Progression of Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) K-12 Computer Science Standards, Revised 2017
Computing Systems
Con cept
Subconcept
Devices
Hardware & Software Troubleshooting
Algorithms & Programming
Data & Analysis
Networks & The Internet
Network Communication & Organization
Level 1A (Ages 5-7)
Level 1B (Ages 8-11)
Level 2 (Ages 11-14)
Level 3A (Ages 14-16)
By the end of Grade 2, students will be able to...
By the end of Grade 5, students will be able to...
By the end of Grade 8, students will be able to...
By the end of Grade 10, students will be able to...
Select and operate appropriate software to perform a variety of tasks and recognize that Describe how internal and external parts of P1.1 P7.2 users have different needs and preferences for computing devices function to form a system. the technology they use. Use appropriate terminology in identifying and describing the function of common physical Model how computer hardware and software P7.2 P4.4 components of computing systems work together as a system to accomplish tasks. (hardware). Determine potential solutions to solve simple P6.2 Describe basic hardware and software P6.2 hardware and software problems using common P7.2 problems using accurate terminology. troubleshooting strategies. Model how information is broken down into smaller pieces, transmitted as packets through P4.4 multiple devices over networks and the Internet, and reassembled at the destination. Explain what passwords are and why we use them, and use strong passwords to protect Discuss real-world cybersecurity problems and P7.3 P3.1 devices and information from unauthorized how personal information can be protected. access.
Collection, Visualization & Transformation
Store, copy, search, retrieve, modify, and P4.2 delete information using a computing device and define the information stored as data.
P7.1 Collect and present the same data in various P4.4 visual formats.
Identify and describe patterns in data Inference & Models P4.1 visualizations, such as charts or graphs, to make a prediction. Model daily processes by creating and Algorithms P4.4 following algorithms (sets of step-by-step instructions) to complete tasks. Model the way programs store and manipulate Variables P4.4 data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information. P5.2
Systematically identify and fix problems with computing devices and their components.
Develop guidelines that convey systematic P6.2 troubleshooting strategies that others can use to identify and fix errors.
P4.4
Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.
Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks, P4.1 by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology and addressing.
P7.2
Explain how physical and digital security measures protect electronic information.
P7.2
Organize and present collected data visually to highlight relationships and support a claim.
Use data to highlight or propose cause-and-effect P7.1 relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate an idea. Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the P6.3 same task and determine which is the most P3.3 appropriate. P5.2
Create programs that use variables to store and modify data.
P6.3 P5.3 P4.4 P4.4 P4.1 P5.1 P5.2
Develop programs with sequences and simple Create programs that include sequences, events, P5.1 P5.2 loops, to express ideas or address a problem. loops, and conditionals. P5.2
Control
Practices
P6.2
P4.0
P7.1
P1. Fostering an Inclusive Computing Culture P2. Collaborating Around Computing
Explain how abstractions hide the underlying P4.1 implementation details of computing systems embedded in everyday objects.
Design projects that combine hardware and Compare levels of abstraction and interactions P5.1 software components to collect and exchange P4.1 between application software, system software and data. hardware layers.
P4.4
Cybersecurity
Storage
Recommend improvements to the design of P3.3 computing devices, based on an analysis of how users interact with the devices.
Give examples to illustrate how sensitive data can be affected by malware and other attacks.
Recommend security measures to address various Apply multiple methods of encryption to model P3.3 scenarios based on factors such as efficiency, the secure transmission of information. feasibility, and ethical impacts. Compare various security measures, considering P6.3 tradeoffs between the usability and security of a computer system. Explain tradeoffs when selecting and implementing P7.2 cybersecurity recommendations. Translate between different bit representations of Represent data using multiple encoding P4.1 real-world phenomena, such as characters, schemes. numbers and images. Evaluate the tradeoffs in how data elements are P3.3 organized and where data is stored. Collect data using computational tools and Create interactive data visualizations using software transform the data to make it more useful and P4.4 tools to help others better understand real-world reliable. phenomena. Create a computational model that represents the Refine computational models based on the P4.4 relationships among different elements of data data they have generated. collected from a phenomenon or process. Create prototypes that use algorithms to solve Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address P5.2 computational problems by leveraging prior student complex problems as algorithms. knowledge and personal interests Create clearly named variables that represent Use lists to simplify solutions, generalizing different data types and perform operations P4.1 computational problems instead of repeated use of on their values. simple variables. Justify the selection of specific control structures Design and iteratively develop programs that when tradeoffs involve implementation, readability, combine control structures, including nested P5.2 and program performance and explain the benefits loops and compound conditionals. and drawbacks of choices made. Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or P5.2 to address a societal issue by using events to initiate instructions.
