channel 9

NetDevice NetDevice

Class • Class::DceManagerHelper – Tool to set parameter and to install DceManager on the NS-3 nodes where you plan to run real application

• Class::LinuxStackHelper – Configure parameters of Linux kernel when we are using DCE-Linux or DCE-cradle

• Class::DceApplicationHelper – Define which application will run within NS-3 by setting name of binary executable file 10

Supported Features • Simulation under – NS-3 TCP/IP stack + NS-3 socket-based application (Default NS-3) – NS-3 TCP/IP stack + POSIX socket-based application (DCE-NS3) – Linux kernel + POSIX socket-based application (DCE-Linux) – Linux kernel + NS-3 socket-based application (DCE-cradle)

• Tested Environment – Ubuntu 13.10 / 13.04 / 12.10 / 12.04 / 10.04 64bit – Fedora 18 32bit / CentOS 6.2 64bit

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Supported Features • Tested Application – iperf – ping/ping6 – ip (iproute2 package) – http server (thttpd) – torrent (libtorrent from rasterbar + opentracker) – CCNx, Quagga, Mobilt IPv6 daemon, etc.

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Install NS-3 DCE

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Installation • Prerequisites – $ sudo apt-get install mercurial

• Download Bake using Mercurial and set some variables – $ hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/bake bake – $ export BAKE_HOME=`pwd`/bake – $ export PATH=$PATH:$BAKE_HOME – $ export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$BAKE_HOME

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Installation • Check required modules – $ bake.py check • If some modules are NOT OK, install them (e.g., sudo apt-get install cvs)

• Create a directory for DCE and install it using bake – $ mkdir dce – $ cd dce – $ bake.py configure -e dce-linux-1.7 • dce-linux-1.7 is the DCE version 1.7 module

– $ bake.py download – $ bake.py build

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Simulation Example

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How To Do Simulation • Where to put your NS-3 script ‘example.cc’ workspace

– /dce/source/ns-3-dce/myscripts/example.cc bake

dce

• How to run script ‘example.cc’ source

– ./waf --run example (Under /dce/source/ns-3-dce/)

ns-3-dce

• How to see the standard output of node xx – cat files-xx/var/log/*/stdout (Under /dce/source/ns-3-dce/)

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myscripts

Iperf • Tool to measure TCP and UDP bandwidth – Report bandwidth, delay, jitter, datagram loss – https://iperf.fr

• Command line option – -c: client (e.g., iperf –c [destination IP address]) – -s: server (e.g., iperf -s) – -p: port number (e.g., iperf –p 54321) – -u: use udp (e.g., iperf -u) – -b: bandwidth (e.g., iperf –c –u –b 1m) – -i: report interval in second (e.g., iperf –i 1) – -t: operating duration in second (e.g., iperf –t 10) 18

Iperf • E.g., tuning a UDP connection

Node 2: Server

Node 1: Client

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Example 1 • Example 1: DCE-NS3 – ex1-dce-ns3-sol.cc – ./waf --run ex1-dce-ns3-sol (Under /dce/source/ns-3-dce/) application

application POSIX socket

DCE ns3 TCP/IP stack ns3::Netdevice

POSIX socket

UDP 10Mb/s

Node 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.1

Point to Point 20Mb/s, 2ms

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DCE

Node 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.2

ns3 TCP/IP stack ns3::Netdevice

Example 1 Code (1/5) • Node creation NodeContainer nodes; nodes.Create (2);

• P2P channel creation PointToPointHelper pointToPoint; pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("20Mbps")); pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));

• Netdevice creation NetDeviceContainer devices; devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);

• DceManager creation DceManagerHelper dceManager; dceManager.Install (nodes);

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Example 1 Code (2/5) • NS-3 stack creation InternetStackHelper stack; stack.Install (nodes);

• IP address setting Ipv4AddressHelper address; address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0"); Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

• DceApplicationHelper creation ApplicationContainer apps; DceApplicationHelper dce; dce.SetStackSize (1<<20);

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Example 1 Code (3/5) • Iperf application for STA 1 dce.SetBinary ("iperf"); dce.ResetArguments (); dce.ResetEnvironment (); dce.AddArgument ("-c"); dce.AddArgument ("10.1.1.2"); dce.AddArgument ("-p"); dce.AddArgument ("54321"); dce.AddArgument ("-u"); dce.AddArgument ("-b"); dce.AddArgument ("10m"); dce.AddArgument ("-t"); dce.AddArgument ("10"); dce.AddArgument ("-i"); dce.AddArgument ("1"); apps = dce.Install (nodes.Get (0)); apps.Start (Seconds (1.5));

