WINGS OF FREEDOM - LESSON 1

1 . Wedding registry – a list of wedding gifts. 2 . Album (noun) – a book in which you keep photographs, stamps, etc.: a photo album. 3 . Ceremony (noun) –a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions. 4 . Suit (noun) – a set of clothes made of the same cloth, including a jacket and trousers / pants or a skirt. 5 . Microwave oven (noun) - a type of oven that cooks or heats food very quickly using electromagnetic waves rather than heat. 6 . Cathedral (noun) - the main church of a district, under the care of a bishop (= a priest of high rank). 7 . Civil ceremony – a wedding ceremony connected with the state rather than with religion. 8 . Fiancée (noun) - the woman that a man is engaged to. 9 . Fiancé (noun) - the man that a woman is engaged to. 1 0 . Mother-in-law (noun) - the mother of your husband or wife. 1 1 . In-laws – husband’s, wife’s, boyfriend’s or girlfriend’s family. 1 2 . Honeymoon (noun) - a holiday / vacation taken by a couple who have just got married. 1 3 . Structure (noun) - the way in which the parts of something are connected together, arranged or organized; a particular arrangement of parts.

1 4 . Following (adjective) - that is going to be mentioned next. 1 5 . Interchangeable (adjective) – something that can be exchanged, especially without affecting the way in which something works. 1 6 . Bride (noun) - a woman on the day of her wedding. 1 7 . Veil (noun) - a covering of very thin transparent material worn, especially by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a hat, etc.: a bridal veil.

1 8 . Headpiece (noun) – a piece of ornament a bride wears on her head. 1 9 . Flower girl (noun) - a little girl who carries flowers in a wedding procession. 2 0 . Ring bearer (noun) - the person at a wedding who carries the rings. 2 1 . Bridesmaid (noun) - the woman who helps the bride at a wedding. 2 2 . Maid of honor (noun) – the bride’s chief attendant at a wedding. 2 3 . Altar (noun) – an elevated place used in a religious ceremony. 2 4 . Groom (noun) - a man on the day of his wedding. 2 5 . Best man (noun) – the groom’s chief attendant at a wedding. 2 6 . Groomsmen (noun) - the men who help the groom at a wedding. 2 7 . Bench (noun) - a long seat. 2 8 . Wedding favors (noun) - small gifts given as a gesture of appreciation to guest a at a wedding. 2 9 . Dance floor (noun) – a special place for people to dance. 3 0 . Sit-down dinner (noun) – a dinner for people seated at a table. 3 1 . Buffet meal (noun) - a meal at which guests serve themselves. 3 2 . Cocktail reception (noun) – a party at which alcoholic drinks and light foods are served . 3 3 . Brunch (noun) - a combination of breakfast and lunch. 3 4 . Birth (noun) - the time when a baby is born; the process of being born. 3 5 . Unbelievable (adjective) - used to emphasize how good, bad or extreme something is. 3 6 . Nearby (adverb) - near in position; not far away. 3 7 . Tip (noun) - a small amount of extra money that you give to someone, for example someone who serves you in a restaurant. 3 8 . For sure (idiom) - without doubt. 3 9 . A load of (noun) – a great amount of work a person has to do. 4 0 . Housework (noun)- the work involved in taking care of a home and family, for example cleaning and cooking. 4 1 . Understanding (noun) - showing sympathy for other people’s problems and being willing to forgive them when they do something wrong. 4 2 . Idiom (noun) - a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words. 4 3 . Businessman (noun) - a person who works in business, especially at a high level. 4 4 . Company (noun) - the fact of being with somebody else and not alone. 4 5 . Immediately (adverb) - without delay, at once, instantly. 4 6 . Chapel (noun) - a small building or room used for Christian worship in a school, prison, large private house, etc.

VERBS:

4 7 . To explain/ed (verb)– to tell sb about sth in a way that makes it easy to understand. 4 8 . To interfere/ed (verb) - to get involved in and try to influence a situation that does not concern you, in a way that annoys other people. 4 9 . To toss the bouquet /ed (verb) – to throw the bunch of flowers. 5 0 . To dance the night away /ed (verb)- to dance for the whole evening or night. 5 1 . To say his/her vows/ said, said (verb) – to make promises at a wedding ceremony. 5 2 . To ridicule /ed (verb) - to make somebody/something look silly by laughing at them or it in an unkind way. PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS:

5 3 . To break up / broke ,broken– to end a relationship. 5 4 . To call off /ed- to cancel. 5 5 . To do without /did, done- to manage in spite of being without something. 5 6 . To put off /put,put- to change the date or time of something so that it happens later. 5 7 . To take up /took, taken– to fill or occupy. 5 8 . To help out /ed– to give help to someone at a time of need. 5 9 . To ask out /ed– to invite for a date. 6 0 . To bring up /brought, brought– to raise (a child). 6 1 . To wait on /ed– to serve.

6 2 . To make fun of /made, made – to ridicule, to laugh at. 6 3 . To walk down the aisle /ed (idiom) - to get married. 6 4 . To look up to /ed/ - to admire 6 5 . To put up with / put, put – to tolerate 6 6 . To put on – to gain weight 6 7 . To come out / came, come – to be published 6 8 . To look down on / ed/ - to think you are better or more important than someone else 6 9 . To stand for / stood, stood – to represent 7 0 . To let down / let, let – to disappoint 7 1 . To get over / got, got-gotten – to star to feel well again after something 7 2 . To do away with / did, done – to eliminate LESSON 2

1 . Judgment (noun) - (of / about / on sth) an opinion that you form about sth after thinking about it carefully; the act of making this opinion known to others.

2 . Misleading (adjective)-giving the wrong idea or impression and making you believe sth that is not true. 3 . Perception (noun) - the way you notice things, especially with the senses. 4 . Scared (adjective) - (of sb/sth) | (of doing sth) | (to do sth) | (that …) frightened of sth or afraid that sth bad might happen. Gratitude (noun) - (to sb) (for sth) the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks. Yours truly - used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name. Suitable (adjective) - (for sth/sb) |(to do sth) right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion. Closing expression - expression used to finish a letter. Best regards - used to send good wishes to sb at the end of a letter, or when asking sb to give your good wishes to another person who is not present. 1 0 . Sincerely / yours faithfully - (formal) used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name. 1 1 . Yours / love / with love - used at the end of a letter before signing your name. 1 2 . Fund-raising (noun) - a social event or an entertainment held in order to collect money for a charity or an organization. 1 3 . Candlelit (adverb) – lit (p.p. to light) by candles. 1 4 . Seafood (noun) - fish and sea creatures that can be eaten. 1 5 . Over dinner- during dinner. 1 6 . Happily (adverb) - in a cheerful way; with feelings of pleasure or satisfaction. 1 7 . Attentively (adverb) - listening or watching carefully and with interest. 1 8 . Positive attitude - the way that you behave towards sb/sth that shows how you think and feel (to have a good / bad / positive / negative attitude towards sb/sth). 1 9 . Firm handshake - an act of shaking sb’s hand with your own, in a strong way, used especially to say hello or goodbye or when you have made an agreement. 2 0 . Stained clothes-clothes with a dirty mark that is difficult to remove. 2 1 . Makeup (noun) -substances used especially by women to make their faces look more attractive. 2 2 . Jewelry (noun) - objects such as rings and necklaces that people wear as decoration. 2 3 . Networking (noun) - a system of trying to meet and talk to other people who may be useful to you in your work. 2 4 . Referral (noun) - (to sb/sth) the act of sending sb to sb/sth for information, help, advice or a decision. 2 5 . Theory (noun) - a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why sth happens or exists. 2 6 . Chain (noun) - a series of connected things or people. 2 7 . Acquaintance (noun) - a person that you know but who is not a close friend. 2 8 . Likable (adjective) - pleasant and easy to like.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

VERBS:

2 9 . To handle /ed( verb)- to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotion. 3 0 . To sign /ed (verb) –to write your name on a document, letter, etc. to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine.

3 1 . To guarantee /ed (verb) - to promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen. 3 2 . To tend /ed (verb) - to be likely to do sth or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens. 3 3 . To link /ed (verb) - to connect. 3 4 . To care about /ed (verb) - to feel that sth is important and worth worrying about. 3 5 . To misjudge /ed(verb)- to form a wrong opinion about a person or situation, especially in a way that makes you deal with them or it unfairly.

3 6 . To observe /ed (verb) - to see or notice sb/sth. PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS:

3 7 . To run by /ran,run – to make a quick visit. 3 8 . To dress up - to wear clothes that are more formal than those you usually wear. 3 9 . To throw a dinner party (idiom) - to organize a social event at which a small group of people eat dinner at sb’s house. 4 0 . To have a hard time - to have difficulty in doing something. 4 1 . To be no use (idiom) - to be useless. 4 2 . To make the most of (idiom) - to gain as much advantage, enjoyment, etc. as you can from sb/sth.

4 3 . To bring down / brought, brought - make sb sad. 4 4 . To figure out /ed- to think about sb/sth until you understand them / it. 4 5 . To get up /got, gotten-to get out of bed. 4 6 . To catch on /caught, caught - to become popular or fashionable. 4 7 . To get into /got, gotten - to enter. 4 8 . To stay up /ed- to go to bed later than usual. 4 9 . To have a great time /had,had – to experience an event or occasion in a good way; to have fun.

QUIZ 1

5 0 . Barely (adverb )- in a way that is just possible but only with difficulty

LESSON 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Procedure (noun) - a way of doing sth, especially the usual or correct way. Purchase (noun)-something that you have bought. On impulse - without planning to do so in advance, and without thinking about it carefully. People oriented - interested in people. Customer service agent -a person whose job is to manage the relationship between a company and its customers. 6 . Call center (noun) - an office in which a large number of people work using telephones, for example arranging insurance for people, or taking customers' orders and answering questions. 7 . Résumé (noun) - curriculum vitae. 8 . Complaint (noun) - (about / against sb/sth) | (that …) a reason for not being satisfied; a statement that sb makes saying that they are not satisfied. 9 . Prank call - a trick that is played on sb as a joke through a phone call. 1 0 . Raise (noun) - an increase in the money you earn. 1 1 . Dissatisfaction (noun)- (with / at sb/sth) a feeling that you are not pleased and satisfied. 1 2 . Worry (noun)-the continuous thought about unpleasant things that might happen or about problems that you have. 1 3 . Irritation (noun) – the act of making sb angry or annoyed. 1 4 . Sample (noun) - a small amount or example of sth that can be looked at or tried to see what it is like. 1 5 . Administration (noun) - the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business, school or other institution 1 6 . Integral (adjective) - being an essential part of sth. 1 7 . Sales - the part of a company that deals with selling its products. 1 8 . Representative (noun)- a person who works for a company and travels around selling its products 1 9 . Conduct market research – the gathering of factual information as to consumer preferences for goods and services; research into the patterns or state of demand in a market. 2 0 . Administrative (noun)- connected with organizing the work of a business or an institution. 2 1 . MBA- a second university degree in business (the abbreviation for ‘Master of Business Administration’). 2 2 . Headset (noun) - a pair of headphones, especially one with a microphone attached to it. 2 3 . Cubicle (noun) - a small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room. 2 4 . Notepad (noun) - sheets of paper that are held together at the top and used for writing notes on. 2 5 . Glue (noun) - a sticky substance that is used for joining things together. 2 6 . Hole punch (noun) - a tool for cutting holes in paper. 2 7 . Pair of scissors (noun) - a tool for cutting paper or cloth that has two sharp blades with handles, joined together in the middle. 2 8 . Bookcase (noun) - a piece of furniture with shelves for keeping books on. 2 9 . File cabinet (noun) - a piece of office furniture with deep drawers for storing files. 3 0 . Drawer (noun) - a part of a piece of furniture such as a desk, used for keeping things in. It is shaped like a box and has a handle on the front for pulling it out. 3 1 . Rubber band (noun) - a thin round piece of rubber used for holding things together. 3 2 . Envelope (noun) - a flat paper container used for sending letters in. 3 3 . Pencil sharpener (noun) - a small device with a blade inside, used for making pencils sharp. 3 4 . Stapler (noun) - a small device used for putting staples (a small piece of wire) into paper, etc. 3 5 . Paper clips (noun)- a piece of bent wire or plastic that is designed to hold loose sheets of paper together. 3 6 . Waste basket (noun) - a basket or other container for waste paper, etc. 3 7 . Fax machine (noun) -a machine that sends and receives documents in an electronic form along telephone wires and then prints them.

