MINUTES OF COMMITTEE MEETING ANB45 Occupant Protection Committee/Safety and Systems User Group Tuesday, January 24, 2012 TRB meeting, Washington, D.C. 1. Attendance: (52) Members: 29 CoChairs/Secretary (3): Betty Mercer, Committee Co‐Chair (Mercer Consulting Group, LLC); JoAnn Wells, Co‐ Chair (IIHS); Joyce Pressley, Committee Secretary (Columbia University). Members (22): Neil Chaudhary (PRG Inc.); Stephanie Davis (NTSB); Larry Decina (TransAnalytics, LLC); T. Bella Dinh‐Zarr (FIA Foundation); David Eby (UMTRI); Yoassry Elzohairy (Ministry of Transportation, Ontario); Raphael Grzebieta (NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre); Bill Hall (UNC Highway Safety Research Ctr); Barbara Harsha (GHSA); Brian Jonah (CCMTA); Scott Miller (Toyota); Mehdi Nassirpour (IDOT); James Nichols (Nichols and Assoc); Adele Polson (WESTAT, Inc.); Ruth Shults (CDC); Marc Starnes (NHTSA); Maria Vegega (NHTSA); Lorrie Walker (Safe Kids Worldwide); Eleanor Walters (Clemson University); Jerry Wekezer (Florida A&M); Masha Wilson (Nevada Department of Public Safety); Charles Wright (Clyburn Transportation, SC State). Young Members (4): Kelly Donoughe (Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC); Jessica Jermakian (IIHS); Bevan Kirley (UNC Highway Safety Research Center); Jean‐Francois Lecuyer (Transport Canada); Friends/nonmembers: (22) Cynthia Augustine (RTI International);George Bahouth (Impact Research); James Bean (NHTSA); Cezary Bojanowski (Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center); Mike Brown (NHTSA); Emily Burkhardt (Westat); Linda Cosgrove (NHTSA); Angela Eichelberger (IIHS); Thomas Fugger (ARB, Inc.); Mary Hinch (NHTSA);Shawn Kildare (Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety); Amy Kominski (Westat); Ronald Kulak (Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center); Garrett Mattos (Transportation and Road Safety Research, UNSW); Kristin Poland (NTSB); Erin Sauber‐Schatz (CDC); Chiara Silvestri (Texas Transportation Institute); Sandy Sinclair (NHTSA); Mark Solomon (Preusser Research Group Inc.); Barry Stephens (Trinity); Charles Vits (Safeguard/IMMI); Katie Womack (Texas Transportation Institute). TRB staff (1): Rick Pain 2. Agenda. The meeting agenda is available at: http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/docs/ANB45_2012AnnualMeetingAgenda_Final.pdf 3. Minutes. The minutes of the July 26, 2011 mid‐year committee meeting were approved. These are available at: http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/docs/MeetingMinutes_ANB45_2011_MidYear.pdf 4. Introductions. JoAnn Wells requested that all attendees introduce themselves and state the organization with which they are affiliated. She noted the committee had 13 new members this year. 5. Rollover Subcommittee Report. Raphael Grezbieta reported on the Rollover Subcommittee member activities and several initiatives related to advancing the science and understanding of rollover crashes. • The half‐day subcommittee meeting was held on Sunday, January 22, 2012 and included 5‐6 presentations on crash rollovers. Additional details are available in the minutes available at http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/rollover/minutes.cfm Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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The IIHS rating system for roof strength has been adopted in Australia and is being implemented in phases. Work is continuing toward developing an improved dummy for use in assessing human injury in crash rollovers. Raph noted that litigation related to head injury in the U.S. skewed the approach to rollover research. New data in this area suggests that injury from rollover is fairly evenly distributed across head (30%), thorax (30%), and spine (30%). He noted that crash dummies may not be picking up head injuries properly. This is currently being addressed at the University of Virginia where work in occupant kinetics and biokinetics aims to develop a more sophisticated crash dummy that better addresses the rollover aspect of crashes. Data collection related to crashes and rollovers is being threatened in Europe. This is a big concern as collection facilities are being closed due to the economy‐based struggles with financing. One reason for concern over loss of data is that European rollovers tend to have different characteristics than those in the U.S. and Australia. In Europe, they are more likely to be of a longitudinal nature and to occur as a result of vehicles traveling up an embankment. There is potential for a possible collaborative effort between the rollover committee and ANB20 Roadside Barriers. There are some crash simulations being conducted of vehicles hitting barriers. Researchers at George Washington University are doing both rollovers and barriers. Raph announced several upcoming conferences that will have features related to occupant safety and rollovers—the barriers/road side midyear committee is being held on July 29th in Irvine, CA; one in Milan, Italy; the Occupational Safety in Transport Conference being held at the Crowne Plaza Gold Coast in Australia from September 20‐21st, 2012; and the 20th International Council on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety Conference in August 2013 in Brisbane, Australia.