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Example 1 Code (4/5) • Iperf application for STA 2 dce.SetBinary ("iperf"); dce.ResetArguments (); dce.ResetEnvironment (); dce.AddArgument ("-s"); dce.AddArgument ("-p"); dce.AddArgument ("54321"); dce.AddArgument ("-u"); dce.AddArgument ("-i"); dce.AddArgument ("1"); apps = dce.Install (nodes.Get (1)); apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));

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Example 1 Code (5/5) • Enable pcap pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("ex1-dce-ns3", false);

• Simulator run Simulator::Stop (Seconds(20.0)); Simulator::Run (); Simulator::Destroy ();

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Example 1 • Result UDP 10Mb/s

Node 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.1

Point to Point 20Mb/s, 2ms

cat files-0/var/log/*/stdout

Node 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.2

cat files-1/var/log/*/stdout 26

Example 2 • Example 2: DCE-Linux – ex2-dce-linux-sol.cc – ./waf --run ex2-dce-linux-sol (Under /dce/source/ns-3-dce/)

application

UDP 10Mb/s

POSIX socket

DCE Linux kernel

application

Node 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.1

Point to Point 20Mb/s, 2ms

POSIX socket

Node 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.2

DCE Linux kernel ns3::Netdevice

ns3::Netdevice

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Example 2 Code (1/6) • Node creation NodeContainer nodes; nodes.Create (2);

• P2P channel creation PointToPointHelper pointToPoint; pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("20Mbps")); pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));

• Netdevice creation NetDeviceContainer devices; devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);

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Example 2 Code (2/6) • DceManager creation DceManagerHelper dceManager; dceManager.SetNetworkStack ("ns3::LinuxSocketFdFactory", "Library", StringValue ("liblinux.so")); dceManager.Install (nodes);

• Linux stack LinuxStackHelper stack; stack.Install (nodes);

• IP address setting Ipv4AddressHelper address; address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0"); Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

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Example 2 Code (3/6) • DceApplicationHelper creation ApplicationContainer apps; DceApplicationHelper dce; dce.SetStackSize (1<<20);

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Example 2 Code (4/6) • Iperf application for STA 1 dce.SetBinary ("iperf"); dce.ResetArguments (); dce.ResetEnvironment (); dce.AddArgument ("-c"); dce.AddArgument ("10.1.1.2"); dce.AddArgument ("-p"); dce.AddArgument ("54321"); dce.AddArgument ("-u"); dce.AddArgument ("-b"); dce.AddArgument ("10m"); dce.AddArgument ("-t"); dce.AddArgument ("10"); dce.AddArgument ("-i"); dce.AddArgument ("1"); apps = dce.Install (nodes.Get (0)); apps.Start (Seconds (1.5));

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Example 2 Code (5/6) • Iperf application for STA 2 dce.SetBinary ("iperf"); dce.ResetArguments (); dce.ResetEnvironment (); dce.AddArgument ("-s"); dce.AddArgument ("-p"); dce.AddArgument ("54321"); dce.AddArgument ("-u"); dce.AddArgument ("-i"); dce.AddArgument ("1"); apps = dce.Install (nodes.Get (1)); apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));

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Example 2 Code (6/6) • Enable pcap pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("ex2-dce-linux", false);

• Simulator run Simulator::Stop (Seconds(20.0)); Simulator::Run (); Simulator::Destroy ();

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Example 2 • Result UDP 10Mb/s

Node 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.1

Point to Point 20Mb/s, 2ms

cat files-0/var/log/*/stdout

Node 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.2

cat files-1/var/log/*/stdout 34

Example 3 • Example 3: DCE-cradle – ex3-dce-cradle-sol.cc – ./waf --run ex3-dce-cradle-sol (Under /dce/source/ns-3-dce/)

ns3::application

UDP 10Mb/s

NS-3 socket

DCE Linux kernel

ns3::application

Node 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.1

Point to Point 20Mb/s, 2ms

ns3::Netdevice

NS-3 socket

Node 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.2

DCE Linux kernel ns3::Netdevice

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Example 3 Code (1/5) • Node creation NodeContainer nodes; nodes.Create (2);

• P2P channel creation PointToPointHelper pointToPoint; pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("20Mbps")); pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));

• Netdevice creation NetDeviceContainer devices; devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);

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Example 3 Code (2/5) • DceManager creation DceManagerHelper dceManager; dceManager.SetNetworkStack ("ns3::LinuxSocketFdFactory", "Library", StringValue ("liblinux.so")); dceManager.Install (nodes);

• Linux stack LinuxStackHelper stack; stack.Install (nodes);

• IP address setting Ipv4AddressHelper address; address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0"); Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

