Compare VOIP IPTV A. Definition VOIP VOIP stands for Voice Over Internet Protocol or so-called digital phone is the technology that makes the Internet media to be able to do long-distance voice communications directly. In VOIP analog voice signal, as you hear when communicating on the phone is converted into digital data and transmitted over the network in the form of data packets in real time. In VoIP communications, the user having the phone via a PC terminal or a regular phone. By using a VoIP phone calls, a lot of advantages that can be taken include the terms of obvious cost less than traditional phone rates, because IP networks are global. Internasionaldapat relationship so as to be reduced by 70%. In addition, maintenance costs can be reduced because the data voicedan networkterpisah, so the IP Phone can be added, moved and changed. This is because VoIP can be installed in any ethernet and IP address, unlike conventional phone must have its own port in Central or PBX (Private Branch Exchange).

B. Functions VOIP Some VoIP functionality, including:  Signalling Signalling serves to capture the targeted tissues, so it can perform initialization (delivery) message / conversation.  Database Service The service database is one VoIP functionality in the search for the ultimate goal / endpoint that must be addressed, as well as address translators typically used in duajaringan different.  Call Connect / Disconnect (Bearer Control) Bearer Control allows the recipient can call up a call / receive calls.  Codecs Operations Useful as a coder or decoderdalam conversion / transmitted voice into a digital signal / packet data or vice versa.

C. How the VOIP VoIP converts or change your sound is an analog signal into a digital signal that is transmitted over the internet. Unlike a conventional phone that transmits voice you use the electrical signals through wires. VoIP can be used directly through the computer, a special VoIP phone or conventional phone connected using a special tool called VoIP adapter.

Broadly speaking, VoIP services can be divided into four, namely: 1) Computer to Computer This service is a voice call service using the computer as a communication tool. By using a special service on the internet we could use our computers that have been connected to the internet to make calls to other computers that use the same service. Many VoIP service providers on the internet. One service that supports voice calls over the Internet are Yahoo messenger. By using Yahoo messenger we can make a voice call with a fellow user. Likewise, other service providers, like MSN messenger or Skype. VoIP Service computer to computer to do it for free, you only need to provide Internet connections on your computer.

2) Computer to Phone This service is a service that allows us to make calls from computer to phone, be it telephone (PSTN) or mobile phone (cell phone). This service also requires a service provider on the internet. One of these service providers is Skype. The service is also not free as computer to computer VoIP service, the service costs which must be purchased in advance (prepaid system). How to use this service is also not difficult. First, we must have an account on the relevant service provider, usually creating an account is not in charge. Then we buy credit or it could be called a pulse, which will be used to make calls to phone. Calls made not only to local phone numbers, but calls can be made to call an international number worldwide. And also, we can make good calls to landlines or mobile phones. Rate used is based on the service provider.

3) Phone to Computer VoIP call service is a service that allows you to make calls from the phone to the computer. Again, the service providers that support these services one of which is

Skype. When we have a skype account, we can also have what is called Online Number. Online number is what will be on call from any phone.

4) Phone to Phone The service is done by using a special phone or conventional phone is connected to a VoIP adapter. To use this service we have to use a service provider VoIP phone to phone. One of these service providers are Phone Power. With this service we can make calls anywhere around the world who use the tools that support.

D. VoIP Protocols  TCP / IP (Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) Is a network protocol used on the Internet. Standardization is necessary in order that an agreement between computers on the procedure for sending and receiving data so that the data can be sent and received correctly. This protocol consists of two major parts, namely TCP and UDP as well as the under layer protocols TSB named IP. o Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) A protocol to maintain the reliability of communication links end-Moend. The basic concept of the workings of TCP is sending and receiving information segments with the length of the data varies on an internet datagram. In a VoIP connection, TCP is used when signaling, TCP is used to ensure the setup of a call to the session signaling. TCP is not used for sending voice data for the VoIP data communications data handling has been delayed more important than the lost packet handling. o User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Is one of the main protocol over IP, which is simpler than the TCP. UDP is used for situations that are not concerned with reliability mechanisms. UDP is used in VoIP in the delivery of streaming audio, ongoing and more important as the speed of data transmission in order to arrive at a destination without regard to their missing package even though 50% of the number of packets sent. Because UDP can transmit streaming data quickly.

o Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol is designed for the interconnection of computer communication system in a packet switched network. In the TCP / IP network, a computer identified by an IP address. Each computer has a unique IP address, each different from one another. This is done to prevent errors in data transfer. Lastly, protocol access the data directly related to the physical media. In general, this protocol is to handle error detection during data transfer.  SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) That is the protocol used for the initiation, modification and termination of VoIP communication session. SIP is a protocol Open Standard published by the IETF, RFC 2543 and RFC 3261. Besides being used for voice communication session negotiation, SIP can also be used for data communication session negotiation of other media such as video and text. Mentioned as simply doing "communication session negotiation" is because SIP is a signaling protocol, not the media transfer protocol. This means that SIP does not deliver media data (voice, video and text), but only negotiated communication session course and take advantage of other protocols such as RTP as a media transfer protocol.  H.323 VoIP can communicate with other systems that operate on a packet-switch network. To be able to communicate a need for a standardized communication systems are compatible with each other. H.323 standard consists of components, protocols, and procedures that provide multimedia communications over packet-based networks. Form of packet-based network that can be passed between the Internet network, the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) -based, Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN). H.323 can be used for services - multimedia services such as voice communications (IP telephony), video with voice communications (video telephony), and combined voice, video and data.

E. VoIP Components 1) Call Processing Server / IP PBX IP PBX is a switching device data packet telephony and data communication technology-based Internet Protocol (IP). IP PBX server may be 1 or more, must be adapted to the needs. 2) User-End Device The device used to support VoIP operation in which there are applications that can be used as an additional regulator for VoIP configuration. For example: mobile phones, laptops and IP Phone. 3) Media Gateway / Gatekeeper Used to communicate with VoIP Call Processing Server / IP PBX and other VoIP components. 4) IP Network IP Network / IP-based network is used as a network infrastructure in the use of VoIP.

F. Advantages And Disadvantages of VOIP Advantages of VoIP VoIP was created to provide a means of communication to be more costeffective and more flexible. Here are some advantages of VoIP: 1. Lower costs for long distance connections. For two sites are connected to the Internet and take advantage of VoIP, then the conversation becomes very low cost. 2. Utilizing data network infrastructure that already exists. Useful if an institution already has infrastrktur network. If possible, the existing network can be built VoIP network with ease. Not required additional monthly fee for additional facilities of VoIP. 3. Using a small bandwidth. With the advance of technology, the use of bandwidth for voice is now a very small. 4. Allows combined with local telephone networks that already exist. With the form of VoIP network gateway can be connected to a PABX (Private Automated Branch Exchange) which is at the office. Communication between the office can use a regular telephone.

5. VoIP can be made into large networks. For example in Indonesia is VoIP Rakyat. 6. Variations in the use of existing equipment, for example from PCs, IP phones, conventional phones and smartphones.

Disadvantages of VoIP Among some of the advantages that have been described, VoIP also has its drawbacks. Some shortcomings of VoIP are as follows: 1. The sound quality is not as clear as a conventional telephone. This is the effect of sound compression with a small bandwidth then there will be a decrease in sound quality compared to network Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) conventional. 2. There is a lag (delay) in communication. The process of changing data into sounds and pauses network, make any lag in communication using VoIP. 3. The equipment is relatively expensive. VoIP equipment that connects the VoIP PABX relatively expensive. Expected with the increasing popularity of VoIP is the price of the equipment is also starting down the price. 4. If you use VoIP more and more, then the existing data network to be full, and if not well managed will lead to a failure in communication.

