University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

POL 1025

Fall 2014

INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL POLITICS Professor Ronald R. Krebs 1233 Social Sciences [email protected] telephone: 612-624-4356

Class: Mon., Wed., 11:15 a.m. – 12:30 p.m., 250 Anderson Hall Office Hours: Wed., 9:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m., or by appointment

Teaching Assistant Bryan Nakayama (Lead TA) 1273 Social Sciences email: [email protected] office hours: Tues. & Thurs., 1:30 pm – 2:30 pm, or by appt.

David Temin 680 Social Sciences email: [email protected] office hours: Mon. & Wed., 12:45 pm – 1:45 pm, or by appt.

THE LEAD TEACHING ASSISTANT SHOULD BE YOUR FIRST POINT OF CONTACT FOR ALL QUESTIONS THAT DO NOT HAVE TO DO WITH THE SUBSTANCE OF THIS CLASS. QUESTIONS REGARDING THE CLASS MATERIAL MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE INSTRUCTOR OR TO EITHER TA AT ANY TIME. COURSE DESCRIPTION In 1990 President George H.W. Bush proclaimed that the United States would lead a multinational alliance to forge a “new world order.” A little over ten years later, President George W. Bush sought to craft a multinational alliance against “terrorists of global reach,” promising to “smoke ’em out and hunt ’em down.” In the wake of the Cold War, the world seemed poised on the edge of an unprecedented era of international peace. By the turn of the millennium and especially after the tragic events of September 11, 2001, such heady optimism was but a dim memory. While the industrialized West has constituted a zone of peace, the two decades since the end of the Cold War have brought ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Kosovo, genocide in Rwanda and arguably Darfur (Sudan), failed humanitarian intervention in Somalia and success (of sorts) in Libya, cycles of hope followed by disappointment in Israel-Palestine, continued bloodshed and chaos in subSaharan Africa, nuclear standoffs between India and Pakistan, occasional crises in the Taiwan Strait and Northeast Asia, bloody wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and Syria, the destruction wreaked by al-Qaeda and (loosely) affiliated groups around the world, and the explosion known as the Arab Spring. The last twenty years, since the end of the Cold War, have seen tremendous gains in economic productivity and wealth and public health, increasing globalization of the means of production, and immense technological progress, but it also brought monetary meltdowns in Russia and East Asia, economic crises across Latin America, and a mixed record on common environmental challenges. Most recently, the global economy has imploded, as risky mortgage investments went belly-up and then sovereign debt levels got out of hand. The reverberations are still being felt around the world, and the ramifications for global politics remain, as yet, unclear. We are living in an immensely complex time, and, through the constant swirl of events, it is often hard to see the deeper processes making the world around us. One might be tempted to conclude that the more things change, the more they stay the same. There’s some truth in that, but only a partial truth. This course will be devoted to analyzing how things have changed and how they have stayed the same in global politics. It will examine the perennial problems of international politics and how recent trends have transformed their dynamics. The course will explore, among other issues, the causes of war and peace, the limited use of force, humanitarian intervention, nuclear proliferation, nationalist conflict, international ethics, the politics of international trade and finance, foreign aid, globalization, the prospects for environmental cooperation and human rights norms, migration and refugees, terrorism, and the future of world politics.