3 8 . Ruler (noun) - a straight strip of wood, plastic or metal, marked in centimeters or inches, used for measuring or for drawing straight lines. 3 9 . Highlighter - special pen used for marking words in a text in bright colors. 4 0 . Scotch tape (noun) -clear plastic tape that is sticky on one side, used for sticking things together. 4 1 . Challenging (adjective) - difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability. 4 2 . Job Vacancy (noun) - a job that is available. Efficiency (noun) - the quality of doing sth well with no waste of time or money.

VERBS: 4 3 . To 4 4 . To 4 5 . To 4 6 . To 4 7 . To 4 8 . To 4 9 . To

obtain /ed (verb) - to get sth, especially by making an effort. further /ed (verb) - to help sth to develop or be successful. highlight /ed( verb)-to emphasize sth, especially so that people give it more attention. update /ed (verb) -to add the most recent information to sth. fire /ed (verb) - to force sb to leave their job; to dismiss. dismiss /ed (verb) - to officially remove sb from their job; to fire. doubt /ed (verb) - to feel uncertain about sth or not to believe sth.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 5 0 . To be in for / was,were,been(idiom)- to be going to experience sth soon, especially sth unpleasant. 5 1 . To check out /ed (phrasal verb)- to look at or examine a person or thing that seems interesting or attractive. 5 2 . To put (someone) through (to someone else) /put,put-(phrasal verb) to connect sb by telephone. 5 3 . To bring about /brought, brought - to make sth happen; to cause. 5 4 . To get by /got,gotten- to manage to live or do a particular thing using the money, knowledge, equipment, etc. that you have. 5 5 . To keep up / kept, kept - to continue to use or practice sth. 5 6 . To put away /put,put- to put sth in the place where it is kept because you have finished using it. 5 7 . To get rid of /got,gotten- to make yourself free of sb/sth that is annoying you or that you do not want; to throw sth away. 5 8 . To make the most of /made,made- to gain as much advantage, enjoyment, etc. as you can from sb/sth.

LESSON 4 1 . Enthusiastically (adverb) - feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about sb/sth. 2 . Adverb - a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. 3 . Kindly (adverb) –in a kind, generous or polite way. 4 . Quietly (adverb) - making very little noise. 5 . Column (noun) - one of the vertical sections into which the printed page of a book, newspaper, etc. is divided. 6 . Recklessly (adverb) - showing a lack of care about danger and the possible results of your actions. 7 . Swimmer (noun) - a person who can swim; a person who is swimming. 8 . Canned food - food sealed in a can. 9 . Packaged food- food wrapped in a package. 1 0 . Savory (adjective)-having a pleasant taste or smell. 1 1 . Low-fat (adjective) - containing only a very small amount of fat. 1 2 . Everyday food -ordinary food, common food. 1 3 . Staple food- a basic type of food that is used a lot (rice, beans, corn, vegetables, etc.). 1 4 . Fatty (adjective) - containing a lot of fat; consisting of fat. 1 5 . Junk food - food that is quick and easy to prepare and eat but that is thought to be bad for your health 1 6 . Fine food - food of high quality. 1 7 . Frozen food - food kept at a very low temperature in order to preserve it. 1 8 . Genetically modified (adjective)- having had its genetic structure changed artificially, so that it will produce more fruit or not be affected by disease: genetically modified foods (= made from plants that have been changed in this way) 1 9 . Nutritious (adjective) - containing many of the substances which help the body to grow. 2 0 . Unhealthy (adjective) - harmful to your health; likely to make you ill / sick. 2 1 . Organic (adjective) - produced without using artificial chemicals. 2 2 . Rotten (adjective) - (of food, wood, etc.) that has been destroyed gradually by natural processes and cannot

be eaten or used. 2 3 . Sugary (adjective) - containing sugar; tasting of sugar. 2 4 . Take-out food - food ordered from a restaurant to be eaten elsewhere. 2 5 . Additives (noun) - a substance that is added in small amounts to sth, especially food, in order to improve it, give it color, make it last longer, etc. 2 6 . Food poisoning (noun) - an illness of the stomach caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria. 2 7 . Nutrient (noun) - a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it to grow. 2 8 . Modal - a verb that is used with another verb (not a modal) to express possibility, permission, intention, etc. The modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would. Modal verbs have only one form. They have no -ing or -ed forms and do not add -s to the 3rd person singular form. 2 9 . Digestion (noun) - the process of breaking down food in the body. 3 0 . Alcohol (noun) - the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, etc. and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc. 3 1 . Bloodstream (noun) - the blood flowing through the body. 3 2 . Manner (noun) -the way that sth is done or happens. 3 3 . Movement (noun) -an act of moving from one place to another or of moving sth from one place to another. 3 4 . Listener (noun) - a person who listens. 3 5 . Reader (noun) - a person who reads, especially one who reads a lot or in a particular way. 3 6 . Potluck dinner-a group meal where everyone brings food and shares it with each other. 3 7 . Various (adjective) -several different. 3 8 . Traditionally (adverb) -being part of the beliefs, customs or way of life of a particular group of people, that have not changed for a long time. 3 9 . Caloric (adjective)- related to calories; fattening. 4 0 . Kitchenware (noun) -objects that you use in a kitchen, such as pans, bowls, etc. 4 1 . Utensils (noun) - a tool that is used in the house. 4 2 . Rolling pin (noun) - a wooden or glass kitchen utensil in the shape of a tube, used for rolling pastry flat. 4 3 . Cutting board (noun) - a board made of wood or plastic used for cutting meat or vegetables on. 4 4 . Baking pan (noun) - a pan used for baking food in an oven. 4 5 . Cookie sheet (noun) - a small sheet of metal used for baking food on. 4 6 . Ladle (noun) - a large deep spoon with a long handle, used especially for serving soup. 4 7 . Saucepan (noun)- a deep round metal pot with a lid and one long handle or two short handles, used for cooking things over heat. 4 8 . Frying pan (noun) - a large shallow pan with a long handle, used for frying food in. 4 9 . Pressure cooker (noun) - a strong metal pot with a tight lid, that cooks food quickly by steam under high pressure. 5 0 . Spatula (noun) - a tool with a broad flat blade used for mixing and spreading things, especially in cooking and painting. 5 1 . Bowl (noun) - a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid. 5 2 . Soupspoon (noun) - a spoon that is slightly larger than a teaspoon, used for eating soup. 5 3 . Coffee maker (noun) - a small machine for making cups of coffee. 5 4 . Blender (noun) - an electric machine for mixing soft food or liquid. 5 5 . Toaster (noun) - an electrical machine that you put slices of bread in to make toast. 5 6 . Oven (noun) - the part of a cooker / stove shaped like a box with a door on the front, in which food is cooked or heated. 5 7 . Mixer (noun) - a machine or device used for mixing things. 5 8 . Dishwasher (noun) - a machine for washing plates, cups, etc. 5 9 . Freezer (noun) - a large piece of electrical equipment in which you can store food for a long time at a low temperature so that it stays frozen. 6 0 . Fixture (noun) - internal parts of a building, such as faucets, sinks or bathtub. 6 1 . Faucet (noun) - a device that controls the flow of water from a pipe. 6 2 . Plastic wrap (noun) - a thin transparent plastic material that sticks to a surface and to itself, used especially for wrapping food. 6 3 . Freezer bag (noun) - a container made of plastic, that opens at the top, used to store food in the freezer. 6 4 . Aluminum foil (noun) - metal made into very thin sheets that is used for covering or wrapping things, especially food. 6 5 . Paper towel (noun) - thick paper on a roll, used for cleaning up liquid, food, etc. or that you use to dry your hands or to absorb water. 6 6 . Cloth (noun) - a piece of cloth (material made of cotton, wool, silk, etc), often used for a special purpose, especially cleaning things or covering a table. 6 7 . Sponge (noun) - a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and full of holes and can hold water easily, used for washing or cleaning.

6 8 . Etiquette (noun) - the formal rules of correct or polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession. 6 9 . All-purpose flour (noun) - flour that does not contain baking powder (a mixture of powders that are used to make cakes rise and become light as they are baked). 7 0 . Baking soda (noun) - sodium bicarbonate; a chemical in the form of a white powder that dissolves and is used in baking to make cakes, etc. rise and become light. 7 1 . Vanilla extract (noun) - the essence of a substance obtained from the beans of a tropical plant, also called vanilla, used to give flavor to sweet foods, for example ice cream 7 2 . Ready (adjective) - completed and available to be used. 7 3 . Smooth (adjective) - without any lumps (pieces of sth hard or solid, usually without a particular shape). 7 4 . Gradually (adverb) - slowly, over a long period of time. 7 5 . Ungreased (adjective) – not greased; not covered with oil. 7 6 . Amount (noun) - a quantity of sth. 7 7 . Chronological (adjective) - (of a number of events) arranged in the order in which they happened. 7 8 . Homemade (adjective) - made at home or by hand. 7 9 . No longer - used to say that sth which was possible or true before, is not now. “He no longer lives here” 8 0 . Convenient (adjective) - useful, easy or quick to do; not causing problems. 8 1 . Trauma (noun) - an injury. 8 2 . Manufacturers (noun) - a person or company that produces goods in large quantities. 8 3 . Leaflet (noun) - a printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about sth. 8 4 . Shell (noun) – (egg·shell) the hard thin outside of an egg. 8 5 . Cycle (noun) - the fact of a series of events being repeated many times, always in the same order. 8 6 . Container (noun) - a box, bottle, etc. in which sth can be stored or transported. 8 7 . Due to - caused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth. 8 8 . Build-up (noun) - an increase in the amount of sth over a period of time. 8 9 . Steam (noun) - the hot gas that water changes into when it boils.

