Name _________________________________________________

Date______________________ Period ________

Vocabulary Guide Unit 1 Vocabulary Word 1.

Agriculture

2.

Anno Domini (AD)

3.

Archeologist

4.

Architecture

5.

artifact

6.

Artisan

7.

Before Christ (BC)

8.

Botanist

9.

Canal

10. Century 11. Chemist 12. City-state 13. Civilization 14. Common Era (CE) 15. Cultivate 16. Culture 17. Dam 18. Decade 19. Devotional statues 20. Domesticate 21. Evolution 22. Excavate 23. Fertile 24. Geography 25. Geologist 26. Government

Definition

Sentence

the practice of farming and domestication of animals medieval Latin term meaning in the year of the lord, used to label the years after 1

With improved methods of farming, agriculture flourished in the area. Modern historical research suggests the current A.D. date is actually wrong, as Jesus was born 4-7 years earlier than the year 1 date the Gregorian Calendar works from.

A scientist who studies the past human cultures through the examination of artifacts

Despite being a terrible archeologist, Indiana Jones still holds a special place in the hearts of adventure seekers.

a method or style of building

Many buildings in Washington D.C. are modeled after Greek and Roman architecture.

An object (such as a tool or weapon) that was made by people in the past a worker who practices a trade and specializes in making something a religious label of the years before 1

The caves contained many prehistoric artifacts. The market sold baskets made by local artisans. The abbreviation B.C. stands for "Before Christ," part of a dating system that has been used in western scholarship for approximately 1500 years.

a specialist that deals with plant life

The botanist examined the plant remains to determine what early people ate.

a man-made waterway for transportation or irrigation. a period of 100 years

The two lakes are connected by a canal. Millions of people celebrated the beginning of the 21st century on January 1, 2000.

A specialist that examines the chemical properties of an artifact often to determine its age

The chemist used the process of radio carbon dating to determine the artifact was 4,000 years old.

A city with its own traditions and its own government and laws; it acts as an independent state

Athens and Sparta were two of the early Greek city-states.

a particular well-organized and developed society

The impact of technical advancements on civilization has revolutionized the way people communicate.

a non-religious label of the years after 1 to make (land or soil) fit for growing plants, as by plowing or adding nutrients. the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time a barrier built across a waterway to prevent the flow of water a period of 10 years

In the United States, the usage of the Common Era notation in textbooks is growing. The farmers had to wait for the earth to thaw out before they could cultivate the soil. Her art shows the influence of pop culture.

Construction of the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River began in 1931. There have been a lot of changes during the past two decades.

Statues that designed and made to represent someone’s beliefs

The ancient Sumerians would leave devotional statues at the place of worship to represent them praying while they worked.

To tame animals and raise them to be used by humans the process by which changes in plants and animals happen over time to uncover (something) by digging away and removing the earth that covers it Land or soil that contains substances plants need in order to grow well

Dogs became “man’s best friend” after being domesticated.

The theory of evolution states that modern humans developed from earlier species. As archeologists excavated the ancient city they found many priceless artifacts. The land along the banks of the Nile River is extremely fertile.

the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments.

It is important to study geography to understand how and why people live the way they do.

A person who specializes in the study of rocks

The geologist determined the pyramid was made from limestone.

a particular system used for keeping order in a civilization

The ancient Greeks in the city-state of Athens are credited with creating the system of government known as democracy.

27. Hierarchy 28. History 29. Hominid 30. Independent 31. Irrigation 32. Levee 33. Linguist 34. Literature 35. Migrate 36. Millennium 37. monotheistic 38. Natural resource 39. Neolithic 40. Nomad 41. Oral tradition 42. pagan 43. Paleoanthropologist 44. Paleolithic 45. polytheistic 46. Prehistory 47. Primitive 48. Religion 49. Reservoir 50. Scribe 51. Silt 52. Social class 53. Society 54. Surplus 55. Technology

a system in which people or things are placed in a series of levels with different importance or status The written and other recorded events of people

a primate of a family that includes humans and their fossil ancestors. not ruled by another; self-governing; separate the supplying of water to land by man-made means to aid in growing crops. an mound built along the sides of a river to channel and contain river water against flooding A person who specializes in reading and translating languages written works (such as poems, plays, and novels) that are considered to have lasting importance

to move from one place into another. a period of 1,000 years

The principal is at the top of the school’s hierarchy. Hurricane Katrina was one of the most destructive storms in modern history.

The hominid, homo habilis, is thought to have been the first to make tools. The ancient Greek cities were independent of one another. An irrigation system was built to water the crops of wheat and corn.

When the water level rose higher than the levee, it broke and the city was flooded. The linguist deciphered the Rosetta Stone and unlocked the key to understanding hieroglyphics.

Her education gave her an appreciation for ancient Greek literature.

Birds in the north migrate to the south for warmer temperatures in the winter. The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of the third millennium.

The belief in one god

Christians, Jews, and Muslims are all monotheistic peoples.

something (as water, a mineral, forest, or kind of animal) that is found in nature and is valuable to humans

Fresh water is the most important natural resource.

the latest period of the Stone Age characterized by advanced stone tools and weapons A person who has no settled home

The Neolithic Period was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,000 BC.

Stories passed down through generations by word of mouth A person who believes in many gods

Nomads wandered from place to place in search of food. Oral traditions are an important of many families’ past.

The ancient Egyptians were pagans.

A person who specializes in examining fossil remains to determine how people lived

The paleoanthropologist concluded that homo erectus walked upright by examining its hips.

the time during the Old Stone Age when people made rough tools and weapons out of stone The belief in many gods

The Paleolithic diet is a diet based on the food humans' ancient ancestors might likely have eaten, such as meat, nuts and berries.

the period of time in the past before people could write : the time before history was written down A simple or undeveloped condition.

Dinosaurs existed in prehistoric times.

an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods a place where water is collected and stored, esp. to supply a community or for agricultural purposes. Someone who reads and writes for someone

Hinduism is a polytheistic religion.

The first stone tools were very primitive in design. Many people turn to religion for comfort in a time of crisis. The reservoir serves as a source of fresh drinking water. Scribes were important in ancient Egyptian civilization because many people could not read or write.

Rich, fertile soil deposited by the flooding of a river

When the flood waters receded the silt left behind made the land great for farming.

a division of a society based on social and economic status.

People known as “untouchables” were the lowest level of the social class system in India.

people in general thought of as living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values

An extra amount; more than what is needed to invent or improve on useful things with the intent to solve problems or make life easier

We need to do more to help the poorer members of our society.

A surplus of food was very important for early population growth. Sharpening stones was a technological improvement for prehistoric people.

56. Topography 57. Trade 58. Tradition

The natural shape of the land

the act of exchanging one thing for another without the exchange of money. a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used by the people in a group, family, society…for a long time

The formation of lakes is a result of the topography of the land. Before the invention of money ancient people relied solely on trading. One of our town's time-honored traditions is to have an Easter egg hunt the week before Easter.