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Students will be introduced to theoretical traditions, but the course will focus primarily on explaining and understanding current and historical problems and cases in world politics. (For a more theoretical course, see POL 3835, International Relations.) By the end of the term, students should be familiar with all these issues and others, should have developed their own views on these controversial questions, and should be able to apply basic analytical frameworks and tools to answer them. REQUIREMENTS Readings. The weekly reading load is 50-70 pages. All assigned readings should be completed before the lecture. Lectures will at times use current events as illustrations. You are strongly encouraged to read regularly the international section of a major daily newspaper, such as the New York Times or the Washington Post. These are available for free on-line via the University of Minnesota Libraries or, at substantially reduced rates for students, by subscription. Preparation and Participation. Learning cannot be passive. It requires students to engage actively with this course’s ideas and readings, to apply this course’s concepts to debates about contemporary international affairs, and to argue with each other. There will be a lot of us in the room, but we can still have great conversations—in groups small and large. But none of that will work unless everyone comes to class, does the reading, reflects on the reading, shares their thoughts, and listens to others. Assignments. This course will have two (2) midterm exams, a final exam, and several short papers/quizzes/web-based assignments. • The first midterm exam will cover all class meetings (and corresponding readings) held between September 3 and October 13. There will be an in-class midterm review on October 13, and other review sessions TBA. • The second midterm exam will cover all class meetings (and corresponding readings) held between October 20 and November 19. Review session(s) TBA. • The final exam will be cumulative and will require you to integrate ideas explored throughout the course. But it will have somewhat greater emphasis on class meetings and corresponding readings from the second midterm, December 1 through December 10. • Details regarding the exams’ structure and the instructor’s expectations will be presented in class as the exams approach. • There will be one short paper (due October 8, as noted on the syllabus), as well as a number of other less burdensome assignments (details to come). • There will be some to-be-determined number of online reading quizzes, to be administered through the course website. Quizzes based on the reading assigned for a given class must be completed by the start of class and will not be available thereafter. The quizzes will be password protected, and the password will be given out only in the preceding class. • The instructor also reserves the right to administer quizzes in any class meeting on the reading. Late Papers. Papers submitted past the due date will be accepted, but with a penalty (terms indicated on the assignment). Should you have an unanticipated emergency that causes you to submit the paper late, contact the instructor or lead TA as soon as possible by email. If you provide adequate documentation, the penalty will be waived. Make-up Exams. Make-up exams will not be offered except in rare circumstances. Should you have an unanticipated emergency that causes you to miss the scheduled exam, contact the instructor as soon as possible by email to explain your absence and schedule a make-up exam. If you provide adequate documentation, the penalty will be waived.

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GRADING Midterm 1: Midterm 2: Final Exam: Other (participation, quizzes):

20% 20% 40% 20%

MISCELLANY Academic Dishonesty. Academic dishonesty is broadly defined as submitting work that is not your own without attribution, and it is not acceptable in this or any other course. Any academic dishonesty found on any assignments will result in an F for that assignment and will be prosecuted to the fullest extent permissible under the University’s guidelines. For further guidance on what constitutes academic dishonesty, see http://www1.umn.edu/oscai/integrity/student/index.html. Student Disabilities. Any student with a documented disability and who needs to arrange reasonable accommodations for exams and lectures should contact the instructor and Disability Services (6-1333, [email protected], http://ds.umn.edu/) at the beginning of the semester. READINGS The following books are required. They have been ordered for purchase at the University bookstore in the Coffman Memorial Union. These are custom editions: I’ve selected only portions of these textbooks, and the publisher has printed only those portions—which saves you money. That does mean, however, that these books are available for purchase only at Coffman; you will not find these editions online (though you can order the full textbook at greater cost online). • Joseph S. Nye, Jr., and David A. Welch, Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to Theory and History (Longman, 8th edition). • Jeffry A. Frieden, et al., World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions (Norton, 2nd edition). All other required readings are located on University Libraries’ E-Reserves site, which can be accessed through a link at the course web-site, or directly at reserves.lib.umn.edu. Some of these files are large: if you do not have a high-speed connection at home, you should access them while you are on campus and then read them on screen (take good notes!), download them to a flash drive, and/or print them out. If you have any problems accessing the course web-site or the e-reserves site, please let the lead TA know immediately. COURSE WEB-SITE Students registered for this class may access the course web-site through their MyU portal (www.myu.umn.edu). If you have any problems accessing the course web-site, please let the lead TA know immediately. On the web-site, you will find: • the syllabus • lecture outlines (which will, as a rule, be posted by 11:30 p.m. on the preceding evening) • handouts and select overheads • required readings not available in the required textbook You should check the web-site regularly, as I will often post announcements and articles of interest there.