VERBS: 9 0 . To modify /modifies, modifying, modified, modified (verb) - to change sth slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose. 9 1 . To request /ed (verb) - to ask for sth or ask sb to do sth in a polite or formal way. 9 2 . To Process /ed (verb) - to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it, etc. 9 3 . To chew /ed(verb)- to bite food into small pieces in your mouth with your teeth to make it easier to swallow. 9 4 . to digest /ed ( verb)- when you digest food, or it digests, it is changed into substances that your body can use. 9 5 . To swallow /ed (verb) - to make food, drink, etc. go down your throat into your stomach. 9 6 . To taste /ed(verb) - to sense the flavor of food and liquids. 9 7 . To enter /ed (verb)- to come or go into sth. 9 8 . To Ingest (verb) - to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowing. 9 9 . To mean / meant, meant (verb) - to intend to say sth on a particular occasion. 1 0 0To . set the table / set, set (verb) - to arrange knives, forks, etc. on a table for a meal. 1 0 1To . bake /ed (verb) - cook food in an oven. 1 0 2To . beat / beat, beaten (verb) - to mix sth with short quick movements with a fork, etc. 1 0 3To . whip /ed (verb) - to mix together or be or beat until stiff (thick and almost solid). 1 0 4To . fry / fried, fried (verb) - to cook sth in hot fat or oil. 1 0 5To . melt /ed (verb) - to become or make sth become liquid as a result of heating. 1 0 6To . soften /ed (verb) - to make less hard. 1 0 7To . mix /ed (verb) - to prepare sth by combining two or more different substances. 1 0 8To . peel /ed (verb) - to take the skin off fruit, vegetables, etc. 1 0 9to . pour /ed (verb) - to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an angle. 1 1 0to . sift /ed (verb) - to put flour or some other fine substance through a sieve (a tool for separating solids from liquids or larger solids from smaller solids, made of a wire or plastic net attached to a ring. The liquid or small pieces pass through the net but the larger pieces do not). 1 1 1To . slice /ed (verb) - to cut into thin, flat pieces. 1 1 2To . sprinkle /ed(verb) - to cause to fall in drops or tiny pieces. 1 1 3To . preheat /ed (verb) - to heat an oven to a particular temperature before you put food in it to cook. 1 1 4To . stand /stood, stood (verb) - to remain still, without moving or being moved. 1 1 5To . remove /ed (verb) - to take sth/sb away from a place.

1 1 6To . list /ed (verb) - to write a list of things in a particular order. 1 1 7To . go bad /went, gone- to become not safe to eat because it has decayed (destroyed gradually by natural processes). 1 1 8To . reheat /ed (verb) - to heat cooked food again after it has been left to go cold. 1 1 9To . explode /ed (verb) - to burst (to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside) or make sth burst loudly and violently, causing damage. 1 2 0To . Microwave /ed (verb)- to cook or heat sth in a microwave. 1 2 1To . toss /ed (verb) - to throw sth lightly or carelessly. 1 2 2To . vaporize /ed (verb) - to turn into gas; to make sth turn into gas. 1 2 3To . exceed /ed (verb) - to be greater than a particular number or amount. 1 2 4To . wrap /ed (verb) - to cover sth in material in order to protect it.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 1 2 5To . 1 2 6To . 1 2 7To . 1 2 8To . 1 2 9To . 1 3 0To .

run out of /ran,run - to use up or finish a supply of sth. go online /went,gone-to connect to the Internet. set aside /set,set - to move sth to one side until you need it. blend in /ed - to add another substance and mix it in with the others. try out /tried, tried - to test or use sb/sth in order to see how good or effective they are. come out /came, come – to result; to turn out; to end up.

QUIZ 2 1 3 1Weekly . (adverb) - happening, done or published once a week or every week.

LESSON 5 1 . Tape recorder (noun) - a machine that is used for recording and playing sounds on tape. 2 . Leg warmer (noun) - a kind of sock without a foot that covers the leg from the ankle to the knee, often worn when doing exercise. 3 . Clothes iron (noun) - a tool with a flat metal base that can be heated and used to make clothes smooth. 4 . Technology (noun) - scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry, for example in designing new machines. 5 . On the market - available for people to buy. 6 . On one hand … on the other (hand) … - used to introduce different points of view, ideas, etc., especially when they are opposites. 7 . Latest (adjective) - the most recent or newest. 8 . Gadget (noun) - a small tool or device that does sth useful. 9 . Course (noun) - the way sth develops or should develop. 1 0 . Police Department (noun) - the police organization of a particular city. 1 1 . Over (preposition) - more than a particular time, amount, cost, etc. 1 2 . World’s population - all the people who live in the world. 1 3 . Environment (noun) - the natural world in which people, animals and plants live. 1 4 . Electricity (noun) - a form of energy from charged elementary particles, usually supplied as electric current through cables, wires, etc. for lighting, heating, driving machines, etc. 1 5 . Indirect object - a noun, noun phrase or pronoun in a sentence, used after some verbs, that refers to the person or thing that an action is done to or for: In ‘Give him the money’, ‘him’ is the indirect object and ‘money’ is the direct object. 1 6 . Direct object - a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is directly affected by the action of a verb: In ‘I met him in town’, the word ‘him’ is the direct object. 1 7 . Shoe store (noun) - a shop, large or small that sells shoes. 1 8 . Catalog (noun) - a book containing an ordered list of names, goods,etc. 1 9 . Unforgettable (adjective) - that can´t be forgotten because it is very beautiful, interesting, enjoyable, etc. 2 0 . Earth (noun) - the world; the planet that we live on. 2 1 . Thousands - a large number. 2 2 . Brief (adjective) - using few words. 2 3 . Landline (noun) - a telephone connection that uses wires carried on poles or under the ground, in contrast to a

mobile phone / cellphone. 2 4 . Inventor (noun) - a person who has invented sth or whose job is inventing things. 2 5 . Job market (noun) - the number and type of jobs that are available. 2 6 . Electronics (noun) - electronic equipment. 2 7 . Tube TV (noun) – television set with a cathode-ray tube (a vacuum tube inside a television or computer screen, etc. from which a stream of electrons produces images on the screen). 2 8 . LCD TV (noun) - television set with liquid crystal display (a way of showing information in electronic equipment. An electric current is passed through a special liquid and numbers and letters can be seen on a small screen.) 2 9 . Blu-ray player (noun) – a device that plays high-definition video. 3 0 . MP4 player (noun) – A handheld device that plays video in the MPEG-4 format. 3 1 . iPhone (noun) – a smartphone from Apple that integrates cell phone, iPod music player, camera, text messaging, e-mail and Web browsing. 3 2 . Blackberry (noun) – A smartphone that is marketed primarily for its wireless e-mail handling capability. 3 3 . Wii (noun) – A video game console from Nintendo introduced in 2006. It features a wireless motion sensing controller that looks like a TV remote rather than a game controller. 3 4 . Xbox 360 (noun) – The second video game console produced by Microsoft. The integrated Xbox Live service allows players to compete online and download content. 3 5 . PSP – PlayStation Portable. It´s a handheld gaming console made by Sony. 3 6 . Desktop (noun) - a computer with a keyboard, screen and main processing unit, that fits on a desk. 3 7 . Cordless (adjective) - (of a telephone or an electrical tool) not connected to its power supply by wires. 3 8 . Smartphone (noun) – a cell phone which has applications that allows the user make texts, connect to the internet, play games, and other functions. 3 9 . Barcode (noun) - a pattern of thick and thin lines that is printed on things you buy. It contains information that a computer can read. 4 0 . Shelf (noun) - a flat board, made of wood, metal, glass, etc., fixed to the wall or forming part of a cupboard / closet, bookcase, etc., for things to be placed on. 4 1 . Sale (noun) - an occasion when a shop / store sells its goods at a lower price than usual. 4 2 . Cash register (noun) - a machine used in shops / stores, restaurants, etc. that has a drawer for keeping money in, and that shows and records the amount of money received for each thing that is sold. 4 3 . Electronic appliance (noun) - electronic equipment 4 4 . Around here (preposition) - near where you are now or where you live. 4 5 . Capacity (noun) - the size or power of a piece of equipment. 4 6 . GB - gigabyte 4 7 . Gonna (informal) - a way of saying or writing ‘going to’ in informal speech, when it refers to the future. 4 8 . Major (adjective) - very large or important. 4 9 . Have a nice day - a friendly way of saying goodbye, especially to customers. 5 0 . For sale – intended to be sold; available to be bought, especially from the owner. 5 1 . Convenience store (noun) - a shop that sells food, newspapers, etc. and often stays open 24 hours a day. 5 2 . Exclusive (adjective) - of a high quality and expensive and therefore not often bought or used by most people. 5 3 . Grocery store (noun) - a shop / store that sells food and other things used in the home. In American English ‘grocery store’ is often used to mean ‘supermarket’. 5 4 . Hardware (noun) - the machinery and electronic parts of a computer system. 5 5 . Old-fashioned (adjective) - not modern; no longer fashionable. 5 6 . Trendy (adjective) - very fashionable. 5 7 . Retail (adjective) - the selling of goods to the public, usually through shops / stores. 5 8 . Wholesale (adjective) - connected with goods that are bought and sold in large quantities, especially so they can be sold again to make a profit. 5 9 . Business hours (noun) - the hours in a day that a shop / store or company is open. 6 0 . Defective (adjective) - having a fault or faults; not perfect or complete. 6 1 . Retailer (noun) - a person or business that sells goods to the public. 6 2 . On account of - because of sb/sth. 6 3 . Ring tone - the quality of a ringing sound of a telephone. 6 4 . Enclosed - sent with a letter, etc. 6 5 . Reply (noun) - an act of saying or writing sth as an answer to sb in speech, writing or by some action. 6 6 . Resolution (noun) - the act of solving or settling a problem, disagreement, etc. 6 7 . Document (noun) - an official paper or book that gives information about sth, or that can be used as evidence or proof of sth. 6 8 . Policy (noun) - a plan of action agreed or chosen by a business, etc. 6 9 . CD player (noun) - a machine for reproducing sound or pictures that have been recorded on CDs. 7 0 . Liter (noun) - a unit for measuring volume.

7 1 . Mechanical pencil (noun) – a pencil containing an internal mechanism which pushes the thin graphite lead (the thin black part of a pencil that marks paper) through the tip. 7 2 . Britain (noun) - the island containing England, Scotland and Wales. 7 3 . Section (noun) - any of the parts into which something is divided. 7 4 . Ownership (noun) - the fact of owning something. 7 5 . Long hours – after the normal closing time; for more hours in the day than is usual. 7 6 . Clamshell phones (noun) – designed to open and close by a hinge along the edge. 7 7 . Candy bar phones (noun) – have no moving parts and nothing covering the buttons. 7 8 . Button (noun) - a small part of a machine that you press to make it work. 7 9 . Sensor (noun) - a device that can react to light, heat, pressure, etc. in order to make a machine, etc. do sth or show something. 8 0 . User (noun) - a person or thing that uses something. 8 1 . Application (noun) - a computer program designed to do a particular job; a piece of software. 8 2 . Cheek (noun) - either side of the face below the eyes. 8 3 . Wristband (noun) - a strip of material worn around the wrist. 8 4 . Alarm clock (noun) - a clock that you can set to ring a bell, etc. at a particular time and wake you up.

VERBS: 8 5 . To advance /ed (verb) - to make progress or to develop in a particular activity or area of understanding. 8 6 . To evolve /ed (verb) - to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form. 8 7 . To pursue /ed (verb) - to follow or chase sb/sth, especially in order to catch them. 8 8 . To recycle (verb) - to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again. 8 9 . To install /ed (verb ) - to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be used. 9 0 . To produce /ed (verb) - to make things to be sold, especially in large quantities. 9 1 . To demand /ed (verb) - to need sth in order to be done successfully. 9 2 . To run something /ran,run (verb) - to be in charge of a business, etc. 9 3 . To close down /ed (verb) - to make the work of a shop / store, etc. stop permanently. 9 4 . To appear /ed (verb) - to start to be seen. 9 5 . To resolve /ed (verb) - to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty. 9 6 . To appreciate /ed (verb) - to be grateful for sth that sb has done. 9 7 . To state /ed (verb) - to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way. 9 8 . To flush /ed (verb) - when a toilet flushes or you flush it, water passes through it to clean it, after a handle, etc. has been pressed

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 9 9 . To count on /ed - to trust someone or something. 1 0 0To . show up /ed - to arrive or appear. 1 0 1To . take over /took,taken - to gain control over or responsibility for something.