6. Review and Preview‐‐ANB45 Sponsored or Cosponsored Sessions for Annual Meeting. JoAnn reported that the two sessions, sponsored by ANB45, that have been held thus far have been very successful. One podium and one poster session have been held and two more are scheduled for this afternoon. • The vehicle crash avoidance technology podium session garnered a sizable audience with over 50 attendees. It was organized by Jessica Jermakian (IIHS) who presented a summary of the session. • She noted that one speaker could not make it, but that there were presentations from Ann McCartt (IIHS), Doug Longhitano (Honda Research and Development) and Jeff Greenberg (Ford). • Raph suggested that this be a continuing ongoing topic presented at future ANB45 meetings. • The ANB45 sponsored poster session titled “Making a difference in occupant protection: Research findings” was a success and contained some interesting posters. One poster (Using laws, enforcement and sanctions to increase seatbelt use) was a no show. JoAnn announced that we will attempt to address this in future meetings by contacting poster presenters in advance to ascertain whether anyone is having travel funding difficulties and to offer for us to receive a poster shipment from anyone unable to attend unexpectedly at the last minute. We would then mount it at the appropriate time thereby avoiding blank poster boards due to persons unable to attend for financial reasons. Rick Pain mentioned later in the meriting that TRB wants presenters to be at their posters. • She announced our remaining ANB45 sponsored conference sessions. Dr. Dave Eby (UMTRI) organized a session on Tuesday afternoon titled “Using naturalistic driving techniques to study occupant protection issues: Cutting‐edge research.” The session will consist of several presentations representing work from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, The University of Michigan and Monash University in Australia. The session is expected to include presentations titled: “Teenage safety belt use during first 18 months of licensure: naturalistic teenage driving study”; “Analysis of naturalistic driving data to assess safety belt use in commercial vehicle operations”; “Explaining seat belt use among part‐time users,” and “Child occupant safety: Challenges of the toddler.” Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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The second session, cosponsored with the Truck and Bus Safety Committee (ANB70), titled “Motorcoach occupant protection” is also being held on Tuesday following the naturalistic driving session. It was planned by Kristin Poland and Barbara Czech, both of the NTSB. This session will have 4 presentations from NHTSA, NTSB, IMMI and Prevost, Canada. NHTSA will report on their programs for motorcoach occupant protection, the NTSB on their investigations of motorcoach crashes, IMMI on passenger safety seating with Prevost providing an industry perspective.