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STANDARD STATEMENT ON COURSE REQUIREMENTS POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT (Note: For further information, please see the University “Classroom, Grading, and Examination Procedures” brochure online at: http://www.cla.umn.edu/cgep/) 1. The two grading systems used are the ABCDF and S-N. Political Science majors must take political science courses on the ABCDF system; non-majors may use either system. In all political science courses the bottom line for the S grade is the equivalent of the C- grade; in other words, what is normally considered as D level work will be assigned a grade of N on the S-N system. All students, regardless of the system used, will be expected to do all work assigned in the course, or its equivalent as determined by the instructor. 2. The instructor will specify the conditions, if any, under which an “Incomplete” will be assigned instead of a grade. No student has an automatic right to an I. The instructor may set dates and conditions for makeup of work, if it is to be allowed. The Department of Political Science administers a general make-up exam every quarter for students who have written permission from the Instructor to make up a missed final examination. Inquire at the Undergraduate Advising office (1482 Social Sciences) for the date scheduled for the make-up. 3. Inquiries regarding any change of grade should be directed to the instructor of the course. A student who alleges unfairness on the part of an instructor is entitled to file a grievance with the Department’s Grievance Committee. 4. Students are responsible for class attendance and all course requirements, including deadlines and examinations. The instructor will specify if class attendance is required or counted in the grade for the class. 5. The College does not permit a student to submit extra work in an attempt to raise his or her grade, unless the Instructor has specified at the outset of the class such opportunities afforded to all students. 6. The College has defined scholastic misconduct broadly as “any act that violates the rights of another student in academic work or that involves misrepresentation of your own work.” Scholastic dishonesty includes (but is not necessarily limited to): cheating on assignments or examinations; plagiarizing, which means misrepresenting as your own work any part of work done by another; submitting the same paper, or substantially similar papers, to meet the requirements of more than one course without the approval and consent of all instructors concerned; depriving another student of necessary course materials; or interfering with another student's work. Instructors may define additional standards beyond these. Further information is available at http://www1.umn.edu/regents/policies/academic/Student_Conduct_Code.pdf 7. Students with disabilities that affect their ability to participate fully in class or to meet all course requirements are encouraged to bring this to the attention of the instructor so that appropriate accommodations can be arranged. Further information is available at the Disability Services website: http://ds.umn.edu/ 8. University policy prohibits sexual harassment as defined in the 12/11/1998 policy statement. The full statement is available at: http://www1.umn.edu/regents/policies/humanresources/SexHarassment.html Complaints about sexual harassment should be reported to the University Office of Equal Opportunity at 419 Morrill Hall. 9. As a student you may experience a range of issues that can cause barriers to learning, such as strained relationships, increased anxiety, alcohol/drug problems, feeling down, difficulty concentrating and/or lack of motivation. These mental health concerns or stressful events may lead to diminished academic performance or reduce a student’s ability to participate in daily activities. University of Minnesota services are available to assist you with addressing these and other concerns you may be experiencing. You can learn more about the broad range of confidential mental health services available on campus via the Student Mental Health Website at http://www.mentalhealth.umn.edu/

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CLASS SCHEDULE AND READING ASSIGNMENTS Sept. 3

Introduction: What is global politics? What is theory? Why must we think theoretically? • Nye and Welch, pp. 1-20, 55-56, 65-68. • Jack Snyder, “One World, Rival Theories,” Foreign Policy, No. 145 (Nov./ Dec. 2004), pp. 53-62.

I. INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: SYSTEMS AND UNITS

Sept. 8, 10

What is the international system? Where did states come from? Is the state on its way out? • Nye and Welch, pp. 33-55, 239-245. • Frieden et al., pp. 448-450. • Paul Pillar, “The Age of Nationalism,” National Interest (Sept./Oct. 2013), pp. 9-19. Further Reading • Gianfranco Poggi, The Development of the Modern State (1978). • Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States (1992). • Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy (1999). • Thomas L. Friedman, The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (2005).