P3. Recognizing and Defining Computational Problems P5. Creating Computational Artifacts P4. Developing and Using Abstractions P6. Testing and Refining Computational Artifacts
P7. Communicating About Computing
Progression of Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) K-12 Computer Science Standards, Revised 2017 Con cept
Subconcept
Algorithms & Programming
Modularity
Program Development
Impacts of Computing
Culture
Level 1A (Ages 5-7)
Level 1B (Ages 8-11)
Level 2 (Ages 11-14)
Level 3A (Ages 14-16)
By the end of Grade 2, students will be able to...
By the end of Grade 5, students will be able to...
By the end of Grade 8, students will be able to...
By the end of Grade 10, students will be able to...
Decompose (break down) the steps needed to Decompose (break down) problems into smaller, P3.2 solve a problem into a precise sequence of P3.2 manageable subproblems to facilitate the instructions. program development process. Modify, remix or incorporate portions of an P5.3 existing program into one's own work, to develop something new or add more advanced features. Develop a plan that describes a program’s Use an iterative process to plan the development P5.1 P1.1 sequence of events, goals, and expected of a program by including others' perspectives P7.2 P5.1 outcomes. and considering user preferences. Observe intellectual property rights and give Give attribution when using the ideas and P7.3 P7.3 appropriate attribution when creating or remixing creations of others while developing programs. programs. Debug (identify and fix) errors in an algorithm Test and debug (identify and fix errors) a P6.1 program or algorithm to insure it runs as P6.2 or program that includes sequences and P6.2 simple loops. intended. Take on varying roles, with teacher guidance, when collaborating with peers during the design, P2.2 implementation and review stages of program development. Using correct terminology, describe steps Describe choices made during program P7.2 taken and choices made during the iterative P7.2 development using code comments, process of program development. presentations, and demonstrations. Discuss computing technologies that have Compare how people live and work before and changed the world and express how those P7 after the implementation or adoption of new P7.1 technologies influence, and are influenced by, computing technology. cultural practices. Brainstorm ways to improve the accessibility and P1.2 usability of technology products for the diverse needs and wants of users.
Decompose problems and subproblems into P3.2 parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs. P4.1 P4.3 P2.3 P1.1 P4.2 P5.2 P7.3 P6.1
Decompose problems into smaller components P3.2 through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, and/or objects. Create artifacts by using procedures within a Create procedures with parameters to P5.2 program, combinations of data and procedures, or organize code and make it easier to reuse. independent but interrelated programs. Seek and incorporate feedback from team Systematically design and develop programs for members and users to refine a solution that P5.1 broad audiences by incorporating feedback from meets user needs. users. Evaluate licenses that limit or restrict use of Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries P7.3 computational artifacts when using resources such into original programs, and give attribution. as libraries. Systematically test and refine programs using Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make P6.3 a range of test cases. them more usable and accessible.
Distribute tasks and maintain a project P2.2 timeline when collaboratively developing computational artifacts.
P2.4
Document programs in order to make them P7.2 easier to follow, test, and debug.
Document design decisions using text, graphics, P7.2 presentations, and/or demonstrations in the development of complex programs.
Design and develop computational artifacts working in team roles using collaborative tools.
Compare tradeoffs associated with computing Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, P7.2 technologies that affect people's everyday P1.2 ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices. activities and career options. P1.2
Discuss issues of bias and accessibility in the Test and refine computational artifacts to reduce P1.2 design of existing technologies. bias and equity deficits. Demonstrate ways a given algorithm applies to problems across disciplines. Use tools and methods for collaboration on a project P2.4 to increase connectivity of people in different cultures and career fields. P3.1
Social Interactions
P2.1
Work respectfully and responsibly with others online.
P1.1
Seek diverse perspectives for the purpose of improving computational artifacts.
Collaborate with many contributors through P2.4 strategies such as crowdsourcing or surveys P5.2 when creating a computational artifact.
Use public domain or creative commons media P7.3 and refrain from copying or using material created by others without permission. Safety, Law & Ethics
Practices
P7.3
Keep login information private, and log off of devices appropriately,
P1. Fostering an Inclusive Computing Culture P2. Collaborating Around Computing
P7.3 Describe tradeoffs between allowing P7.2 information to be public and keeping information private and secure.
P3. Recognizing and Defining Computational Problems P5. Creating Computational Artifacts P4. Developing and Using Abstractions P6. Testing and Refining Computational Artifacts
Explain the beneficial and harmful effects that intellectual property laws can have on innovation.
Explain the privacy concerns related to the P7.2 collection and generation of data through automated processes that may not be evident to users. Evaluate the social and economic implications of P7.3 privacy in the context of safety, law or ethics. P7. Communicating About Computing
