Module 3 Spreadsheet Tools Internet Transaction Services This module introduces the learner to Spreadsheets, online transaction services and features of mobile devices. The session on Spreadsheet is useful to make lists, do calculations and prepare reports. The sessions on Internet introduces various online transactions. The project includes preparing the expense details in Spreadsheet, sample invoice, creating photo web album and updating the documents in blog.

Structure Unit

Topic

Duration (hrs)

Unit 1

Computer Networks

5

Unit 2

Spreadsheet

5

Unit 3

Online Services

5

Unit 4

Interoperability

4

Unit 5

Module Project and assessment

6

165

Module 3 - Unit 1 Computer Network

Unit Objectives By the end of the Unit the student will be able to: - Find the IP address of a system - Assign permanent IP address to a system - View another system’s Desktop - Share files with another computer - Set up a Network Attached Storage (NAS) - Configure broadband connection Create a wireless connection using portable Internet device - List important mobile phone Operating Systems - Connect a mobile phone with the computer - Share files between mobile phone and computer Share Internet connectivity from mobile to a computer - Share a printer - Access a shared printer in the network - Check whether the Network is functioning properly (Minimal trouble shooting)

166

Unit 1 - Session 1

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Find the IP address of a system Assign permanent IP address to a system View another systems Desktop

Instruction for teachers Activity A. Activity: Check the physical connections B. Practice: How to assign permanent IP address C. Exercise and feedback

Duration 20 min 20 min 20 min

A. Activity: check the physical connections 

The teacher asks the students to do the following activity: o

If the lab is networked with cables, check whether the cables are correctly fixed to the system and router, and make sure that no cable is cut off or damaged.

o

Switch on the Router and then switch on the systems one by one. On one of the connected systems, click the right button of the mouse on the NetworkManager applet (or take System → Preferences → Network Connections) and select the item 'connection information'. This will give the IP ID (IP Address) of the system.

o

Reboot all systems in some other order. Ask the students to check whether the IP addresses have changed?

167

To connect one computer to another, IP address is necessary. The IP address is used to uniquely identify a system in a network. It will be automatically assigned to the systems in a network on every reboot, if the connection method is automatic. It may pose some difficulty for the users if the IP address of the system changes on every reboot. (Think of a situation where, every time they try to connect to another computer, a user has to turn and ask: “Hey, what's your IP address now? I want to connect with you”.) What is the solution?

B. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Assign permanent IP address o View another system’s Desktop

Note: Malicious use Remote control software can also be used maliciously. From 2008, there have been incidents like this. Someone would be telephoned at random by a caller claiming to be from Microsoft. The victim would be told that a virus has been detected originating from their machine, or that they would offer a free check-up. They will be asked to install remote control software, often TeamViewer as it is very easy to use. This gives the attacker full control over the system. They would then proceed to do things which imply that the system is not working properly, for e.g. displaying alarming messages and then demand payment to resolve the "problem". So users should be cautious.

 

The teacher asks the students to connect to the nearby system and view its Desktop. Teacher gives the necessary handholding.

168

C. Exercise Now, try out these and give feedback! 1. If the connection is wireless, then again the procedure to connect is the same. For laptops, creating fixed IP address is not advisable for wireless connection. Why? Hint: Laptop is a portable device. When we take it from one place to other (the network would change), there is a chance of conflict of our IP address with other computers in the network. 2. From the Desktop of the connected system (system connected by accessing Desktop), open sintel.avi and play it using some video player. Can we copy that file to our system? 3. Is this type of Desktop control an effective way for file sharing? 4. What are the possible applications of remote Desktop control? 5. Can we troubleshoot or install an application in a remote system? 6. Gtk-VNC Viewer is another remote Desktop viewer. Try this software also.

169

Unit 1 - Session 2

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Share files with another computer Set up a Network Attached Storage (NAS) Activity A. Discussion B. Practice C. Exercise

Duration 10 min 20 min 30 min

A. Discussion with the students Discussion points:   

Why would we want to connect to another computer? What can be the advantages? Have you witnessed file sharing?