LESSON 6 1 . Trivial (adjective) - not important or serious. 2 . Destination (noun) - a place to which sb/sth is going or being sent. 3 . Suitcase (noun) - a case with flat sides and a handle, used for carrying clothes, etc. when you are travelling. 4 . Travel agency (noun) - a company that arranges travel and/or accommodation for people going on a holiday / vacation or journey. 5 . Memorable (adjective) - special, good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to remember; unforgettable. 6 . Fruitless (adjective) - producing no useful results; unproductive. 7 . Forthcoming (adjective) - going to happen, be published, etc. very soon. 8 . Occasional (adjective) - happening or done sometimes but not often. 9 . Return (adjective)- the action of arriving in or coming back to a place that you were in before. 1 0 . Round trip - a journey to a place and back again. 1 1 . Quick (adjective) - moving or doing sth fast. 1 2 . Consciousness (noun) - the state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening. 1 3 . Sightseeing (noun) - the activity of visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist. 1 4 . Hand luggage (noun) - small bags that you can keep with you on an aircraft.

1 5 . Public park (noun) – A large outdoor area used for recreation. 1 6 . Observatory (noun) – a place for observing the stars weather etc. 1 7 . Bookstore (noun) – a place where you can buy books and magazines. 1 8 . Police station (noun) - the office of a local police force. 1 9 . Eatery (noun) – a place where you can have meals; another word for restaurant. 2 0 . Concert hall (noun) – a building or large room for public performance of music. 2 1 . Museum of Natural History (noun) - a building in which plants, rocks and animal life of a particular place are kept and shown to the public. 2 2 . Statue (noun) - a figure of a person or an animal in stone, metal, etc., usually the same size as in real life or larger. 2 3 . Aquarium (noun) – a place where you can see fish and other water animals. 2 4 . Night club (noun) – a club open at night for drinking, dancing, entertainment etc. 2 5 . City hall (noun) - the local government of a city and the offices it uses. 2 6 . Post office (noun) – a place where you can buy stamps, send letters and packages. 2 7 . Old town (noun) – the old part of a town (small city) where the main shops are. 2 8 . City center (noun) - the central part of a city. 2 9 . Uncountable (adjective) - a noun that is uncountable cannot be made plural or used with a or an, for example water, bread and information. 3 0 . Progress (noun) - the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing sth. 3 1 . Work (noun) - tasks that need to be done. 3 2 . Plenty of - a large amount; as much or as many as you need. 3 3 . Countable (adjective) - a noun that is countable can be used in the plural or with a or an, for example table, cat and idea. 3 4 . Foreigner (noun) - a person who comes from a different country. 3 5 . Postcard (noun)-a card used for sending messages by post without an envelope, especially one that has a picture on one side. 3 6 . Recipient (noun) - a person who receives sth. 3 7 . Décor (noun) - the style in which the inside of a building is decorated. 3 8 . Wardrobe (noun) - a large cupboard for hanging clothes in. 3 9 . Discouraged (adjective) - feeling less enthusiastic about doing sth. 4 0 . Global (adjective) - considering or including all parts of sth. 4 1 . Pass (noun)- an official document or ticket that shows that you have the right to enter or leave a place, to travel on a bus or train, etc. 4 2 . Consecutive (adjective) - following one after another in a series, without interruption. 4 3 . Network (noun) - a complicated system of roads, lines, etc. that cross each other and are connected to each other. 4 4 . Standard (adjective)- average or normal rather than having special or unusual features. 4 5 . Youth (noun) - young people considered as a group. 4 6 . Considerably (adverb) - much; a lot; significantly. 4 7 . Saver (noun) - something that helps you spend less money or use less of the thing mentioned. VERBS: 4 8 . To be away /was; were, been (verb) – to be absent from a place, to be gone. 4 9 . To extend /ed (verb) - to make sth last longer. 5 0 . To plan /ed (verb) - to make detailed arrangements for sth you want to do in the future. 5 1 . To faint /ed (verb) - to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc. 5 2 . To book /ed (verb) - to arrange with a hotel, restaurant, theatre, etc. to have a room, table, seat, etc. on a particular date. 5 3 . To arrange /ed (verb) - to plan or organize sth in advance. 5 4 . To convey /ed (verb) - to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb; to communicate. 5 5 . To persuade /ed (verb) - to make sb do sth by giving them good reasons for doing it; to convince. 5 6 . To Reset /reset, reset (verb)- to clear any pending errors or events and bring a system to normal condition or initial state usually in a controlled manner. 5 7 . To bathe /ed (verb) - to wash sth with water. 5 8 . To water plants /ed (verb) - to pour water on plants, etc. PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 5 9 . To get the ball rolling /got, gotten (idiom) – to begin something; to start some action. 6 0 . To get up on the wrong side of the bed /got, gotten (idiom) – to have a bad day from the start; to be in a bad

mood from the start of the day. 6 1 . To get a life /got, gotten (idiom) – to stop wasting time on trivial or hopeless matters; to do something different. 6 2 . To get cold feet / got,gotten (idiom) – to become nervous or anxious about a future event. 6 3 . To set off /set, set (phrasal verb) - to begin a journey. 6 4 . To take up /took, taken (phrasal verb) - to start to do sth, especially for pleasure. 6 5 . To be about to /was;were, been – to be ready or prepared to do something. 6 6 . To chicken out /ed – to be afraid to do something. 6 7 . To pass out /ed – to faint; to lose consciousness. 6 8 . To line up (phrasal verb) - to stand in a line ; to form line. 6 9 . To watch your step (idiom) - to walk carefully. 7 0 . To have in mind / had, had (idiom)- to be thinking of sb/sth, especially for a particular job, etc. REVIEW 1 72. Engagement (noun) - an agreement to marry sb; the period during which two people are engaged. 73. Breakup (noun) - the ending of a relationship.

LESSON 7 1 . Acupuncture (noun) – Technique of inserting and manipulating special needles into specific points of the body with the aim of relieving pain and for therapeutic purposes. 2 . Aromatherapy (noun) – Form of alternative medicine that uses essential oils and other aromatic compounds from plants for the purpose of affecting a person´s mood or health. 3 . Ayurveda (noun) – A system of traditional medicine native to India. It stresses the building of a healthy metabolic system, and focuses on exercise, yoga, meditation and massage. 4 . Bach flower remedies – Dilutions of flower material used primarily for emotional and spiritual conditions, including depression, anxiety and stress. 5 . Homeopathy (noun) – a system of treating diseases or conditions using very small amounts of the substance that causes the disease or condition. 6 . Hypnotherapy (noun) – Therapy in which the patient is hypnotized in order to modify his/her behavior, attitudes, anxiety and stress-related illnesses. 7 . Reflexology (noun) – Practice of massaging, squeezing or pushing on parts of the feet for beneficial effect on other parts of the body to improve general health. 8 . Shiatsu (noun) – refers to the use of fingers and palms of one´s hands to apply pressure to particular sections on the surface of the body for the purpose of correcting the imbalances of the body and for maintaining and promoting health. 9 . Imbalance (noun) - a lack of balance or equality. 1 0 . Surface (noun) - the outer or top part or layer of something. 1 1 . System (noun) - a way or method of doing things. 1 2 . Medicine (noun) - the science of curing and preventing illness and injury. 1 3 . Metabolic system - all the chemical processes in your body, especially those that cause food to be used for energy and growth. 1 4 . Yoga (noun) - a set of physical and mental exercises, Indian in origin, which is intended to give control over the body and mind. 1 5 . Meditation (noun) - the act of thinking for a long period in order to relax or as a religious activity. 1 6 . Massage (noun) - the activity of rubbing or pressing parts of someone's body in order to make them relax or to stop their muscles hurting. 1 7 . Ill(adjective) - not feeling well, or suffering from a disease. 1 8 . Substance (noun) - material with particular physical characteristics. 1 9 . Illness (noun) - a disease of the body or mind. 2 0 . Beneficial (adjective) - helpful or useful. 2 1 . Dilution (noun) – the weakening of the force of a liquid. 2 2 . Primarily (adverb) – mainly. 2 3 . Depression (noun) - when you feel very unhappy or a mental illness that makes you feel very unhappy. 2 4 . Needle (noun) - the thin, sharp, metal part of a piece of medical equipment used to take blood out of the body, or to put medicine or drugs in.

2 5 . Therapeutic (adjective) - helping to cure a disease or improve your health. 2 6 . Aromatic (adjective) - having a nice smell. 2 7 . Compound (noun) - a substance that is a combination of two or more elements. 2 8 . Bug (noun) - any small insect. 2 9 . Cramp (noun) - a sudden pain that you get when the muscles in a particular part of your body contract, usually caused by cold or too much exercise. 3 0 . Tendinitis (noun) - inflammation of a tendon. 3 1 . Abrasion (noun) - a damaged area of the skin where it has been rubbed against sth hard and rough. 3 2 . Blister (noun) - a swelling on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid and is caused, for example, by rubbing or burning. 3 3 . Bruise (noun) - a blue, brown or purple mark that appears on the skin after sb has fallen, been hit, etc.. 3 4 . Conventional (adjective) - following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time. 3 5 . Dental (adjective [only before noun]) - connected with teeth. 3 6 . Dietary (adjective) - relating to your diet (the food that you eat and drink regularly). 3 7 . Nutritional (adjective) - relating to nutrition (the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health). 3 8 . Immediate (adjective) - existing now and needing urgent attention. 3 9 . Follow-up (adjective) - an action or a thing that continues sth that has already started or comes after sth similar that was done earlier. 4 0 . Laser (noun) - a device that makes a very strong line of controlled light (= with rays that are parallel and of the same wavelength). 4 1 . Long-term (adjective) - that will last or have an effect over a long period of time. 4 2 . Psychiatric (adjective) - relating to psychiatry or to mental illness. 4 3 . Surgical (adjective) - used in or connected with surgery. 4 4 . Non-surgical – not connected with surgery. 4 5 . Method (noun) - a particular way of doing sth. 4 6 . Waste (noun) - a situation in which it is not worth spending time, money, etc. on sth. 4 7 . Shot (noun) - a small amount of a drug that is put into your body using a syringe; injection. 4 8 . Lung (noun) - either of the two organs in the chest that you use for breathing. 4 9 . Blood pressure (noun) the pressure of blood as it travels around the body: to have high / low blood pressure . to take (= measure) sb’s blood pressure. 5 0 . Pulse (noun) - the regular beating of the heart, especially when it is felt at the wrist or side of the neck. 5 1 . Surgery (noun) - the treatment of injuries or diseases in people or animals by cutting open the body and removing or repairing the damaged part. 5 2 . Checkup (noun) - a medical examination to test your general state of health. 5 3 . Blood test (noun) - a scientific examination of a person's blood to find out whether they have any diseases or lack any important substances. 5 4 . Intensive care unit (ICU) - the part of a hospital which provides continuous treatment for patients who are seriously ill, very badly injured or have just had an operation. 5 5 . Walker (noun) - a metal frame that people use to help them to walk, for example people who are old or who have sth wrong with their legs. 5 6 . Syringe (noun) - a plastic or glass tube with a long hollow needle that is used for putting drugs, etc. into a person’s body or for taking a small amount of blood from a person. 5 7 . Nurse (noun) - a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospital. 5 8 . Ward (noun) - a separate room or area in a hospital for people with the same type of medical condition: a maternity / surgical / psychiatric / children’s, etc. ward. 5 9 . X-ray (noun) - a photograph made by X-rays, especially one showing bones or organs in the body. 6 0 . Bandage (noun) - a strip of cloth used for tying around a part of the body that has been hurt in order to protect or support it. 6 1 . Inhaler (noun) - a small device containing medicine that you breathe in through your mouth, used by people who have problems with breathing. 6 2 . Thermometer (noun) - an instrument used for measuring the temperature of the air, a person’s body, etc. 6 3 . Doctor´s office - a place where a doctor, dentist or vet sees patients. 6 4 . Visiting hours (noun) - the times when you are allowed to go and spend time with someone who is in a hospital,etc. 6 5 . Wheelchair (noun) - a special chair with wheels, used by people who cannot walk because of illness, an accident, etc. 6 6 . Profession (noun) - the people who do a type of work, considered as a group. 6 7 . Narrative (noun) - a story or a description of a series of events.