II. WHY WAR? WHY PEACE? Sept. 15, 17

Do wars occur even though no one wants them, or because states are thirsty for power? Can trade and international institutions promote peace? • Nye and Welch, pp. 56-63 (realism and liberalism), 71-86 (balance of power, etc.), 245-253 (interdependence). • Richard Katz, “Mutual Assured Production: Why Trade Will Limit Conflict Between China and Japan,” Foreign Affairs (July/Aug. 2013), pp. 18-24. Further Reading • Michael Doyle, Ways of War and Peace (1997), Parts I and II. • Kenneth N. Waltz, “The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory,” in Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb, The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars (1988), pp. 39-52. • John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001). • Bruce M. Russett and John R. Oneal, Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations (2001). • G. John Ikenberry and Anne-Marie Slaughter, et al., Forging a World of Liberty Under Law: U.S. National Security in The 21st Century (Princeton Project on National Security, 2006), pp. 11-32.

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Sept. 22, 24

Are democracies peace-loving? Do nameless bureaucrats drive states to war? Are decision-makers the slaves of psychology, pathology, and passion? • Ivo Daalder and James Lindsay, “Democracies of the World, Unite,” The American Interest 2:3 (Feb. 2007). • Thomas Carothers, “A League of Their Own,” Foreign Policy (July/Aug. 2008), pp. 44-49. • Daniel Kahneman and Jonathan Renshon, “Why Hawks Win,” Foreign Policy (Jan./Feb. 2007), pp. 34-38. • Robert Sapolsky, “A Natural History of Peace,” Foreign Affairs (Jan./Feb. 2006), pp. 104-120. Further Reading • Michael Doyle, Ways of War and Peace (1997), Part II. • Charles Lipson, Reliable Partners: How Democracies Have Made a Separate Peace (2003). • Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2nd ed. (1999). • Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in International Politics (1976).

Sept. 29

How do battles of ideas and rhetoric make war—and peace—possible? • Patrick Thaddeus Jackson and Joshua S. Jones, “Constructivism,” in Richard Devetak, et al., An Introduction to International Relations, 2nd ed. (2012), pp. 104-118. Further Reading • Alexander Wendt, “Anarchy is What States Make of It,” International Organization 46 (1992), pp. 391-425. • Nina Tannenwald, The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons since 1945 (2007).

Oct. 1, 6

Debating (Ancient) History: The Origins of World War I • Nye and Welch, pp. 86-100. • David Stevenson, Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Tragedy (2004), chapter 1, “The Destruction of Peace,” pp. 3-36. Further Reading • Hew Strachan, The First World War (2003). • Margaret MacMillan, The War that Ended the Peace: The Road to 1914 (2014). • Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (2014). • David Reynolds, The Long Shadow: The Legacies of the Great War in the Twentieth Century (2014).

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Oct. 8

Debating the Future: What does the rise of China mean for the world? Is war obsolete? Paper (5 pp.) due by start of class on 10/8. Topic and instructions to be distributed on 10/1. To be read for paper and class • Elbridge Colby and Paul Lettow, “Have We Hit Peak America? The Sources of US Power and the Path to National Renaissance,” Foreign Policy (July/Aug. 2014), pp. 56-63. • Minxin Pei, “Everything You Think You Know About China is Wrong,” Foreign Policy, 29 August 2012. • Robert Ross, “The Problem with the Pivot,” Foreign Affairs (Nov./Dec. 2012), pp. 70-82. • Aaron L. Friedberg, “Bucking Beijing: An Alternative U.S. China Policy,” Foreign Affairs (Sept./Oct. 2012), pp. 48-58. • Andrew J. Nathan and Andrew Scobell, “How China Sees America,” Foreign Affairs (Sept./Oct. 2012), pp. 32-47. To be read for class • Steven Pinker, “A History of Violence,” The New Republic, 20 March 2007. Further Reading • Thomas J. Christensen, “Fostering Stability or Creating a Monster? The Rise of China and U.S. Policy Toward East Asia,” International Security 31:1 (summer 2006). • Alastair Iain Johnston, “Is China a Status Quo Power?” International Security 27:4 (spring 2003) pp. 5-56. • Susan Shirk, China: Fragile Superpower: How China’s Internal Politics Could Derail its Peaceful Rise (2006). • Human Security Report Project, Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Shrinking Costs of War, http://www.hsrgroup.org/human-security-reports/20092010/text.aspx. • Robert Jervis, “Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace,” American Political Science Review 96:1 (March 2002), pp. 1-14.