G. Definition IPTV IPTV or Internet Protocol Television is a television service with Internet network that uses network architecture and method of the Internet protocol suite via packetswitched network infrastructure, such as Internet and broadband access Internet network, instead of using radio frequency, satellite signal, and cable television. IPTV is a new development in the client-server communication software that broadcasts high-quality video (equivalent real time full motion video simultaneously) to the user window over existing data networks. Some of the features possessed by IPTV are: 1) IPTV can be broadcast live or prerecorded digital video educational programs, commercial, etc., and can make capturing and transmitting programs from various sources.

2) IPTV can perform scheduling / scheduling programs according to the needs of the owner of the information and the audience. Viewer can select a program from a listing to be seen. 3) IPTV can provide an economical yet without sacrificing quality of service. This is because the transmission bandwidth efficient technologies, namely IP multicasting. 4) IPTV supports standard formats MPEG (Motion Picturre Experts Group) to provide high quality, full-motion video. This feature is in addition to the standard CODEC (compression / decompression) to ensure optimal picture quality according to the specifications of the application and the available bandwidth. 5) When compared with conventional methods tutorial, IPTV is more efficient because it does not have to pay the instructor, print material costs relatively little, do not need to hire a special seminar room (for IPTV can be accessed by every table during connected in a LAN / WAN).

Basically, IPTV has two components: 1) Internet Protocol (IP) Confirms the packet format and address scheme, since almost all networks combine IP with a more sophisticated protocol. Depending on the vendor, UPD (User Datagram Protocol) is a protocol commonly used. This protocol connects the data source and destination IP link information and using this information in a system. But there is no direct link with the source of the information recipient anatara

2) Television (TV) Television is a medium to communicate the work to deliver pictures and sound. Everyone would know the TV, but here the better known television services and programming desired Linera (on demand).

When both are combined, then the IP + TV = IPTV, which is a medium for communication image and sound that goes with and in the Internet Protocol network. IP network in the IP network IPTV is not public, but private IP network.

H. Functions IPTV Some functions in IPTV networks, including:  Head-end, consisting of IRD (integrated receiver decoder) which serves as a receiver via satellite television channels, and encoder functions convert video format to a standard format MPEG-4 / H.264 to be passed to the IP network.  Middleware is a component of the main controller IPTV services. Middleware is integrated with a VoD server, content management / delivery system (CMS / CDS), an end-user terminal, CA / DRM and NMS. Systems on the middleware supports open architecture and open standards have the interface, to communicate with 3rd party application, and support the development of new services quickly.  BCMS (business and content management system) is a system used to manage business content and IPTV systems.  VoD (video on demand) is a system that provides services to customers on demand. VoD distributed with a mechanism that allows the minimization of costs.  CA (conditional access) / DRM (digital rights management) is a mechanism that allows the system provides authenticated access rights to a program that the user requested.  End User Terminal is divided into several types depending on the access point is used. For the private network will use home gateways and set top box (STB), which the home gateway is the gateway connection to the broadband network, while STB is an interface device of the home gateway terminal to the customer TV. For the public network will be used client application installed on the device and is integrated with the browser used.  CDN (content delivery network) is a device used to help the distribution of content over the network.  NMS (network management service) is a system used to maintain and monitor the network used to deliver IPTV services.

I. How the IPTV

From the picture above we can see that the workings of IPTV consists of three main components in a simple, reliable source of data, data processing, and eventual destination.  In the first part, we can lihatterdapat two examples of data sources that data in the form of television and video. Then the data is converted by the encoder into a different form of data that can be distributed via the IP path.  In the second part, it can be seen there are two different types of streaming according to the type of data that is distributed. In this streaming data is delivered or channeled through the IP network and then delivered on its objectives.  In the third or the last part there is a set-top-box. Definition set-top-box itself is an equipment that can allow television to be able to connect with the internet and a television set to be able to receive digital television broadcasts shaped (DTV). So it can be said the set-top-box also serves as a decoder, converting data routed through the IP network to be received by the television.