6 8 . Back - in or into the past; ago. 6 9 . The flu (noun) - an infectious illness which is like a very bad cold, but which causes a fever. 7 0 . At a certain point – at a limited point. 7 1 . Comfort (noun) - a pleasant feeling of being relaxed and free from pain. 7 2 . Cheerfully (adverb) - happy, and showing it by the way that you behave. 7 3 . Overjoyed (adjective) - extremely happy or pleased. 7 4 . Energy (noun) - the ability to put effort and enthusiasm into an activity, work, etc. 7 5 . Get-well-soon card - a card with a message inside that you send to sb wishing they would get over a disease, etc. 7 6 . Live your life to the fullest – enjoy your life as much as you can. 7 7 . Precise (adjective) - clear and exact. 7 8 . Narrator (noun) - a person who tells a story, especially in a book, play or film / movie. 7 9 . Sensory (adjective) - connected with the physical senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing. 8 0 . Outline (noun) - a description of the main facts or points involved in sth. 8 1 . Meaningful (adjective) - serious and important. 8 2 . Sensation (noun) - a general feeling caused by something that happens to you. 8 3 . Anesthesia (noun) - a state in which someone does not feel pain, usually because of drugs they have been given. 8 4 . Concept (noun) - an idea or a principle that is connected with sth. 8 5 . Stimulation (noun) - when something causes someone or something to become more active or enthusiastic, or to develop or function. 8 6 . Defense mechanism (noun) - a reaction in your body that protects you from an illness or danger. 8 7 . Dose (noun) - a measured amount of something such as medicine. 8 8 . Individualized (adjective) - prepared or suitable for individual people. 8 9 . Practitioner (noun) - someone who works as a doctor or a lawyer. 9 0 . Lifestyle (noun) - the way a person or group of people live, including the place they live in, the things they own, the kind of job they do, and the activities they enjoy. 9 1 . By the turn – (the turn of the century/year) the beginning of a new century or year. 9 2 . Homeopath (noun) - a person who treats illness using homeopathic methods. 9 3 . Homeopathic (adjective) – related to homeopathy. 9 4 . Cheap (adjective) - low in price and quality. 9 5 . Several (determiner) - a number of people or things that is more than a few, but not a lot. 9 6 . Spa (noun) - a place where people go to improve their health and beauty, especially through swimming, exercise, beauty treatments etc.

VERBS: 9 7 . To 9 8 . To 9 9 . To 1 0 0To . 1 0 1To .

promote /ed - to encourage something to happen or develop. squeeze /ed - to press something firmly. manipulate /ed - to control something using the hands. relieve /ed - to make pain or a bad feeling less severe. hypnotize /ed - to place someone in a mental state like sleep, in which their thoughts can be easily influenced. 1 0 2To . affect /ed - to produce a change in sb/sth. 1 0 3To . bite / bit, bitten - to wound sb by making a small hole or mark in their skin. 1 0 4To . benefit from /ed - to be helped by something. 1 0 5To . undergo /underwent, undergone - to experience sth, especially a change or sth unpleasant. 1 0 6To . administer /ed - to give or to provide sth, especially in a formal way. 1 0 7To . admit /ted - to allow someone to enter a hospital because they need medical care. 1 0 8To . discharge /ed - to allow someone officially to leave somewhere, especially a hospital or a court of law: 1 0 9To . prescribe /ed - to say what medical treatment someone should have. 1 1 0To . fill /ed - to make sth full of sth; to become full of sth. 1 1 1To . prove (proved, proved) or (proved, proven) - to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that sth is true. 1 1 2To . prevent /ed - to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something. 1 1 3To . waste /ed - to not make good or full use of sb/sth. 1 1 4To . seize /ed - to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc. 1 1 5To . flow /ed - to develop or be produced in an easy and natural way.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS 1 1 6To . look up /ed - to look for information in a dictionary or reference book, or by using a computer. 1 1 7To . come down with /came, come – to catch an illness. 1 1 8To . get over /got, got (gotten)- to return to your usual state of health, happiness, etc. after an illness, a shock, the end of a relationship, etc. 1 1 9To . pass by /ed – to move by, to go past. 1 2 0To . take on /took, taken – to accept (responsibility). 1 2 1To . throw away / threw, thrown – to fail to use, to waste. 1 2 2To . turn around /ed - to change position or direction so as to face the other way; to make sb/sth do this.

LESSON 8 1 . Surrealist (noun) - a 20th century style and movement in art and literature in which images and events that are not connected are put together in a strange or impossible way, like a dream, to try to express what is happening deep in the mind. 2 . Artist (noun) - a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawings. 3 . Heart failure (noun) - a serious medical condition in which the heart does not work correctly. 4 . Persistence - the state of continuing to exist for a long period of time; or determination to do something even though it is difficult or other people oppose it. 5 . Droopy (adjective) - sth that bends, hangs or moves downwards, especially because of being weak or tired. 6 . Superstar (noun) - a very famous performer, for example an actor, a singer or a sports player. 7 . Recognition (noun) - public praise and reward for sb’s work or actions. 8 . Sheriff (noun) - an elected officer responsible for keeping law and order in a county or town. 9 . Recording (noun) - sound or pictures that have been recorded on tape, video, etc. 1 0 . Romance (noun) - an exciting and often short relationship between two people who love each other. 1 1 . Activism (noun) - the use of direct and noticeable action to achieve a result, usually a political or social one. 1 2 . Popularity (noun) - he state of being liked, enjoyed or supported by a large number of people. 1 3 . Tomb (noun) - a large grave, especially one built of stone above or below the ground. 1 4 . Raider (noun) - someone who goes into a place and steals things. 1 5 . Co-founders (noun) - people who start an organization, institution together. 1 6 . Google - a very popular search engine (=computer program that allows you to search for information on the Internet). 1 7 . Professor (noun) - a teacher at a university or college. 1 8 . Billionaire (noun) - an extremely rich person, who has at least a thousand million pounds, dollars, etc. in money or property. 1 9 . Golfer (noun) - a person who plays golf. 2 0 . Brains (noun) - the ability to learn quickly and think about things in a logical and intelligent way. 2 1 . Day-to-day (adjective) - involving the usual events or tasks of each day. 2 2 . Lonely (adjective) - unhappy because you have no friends or people to talk to. 2 3 . Miserable (adjective) - very unhappy or uncomfortable. 2 4 . Life expectancy (noun) - the number of years that a person is likely to live; the length of time that sth is likely to exist or continue for. 2 5 . Life imprisonment (noun) - the punishment of being put in prison for a very long time without an arranged time for release or, in the US, until death. 2 6 . Spy (noun) - a person who tries to get secret information about another country, organization, or person, especially sb who is employed by a government or the police. 2 7 . Live (adjective) – not dead; heard or seen as the event takes place, not recorded. 2 8 . Philosophical (adjective) - having a calm attitude towards a difficult or disappointing situation. 2 9 . Monetary (adjective) - connected with money, especially all the money in a country. 3 0 . Donation (noun) - something that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in order to help them. 3 1 . Comics (noun) - a magazine, especially for children, that tells stories through pictures. 3 2 . Golf (noun) - a game played over a large area of ground using specially shaped sticks to hit a small hard ball (a golf ball) into a series of 9 or 18 holes, using as few strokes as possible. 3 3 . Award (noun) - a prize such as money, etc. for sth that sb has done. 3 4 . Cufflink (noun) - one of a pair of small decorative objects used for fastening shirt cuffs (the end of a coat or shirt sleeve at the wrist) together:

3 5 . Limousine (limo) - noun 1a large expensive comfortable car. 3 6 . Bow tie (noun) - a man’s tie that is tied in the shape of a bow and that does not hang down. 3 7 . Tuxedo (noun) - a man's jacket that is usually black, worn on formal occasions. 3 8 . Evening gown (noun) - a woman’s dress, especially a long one for special occasions. 3 9 . High heels (noun) - women's shoes in which the heels are raised high off the ground. 4 0 . Nominee (noun) - a person who has been formally suggested for a job, a prize, etc. 4 1 . Press (noun) - the journalists and photographers who work for newspapers and magazines. 4 2 . Microphone (noun) - a device that is used for recording sounds or for making your voice louder when you are speaking or singing to an audience. 4 3 . Red carpet (noun) - a strip of red carpet laid on the ground for an important visitor to walk on when he or she arrives. 4 4 . Ribbon (noun) - a length of coloured ribbon, sometimes arranged in the form of a flat flower, that is given as a prize in a competition. 4 5 . Medal (noun) - a flat piece of metal, usually shaped like a coin, that is given to the winner of a competition or to sb who has been brave, for example in war. 4 6 . Laureate (noun) - a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved. 4 7 . Statuette (noun) - a very small statue that can be put on a table or shelf. 4 8 . Commemorative plaque – a flat piece of stone, metal, etc., with writing on it, used to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event. 4 9 . Nomination (noun) - the act of suggesting or choosing sb as a candidate in an election, or for a job or an award; the fact of being suggested for this. 5 0 . Acknowledgement (noun) - an act or a statement expressing thanks to sb; something that is given to sb as thanks. 5 1 . Biography (noun) - the story of a person’s life written by sb else; this type of writing. 5 2 . college dropout (noun) - a person who leaves college before they have finished their studies. 5 3 . Multimillionaire (noun) - a person who has money and possessions worth several million pounds, dollars, etc. 5 4 . CEO (abbreviation) - chief executive officer (the person with the highest rank in a business company) 5 5 . Part (noun) - one of the pieces that together form a machine or some type of equipment. 5 6 . Eastern (adjective) - connected with the part of the world that is to the east of Europe. 5 7 . Temper (noun) – (behavior) the general attitude that people have in a particular place at one time. 5 8 . Perfectionism (noun) - the wish for everything to be correct. 5 9 . Egomania (noun) - a mental condition in which sb is interested in themselves or concerned about themselves in a way that is not normal. 6 0 . Record (noun) - the best result or the highest or lowest level that has ever been reached. 6 1 . Historical (adjective ) - connected with the past or with the study of history. 6 2 . Accomplishment (noun) - an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work; the successful completing of sth. 6 3 . Significance (noun) - the importance of sth, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future. 6 4 . Influence (noun) - the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves or on the way that sth works or develops. 6 5 . Terrorist (noun) - a person who takes part in terrorism. 6 6 . Inch (pl. inches) - (abbr. in.) a unit for measuring length, equal to 2.54 centimeters. 6 7 . NBA (abbreviation) - National Basketball Association (the US organization responsible for professional basketball). 6 8 . Highlight (noun) - the best, most interesting or most exciting part of sth. 6 9 . Champion (noun) - a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport. 7 0 . Rebound (in basketball) - the act of catching the ball after a player has thrown it at the basket and has not scored a point. 7 1 . Championship (noun) - competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport. 7 2 . Mean (of people or their behavior) – unkind or unpleasant, for example by not letting sb have or do sth. 7 3 . Life-size (adjective) - the same size as a person or thing really is. 7 4 . Landmark (noun) - something, such as a large building, that you can see clearly from a distance and that will help you to know where you are. 7 5 . Crowds - a very large number of people. 7 6 . Loyalty (noun) - the quality of being faithful in your support of sb/sth. 7 7 . Stroke (noun) - a sudden serious illness when a blood vessel (= tube) in the brain bursts or is blocked, which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly. 7 8 . Sight (noun) - a thing that you see or can see. 7 9 . Faithful (adjective) - staying with or supporting a particular person, organization or belief; loyal. 8 0 . Dead (adjective) - no longer alive.

