Albanian j. agric. sci. 2013;(special edition)

Agricultural University of Tirana

(Open Access)

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Study on laminitis dependence sindrome in cow ration by structure, in the first 2 months after calving NEXHAT MAZREKU1, VANGJEL CERONI2, EMILIAN SHABANI2, XHEVDET KRASNIQI1 1

Veterinarian, Malisheva-Kosovo

2

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Subjects, Tirana

Abstract: In cows with high milk production food rations contain high amounts of easily fermented foods and the possibility to shown aseptic laminitis had interest study. Experimentally studied the relation of dependency syndrome lameness of structure and balance differences basic-acid equivalents in the period up to ration after calving two months, in three cows, Simental breed with in nine heads. Cows were randomly selected in a farm close to the weight and production 4000 - 5000 liters. In each group had three first-calving cows. The study was conducted in the period January - December, 2012. In groups of cows was applied to feeding rations containing different amounts of concentrate and margin basic dyes with those acid equivalents, respectively, 216.31, 114.13 and 43.24. For comparison of indicators were assessed on the content of rumen pH, the glicemy and calcemia and cases with clinical manifestations of hiching. The data were processed statistically. In conclusion laminitis syndrome with clinical lameness was observed in 4 cows (or 14.81%), of which 3 heads (33.3%) belonged to the third group (DKAB = 32.41) and 1 cattle (11.1%) Group second (DKAB = 94.16). In the third group of cows was found able hipoglicemia (32.08 ± 0.03 mg % ) and hypocalcemia (7.78 ± 0.06 mg%), statistically prove, for the entire period of study. 2 cows were at first calving. Key words: Difference basic-acid (DKAB), ruminal pH, laminitis, hypoglicemy, hypocalcemy.

1. Introduction Feeding of high production cows with food rations that contain high amounts of easily fermented foods has been and remains a continuing trend. No rare phenomenon happened consumption reduction and dry matter content of rumen pH values below the norm, with no clinical or displaying the state of acidosis. Observed impacts and reduce the fat content of milk, reproducing indicators to show the aseptic laminitis, [5] and hitching phenomenon. Hiching cow syndrome as clinical manifestation laminitis represents lamellar coriumit aseptic inflammation, [9] and is more frequent in the period up to 2 months after calving. In the causation of this process remain numerous factors related to breeding conditions and disorders in animal nutrition. Food rations narrowly basic-acid equivalents rise to the situation subacute rumen acidosis which when extended over time affects laminitis syndrome appear in cows, [1]. Checking the condition of the rumen acidosis can be achieved with pH assessment of its content, as well as determine the level of glucose in the blood. In individuals who present depressed levels of pH in the rumen contents and hypoglicemic condition for a relatively long time after calving, show options of laminit syndrome are increased, [8]. The fact of the presence of increased lameness in cattle

farms, in addition to the above considerations, was the impetus for the study of attachment between ration structure, content rumen pH, and hipoglicemic condition laminitis syndrome. The study aims to demonstrate practically attachments and contributing factors in terms of clinical practice for finding and implementing effective methods for controlling the functional state of rumen in cows, especially during the after calving. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Groups of experiment Following a year were randomly selected three groups of nine cows of Simmental breed. In each group had three first calving cows and 6 on a calving cow. Cows were selected in the first stage of lactation (65 ± 14 days), with approximately equal weight (584 ± 32 kg) and daily milk production with (26 ± 3.0) liters. Each group of cows were treated with food rations with different levels of difference basic-acid equivalents. In calculating the difference between the values they equivalents basic dyes with acid formula was used: D.K . A.B. = (0,35 ⋅ Ca + 0,3 ⋅ Mg + Na + K ) − (0, 6 ⋅ S + 0,5 ⋅ P + Cl )

Correspondence: Vangjel Ceroni Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, [email protected] ISSN: 2218-2020, © Agricultural University of Tirana

Mazreku et al

Determination of the content of rumen pH was conducted with fast method (with a pH-meter), after taking his naso-oesophagum sound, 4-6 hours after food consumption. Blood samples for assessment of glucose were taken from vein auricular in the same individuals and at the same time, while blood for determination of total calcium was taken from the jugular vein. Blood glucose level was determined by fast ensymatic method, while the calcium level was determined after separating the serum, the classical method. The samples of blood, and as rumen contents were analysed two times a week, every month for the entire period of the experiment. For cows in the experiment group was clinically evidenced the presence or not of hiching the laminitis syndrome. Results obtained were processed statistically and defined possible correlative attachments.