The teacher collects the points on the board or on flip charts.

B. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Share files with another computer o Set up Network Attached Storage (NAS)

C. Exercise Now, try out these! 

The teacher asks the students to find the answers to these questions by trial. They can also use the Internet.

1. If we connect our computer to another computer for file sharing, it will be mounted on our system. (We can see it on our Desktop, mounted.) How can we unmount it?

170

2. If a pen drive (or any removable media) is attached to a computer and we have to take a file in that device. How can we do that? (Hint: The pen drive will be mounted in /media folder.) 3. What is meant by Internet Server? Find the answer and email it to the teacher. 4. We can make a local web server by installing server software in it. In our systems, Appache Web Server will be installed by default. Now let us try a small experiment: Copy and paste a web page, say, freedom.html (a page with extension html and having html codes as content) in the /www folder of the system; for eg: a system with IP Address 192.168.1.12. (We cannot transfer a file to another system directly without administrator privilege. To do this open Nautilus using the command sudo nautilus in a terminal. Browse /www and paste the files). We can open these html files from any system in that network by giving the address 192.168.1.12/freedom.html in the browser.

171

Unit 1 - Session 3

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Configure broadband connection Create a wireless connection using portable Internet device

Activity A. Discussion with the students B. Practice: Configure a broadband connection C. Discussion and demonstration: wireless Internet connection

Duration 15 min 30 min 15 min

A. Discussion with the students Discussion points:   

Do you know how to set up a broadband connection? What devices are needed for this? What devices are needed for Wireless Internet Connection?



The teacher collects the points from the students on the board or on flip charts.

B. Practice: Configure a broadband connection

Fig: 3.1.5

172





Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Connect BSNL Broadband using telephone o Connect BSNL Broadband using Modem o Share Internet with more than one computers using hub, switch or router Teacher demonstrates these if necessary.

Switch



Hub

Router

The teacher asks the students to reconnect the Internet connection to the lab.

C. Discussion and demonstration: Wireless Internet connection  

Teacher explains and demonstrates how to create a wireless Internet connection using a portable Internet device. The teacher also introduces the terms GSM and CDMA.

Note: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) are two competing standards in cellular service. The major difference between the two technologies is how they turn voice data into radio waves and how it connects to the phone. Other differences include the coverage area, the data transfer speeds, and the type of hardware used. They both have derivatives for use with 3G phones known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and CDMA2000, respectively.

173

Unit 1 - Session 4

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

List important mobile phone Operating Systems Connect a mobile phone to the computer Share files between mobile phone and computer Share Internet connectivity from mobile to a computer

Activity A. Discussion

Duration

B. Introduction: connectivity with mobile phones C. Demonstration

20 min 40 min

Note to the teacher: An Impress presentation with pictures and screenshots would make the session more effective.

A. Discussion with the students Discussion points:    

Have you copied files from a mobile to another mobile? How is this done? Which is the technology which makes this possible? Would we want to connect to mobile phone to a computer? Why? 



Why would we do that?

The teacher collects the points on the board or on flip charts.

B. Introduction

174



Teacher introduces: o Different types of Mobile devices o Popular Mobile Operating Systems o Popular features of Mobile devices

C. Demonstration 

Teacher explains and demonstrates how to: o Connect a mobile phone to a computer o Activate Bluetooth connectivity and share files o Enable Internet sharing with Bluetooth connectivity

Note: Every student in the class may not have a smart phone. If they have, let them try the above activities.

175

Unit 1 - Session 5

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Share a printer Access a shared printer in the network Check whether the Network is functioning properly (Minimal trouble shooting)

Activity A. Discussion with the students B. Practice: share printers; Minimal trouble shooting C. Exercise

Duration 15 min 25 min 20 min

A. Discussion with the students Discussion points:   

Do you have a printer at home? How is it connected to the computer? Each person working on computers in the network may need to take print outs. How can we ensure that each computer has access to a printer? Do we connect a printer to each computer (think about the cost) Is a printer a sharable resource? How do we check whether a system is properly connected to the network? Why would we want to do this?