8 1 . In vain - without success.

VERBS 8 2 . To be born /was, were - to come out of your mother’s body at the beginning of your life. 8 3 . To shoot /shot, shot - to fire a gun or other weapon; to fire sth from a weapon. 8 4 . To rebuild / rebuilt, rebuilt - to make sth/sb complete and strong again. 8 5 . To devote /ed - to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to sth. 8 6 . To risk /ed - to put sth valuable or important in a dangerous situation, in which it could be lost or damaged. 8 7 . To sacrifice /ed - to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person. 8 8 . To save /ed - to make someone or something safe from danger, harm, or destruction. 8 9 . To spare /ed - to not damage or harm someone or something, even though other people or things are being damaged, killed, or destroyed. 9 0 . To value /ed - to think that sb/sth is important. 9 1 . To retire /ed - to stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill / sick; to tell sb they must stop doing their job. 9 2 . To award /ed - to give money or a prize following an official decision. 9 3 . To nominate /ed - to formally suggest that sb should be chosen for an important role, prize, position, etc. 9 4 . To design /ed - to decide how sth will look, work, etc., especially by drawing plans or making models. 9 5 . To Illustrate/ed - to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc. 9 6 . To Place /ed - to put something in a particular position. 9 7 . To erect /ed - to build sth; to put sth in position and make it stand vertical. 9 8 . To accompany /accompanied, accompanied - to travel or go somewhere with sb. 9 9 . To found /ed - to start sth, such as an organization or an institution, especially by providing money. 1 0 0To . deny /de·nied, de·nied - to say that sth is not true.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS 1 0 1To . check up on /ed – investigate, find out if someone is doing what they said they would do. 1 0 2To . walk out on /ed – leave someone. 1 0 3To . jump to conclusions /ed – get the wrong idea because you don´t know all the facts. 1 0 4To . make it up to /made , made – do something good for someone to show you are sorry for something bad you did to them. 1 0 5To . team up with /ed - to join with another person or group in order to do sth together

LESSON 9 1 . Right away - immediately; without delay. 2 . Anti-aging (adjective) - describes substances that are intended to prevent or limit the process of becoming old. 3 . Moisturizing lotion - a product that you put on your skin to stop it from becoming dry. 4 . Botox (noun) - a substance that makes muscles relax. It is sometimes injected into the skin around sb’s eyes to remove lines and make the skin look younger. 5 . Liposuction (noun) - a way of removing fat from sb’s body by using suction. 6 . Prevention (noun) - the act of stopping sth bad from happening. 7 . Directly (adverb) - in a direct line or manner. 8 . Indirectly ( adverb) - not following a straight line or way, or not directly or simply connected. 9 . Voting age – the age when people are allowed to choose someone or something in an election. 1 0 . Age group (noun) - people of a similar age or within a particular range of ages. Ex.: education for the 16–18 age group. 1 1 . Alcoholic (adjective) - connected with or containing alcohol. 1 2 . Notion (noun) - an idea, a belief or an understanding of sth. 1 3 . Immature (adjective) - behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger. 1 4 . Frightened (adjective) - afraid; feeling fear. 1 5 . Geriatrician (noun) - a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of old people. 1 6 . Silver hair - gray hair. 1 7 . Wrinkle (noun) - a line or small fold in your skin, especially on your face, that forms as you get older.

1 8 . Reading glasses – glasses worn when a person is reading. 1 9 . Crow’s feet (noun) - [pl.] lines in the skin around the outer corner of a person’s eye. 2 0 . Dentures (noun) - [pl.] artificial teeth on a thin piece of plastic , worn by sb who no longer has all their own teeth. 2 1 . Age spot - a small area on someone's skin that shows that they are old. 2 2 . Alzheimer’s disease – an illness caused by the decay of the brain, which makes the person forget things and lose the ability to care for himself/herself. 2 3 . Arthritis – a serious, often long-lasting disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body. 2 4 . Cancer - a serious disease in which growths of cells, also called cancers, form in the body and kill normal body cells. The disease often causes death. 2 5 . Cataract – a disease of the eye in which the lens becomes clouded and causes a gradual loss of sight. 2 6 . Rheumatism – a disease causing pain and stiffness in the joints or muscles of the body. 2 7 . Diabetes (noun) - a medical condition caused by a lack of insulin, which makes the patient produce a lot of urine and feel very thirsty. 2 8 . Osteoporosis - a condition in which the bones become weak and are easily broken, usually when people get older or because they do not eat enough of certain substances. 2 9 . Immune system (noun) - the system in your body that produces substances to help it fight against infection and disease. 3 0 . Cardiovascular system (noun) - one of the most important systems in the body, formed by the heart, the blood vessels (= the tubes that carry blood around the body) and the blood. 3 1 . Digestive system (noun) - the series of organs inside the body that digest food. 3 2 . Nervous system (noun) - the system in the body that consists of the brain and all the nerves. Together, they make movement and feeling possible by sending messages around the body. 3 3 . Urinary system(noun) - the system in your body that consists of the parts of the body which produce and carry urine. 3 4 . Pediatrician (noun ) - a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of children. 3 5 . Diaper (noun) - a piece of soft cloth or paper that is folded around a baby’s bottom and between its legs to absorb and hold its body waste. 3 6 . Bib (noun) - a piece of cloth or plastic that you put under babies' chins to protect their clothes while they are eating. 3 7 . Pacifier (noun) - a small rubber object that you give to a baby to suck in order to make it calm. 3 8 . Pregnant (adjective) - (of a woman or female animal) having a baby or young animal developing inside her/its body. 3 9 . Stroller (noun) - a chair on wheels which is used to move small children. 4 0 . Chickenpox (noun) – an infectious disease which causes a slight fever and spots on the skin. 4 1 . Measles (noun) – an infectious disease which causes fever and small red spots on the face and body. 4 2 . German measles (noun) – an infectious disease in which red spots appear on the body for a short time. 4 3 . Mumps (noun) – an infectious disease in which the glands swell, particularly those around the neck and mouth. 4 4 . Whooping cough (noun) – a disease that causes uncontrollable cough followed by a noisy intake of air. 4 5 . Vaccine (noun) - a substance that is put into the blood and that protects the body from a disease. 4 6 . Polio (noun) – poliomyelitis; an infectious disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis (= loss of control or feeling in part or most of the body). 4 7 . Objection (noun) - a reason why you do not like or are opposed to sth. 4 8 . Vaccination (noun) - a protection a person or animal gets from a disease by receiving a vaccine. 4 9 . Pharmaceutical (adjective) - connected with making and selling drugs and medicines. 5 0 . Contamination (noun) - the act ofHCSGE making a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease. 5 1 . No Sound proof – no real or good proof. 5 2 . Autism (noun) - a mental condition in which a person is unable to communicate or form relationships with others. 5 3 . Asthma (noun) - a medical condition of the chest that makes breathing difficult. 5 4 . Neurological (adjective) - relating to nerves or to the science of neurology. 5 5 . Access (noun) - the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth. 5 6 . Dramatically (adverb) – in a very sudden or noticeable way. 5 7 . Ultimately (adverb) - in the end; finally. 5 8 . Crucial (adjective) - extremely important, because it will affect other things. 5 9 . Conscientiously (adverb) - taking care to do things carefully and correctly. 6 0 . Author (noun) - someone who writes a book, article, etc. 6 1 . Additional (adjective) - more than was first mentioned or is usual; extra. 6 2 . Prompt (noun) – something that suggests or says the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned ; cue.

6 3 . Secondly (adverb) - used to introduce the second of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writing. 6 4 . Lion (noun) - a large powerful animal of the cat family, that hunts in groups and lives in parts of Africa and southern Asia. Lions have yellowish-brown fur and the male has a mane (= long thick hair round its neck). 6 5 . Giant tortoise : any of various large long-lived herbivorous land tortoises (a reptile with a hard round shell, that lives on land and moves very slowly. It can pull its head and legs into its shell.) formerly common on the islands of the western Indian Ocean and on the Galápagos Islands. 6 6 . Alligator (noun) - a large reptile similar to a crocodile, with a long tail, hard skin and very big jaws, that lives in rivers and lakes in N and S America and China. 6 7 . Blue whale (noun) - a type of whale that is the largest known living animal. 6 8 . Elephant (noun) - a very large animal with thick grey skin, large ears, two curved outer teeth called tusks and a long nose called a trunk. There are two types of elephant, the African and the Asian. 6 9 . Widely (adverb) - by a lot of people; in or to many places. 7 0 . Mentally (adverb) - connected with or happening in the mind. 7 1 . Alert (adjective) - able to think quickly; quick to notice things. 7 2 . Dramatist (noun) - a person who writes plays for the theatre, television or radio. 7 3 . Uncommon (adjective) - not existing in large numbers or in many places; unusual, rare. 7 4 . Drug (noun) - an illegal substance that some people smoke, inject, etc. for the physical and mental effects it has. 7 5 . Alcoholism (noun) - the medical condition caused by drinking too much alcohol regularly.

VERBS: 7 6 . To teethe /ed - to grow a baby´s first teeth. 7 7 . To object /ed - to say that you disagree with, disapprove of or oppose sth. 7 8 . To inoculate /ed - to give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection, as a protection against that disease. 7 9 . To outline /ed - to give a description of the main facts or points involved in sth. 8 0 . To vaccinate /ed - to give a person or an animal a vaccine, especially by injecting it, in order to protect them against a disease. 8 1 . To protect /ed - to make sure that sb/sth is not harmed, injured, damaged, etc. 8 2 . To claim /ed - to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it. 8 3 . To overestimate /ed - to estimate sth to be larger, better, more important, etc. than it really is. 8 4 . To forbid /forbade, forbidden - to order sb not to do sth; to order that sth must not be done; to prohibit. 8 5 . To inject /ed - to put a drug or other substance into a person’s or an animal’s body using a syringe. 8 6 . To frighten /ed - to make sb suddenly feel afraid. 8 7 . To Fear /ed - to be worried or frightened that something bad might happen or might have happened. 8 8 . To outnumber /ed - to be greater in number than sb/sth. 8 9 . To remain /ed - to continue to be sth; to be still in the same state or condition. 9 0 . To recall /ed - to remember sth.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 9 1 . To 9 2 . To 9 3 . To 9 4 . To 9 5 . To 9 6 . To 9 7 . To 9 8 . To

brag about /gged – to talk too proudly about something you have or have done. fall apart / fell, fallen – to be in a very bad condition. freak out /ed – to get extremely anxious or frightened. look after /ed – to take good care of something or someone. cut it out / cut, cut – to stop doing something because it is annoying. rack one’s brain /ed – to try hard to think of something. grow up /grew, grown - (of a person) to develop into an adult. point out /ed - to mention sth in order to give sb information about it or make them notice it.