2.2. Treatment and feeding of cows in groups For all three groups of cows, types of food rations were formulated with different levels of concentrated food content (tab.1) and the difference basic-acid equivalents. Food ration containing 12% of the combined foods (concentrates and minerals) and 88% corn silage was used in the first group of cows in the experiment. Food ration containing 21% of the combined foods (concentrates and minerals) and 79% corn silage was used in the second group of cows. Feedstuff containing up to 41% of the combined foods (concentrates and minerals) and 59% corn silage was used in the third group of cows in the experiment. Rations of 3 groups of animals provide three levels of planned basic difference-acid equivalent, respectively 30, 150, and 300 mEq/kg of dry matter. In the composition of concentrated foods, to respect the value of the difference of basic-acid equivalents was manipulated by corn, wheat, and alfalfa molasses dehydrated. From mineral resources were used CaCO3, NaCO3 and Na2PO4. Cows were fed individually to ensure access to food discretion, twice a day at 09-00 and 16-00 (50:50). Cows were associated with breeding system and were not allowed to take other subjects mineral supplement. Milcing cows twice a day, at 07-00 and 17-30.

2.4. The data acquired Impact of ration structure the difference in content basic-acid equivalents that were used in the experiment was assessed with the content of rumen pH, blood biochemical indicators and clinical laminitis displayed. Biochemical indicators that we took into consideration was the level of glucose and total blood Ca. The data acquired, according to the experiment groups were as follows: For the period of the experiment the average indicators in content rumen pH, blood glucose and total Ca in cows, according to experimentation groups are given in table. 2.

2.3. Sampling Indicators were selected for the study of pH values rumen content, the level of glucose and total calcium in the blood for up two months after calving.

Table 1: Indicators of groups and ration for cows in the experiment. Group First Second Third

Total head Calving I >1 calving 3 6 3 6 3 6

Day Lactac. 68 ± 12 66 ± 09 68 ± 11

Average weight 592 ± 16 576 ± 13 581 ± 08

Daily production 27 ± 2.0 26 ± 3.0 25 ± 2.0

Ration % Concentrate Silage 12 88 21 79 41 59

DBAR 43.24 114.13 216.31

the third group and 1 cow (11.1%) was in the second group, tab. 2. Statistical processing of the data obtained for indicators of blood and dealing with clinical performance indicator laminitis aseptic in conjunction cows showed that exist between these factors. Attachment of the factors in the study appears in the linear regression graph. Between blood glucose levels and the occurrence of laminitis the cow has strong correlative relation (r = - 0.582) negative character (fig. 1).

In the third group of cows that were fed with food rations with increasing levels of acid equivalents and margin acid equivalents basic 43.24, Since the/kg of dry matter, was found able Hipoglicemia (0:57 ± 31.67 mg%). In this group of cows also had lower levels of total serum Ca (period average of 7:26 ± 0:12 mg%). In other groups of cows despite fluctuations in glucose and Ca in particular individuals, average indicators for the study period were lower rate limits. Manifested in the form of laminitis clinical syndrome in cattle heads appeared in 4 (14.81%), of which three heads (33.33%) were in

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Stuudy on laminiitis dependencce sindrome inn cow ration by b structure, inn the first 2 m months after caalving Tablee 2: Indicatorss of blood biochemical expeeriment cows,, according to groups. Groups of cows c

The average vaalue of T pH in the ruumen

First Second Third

5.91 ± 0.222 5.65 ± 0.112 5.35 ± 0.114

The average biochemical in i animals Glucose mg% % Caa total in mg% % 41.38 ± 0.22 2 1 10.36 ± 0.31 38.88 ± 0.36 6 8 8.45 ± 0.23 30.61 ± 0.57 7 7 7.26 ± 0.12

and nuumber of cows with laminiit expressed in lineaar regression graph. g r = - 0.5582

Strong conneection to chaaracter correllative negatiive (r S = - 0.615) bettween there and the overrall level of Ca C by thhe number of o cows with laminitis (figg. 2).