J. Transmission IPTV 

IPTV server In OPTIC mesh network is connected with a OXCs (Optical Cross- Connected / Switch) are connected through a WDM link and form a separate topology. A OXCs can be either electronic switching or all-optical. In the IPTV application, there are sources of SHE (Super Head-End). SHE serves as a primary source for maintaining the reliability of the transmission of video. SHE video streams transmitted from and received by VHO (Video Hub Office) where in VHO, the video stream will be further processed (eg, additional advertising) before being sent to OXCs and transmitted to the user.

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IPTV System IPTV serving both the live broadcast (live) or a program or video stored on the server (Video on Demand VoD). In the IPTV system codec used in MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 (H.264) and sent in an MPEG transport system by using IP multicast (broadcast live) or IP unicast (VoD). With IP Multicast method, information can be sent to multiple computers at the same time. In the IPTV standard system, the main protocol used is: RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) for VoD and IGM version 2 for the live broadcast. IGMP version 2 is used to connect to the multicast stream (TV channel) and the bridge changes from one multicast stream to another (TV channel change).

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NPVR (Network-based Private Video Recorder) Network-based Private Video Recorder, or better known as IPTV NPVR is Fiture on which the live broadcast (real-time broadcast) can be stored on a network server to then be accessed by the user according to the time they had. NPVR systems provide TV broadcasting service which allows the user to store all the TV broadcasts that they want and watch it without any additional cost packages and additional tools on the STB (set top box). With user NPVR like having a PVR (Private Video Recorder) which terpasangan on the network. In this way the user can enjoy the show they want anytime, anywhere, without any other additional tools.

K. Advantages and Disadvantages IPTV 1) Excess  IPTV can be broadcast live or prerecorded digital video educational programs, commercial, and can make capturing and transmitting programs from various sources.  IPTV can re-schedule the program according to the needs of the owner of the information and the audience. Connoisseurs can choose a program from a listing to be seen.  IPTV can provide an economical yet without sacrificing quality of service. This is because the transmission bandwidth efficient technologies, namely IP multicasting.

 IPTV supports standard formats MPEG (Motion Picturre Experts Group) to provide high quality, full-motion video. This feature is in addition to the standard CODEC or compression / decompression to ensure the image quality according to the specifications of the application and the available bandwidth.  When compared with conventional methods tutorial, IPTV is more efficient because it does not have to pay the instructor, print material costs relatively little, do not need to hire a special seminar room for IPTV can be accessed by every table during connected in a LAN / WAN.  The surplus is the union of a television transmission system and at the same IP that uses IP infrastructure without additional investment to the area and tower / transmission hub, permits frequency, engineer, transmission devices and so forth. Next IP network allows for more functionality and broadcast content (broadcast).  Not all content transmitted, so only content selected for viewing by the user only. (System proxy does not allow for real time content / broadcast). This will certainly make use of bandwidth network infrastructure more efficiently. Besides the user-selected content is also limited by the width of the pipe bandwidth to the user device (Set-Top-Box). Indirectly also improve user privacy technology than regular television or via satellite.  IP Technology allows television viewers via the Internet to get the viewing experience more interactive and personalized.  Able to access files on a user's computer, using wireless IP telephone or until the excess on parental supervision to documentation reports from the school their children, when they were not home.  With IP-base, IPTV has several advantages, including the ability of IPTV to integrate with IP-base network services such as Internet access and VoIP (Voice over IP). 2) Shortage  In its development, which is increasingly widespread IPTV discussed there are still shortcomings / weaknesses. Because it depends to the Internet network broadcast quality may decline, such as images broadcast disjointed because of poor network quality.

 But with a wide range of IPTV services and the development of technology, it is not impossible in the future IPTV replacing TV broadcasts that exist today.