Translator types Pollinia III.pdf

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Translator types in the Genus Hoya In attempting to find new relationships of structure in this genus I have attempted to group the translators and the caudicles (two separate structures, one above the other normally) into groups of similar structure. The data was taken from my years of study and accumulation of data on the Pollinaria of this genus. Structurally I see without defining the structures too narrowly that that there are two divisions that can be seen in the translators (1) translators that do not extend out beyond the proximal end of the pollinia (2) those that do extend further outward. The second group (2) can be divided roughly into wide translators and more narrow from the front on view of this structure. Within this later grouping there is considerable variation in shape from long ovals, to drumstick or delta shapes. There is much integration of types. A third category in where the translator extends externally from the side of the retinaculum, Hoya darwinii Loher is prime example. (3) Some I have placed in this group may be due to the pollinium slumping down when removed from the anther pockets for study. The caudicles (usually transparent and clear) in group (1) above are for the most part small bulbous structures most line a comma. In group (2) above vary from bulbous shaped ends as in group (1) to funnel shaped. Some notations on these structures: The translators and the caudicle ends are attached to one of the inner walls of the retinaculum. Most to the wall formed by the hollow tube extending inside this structure toward the closed inner end of the retinaculum ( I have only studied the larger pollinarium so there could be differences as to where they are attached inside. I presume these two structures are secreted by the stigma. They exit the retinacular sides at the waist area although the exiting material especially of the translators is sometimes wide out from the side orifice and extends on down the hip area. The orifices in the sides of the retinacula, that accommodate the small ends of the retinacula and caudicle, extend inward toward the head of this structure (toward the central axis and stylar crown of the corona). The caudicle is a usually clear gelatinous structure into which the end of the pollinium in stuck (not structurally attached). Remember that the Pollinia are formed in the anther pockets prior to the secretion of the translators and caudicles. The translator is a more rigid structure and supports the usually clear caudicle. Key: to abbreviations used to delineate Transistor types l = linear, the translator is relatively narrow throughout its length s = short, the translator just reaches the pollinium end f = fiddle shape, more like drumstick with outer area larger than the inner area b = beyond, translator extending beyond the pollinium end p = translator perpendicular to the retinaculum and usually very short t = truncated end cw = a wide usually funnel shaped end of the caudicle

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d/c = a delta shaped translator with a flat top and a small ball shaped end to the caudicle

Typical representatives of my divisions The division with the largest number of species is the one I have labeled ls. The translators exit the waist area of the retinacular side channels and extend toward the pollinium end at about a 45º angle, they are mostly narrow and linear and do not extend beyond the edge of the pollinium sides. Caudicles are comma shaped and usually small.

Hoya archboldiana C. Norman

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This division I have labeled p as perpendicular. The translators for the most part appear to extend from the retinacular sides perpendicular and are short, appear to be round and the caudicle above is usually bulbous. this division grades into the one I labeled d/c. As with all classifications one will find exceptions, and more often types that bridge the gap between two types. This is why it is so difficult to divide species into discreet Sections.

Hoya mitrata Kerr

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This is my designation d/c with the translators for the most part not structurally will delineated and in a delta form, with the clear caudicles as a round circle above. This appears to me to be somewhat of a gradation from the p form in that the translator is squared off at the top and seems to come out of the retinacula perpendicular.

Hoya juannjuoana Kloppenburg

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The next one below is designated l/cw where the translators are linear for the most part, do not extend beyond the pollinia end and with large caudicles usually with a funnel like top. There are modifications of this where the caudicle end.

Hoya sp. MT 13

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Finally there is a group with broad fiddle shaped translators that vary from very broad to near the more linear forms under l/cw, they extend beyond the pollinia ends. The these are designated f/cw. here again the caudicles are usually large and funnel shaped, thus c for caudicle and w for wide. t for a truncated end to the translator, associated with a cw caudicle as in left picture below. There is considerable variation in this group as shown below.

Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg

Hoya loheri Kloppenburg

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Species Arranged by Pollinia Length Species

pollinia length

sp. Sabah, Malaysia CAHUP 5297 merrillii nagtabonensis CAHUP 63827 quinquinervia 81100 JP verticillata graveolens lambii BISH 9905 cardiophylla CAHUP 18682 sp. EG 06097 sp. PNH 11559 Leyte opposita fuscomarginata sp. CAHUP 5970 as pubicalyx sp. Long Miau TG 1305 cardiophylla 910301 DH sp. CUP 5271 Baguio retusa CAHUP 5269 IPPS 8860 tomatoensis erythrina sp. Nagtaban yellow antimonensis pentaphlebia crassicaulis PT NS05-206 CAHUP 5295 polystachya Java sp. polystachia alba latifolia sp. Matafoa Rg. Am. Samoa deykei benvergarai #54 forbesii fitchii sp. PNH 4854 sp. pottsii W 8505 neoebudica

0.63 0.47 0.56 0.42 0.42 0.39 0.52 0.51 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.75 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.41 0.41 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.51 0.48 0.42 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.64 0.55 0.52 0.46 0.41-.46 0.41 0.40 0.56