Figure 2: Affiliationn between tottal Ca level o cows witth laminitis and thhe number of in

lineear

regressiion

No 0 1 3

% 0 11.1 % 33.33 %

inttestinal calciium absorptiion in the body and creeate con nditions of metabolic m aciidosis [4]. Su uch an asserttion [4,,8]. Rumen acidosis afffects the miirror of rum men miicrobial floraa bringing m more active development d t of miicro acidophiils (S. boviss and Lactob bacilus) and the inttensification of lactic fermentatio on of glucose pro oduction pacct, [5,8]. Inn such cond ditions theree is dam mage and baacterial popuulations in un nicellular rum men con ntent with increased i prroduction of endotoxin to pro ovoke the em mergence forr laminitis. [1 10] have shoown thaat the addition of elemeents acid red duces intestiinal abssorption of calcium (Ca). Also lossses of urinnary callcium are too t high [10]. Variouss authors haave con nfirmed thee presence of changes in acid-baasic ballance of the blood dictaated by chan nges in rumiinal env vironment, [11,10]. Otheer authors [7]] have observved deccrease in bloood HCO3 cconcentration n in relationn to neg gative correllation with thhe concentraation of volaatile fattty acids in the t rumen contents when cows are fed larrge amountss of conceentrates. Th his finding is asssociated withh a temporarry reduction n in the amoount of dry matter consumed c byy animals. Otther studies also a rep port a siggnificant deecrease in blood HC CO3 con ncentration in i cows sufffering from subacute s rum men aciidosis [10]. In I the experim ment, proved d that the usee of pro ofusely foood rations and conceentrated sm mall diffference basiico-acid equiivalents prov voces reducttion of the content of o rumen pH H, glucose an nd total calciium in the blood, which w when continued for f a long tiime durring laminittis affect thhe cow. In n animals that t con nsumed for a long time food ratio on with a high h con ntent of concentrates c was obseerved subaacut con ndition of rumen aciddosis, hipog glicaemia, and a lam minitis the exxtent hipocallcemi 33.3%, a figure thaat is clo ose to the figgures give [66] and [9]. Our O data on the im mpact of a prrolonged conndition of hiipoglicaemiaa in lam minitis increeasing prevaalence in catttle are in line l witth data [6].

Figure 1: Affiliationn between gllicemi level

expresssed

Cows with w laminitis

graph.

r = - 0.6615

4. Discu ussion Laminitiis in cow iss a slow proocess [2]. At A his b birth seems too play a rolee and factors closely relatted to thhe composittion and struucture of thhe ration [1]] and e especially thhe differencce equvalennt basic-acidd. In c cases where the t feeding of o cows usedd to produce milk w meals or with o when exceess acid equiivalents dom minate thhe situation appears the rumen acidoosis, followeed by r reduction off blood gluucose level, the dilutioon of

4. Conclu usions 1. Resultss of this studdy show equ uivalent rolee of bassic-acid diffference in laaminitis synd drome in coows forr milk producction.

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2. Food rations with different values in the difference equivalents basic-acid show varying degrees of influence in laminitis syndrome in cows. 3. Values increased difference basic-acid equivalents improve cow performance, prevent the emergence of subacute rumen acidosis and show the laminitis. 4. Glicemic level and total calcium in the blood can be used as indicators to assess rumen acidosis condition in cattle for milk production. 5. In food rations of cows with high milk production should be used margin basic-acid equivalents in values from 150 to 300. Since the / kg of dry matter. 5. References 1.

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