End of Material for Midterm I Oct. 13

In-Class Midterm Review

Oct. 15

MIDTERM I

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III. CONFLICT AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ORDER

Oct. 20, 22

Should we worry much about preventing the spread of nuclear weapons? Debate: Can the world live with an Iranian bomb? • William Langewiesche, “How to Get a Nuclear Bomb,” Atlantic (Dec. 2006), pp. 80-98. • John Mueller, “Think Again: Nuclear Weapons,” Foreign Policy (Jan./Feb. 2010). • Matthew Kroening, “Time to Attack Iran: Why a Strike is the Least Bad Option,” Foreign Affairs (Jan./Feb. 2012), pp. 76-86. • Paul Pillar, “We Can Live with a Nuclear Iran,” Washington Monthly (March/April 2012). Further Reading • McGeorge Bundy, Danger and Survival (1988). • Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, 2nd ed. (2003).

Oct. 27, 29

Why do civil wars take place? Can outsiders prevent them—or even much limit their human cost? Can the United Nations keep the peace? Debate: When, if ever, should the United States or the global community consider military intervention for humanitarian ends? NB: When reading about Rwanda, don’t sweat the details. Focus on: Why does communal conflict occur? Why did the West and the UN do next-to-nothing? • Nye and Welch, pp. 181-205. • Richard K. Betts, “The Delusion of Impartial Intervention,” Foreign Affairs (Nov./Dec. 1994), pp. 20-33. • Samantha Power, “Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen,” Atlantic (Sept. 2001), pp. 84-108. • Lydia Polgreen, “Massacre Unfurls in Congo, Despite Nearby Support,” New York Times, 11 Dec. 2008. • “Soldiers of Misfortune,” Foreign Policy (May/June 2009). • Jon Western and Joshua Goldstein, “Humanitarian Intervention Comes of Age,” Foreign Affairs (Nov./Dec. 2011), pp. 48-59. Further Reading • Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide (2003). • Alan Kuperman, The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda (2001). • Gary J. Bass, Freedom’s Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention (2008). • UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, www.un.org/en/peacekeeping • V. Page Fortna, Does Peacekeeping Work? (2008).

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Nov. 3,5

Why do some embrace terrorism? Does terrorism work? How can and should states counter terrorist threats? Debate: How much homeland security do we need? • Fareed Zakaria, “The Jihad Against the Jihadis,” Newsweek, 22 February 2010. • Ty McCormick, “Al Qaeda Core,” Foreign Policy (Mar./Apr. 2014), pp. 2627. • Scott Atran and Robert Axelrod, “Why We Talk to Terrorists,” New York Times, 29 June 2010. • Mark Bowden, “The Killing Machines: How To Think About Drones,” Atlantic (Sept. 2013), pp. 58-70. • Benjamin Friedman, “Think Again: Homeland Security,” Foreign Policy (July/Aug. 2005), pp. 22-28. Further Reading • Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (2006). • Timothy Naftali, Blind Spot: The Secret History of American Counterterrorism (2005). • John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart, “The Terrorism Delusion: America’s Overwrought Response to September 11,” International Security 37:1 (summer 2012), pp. 81110.

