What are these pictures? Can you explain them? Can you tell the differences?
Ok. The secondary sector consists of construction and industry. Construction refers to the construction of buildings and infrastructure (roads,bridges,airports, etc...) Is the industry a system? ¿What do you think? Explain it .
Q.1 Complete this text:; Industry transforms ........................ into............................. .Different ................... are involved in industrial production:....................,.....................,....................,..................... What happens in the Industry are called processes.The ………….,…………….,…………. What it produces are called o………... The finished product is sold and the money earned is ……………….( reinvertida) in the Industry. 1
2. INPUTS : a)RAW MATERIALS These are resourses that are transformed into finished or semi-finished products by means of an industrial process. Raw materials can be of animal origin e.g. wool and milk, vegetable origin, eg. Nylon and plastic Q.2 Which is the raw material ?Power point b)ENERGY RESOURSES These are the natural resources that provide the power necessary to operate machines. There are two types of energy sources : non-renewable and renewable or alternative (obtained from unlimited natural resources) Q.3 Read this cloud of words and classify them in the correct box : Non renewable energy
Renewable energy
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Q.4 Write the correct name of the energies:
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Origin: Acumulation of vegetable remains ,buried under the ground or in shallow water , which have decomposed and solidified until they were converted into minerals rich in carbon. Use: Production of electricity in powerstations. Main producing countries: China, USA and India
Origin: uses the movement of waves and tides to produce electricity in tidal power stations. Use: very little nowadays because it requires high investments and can damage natural environment. Main producing countries: France , United Kingdom and Canada
Origin ; related with oil; can appear in a pocket above an oil field. Use: industries (cement, ceramics, etc) homes (heating, water – heaters, kitchens) , production of electricity in power stations. Main producing countries: Russia, USA and Canada
Origin: electricity is generated by using the power of a mass of water falling from a certain height. Use;electricity supply for industries and urban rural homes. Main producing countries; Canada , Brasil, China, Unated states.
Origin: Accumulation of plankton on the botton of the sea , which are converted into hydrocarbon. Oil needs a refining process. Use: industries , transport and production of electricity in power stations. Main p.c.; Saudi Arabia and Russia
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Origin ; Minerals with radioactive elements, like uranium, which generate electricity in nuclear power stations. Use : possible environmental problems related to the storage of nuclear waste and risk of nuclear accidents have raised doubts about its use. Main producing c. USA, France and Japan.
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Origin; electricity is generated by using the power of the wind. Individual wind turbines or turbines grouped together on wind power farms are used. Use;hot water supply for heating systems and production of electricity. MPC; United States, Philippines and Mexico.
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Origin; makes use of the internal heat of the Earth (hot springs or water vapour) Use; hot water supply for heating systems and production of electricity. Main p.c. United States, Philippines and Mexico
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Origin; electricity is generated from the heat of the rays of the sun , concentrated in solar panels. Use; electricity supply for rural and urban homes and industries. Main p.c. United States, Germany, Australia and Canada
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Origin:waste (agricultural, industrial,animal,urban,etc...) is used as fuel or to obtain gas. Use;fuel and gas supply for industries , domestic heating systems. Main producing countries: Unites States, France and Sweden.
Q.5 Map of Energy: Look at the map and answer the questions. a)Name three countries that produce oil and three that produce natural gas. b)Which part of the world is the biggest oil producer? c)What types of energy are produced in the USA and Russia?
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c) HUMAN RESOURCES: There are the people who intervene in industrial production. Q.6: Write if it is a feature of a developed country (Dd) or a developing country(Dg) Unemployment benefits Minimum health and safety standars Health insurance Salaries are very low No Health insurance Workers enjoy paid holidays Right of strike are recognized Freedom of association Working days are very long There are very few breaks. d)CAPITAL Capital (money,buildings,machinery, etc...) is needed to develop industrial activities. It is provided by private individuals(private companies), the State (state companies) or both(mixed companies). Private companies can be individual (one person provides the capital) or collective(many people provide the capital) Companies can be small , medium sized(pymes 50 to 250 workers) or large To increase business proficts, companies merge and join together.
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Q7. Match them
Horizontal integration is joining of companies involved in the same industry activity
Vertical integration is the grouping of companies that participate in the different stages of production
Q.8. Read the text and answer the questions in your exercise book. Mining is an activity from the primary sector. It is related to the secondary sector because it consist of the extraction of minerals that are used as raw materials in industry. The extraction of minerals can be done two ways: Surface mining. The extraction of minerals is done through layered excavations in the open air. Underground mining. The surface is perforated in order to get to the minerals. It is necessary to build shafts and underground galleries. 1-What is a mining? 2-What is the relationship between mining and industry? 3-Look up the words layer and shaft. Explain the difference between surface and underground mining.