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Example 3 Code (3/5) • Application container ApplicationContainer apps;

• OnOff application for STA1 OnOffHelper onoff = OnOffHelper ("ns3::LinuxUdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), 54321)); onoff.SetAttribute ("OnTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]")); onoff.SetAttribute ("OffTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]")); onoff.SetAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("10Mbps")); apps = onoff.Install (nodes.Get (0)); apps.Start (Seconds (1.0)); apps.Stop (Seconds (11.0));

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Example 3 Code (4/5) • PacketSink application for STA 2 PacketSinkHelper sink = PacketSinkHelper ("ns3::LinuxUdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 54321)); apps = sink.Install (nodes.Get (1)); apps.Start (Seconds (0.5));

• Enable pcap pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("ex3-dce-cradle", false);

• Simulator run Simulator::Stop (Seconds(20.0)); Simulator::Run ();

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Example 3 Code (5/5) • Print result Ptr pktsink; pktsink = apps.Get (0)->GetObject (); std::cout << "Total Rx(0) = " << pktsink->GetTotalRx () << " bytes"; std::cout << std::endl;

• Destroy simulator Simulator::Destroy ();

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Example 3 • Result UDP 10Mb/s

Node 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.1

Point to Point 20Mb/s, 2ms

Node 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.2

Total Rx(0) = 12499968 bytes

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Example 4 • Example 4: DCE-NS3 – Skeleton code: ex4-dce-ns3-skel.cc – Solution code: ex4-dce-ns3-sol.cc AP application

10.1.1.1 (0,0,0) application

UDP 10Mb/s

POSIX socket

POSIX socket

DCE ns3 TCP/IP stack ns3::Netdevice

STA 1 10.1.1.2 (-15,15,0)

802.11g JakesPropagation 6Mb/s

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DCE

STA 2 10.1.1.3 (-15,-15,0)

ns3 TCP/IP stack ns3::Netdevice

Example 4 • Result UDP 10Mb/s

STA 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.2

802.11g 6Mb/s

cat files-1/var/log/*/stdout

STA 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.3

cat files-2/var/log/*/stdout 43

Example 5 • Example 5: DCE-Linux – Skeleton code: ex5-dce-linux-skel.cc – Solution code: ex5-dce-linux-sol.cc AP

10.1.1.1 (0,0,0)

UDP 10Mb/s application

application

POSIX socket

POSIX socket

DCE Linux kernel ns3::Netdevice

STA 1 10.1.1.2 (-15,15,0)

802.11g JakesPropagation 6Mb/s

44

DCE

STA 2 10.1.1.3 (-15,-15,0)

Linux kernel ns3::Netdevice

Example 5 • Result UDP 10Mb/s

STA 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.2

802.11g 6Mb/s

cat files-1/var/log/*/stdout

STA 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.3

cat files-2/var/log/*/stdout 45

Example 6 • Example 6: DCE-cradle – Skeleton code: ex6-dce-cradle-skel.cc – Solution code: ex6-dce-cradle-sol.cc AP ns3::application

10.1.1.1 (0,0,0) ns3::application

UDP 10Mb/s

NS-3 socket

NS-3 socket

DCE Linux kernel ns3::Netdevice

STA 1 10.1.1.2 (-15,15,0)

802.11g JakesPropagation 6Mb/s

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DCE

STA 2 10.1.1.3 (-15,-15,0)

Linux kernel ns3::Netdevice

Example 6 • Result UDP 10Mb/s

STA 1: Client IP: 10.1.1.2

802.11g 6Mb/s

STA 2: Server IP: 10.1.1.3

Total Rx(0) = 2561536 bytes

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Example 7 • How to use my binary – $ gcc -fPIC -c simple-socket.c (C code name: simple-socket) – $ gcc -o simple-socket -pie -rdynamic simple-socket.o – $ cp simple-socket WORKSPACE/dce/source/ns-3-dce/build/bin_dce/

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Example 7 • Example – ex7-new-app-sol.cc – ./waf --run ex7-new-app-sol (Under /dce/source/ns-3-dce/)

• Result cat files-0/var/log/*/stdout cat files-1/var/log/*/stdout

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Research Issues in Enterprise WiFi

Protocol stack. NetDevice. NetDevice. Channel. Channel. 6. Node. POSIX Socket or NS-3 Socket API. Linux Kernel or NS-3 TCP/IP Stack. NS-3 NetDevice & Channel ..... Skeleton code: ex4-dce-ns3-skel.cc. – Solution code: ex4-dce-ns3-sol.cc. POSIX socket. DCE ns3::Netdevice application ns3 TCP/IP stack. POSIX socket.
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