7. Research Needs. Larry Decina, ANB45 Research Coordinator, provided an overview of the Research Needs Database and related activities. • TRB held a meeting on Sunday of research coordinators of all committees. This may become a routine meeting of coordinators each year. TRB has arranged for support for the research needs database. Larry says it takes about 8 to 10 hours per year to manage the research needs. • TRB is developing an archive feature for old research needs statements. Under this strategy, old or completed research would be archived rather than thrown out. • Larry said his exposure to other committees and how they handle their research needs data base gave him the sense that our committee is further advanced in its approach than many other committees. • The object of the research needs database is to identify needed research and possibly interest funding sources as well as encouraging cross group research. He suggested that some of the research needs listed in the database could be tied to the Triennial Strategic Plan (TSP). • There was discussion on Larry’s comment regarding why researchers should make their research ideas and funding needs public. He noted that some researchers do not want to give that information out to the world. Raph said it increases resources if everyone lists their ideas. It was noted that when a research need is listed, there is a category to select possible funding sources. • Larry distributed the Committee’s current research needs database items which currently number 13. http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/research_problem_statements.cfm Please see Larry if you have changes or other information. • Larry extended a call to submit new research needs that are not listed in the current database. o Raph noted that rollover is a topic that needs to be added. He will solicit his group to develop need statements. o Jim Nichols noted that the last research need on restraints is on target. o Mark Starnes noted that the report on lives saved by child occupant restraints is out of date and that a new report needs to be prepared that considers new advances in automotive safety. Mark will write up a draft research needs statement and send it to Larry. o Raph recommended adding intelligent transport systems to research needs and offered to draft some language. o It was noted that work is being done to develop ratings/stars on cars and on roads. • The committee commended Larry for his exemplary work on activities related to coordinating the research needs database. 8. Committee Communications. Bill Hall serves as the ANB45 Communications Coordinator with assistance from Bevan Kirley. • TRB held a meeting for the committee communications coordinators during the annual meeting. TRB is attempting to increase communications along several fronts including among and between committees. • To this end, TRB distributed information to communications coordinators on several electronic tools. Bill noted that there was a strong presence of social media including Facebook and Twitter this year. ANB45 does not have a Facebook or Twitter page. • Bill extended an invitation for others to work with him on the webpage which is housed at HSRC. He created and maintains an email list. It is a one way list that he uses to send communications to two groups: members or to members and friends. Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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He noted that there is a new TRB initiative—TRB Central or TRB Portal. It is under development. Details are expected to be forthcoming. He expects that it will be useful in the future—it will contain links to different content including reports and other resources of interest to this committee. Users will be able to set up search terms and queries. Betty Mercer noted that we have never done a committee newsletter. Young member, Kelly Marie Donoughe, expressed an interest in taking the lead to start one. The Chairs thanked Bill Hall and Bevan Kirley for work on communications and the website.
9. Young Members Council (YMC). Bevan serves as both the Safety and Systems Users Group representative and the ANB45 committee representative to the Young Members Council, a new TRB initiative that began in fall 2011. • In the TRB structure, the YMC serves just below the Executive Committee at the Technical Activities Council level and above the Group, Section, Standing Committee and Subcommittee levels, respectively. • Bevan reported that TRB is organized into 11 areas with 9 of the 11 areas having YMC represented. (Marine and Legal do not have YMC.) • Activities of the YMC include a mentorship program, recognition of young members, and several events this year at the Annual TRB meeting. The events included a reception, a session on building professional networks and a young members’ roundtable. • All transportation professionals in the TRB community can become involved with YMC, but it is aimed at young professionals aged 35 years and younger. • An YMC mentoring component provides an avenue for all ages of transportation professionals to become involved. The mentoring component will attempt to match up experienced members and young members. • YMC has a new dynamic website (http://ymc.groupsite.com ). To become involved, one should create a profile. The website includes forums, discussion groups, and file sharing. Young members can post questions and get answers. Ideally, mentors will also log in and weigh in on questions. One aim is to grow young membership. A handout was provided with more details. Her handout can be viewed at: http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/docs/Kirley_YoungMemberCouncil_Handout_2012‐02‐24.pdf 10. Paper Review Report. Committee Member Vinod Vasudevan provided Betty Mercer with a report to share on the year’s paper review activities as he was unable to attend the annual meeting this year. • In summary, ANB45 received a total of 15 papers with 8 of these being on rollover crash. Of the 15, two (2) were for presentation only and 13 were submitted for both presentation and publication. • In August, 5 reviewers were assigned to each paper. On‐time reviews were completed by 75% of reviewers. Many papers were sent back for re‐review. • One ANB45 paper was accepted for publication. • New committee members can express their interest in participating in the paper review process by emailing their contact information and area of expertise to Vinod. • When assigned to review a paper, reviewers are asked to respond promptly in order to assist the committee in meeting the many deadlines. 