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3-TYPES OF INDUSTRIES: There are three types of industry; Capital goods industry, light industry or heavy industry. 1-It transforms semifinished products from heavy industry 2-They are high technology and aerospace
1.High investment in raw materials and energy sources. 2.Located close to deposits of raw materials 3-Very polluting 4-It needs large spaces
I am a
I am a
1-Consumes fewer raw materials and energy resources 2-It is generally less polluting 3-Located near the cities 4-Its size vary a lot
I m am a
1-Heavy Industry Q.9. Match them The aluminium industrry and the copper industry
Siderurgical industry
Heavy chemical industry
. This sector of the metallurgical industry produces steel. The principal producers are China, Brazil, Australia …
Manufactures metals and metal products .They are very important .There are two types. The product of the first one is used in other industries such as shipbuilding ,automobile… and in the high-tension. The product of the second is used in the electrical and aeronautical producers
Makes products that are necessary for other industries, like sulphuric acid, nitrogen, phosphates ,caustic soda ,and derivates of coal and oil.
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Q.10: Read the text about Light industry and answer the questions:
1-Food industry Transforms and manipulates (refrigerates ,packs,etc.)vegetable ,meat,fish and dairy products. The United Kingdom, Switzerland ,the United States and the Netherlands are some of the principal producers. 2-Automobile industry Manufactures industrial vehicles(lorries ,vans ,buses…)and vehicles for individual use(cars and motorbikes).The main producers and European countries, Japan, the United States, countries from southeast Asia, like South Korea and China. 3-Light chemical industry Manufactures pharmaceutical, photographic ,cosmetic products and plastics, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy are some of the main producers. 4-Textile industry Groups activities like spinning and weaving, making clothes and other articles (rugs ,bags, belts, etc.) Asian countries, like China ,have replaced traditional textile producers, like France , Belgium, The UK and the Netherlands.
1- What does the food industry manipulate? 2-What kind of vehicles does the automobile industry manufacture? 3-What are the light chemical industry products? Why are they called light? 4- Which countries were the traditional textile producers? Why do you think they were then and aren´t now? 5- Which country is named as producer of almost all the industries? Why do you think this is so? Q.11 Say if these examples are of heavy or light industry. a) This type of industry requires high investment in raw materials and energy sources. b) These industrial activities usually take place close to cities and transport links. c) These industrial activities usually take place close to deposits of raw materials and energy sources d) These industries are less contaminating than others, but their facilities modify the environment. e) These industries are very contaminating; this is why they are located outside towns and cities.
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4-INDUSTRIAL SPACES: Industries establish themselves in a place depending on a number of factors:
Q.12 Identify which factor is being described in each statement. -
The factory needs them near to reduce the cost of transport. Without it, industry can´t work, the workforce is needed. Money is also an important factor. Where to locate the industry is important as well. Electricity moves the machines, it´s also important. Industry can´t survive without places where to sell the products. Those who rule the country can encourage industry with their policies. The surrounding of an industry is as important as it is.
5-CHANGES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 1- Changes in the processes of industrial production .in particular the robotisation of assembly lines,computer programs ,digital technology... 2- Constant innovations; governments and many companies support and invest in RDI(research ,development and innovation) 3- New materials;the application of new technologies has made it possible to create more ecological or better quality products. Q.13 Which is it? Technology park and industrial park Industrial area on the outskirts of a city with factories, industrial plants, warehouses ,services, and transport links, mostly for light industry
Industrial area dedicated to high technology, research, development ,and innovation ,with low environmental impact
6-MAIN INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN THE WORLD: 10
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Q.14 Match them, there can be several possibilities.
Negative effects
Corrective measures
Acid rain: the combustion of some Clean technology, purification systems, filters energy sources like coal and oil or petrol used by industry and transport produces acids that mix with water vapour in the atmosphere and fall in the form of rain. Energy saving and use of renewable energy sources
The needs of industry have to led to the overexploitation of natural resources , like raw materials and energy Improvements in waste management, through recycling and resources the use of biodegradable materials
Increase of the greenhouse effect; a natural effect that allows the development of life on Earth, but is increased by CO 2 emissions from industry and transport, which causes an increase in temperatures .
Preventive measures , like environmental impact studies before and industry is set up
Rehabilitation of degraded or abandoned industrial areas
Reduction of the ozone layer
Reduction in the consumption of resources and recycling of waste
Industrial waste thrown into rivers and seas pollutes the water. Ecology groups and organisations take actions to protect the air and landscapes.
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Q.15. Look at the picture , read the text and answer the questions in your exercise book
The atmosphere contains water vapour and carbon dioxide (CO 2) , which stop the heat from the sun from escaping to outer space. In this way, the temperature on Earth is maintained at an appropriate level for the development of life. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. The increase in carbon dioxide, caused by deforestation and emissions from industries, vehicles and power stations, intensifies the natural greenhouse effect .This leads to a rise in temperatures on Earth , which affects rains and wind and causes the melting of ice in polar regions. a) What is the function of carbon dioxide and water vapour? Are they beneficial or dangerous for people? b) Which activities contribute to increase of CO2 in the atmosphere? c) What is the effect of this increase on temperatures on Earth? d) Look up the world melt. What happens to polar regions when temperatures rise? e) Is the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere good or bad for the environment? Why?
Final Task: In Pairs: Investigate about Baeza´s industries. Point them out in a Baeza´s map. List all Baeza´s industries and explain what types they are. What kind of pollution is produced by them? List examples. Complete the pattern that your teacher will give you.
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