IV. POLITICS AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Nov. 10, 12

What are the key pillars of the international trading, financial, and monetary systems? What are the political underpinnings of that global economic order? How is it changing, and why? • Frieden et al., pp. 264-303, 313-337, 351-384 (optional: 306-311, 337-349). Further Reading • Jeffry A. Frieden, Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century (2007). • Elhanan Helpman, Understanding Global Trade (2011). • Barry Eichengreen, Exorbitant Privilege: The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System (2011). • William I. Robinson, Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Humanity (2014).

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Nov. 17, 19

Who’s to blame for global inequality? Is there anything to be done? • Frieden et al., pp. 386-418. • Shantayanan Devarajan and Wolfgang Fengler, “Africa’s Economic Boom,” Foreign Affairs (May/June 2013), pp. 68-81. • William Easterly, “The Utopian Nightmare,” Foreign Policy (Sept./Oct. 2005), pp. 58-64. Further Reading • Joseph E. Stiglitz, Making Globalization Work (2007). • Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It (2008). • Charles Kenny, Getting Better: Why Global Development is Succeeding—and How We Can Improve the World Even More (2011). • Jeffrey Sachs, The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time (2006). • William Easterly, The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good (2006). • Jessica Cohen and William Easterly, eds., What Works in Development? Thinking Big and Thinking Small (2009).

Nov. 24

Midterm II

Nov. 26

NO CLASS – THANKSGIVING – Give thanks for a break from Krebs!

V. A NEW WORLD ORDER?

Dec. 1

Why is international law spreading and international regulation thickening? Are they making the world a better place? Where did “human rights” come from? How is it changing our world? • Frieden et al., pp. 421-450. • Eric Posner, “Think Again: International Law,” Foreign Policy (September 2009). • Kathryn Sikkink, “Making Tyrants Do Time,” New York Times, 15 September 2011. • Eric Posner, “Why the US Shouldn’t Sign on to Empty Human Rights Treaties,” Slate.com, 21 December 2012. Further Reading • Louis Henkin, How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy (1979). • Jack Goldsmith and Eric Posner, The Limits of International Law (2005). • Kathryn Sikkink, The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions are Changing World Politics (2011).

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Dec. 3

Why can’t we seem to prevent the world from going to environmental hell? • Frieden et al., pp. 492-524 (if you’re a climate-change skeptic, pp. 526-533). • Stephan Faris, “The Real Roots of Darfur,” Atlantic (April 2007), pp. 67-69. Further Reading • Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science, 13 December 1968, pp. 1243-48. • Thomas Homer-Dixon, Environment, Scarcity, and Violence (2001). • American Association for the Advancement of Science, What We Know: The Reality, Risks and Response to Climate Change (2013). • Bjorn Lomborg, “Environmental Alarmism, Then and Now,” Foreign Affairs (July/Aug 2012), 24-40. For a smart skeptic’s take.

Dec. 8

Is demography destiny? • Nicholas Eberstadt, “The Demographic Future: What Population Growth – and Decline – Means for the Global Economy,” Foreign Affairs (Nov./Dec. 2010), pp. 54-64. • Phillip Longman, “Think Again: Global Aging,” Foreign Policy (Nov. 2010), pp. 54-58. Further Reading • Mark Haas, “A Geriatric Peace? The Future of U.S. Power in a World of Aging Populations,” International Security 32:1 (summer 2007), pp. 112-147.

Dec. 10

What does the future of world politics hold? **These different perspectives will, in addition to the course readings throughout the term, help prepare you for the final essay question, which will be distributed in one of the class’ final sessions.** • U.S. National Intelligence Council, Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds (December 2012), pp. iii-xiv. • Fareed Zakaria, “The Rise of the Rest,” Newsweek, 12 May 2008. • G. John Ikenberry, “The Future of the Liberal World Order,” Foreign Affairs (May/June 2011), pp. 56-68. • Stewart Patrick, “The Unruled World: The Case for Good Enough Global Governance,” Foreign Affairs (Jan./Feb. 2014), pp. 58-73.

FINAL EXAM — Thursday, Dec. 18 — 1:30 p.m. – 3:30 pm (usual location: 250 Anderson Hall).