11. TRB Report. Rick Pain gave a report on TRB developments relevant to ANB45. • He introduced Dr. Ruth Shults who is a Captain in the Public Health Service. Dr. Shults will be a committee co chair in April when Betty leaves her position as co chair. Dr. Joyce Pressley will continue to serve as secretary. • Rick described the paper review process. He noted that there are two (2) kinds of podium sessions‐‐1 for presentations that do not involve submission of a paper and one for peer reviewed papers. Peer reviewed papers can be either podium or poster presentations. Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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There is a growing trend toward an increased number of posters being presented at TRB. This year 60% of the presentations at TRB were posters. He says many authors prefer posters. If the number of papers continues to increase, there will be more posters presented as there is not really more room for podium presentations. The publication deadline for receipt of final papers is February 2, 2012. He noted that next year is an inaugural year necessitating that the TRB meeting be held earlier. It will be held January 13‐17, 2013. Rick Pain presented Betty Mercer with an award signifying TRB’s appreciation of her service to the ANB45 Committee. She was honored for her years of service as chair and co chair and for her mentoring of other TRB members. She graciously accepted a certificate of appreciation.
12. Committee Presentations. Four presentations were delivered during the committee meeting by Larry Decina, Jim Nichols, Ellie Walters and Angela Eichelberger. A. Larry Decina—Transanalytics presented work performed under a NHTSA contract titled, “Examining alternate message‐framing strategies for child passenger safety: Overview”. • Questions following his presentation noted that the study involved a convenience sampling of 300‐400 participants across all demographics. • Information was gathered by having participants read the messages for 10 minutes followed by having them complete a survey. • As part of the study, information was collected on height and weight of the child being restrained. • Raph noted that Australia has been having some success in placing inspection stations in fast food chains including the American‐based chain, McDonald’s. • Larry Decina’s report on the methods and study findings is expected to be ready in early 2013. • http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/downloads/Decina_ExaminingCPSMessages_2012‐01‐24.pdf B. Jim Nichols of Nichols and Associates presented “Nighttime seatbelt use in high use states”. • He noted that although there is an overall daytime seatbelt use of 84% nationwide, for nighttime belt use where there were also high BAC’s, this number may be in the teens. • There was discussion following the presentation on how to accomplish higher nighttime seat belt use. • It was noted that Washington State committed all of its “Click It or Ticket” money to improving nighttime seatbelt use. • Discussion further highlighted the need to employ technology in improving seatbelt use. Technologies and strategies suggested included interlocks where if the driver has been drinking, the car will not start. If the driver’s seat belt is not fastened, there could be a governor that limits the car to lower speeds. • Maria Vegega commented on NHTSA efforts including improving enforcement of seat belt laws. Rural areas are particularly challenging. NHTSA tested using spotters vs. roving patrols in rural areas. • It was suggested that the committee further address nighttime seatbelt use as a future session topic. • http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/downloads/Nichols_NighttimeEnforcement_2012‐01‐24.pdf C. Ellie Walters of Clemson University Automotive Safety Research Institute (CUASRI) presented “Keeping kids safe in and around cars”. Her talk centered on research and education to reduce unsafe behaviors among parents and caregivers when transporting children. • CUASRI is working on a smart safety seat design system that analyzes threatening levels of interior and exterior temperatures using onboard sensors, actuators and logic control integrated to the seat system. • There is ongoing work to develop a child safety seat cooling system aimed at extending survival times. The Department of Mechanical Engineering is working with various ways to test vehicle temperatures using a compartment with temperature sensors to record how high and how quickly temperatures rise to harmful levels for infants and children. Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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Discussion centered on strategies to keep children safe from high temperatures in vehicles after they have been accidentally forgotten in vehicles. It was noted that some states have or are developing legislation in this area. The potential for the unintended consequence of people purposely leaving a child in the vehicle if there were such a cooling system was mentioned as an important issue to be considered. • Her talk can be found at: http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/downloads/Walters_Modeling&TestingCRSCoolingSystem_2012‐01‐24.pdf D. Angela Eichelberger, IIHS, presented the “Effects of booster seat laws on injury risk among children in crashes.” • She noted that amendments to existing child restraint laws adding booster seat requirement appear to be effective. • Placement of children in rear seats has increased. • The talk can be viewed at: http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/downloads/Eichelberger_EffectsOfBoosterSeatLaws_2012‐01‐24.pdf 13. Triennal Strategic Plan (TSP). Betty Mercer led the committee in a discussion of the draft Triennal Strategic Plan. • The purpose of the plan is to lay out the committee’s priorities and activities for the next 3 years and provide a roadmap for guidance of committee activities. The plan is completed by each committee every three years. • The format of the plan is set by TRB. It includes a future outlook statement (Section 1a) and 3 sections (1b, 1c and 2a) that form the roadmap. She requested that the committee discussion be limited to the 3 sections comprising the roadmap—Primary factors influencing the transportation community over the short term including cross cutting issues for 1‐3 years (Section 1b) and for 4‐7 years (Section 1c) and Section 2a on actions. • A first draft was provided by Betty with input from some subcommittee members http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/docs/ANB045_TriennialStrategicPlan_DRAFT_2012‐01‐10.pdf • Ruth expressed some concerns about the scope (Section 1a) as expressed in the future outlook statement. In particular, she was concerned about the broadness of scope‐‐ developing countries, economics, full scope of transportation modes—whether the current draft adequately addressed all aspects of the scope. It was noted that the committee had NTSB representation as well as members from industry. • Raph had concerns that the TSP sounded like it is focused on restraints when the committee is actually addressing broader issues. For Section 1b, Primary factors 1‐3 years Discussion was lively, tempered with questions on clarification of factors listed on the draft document as well as suggestions of additional items that should be considered. • It was again noted that the list is broad. There were comments that the list needed to be broad and that broad was good. • There were questions related to the focus and what is meant by naturalistic studies. Attendees answered –actual recording of driving behaviors using electronic devices. Behaviors under study include texting, driving drunk, sleeping and general behavior of drivers and passengers. An ANB45 sponsored session later this afternoon will cover more on naturalistic studies. • There was a question of clarification of the bullet “Encouragement to automakers to complete pre‐ competitive research.” It was stated that this was meant to encourage automakers to be proactive with safety pursuits rather than wait until NHTSA ruled. It was noted that 2 members are from automakers ‐‐ Ford and Toyota. Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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It was noted that we might need more relating to: o Cross cutting issues o Data availability –evaluation o NCAP crash ratings o Declining resources—we need to deal with that one o Evaluation of laws o Effect of CAFE standards, fuel economy o Electric vehicles o Alternative energy vehicles o Changing demographics—aging (comment ensued that this may not be our committee) o Issues related to increasing ownership and vehicle manufacturing in developing world o Economics factors in developed world Do we anticipate policy playing a role in next few years?
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For Section 2a. Plan for the next 3 years o Broaden second point on seatbelt reminder technologies to other technologies o Gear shift interlocks o Road interaction with occupant protections; safer vehicles, safer roads o Development of LATCH—motor vehicle and child restraint manufacturers o Biomechanics—more advanced crash dummies o Crash avoidance technology—cars and the roads, car to car and car to road communication o Advance seatbelt technology—inflatable belts etc. o Diverse communities—Meharry College o Interaction between behavioral and vehicle –seat belt airbags etc. o Suggestion to change point 2 to interlocks and alcohol o Need to address the manufacture of unsafe counterfeit child restraint systems in developing world • Section 2b. Crosscutting issues o Alcohol o Database development o Data accessibility o Comparison of urban vs. rural –lessons learned o Establish data linkages between data hospital, crash, vehicle etc o Development of advanced automatic crash notification and its effectiveness • Section 2c. Projects, activities and products It was suggested that we have among our products webinars and conference sessions. Raph will provide a couple of bullets for this section related to rollover crash worthiness. o Booster seat laws and promoting their use o Crash avoidance technology—possible webinar o Aging vehicles (people keep vehicles for 10 years) o Aging populations(baby boomers, aging population addressed in another committee; possible cross collaboration with relevant committees) o Aging passenger—occupants o Primary seatbelt laws for backseat occupants. Belt use is 10‐11% in backseat fatalities; focus is front seat occupants o Law enforcement— occupational safety, occupant safety o Strategies to increase young members
Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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Bella suggested cross fertilization with her global road safety sub committee– cars manufactured without safety devices known to be protective to drivers and occupants —example airbags and other features. Deadline for the TSP to be submitted to TRB has not been set, but is expected to be in the spring. The TSP subcommittee currently working on the document is Betty, Joyce, Bevan, Raph, and Ellie.