LESSON 10

1 . Strongly (adverb) - very much or in a very serious way. 2 . Insanity (noun) - the state of being insane, madness. 3 . Super - larger, or more effective, or more powerful, or more successful than usual; very or more than usually. 4 . Sanity (noun) - the state of having a normal healthy mind. 5 . Psychotic (adjective) - suffering from psychosis. 6 . Creativity (noun) - the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas, make things etc. 7 . Sculptor (noun) - a person who makes sculptures. 8 . Lifebelt (noun) - a large ring made of material that floats well, that is used to rescue sb who has fallen into water, to prevent them from drowning. 9 . Fully (adverb) - completely. 1 0 . Quote (noun) - INFORMAL for quotation - a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said: 1 1 . Ironic (adjective) - an ironic situation is one that is unusual or amusing because something strange happens or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true. 1 2 . Habitual (adjective) - usual or typical of someone. 1 3 . Inflexible (adjective) - that cannot be changed or made more suitable for a particular situation, rigid. 1 4 . Rigid (adjective) - very strict and difficult to change, inflexible. 1 5 . Domestic (adjective) - used in the home; connected with the home or family. 1 6 . Dull (adjective) – boring, not interesting or exciting. 1 7 . Monotonous (adjective) - never changing and therefore boring. Fixed (adjective) - staying the same; not changing or able to be changed. 1 8 . Addict - a person who is very interested in sth and spends a lot of their free time on it; a person who cannot stop doing or using something, especially something harmful. a drug addict a gambling addict 1 9 . Offline - with your computer not connected to the Internet. 2 0 . Addiction (noun) - the condition of being addicted to sth. 2 1 . Addicted (adjective) - liking something so much that you do not want to stop doing it or having it . “kids addicted to surfing the Net.” 2 2 . Rehab (noun) - the process of helping to cure sb who has a problem with drugs or alcohol. 2 3 . Paparazzo /pl. paparazzi / (noun) - a photographer who follows famous people around in order to get interesting photographs of them to sell to a newspaper. 2 4 . Phenomenon /pl. phenomena/ (noun) - a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood: cultural / natural / social phenomena. 2 5 . Famine (noun) – great lack or shortage of food. 2 6 . Mirage (noun) – an illusion of an area of water in the desert or on a Road. 2 7 . Epidemic (noun) – an outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly and attacks many people. 2 8 . Volcanic eruption – the throwing out of lava. 2 9 . Tsunami (noun) – a huge ocean wave. 3 0 . Thunderstorm (noun) – a storm of thunder and lightening, often accompanied by rain. 3 1 . Thunder (noun) – the loud sound heard in the sky after a flash of lightening. 3 2 . Lightning (noun) – a flash of electricity between clouds or from a cloud to earth during a storm. 3 3 . Drenched – soaked completely. 3 4 . Flood (noun) – a great overflow of water. 3 5 . Drizzle (noun) – rain in small drops. 3 6 . Rainbow (noun) – the colored arch sometimes seen in the sky opposite the sun when drizzle is falling. 3 7 . Wet (adjective) – containing water or another liquid; not dry. 3 8 . Heat wave – a period of increased temperature. 3 9 . Drought (noun) – a period of lack of rain. 4 0 . Blizzard (noun) – a blinding storm of wind and snow. 4 1 . Hail (noun) – small balls of ice falling from the clouds. 4 2 . Tornado (noun) – a violent storm with winds blowing at over 120 km per hour. 4 3 . Landslide (noun) – a piece of land that falls down from the side of a hill. 4 4 . Earthquake (noun) – a shaking of the earth´s surface. 4 5 . Damage (noun) - physical harm caused to sth which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable. 4 6 . Evidence (noun) - the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that sth is true. 4 7 . Polar ice caps - an area of thick ice that permanently covers the North and South Poles. 4 8 . Glaciers (noun) - a large mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, that moves very slowly down a valley

4 9 . Desertification (noun) - the process of becoming or making sth a desert. 5 0 . Bleaching – the act of making something pale or white, especially by using chemicals or the sun: “She bleached her hair blond.”;” The wood had been bleached by the sun.” 5 1 . Coral (noun) - a hard substance that is red, pink or white in color, and that forms on the bottom of the sea from the bones of very small creatures. “coral reefs / islands.” 5 2 . Occurrence (noun) - something that happens or exists. 5 3 . Global warming (noun) - the increase in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide. 5 4 . Green house gases (noun) - gases that are thought to cause the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide. 5 5 . Observation (noun) - the act of watching sb/sth carefully for a period of time, especially to learn sth 5 6 . Conclusive (adjective) - proving sth, and allowing no doubt or confusion. 5 7 . Nation (noun) - a country, especially when thought of as a large group of people living in one area with their own government, language, traditions, etc. 5 8 . Protocol (noun) - the first or original version of an agreement, especially a treaty between countries, etc.; “the first Geneva Protocol.” 5 9 . Industrialized (adjective) - having developed a lot of industry. 6 0 . Emission (noun) - the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc. 6 1 . Level (noun) - the amount of sth that exists in a particular situation at a particular time.  “high pollution levels.” 6 2 . Producer (noun) - a person, a company or a country that grows or makes food, goods or materials. 6 3 . Pollution (noun) - the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty; the state of being dirty. 6 4 . Fossil fuel (noun) - fuel such as coal or oil, that was formed over millions of years from the remains of animals or plants. 6 5 . Carbon dioxide (noun) - symb CO2 - a gas breathed out by people and animals from the lungs or produced by burning carbon. 6 6 . Exempt (adjective) – not affected by something, or not having to do it or pay it. 6 7 . Economic (adjective) - connected with the trade, industry and development of wealth of a country, an area or a society. 6 8 . Loss (noun) - money that has been lost by a business or an organization. 6 9 . To ratify / ratified, ratified - (especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official. 7 0 . Support group (noun) - a group of people who meet to help each other with a particular problem. 7 1 . Lava (noun) - hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano. 7 2 . Environmental (adjective) - connected with the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants live; connected with the environment. 7 3 . Term (noun) - a word or phrase used as the name of sth, especially one connected with a particular type of language. 7 4 . Perpendicular (adjective) - forming an angle of 90° with another line or surface; vertical and going straight up. 7 5 . Synonym (noun) - a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language: ‘Big’ and ‘large’ are synonyms. 7 6 . Practically (adverb) - almost; very nearly; virtually.

VERBS: 7 7 . To cling /clung, clung - to hold on tightly to sb/sth. “survivors clinging to a raft” 7 8 . To aspire /ed - to have a strong desire to achieve or to become sth. 7 9 . To vary /varied, varied - to change something to make it different. 8 0 . To confess /ed - to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about. 8 1 . To erode / ed– to wear away by the action of water, wind, etc. 8 2 . To devastate / ed – to leave in ruins. 8 3 . To starve / ed – to die or suffer greatly from hunger. 8 4 . To strike / struck, struck – (OF DISASTER / DISEASE) to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on sb/sth: “The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera.” 8 5 . To witness /ed - to see sth happen (typically a crime or an accident): “She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.” 8 6 . To unite / ed - to join together with other people in order to do sth as a group. 8 7 . To emit / emitted - to send out sth such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.

8 8 . To allege / ed - to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved. “The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.”; “The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.” 8 9 . To star / red - to have one of the main parts in a film / movie, play, etc.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 9 0 . To run on / ran, run - If a machine runs on a particular type or supply of power, it uses that power to work. 9 1 . To come up with / came , come – to provide. 9 2 . To cut down on /cut, cut – to reduce. 9 3 . To look into /ed – to investigate. 9 4 . To pick out /ed – to choose. 9 5 . To sign up for /ed – to sign an agreement.

QUIZ 4 9 6 . Suspiciously (adverb) - in a way that makes people think sth wrong, illegal or dishonest is happening.

LESSON 11 1 . A matter of –a situation that involves sth or depends on sth; question. “Some people prefer the older version to the new one. It’s a matter of taste.” 2 . Careless (adjective) - not giving enough attention and thought to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes. 3 . Naive (adjective) - lacking experience of life, knowledge or good judgement and willing to believe that people always tell you the truth. 4 . Theft (noun) - the crime of stealing sth from a person or place. 5 . Robbery (noun) - the crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop / store, person, etc., especially using violence or threats: armed robbery (= using a gun, knife, etc.) 6 . Alleged (adjective) - an alleged crime, fact etc is one that someone says has happened or is true, although it has not been proved. 7 . Brutal (adjective) - violent and cruel. 8 . Notorius (adjective) - famous or well-known for something bad. 9 . Political (adjective) - connected with the state, government or public affairs. 1 0 . Unsolved (adjective) - not having been solved: an unsolved murder / mystery / problem. 1 1 . White collar (adjective) - working in an office, rather than in a factory, etc.; connected with work in offices: white-collar workers ; a white-collar job ; white-collar crime (= in which office workers steal from their company, etc.) 1 2 . Against (preposition) - opposing or disagreeing with sb/sth: “the fight against terrorism.” 1 3 . Kidnapper (noun) – a person who kidnapped someone else. 1 4 . Kidnapping (noun) - when someone is kidnapped. 1 5 . Former (adjective) - that used to have a particular position or status in the past: the former world champion. 1 6 . Offender (noun) - a person who commits a crime: a persistent / serious / violent, etc. offender 1 7 . Kickboxing (noun) - a form of boxing in which the people fighting each other can kick as well as punch (= hit with their hands) 1 8 . Chief (noun) - a person with a high rank or the highest rank in a company or an organization: army / industry / police chiefs. 1 9 . Definitely (adverb) - a way of emphasizing that sth is true and that there is no doubt about it. 2 0 . Adequate (adjective) - enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need. 2 1 . Illegally (adverb) – in a way not allowed by the law. 2 2 . By force (noun) - physical power or strength. “The army has seized power by force.” 2 3 . Repeatedly (adverb) - happening, said or done many times. 2 4 . Assault (noun) - the crime of attacking sb physically: “Both men were charged with assault.” ; ”A significant