Translator Translator Length in Type. mm. d/c d/c d/c 0.02 0.04 d/c 0.04 d/c d/c 0.05 0.07 d/c 0.07 d/c 0.07 d/c 0.07 d/c 0.07 d/c d/c 0.07 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.08 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c d/c 0.09 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.09 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.10 d/c 0.11 d/c

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cardiophylla 910302 clemensiorum CAHUP 5967 incrassata acuta green flower 80-03 shephardii USDA 354238 as merrillii Cebu Is. JP meridithii incrassata catanduanes CAHUP 9136 acuta new TG recurvula Malaysia sp. IPPS 7020 vitellinioides? citrina diversifolia 1981 Bogor minibella sp. shephardell sp. Matoata cream crassicaulis ends up meridithii x crassicaulis wibergiae sp. betchei W 344 juannguoiana finlaysonii Yap siariae as finlaysonii sp. USDA 354241 cinnamomifolia sp. Ben Vergara #56 cardiophylla PNH 10147 CAHUP 5268 obscura crassicaulis 89053 DH sp. PNH 14203 Palawan crassicaulis JP caudata plicata CAHUP 5965 camphorifolia bilobata TG bilobata red edge bilobata burtoniae cebuensis Bicknell 1353 kastbergii UC 203003 odetteae heuschkeliana

0.52 0.47 0.41 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.65 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.66 0.65 0.55 0.49 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.57 0.52 0.39 0.75 0.54 0.72 0.60 0.48 0.45 0.53 0.48 0.47 0.62 0.55 0.46 0.22 0.22 0.19 0.43 0.45 0.44 0.32 0.30

0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.12

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d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c d/c to p dc f/cw t/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw

pseudolittoralis kanyakumariniana micrantha littoralis IML 708 poolei pallilimba kloppenburgii sp. 900307 merrillii bicknellii rhodostella davidcummigii BISH 9 obscura PT 1979 sp. PNH 4936 nummularioides Lisa V-2 lacunosa lucyae Bicknell 1494 Cebu sp. NH # 1 sp. PNH 37800 Irosin sp. Tioman Is. brevialata brevialata rizaliana UC s.n. acicularis acicularis kentiana Perpich 428 imbric. speck. mottled lf. campanulata annacajanoae maxima Sulawesi CAHUP 8359 (41559) sp. TN 99-002 IPPS 1779 eitapensis parvifolia revoluta memoria tsangii sp. DS 1 cystiantha scortechinii nyhuusiae CAHUP 9035 lasiantha brittonii IPPS 8870

0.35 0.46 0.44 0.39 0.36 0.29 0.66 0.47 0.46 0.43 0.34 0.41 0.40 0.34-.38 0.31 0.37 0.55 0.45 0.41 0.55 0.39 0.37 0.39 0.74 0.74 0.45 0.43 0.64 0.52 0.48 1.09 0.26 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.19 0.49 0.40 0.29 0.27 0.38 0.19 0.29

0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.32 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.10

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f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cw f/cwf/cwf/cwf/cwf/cwf/cwf/cwl/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw

sp. UC 424 Zamboanga leytensis Bada TG myrmecopa samoensis W1506 Upolu sp. 577 PNH 2171 affinis MR same as above lanceolata NS009 nabawanensis greenii sp. IML 557 gracilis lacunosa var. pallida obscura v. longipedunculata inconspicua imb. basisub Maximo Wyatt wayetii pruinosa/curt. aff. rumphii sp. MT 13 aust. subsp. natalieae imbricata green leaf fraterna sp. UPLB 50 TN waymaniae engleriana weebella bella halconensis NS05-225 elliptica halconensis NS05-213 coriacea picta Miq. sp. Loher UC s.n. sipitangensis loheri walliniana IML 232 Kuching. chunii chlorantha var. tutuilensis linavergarae bilobata Monina 1 bilobata Monina 2 sp. W 10339 as diptera UC 42238

0.36 0.21 0.27 0.42 0.60 0.55 0.28 0.26 0.51 0.45 0.28 0.72 0.54 0.35 0.26 0.40 0.93 0.49 0.97 0.49 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.79 0.70 0.48 0.77 0.77 0.88 1.07 0.89 1.08 0.20 0.56 0.36 0.37 0.30 0.29 0.95 0.71 0.77 0.21 0.19 0.51 0.80

0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.40 0.52 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.08 0.09 0.09

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l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cw l/cwl/cwl/cwl/cwl/cwl/cwl/cwl/cwl/cwlf/cw lf/cw ls ls