14. Mid‐year Meeting. JoAnn held a discussion and vote on dates, locations and topics for the mid‐year meeting. Two locations are being considered. • The TRB Keck center in DC is the traditional place for the meeting. If it is held there, TRB will handle the food and logistics including audiovisual. There is no registration fee. • The second option is at an IIHS crash test site in Ruckersville, Virginia, which is outside of Charlottesville. This site would enable IIHS to host a crash test and a day long meeting. Members would be responsible for their own transportation and lodging if needed, but IIHS would provide the funds to host the meeting including conference call facilities. • Concerns were expressed regarding whether we would have good attendance of government employees if it were held outside of D.C. It was noted that it is approximately a 2 hour drive from D.C. • Discussion of the dates in July for the meeting ensued. Raph requested that we avoid the 2 mid weeks of July. Raph would like to see the week of July 26th as he will be in the States. The first week of July was also suggested, but encompasses the July 4th holiday week. • JoAnn will send out an email to ascertain preferences on meeting location and suitable dates. One of the main goals of the mid‐year meeting is to plan the topics and presentations for the annual meeting. The following initial suggestions were made for mid‐year/annual meeting: • Jerry Wekezer‐‐safety and crashworthiness of para transit buses (20 min.) • Jim Nichols night time belt use—he would like to organize, Barb Harsha mentioned there is new data from other States and possibly other countries too. • Raph and Bella will come up with suggestions on aspects of their respective fields, Rollovers and Global Road Safety For the annual meeting: • Occupant protection and the occupant • Global NCAP‐vehicle technologies associated with crashworthiness and technologies 15. Awards Committee. It was noted that there are TRB awards, including a Patricia Waller Best Paper Award, for which the ANB45 committee has not traditionally submitted papers for consideration. • An ANB45 awards committee was formed with the goal of identifying and submitting a scientific paper for consideration for this award. • Raph, Joyce, Ruth and Bill agreed to serve on the committee. 16. NHTSA report. Maria Vegega, Director of NHTSAs Occupant Protection Division, gave a brief update of NHTSA activities and upcoming publications and distributed a handout containing additional initiatives and details. • There is an electronic communication from NHTSA that is planned by Sandy Sinclair and reviewed by Maria. You can get on the email list to receive this update by providing your name and email to Sandy Sinclair. • Among the occupant safety activities currently being evaluated by NHTSA is the use of technologies to increase seat belt use. One study to be completed this spring includes a modification whereby the driver can start their car, but it will not go into gear if the seatbelt is not fastened. Another study is of drivers Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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who experience a counterforce on the accelerator if their seatbelt is not fastened. It is thought to be effective for persons who forget to buckle. An evaluation of the “Click It or Ticket” national mobilization is planned. Many other activities and details are available in her handout titled “Occupant Protection Issues: Report to the Transportation Research Board’s Committee on Occupant Protection (ANB45)” available at http://anb45.hsrc.unc.edu/docs/Vegega_NHTSA‐OccupantProtectionIssues_Handout_2012‐02‐24.pdf
17. NTSB Forum. NTSB will be hosting a forum in the Spring of 2012 on alcohol and distracted driving. If interested, please contact Stephanie Davis. 18. The meeting was adjourned at noon. Respectively submitted, Joyce Pressley, ANB45 Secretary
Final ‐ February 22, 2012
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