number of indecent assaults on women go unreported.” ;“ sexual assaults.” 2 5 . Bribery (noun) - the giving or taking of bribes (sum of money or sth valuable that you give or offer to sb to persuade them to help you, especially by doing sth dishonest) 2 6 . Burglary (noun) - the crime of entering a building illegally and stealing things from it. 2 7 . Drug dealing – the act of selling illegal drugs. 2 8 . Forgery (noun) - the crime of copying money, documents, etc. in order to cheat people. 2 9 . Murder (noun) - the crime of killing sb deliberately; homicide. 3 0 . Shoplifting (noun) - the crime of stealing goods from a shop / store by deliberately leaving without paying for them. 3 1 . Vandalism (noun) - the crime of destroying or damaging sth, especially public property, deliberately and for no good reason. 3 2 . Punishment (noun) - something that is done in order to make sb suffer because they have broken the law or done sth wrong. 3 3 . Community service (noun) - work helping people in the local community that sb does without being paid, either because they want to, or because they have been ordered to by a court as a punishment. 3 4 . Fine (noun) - a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule: a parking fine. 3 5 . Imprisonment (noun) - the state of being in prison, or the time someone spends there: “They were sentenced to 6 years' imprisonment.”; “ life imprisonment” 3 6 . Restitution (noun) - the act of giving back sth that was lost or stolen to its owner. 3 7 . Victim (noun) - a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. 3 8 . Gang (noun) - 1an organized group of criminals or a group of young people who spend a lot of time together and often cause trouble or fight against other groups. 3 9 . Courtroom (noun) - a room in which trials or other legal cases are held. 4 0 . Jury (noun) - a group of people legally selected to hear a case and decide whether someone is guilty or not. 4 1 . Bailiff (noun) – a court attendant who maintains order in a courtroom. 4 2 . Attorney (noun) - a lawyer; a person whose business is to represent people in court. 4 3 . Courtroom clerk (noun) – the person who assists the jugdge with administrative matters such as calling the names of jurors and taking care of court documents. 4 4 . Judge (noun) – the person who decides questions of law and gives the jury any advice they need. 4 5 . Witness (noun) – a person who has seen or was present at an event and so has direct knowledge of it. 4 6 . Court reporter (noun) - someone whose job is to record everything that is said during a court case. 4 7 . Plaintiff (noun) - a person who starts a legal case against another. 4 8 . Spectator (noun) - a person who watches an event. 4 9 . Defendant (noun) - a person accused in a court of law. 5 0 . Accused (noun) / the accused / - [singular or plural]SCL the person or group of people who have been officially accused of a crime or offence in a court of law. 5 1 . Parole (noun) – the letting out of a prisoner for a limited time on condition that they return.. 5 2 . Trial (noun) - a formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often a jury, to decide if sb accused of a crime is guilty or not: “a murder trial.”; “ He’s on trial for murder.” 5 3 . Verdict (noun) - a decision that is made by a jury in court, stating if sb is considered guilty of a crime or not. 5 4 . Court of law - a place where law cases are judged. 5 5 . Graffiti (noun) - drawings or writing on a wall, etc. in a public place. 5 6 . Bail (noun) - when money is paid to a court so that someone can be released from prison until their trial. “He was released on bail.” 5 7 . Article (noun) - a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine. 5 8 . Gist (noun) - the main or general meaning of a piece of writing, a speech or a conversation. 5 9 . Visibility (noun) - the situation of being noticed by people in general. 6 0 . Bias (noun) - an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad which influences how you deal with it. 6 1 . Objective (adjective) - only influenced by facts and not by feelings. 6 2 . Scare (noun) - a situation in which a lot of people are anxious or frightened about sth. 6 3 . Cybercrime (noun) - criminal activity that involves the use of computers or the Internet. 6 4 . Tax (noun) - money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services. People pay tax according to their income and businesses pay tax according to their profits. Tax is also often paid on goods and services: to raise / cut taxes 6 5 . Stone (noun) - a small piece of rock of any shape. 6 6 . Pane (noun) - a flat piece of glass in a window or door. 6 7 . Lipstick (noun) - a substance made into a small stick, used for coloring the lips. 6 8 . In one’s favor - Advantage; if something is in your favor, it helps you to win or succeed.

6 9 . Testimony (noun) - a formal written or spoken statement saying what you know to be true, usually in court. 7 0 . Congress - (in the US and some other countries) the name of the group of people who are elected to make laws. In the US it consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. 7 1 . Beyond (any) doubt in a way that shows that sth is completely certain: “The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.” 7 2 . Reasonable (adjective) - fair, practical and sensible: “The prosecution has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he is guilty of murder.” 7 3 . Organization (noun) - a group of people who form a business, club, etc. together in order to achieve a particular aim. 7 4 . Preponderance (noun) - if there is a preponderance of one type of people or things in a group, there are more of them than others; predominance. “a preponderance of the evidence: most of the evidence in a law case.” 7 5 . Liable (noun) - legally responsible for paying the cost of sth: “You will be liable for any damage caused.” 7 6 . Divorce (noun) - the legal ending of a marriage. 7 7 . Child support (noun) - money that someone gives the mother or father of their children when they do not live with them. 7 8 . Custody (noun) - SSC the right to take care of a child, given to one of their parents when they have divorced. 7 9 . Collision (noun) - an accident that happens when two vehicles hit each other with force.

VERBS: 8 0 . To steal /stole, stolen - to take sth from a person, shop / store, etc. without permission and without intending to return it or pay for it. 8 1 . To occur / occurred - to happen. 8 2 . To combat /ed - to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing: to combat crime/terrorism/inflation/disease. 8 3 . To involve /ed - to include someone or something in something, or to make them take part in or feel part of it: ”Many of the crimes involved drugs.” 8 4 . To kidnap / kidnapped- to take sb away illegally and keep them as a prisoner, especially in order to get money or sth else for returning them. 8 5 . To free / freed - to allow sb to leave prison or somewhere they have been kept against their will. 8 6 . To counterfeit /ed - to make an exact copy of sth in order to trick people into thinking that it is the real thing. 8 7 . To suit /ed - to be convenient or useful for sb. “It suits me to start work at a later time.” 8 8 . To arrest/ ed - [often passive] if the police arrest sb, the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime. 8 9 . To be sentenced to – to officially receive a particular punishment in court. 9 0 . To plead / pleaded, pleaded; also: pled, pled - to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime: to plead guilty / not guilty. 9 1 . To sue /sued - to take legal action against someone and try to get money from them because they have harmed you. 9 2 . To prosecute /ed - to officially charge sb with a crime in court. 9 3 . To testify / testified - to make a statement that sth happened or that sth is true, especially as a witness in court. 9 4 . To stick / stuck, stuck - to continue doing or using sth and not want to change it. “He promised to help us and he stuck to his word (= he did as he had promised)” 9 5 . To record /ed - to write information down or store it in a computer or on film so that it can be looked at in the future. 9 6 . To initiate / ed - to make sth begin. 9 7 . To entitle /ed - to give sb the right to have or to do sth: “ You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65.”

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS: 9 8 . To carry out (phrasal verb) - to do and complete a task: to carry out an inquiry / an investigation. 

LESSON 12

1 . Yo! (slang) - used by young people to say hello. 2 . Wassap? (slang) - What´s up? / What’s

going on? / What’s the matter? / How are you? 3 . Gotta (informal, non-standard) - the written form of the word some people use to mean ‘have got to’ or ‘have got a’, which is not considered to be correct. 4 . Slang (noun) - very informal words and expressions that are more common in spoken language, especially used by a particular group of people, for example, children, criminals, soldiers, etc. 5 . No standing – not allowed. 6 . Smiley – an arrangement of keyboard character used to make facial expressions that are intended to convey emotion online. These computer keyboard characters use punctuation marks and special characters arranged to suggest the expression on a human face. Examples: :D :P :´( 7 . Trail (noun) - the smell or series of marks left by a person, animal or thing as it moves along. 8 . Antennae (noun) – plural of antenna. Either of the two long thin parts on the heads of some insects and some animals that live in shells, used to feel and touch things with 9 . Chemical (noun) - a substance obtained by or used in a chemical process. 1 0 . Pheromone – (noun) a substance produced by an animal as a chemical signal, often to attract another animal of the same species. 1 1 . Scent (noun) - the smell that a person or an animal leaves behind and that other animals such as dogs can follow 1 2 . Waiting room (noun) - a room where people can sit while they are waiting, for example for a bus or train, or to see a doctor or dentist. 1 3 . Homie (slang) – short for homeboy – a male friend or acquaintance from one´s neighborhood or hometown. 1 4 . Wheels (slang) – automobile. 1 5 . To hit the road / hit, hit (slang) – to set out, as on a trip; to leave. 1 6 . Chick (slang) – a girl or young woman. 1 7 . Poppins (slang) – perfect, as in “Mary Poppins is perfect in every way”. 1 8 . To hook up (with) / ed (slang) – to become romantically involved with someone. 1 9 . Phat (slang) – attractive, an acronym for pretty, hot and tempting. 2 0 . bling-bling (slang) – used to describe flashy and expensive jewelry, often suggests that a person is showing off. 2 1 . pen pal (noun) - a person that you make friends with by writing letters, often sb you have never met. 2 2 . junk mail (noun) – advertising material that is sent to people who have not asked for it. 2 3 . mail box (noun) - the area of a computer’s memory where email messages are stored. 2 4 . Accurately (adverb) – in a correct and exact way. 2 5 . Spouse (noun) – husband or wife. 2 6 . Undercover (adverb) – secretly. 2 7 . Surveillance camera (noun) - security camera. 2 8 . Traffic jam (noun) - a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly. 2 9 . Kindle – a wireless device made for reading e-books.

3 0 . determiner (noun) - a word such as the, some, my, etc. that comes before. 3 1 . Joke - something that you say or do to make people laugh, for example a funny story that you tell. 3 2 . Male (adjective) - describes men or boys. 3 3 . grammar (noun)- the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into

sentences. 3 4 . Unwanted (adjective) - that you do not want. 3 5 . Chain messages - a message sent to several people asking them to send them on to more people. 3 6 . Insult (noun) - a remark or an action that is said or done in order to offend sb. 3 7 . Spammer - a person or company that sends spam (unwanted email). 3 8 . As far as I’m concerned (idiom) - used to give your personal opinion on sth.

3 9 . Hug (noun) - an act of putting your arms around sb and holding them tightly, especially to show that

you like or love them. 4 0 . In advance (idiom) - before the time that is expected; before sth happens. 4 1 . Message board (noun) - a place on a website where a user can write or read messages. 4 2 . Thus (adverb) - in this way; like this. 4 3 . Real time (noun) - the fact that there is only a very short time between a computer system receiving

information and dealing with it. 4 4 . Whenever (conjunction) - at any time that; on any occasion that; every time that. 4 5 . Confused (adjective) - unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening or what sb is

saying; not clear or easy to understand. 4 6 . Equivalent (adjective) - equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.; similar. 4 7 . Oral (adjective) - spoken rather than written: 4 8 . Format (noun) - the general arrangement, plan, design, etc. of sth. 4 9 . Visual aid (noun) - a picture, video, etc. used in teaching to help people to learn or understand sth. 5 0 . Versatility (nouns) – the ability to do many different things: 5 1 . Ease of use (adjective) – with lack of difficulty. 5 2 . Audience (noun) - the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert,

sb speaking, etc.). 5 3 . Surely (adverb)- without doubt; certainly. 5 4 . Invisible (adjective) - that cannot be seen. 5 5 . Beforehand (adverb) - earlier; before sth else happens or is done 5 6 . Willingly - ready or pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded; done or given in an

enthusiastic way.

VERBS: 5 7 . to precede / ed - to happen before sth or come before sth/sb in order. 5 8 . to cheat /ed - to be unfaithful to your husband, wife, or sexual partner by secretly having a sexual

relationship with someone else. 5 9 . To catch somebody red-handed / caught - to catch sb in the act of doing sth wrong. 6 0 . to implant /ed – to put sth (usually sth artificial) into a part of the body 6 1 . to proofread / proofread, proofread - to read and correct a piece of written or printed work. 6 2 . To enable / ed - to make it possible for sb to do sth. 6 3 . To interact /ed - to communicate with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time with them. 6 4 . To post /ed – to send a letter, email or question. 6 5 . To reply / replied, replied – answer to a question. 6 6 . To tailor /ed - to make or adapt sth for a particular purpose, a particular person, etc. 6 7 . To deceive / ed - to make sb believe sth that is not true; to make sb have a wrong idea about sb/

sth. 6 8 . To minimize / ed - to reduce sth, especially sth bad, to the lowest possible level.

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS 6 9 . To get mixed up / got , got (gotten) – to get confused 7 0 . To keep one’s eyes open / kept, kept – to be attentive 7 1 . To make up one’s mind / made, made – to decide 7 2 . To rush into things /ed – to act too quickly 7 3 . to leaf through / ed - to quickly turn over the pages of a book, etc. without reading them or looking

at them carefully 7 4 . to stand by / stood, stood (idiom) - to help sb or be friends with them, even in difficult situations. 7 5 . To put (something )across / put, put - to communicate your ideas, feelings, etc. successfully to sb.

7 6 . REVIEW 2 7 7 . Freely (adverb) - without anyone trying to prevent or control sth. 7 8 . Sensible (adjective) - (of people and their behavior) able to make good judgements based on reason

and experience rather than emotion; practical. 7 9 . Allergy (noun) - a medical condition that causes you to react badly or feel ill / sick when you eat or

touch a particular substance.