PNH 19549 as odorata UC 13860 odorata odorata PNH 6706 Negros sp. laurifolia odorata UC 13176 sp. UC 295 mcgregorii CI #3 incrassata 90143 catanduanas camphorifolia PNG #4 sp. Sulawesi med. flower sp. whistlerii W 9456 skinneriae acuta monetteae sp. CAHUP18680 sp.UC 49328 Mati, Davao blashernaezii solaniflora UC 18214 sp. PNH 181 Celebes PNH 15642 sp. Fresno palmate samoensis W 1237 Savai’i sp. W 9539 white flower attenuata W 1617 filiformis macgregorii PNH 15541 PNH 7304 sp. Thailand C.T. densifolia Mt. Mayon densifolia as cumingiana sp. India #3 sp. Mt. Gallego crassicaulis 46116 Sp. W 3961 Upolu white fl. quinquinervia 81100 sp. IML 850 affin. macgregori heuschkekiaba subsp. anncaj carnosa white arnottiana carnosa D 124 serpens naumanii betchei W 3245 sp. Bangkok 4 cumingiana Fresno

0.75 0.68 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.51 0.34 0.80 0.49 0.31 0.62 0.57 0.54 0.92 0.68 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.44 0.44 0.24 0.22 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.49 0.40 0.33 0.76 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.50 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.31 0.40 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.69

0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

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ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls

vitiensis sp. fetuana W 8717 obovata sp. laurifolia UC 3949 vitellinia golamcoiana CAHUP 41930 cominsii IML 457 diversifolia el-nidicus sp. W 1106 as filiformis samoensis W 1297 sp. W 5714 spartioides excavata dolichosparte gildingii dischorensis not ischnopus golamcoiana finlaysonii hainanensis 9757 sp. W 10007 as diptera sp. W 2705 as filiformis sp. PNH 349 bordenii UC 15829 CAHUP 5270 sp. PNH 39370 stoneae Thai wh. motoskei IML 50 subquintuplinervis fungii australis subsp. oramicola chlorantha mine chlorantha W 3111 whistlerii sp. Samoa Dbl. pauciflora sp. marginata telosmoides quinquifolia (UC) 1013 cagayanensis UC 45730 sp. W 2643 filiformis ? ABG #12 diversifolia Malaya sp. whistlerii W 7989 cagayanensis Monina 279 ex India

0.68 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.41 0.36 0.79 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.64 0.53 0.52 0.47 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.95 0.80 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.66 0.66 0.63 0.56 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.46 0.37 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.51 0.77

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14

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ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls

aust. rupicola odorata UC 14519 Rizal chlorantha W 10477 W 3110 vitellinioides vitellinoides querinoensis CAHUP 41946 diptera sp. salweenica megalaster loyceandrewsiae pubicalyx UC 49272 Mati, Davao W 8232 as vitiensis fetuana betchei W 3243 Upolu mindorensis 890508 BSI #1 (UC) 20732 vitiensis kerrii Thai. white kerrii Marin Cactus Patch sp. (UC) 3949 kerrii hairy mucronulata paziae sp. Yap Singapore 2003 obtusifolia CT Thailand thompsonii CT Thailand as apiculata chlorantha W 344 sp. whistlerii W 8796 sp. whistlerii W 7605 sp. UC 49395 fischeriana erythrostemma uncinata pimenteliana macgillivrayi odorata JP Batangas TG meliflua australis subsp. aust. pachyclada multiflora imperialis albiflora onychoides x tuaffanua

0.74 0.72 0.67 0.65 0.52 0.50 0.40 0.32 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.81 0.80 0.65 0.65 0.54 0.52 0.77 0.67 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.54 0.50 0.75 0.52 0.95 0.80 0.75 0.74 0.56 0.53 0.42 0.57 0.52 0.42 1.35 0.95 0.89 0.81 0.75 1.27 1.02 1.22 1.12 0.65

0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.26

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ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls

lobii meliflua subsp. fraterna odorata TG CAHUP 16913 archboldiana buotii sp. W 5165 crassicaulis #14440 sp. DAV 819 as cominsii odorata CAHUP 19258 acuta finlaysonii like lf. sp. Mt. Mantavani, Samoa sp. minibella shephardii CAHUP 5991 CAHUP 63826 longifolia sp. Maximo Wayet Diffin darwinii intermedia AC Smith sp. IML 1056 bicolensis PNH 24031 nicholsoniae IML 39 odorata PNH 18041 CAHUP 41193 UC 18041 odorata leucorhoda sp. Balasik TG 94112 sp. Buluson sp. CAHUP 3935 rigida CT Thailand limonica benguetensis UC 14997 CAHUP 41945 sp. affinis australis Balasik odorata UC 29638 Polillo bicolor sp. F-428 Kuching Borneo sp. W 1796 chloran./betchei ramosii mitrata purpureofusca

1.06 0.87 0.87 0.63 1.72 0.85 0.75 0.48 0.57 0.51 0.67 0.57 0.65 0.55 0.35 0.38 0.55 0.50 0.92 0.61 0.44 0.35 0.78 0.70 0.40 0.38 0.92 0.71 0.70 0.55 0.48 0.65 0.62 0.54 0.37 0.40 0.73 0.54 0.26 0.73 0.55 0.92 0.73

0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.35 very short 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.20

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ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ? ls or d/c ls or d/c ls or d/c ls or d/c ls or d/c ls to d/c ls to p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p