   



The teacher collects the points from the students on the board or on flip charts.

Having a shared printer within a computer network is a good option, since all computers within the network can access a remote printer to print documents. Maintenance cost is much lower and easier since you need to service only a single printer within a network.

B. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hint on how to: o Share a printer o Do minimal troubleshooting for the problems in the Network

176

C. Exercise Now, try these! 1. Change the setting and access the shared printer in your network. 2. Use the ping tool and ping two of the nearest systems. Handhold the students wherever necessary.

Unit 1 - Supplementary material for the teacher How to assign permanent IP address If a system is included in a network, it will have an IP address (IP ID). It will be automatically assigned if the connection method is automatic DHCP. In this method, the IP ID will change on every reboot. We can also set permanent IP IDs for all systems. 1. Click the right button of the mouse on the NetworkManager applet. From the menu that pops up, choose edit connections. 2. Choose the tab Wired, (if the connection is wired) and click on Add button. 3. Give a suitable name for the network. In the figure below, it is itlab1. (See figure.3.1.1)

Fig: 3.1.1

1. Choose the IPv4 Settings tab, and change the Method to Manual. 2. Add the following addresses: IP Address

192.168.1.12

Netmask

255.255.255.0

Gateway ID

192.168.1.1

DNS Servers

192.168.1.1

3. Apply it. Now the permanent IP address is set. 177

We should assign IP address to all systems in the lab. The addresses within a network should not be repeated. Before attempting to assign IP addresses to individual systems, we should do a trial allotment to ensure that the addresses are not repeated. Note that 192.168.1.1 is already assigned to the modem which is the gateway of Internet to our network. We cannot assign that address to any of our computers. We are now giving address to the system according to the version 4 of the addressing system (IPv4). It is now outdated and the new system, that is, version 6 (IPv6) is becoming more popular.

How to view another system’s Desktop? We may want to share the Desktop of another system. We may do this to access the resources on the other Desktop; play the file sintel.avi on the Desktop of the computer with IP ID 192.168.1.13 which is another computer in the network. You can also take control of a remote system in this way. This helps system administrators to solve minor problems of a computer from a remote site using another computer in the network. 1. Open the Remote Desktop preference window from System → Preferences → Remote Desktop.

Fig: 3.1.2

4. In this window, put a check mark on to Allow other users to view your desktop. 5. Check Allow others to control your desktop, if you want the Desktop to be controlled remotely. 6. Now open, Application → Internet → Remote Desktop Viewer. 7. Click on 'Connect' and give the IP address of the system that we can view or control. You should give the password of the system you are trying to connect to and the user in the connected system should allow your access. The Remote Desktop viewer software (its actual name is Vinagre) that we are familiar with now, is usable in a local network only. For a more general usage, say; over the Internet, the software Team Viewer can be used. This software can be freely downloaded from the following site for noncommercial purposes: http://www.teamviewer.com/hi/download/index.aspx 178

How to share files with another computer File sharing is one the most significant use of networking. The ‘how-to’ of sending and receiving files from one system to other is discussed below.

1. Open Places → Connect to Server 2. In the Connect to Server window, give the following values: Service type

: SSH

Server

: IP address of the system to be connected with.

Folder

: Address of the folder to connect to. For example, if we have to connect to the Desktop of the user 'ravi', then it is: /home/ravi/Desktop. (Note the D of ‘Desktop’)

User Name

: User name of the system.

Fig: 3.1.3 The connection is complete, after we give password of the other computer. After this we can copy files from, or to this system.

How to set up Network Attached Storage (NAS) Safe and secure data storage is a serious concern for all those using computers. If in a firm, multiple systems are used in its day to day activities and the files from one computer have to be shared with other computers, then storage and synchronisation becomes tedious. Instead of storing common files inside the personal computer and synchronizing all those computers on a regular basis, it would be easier to store the files inside a Network Attached Storage (NAS) and have all the computers within the network access the files from there. We can do this by using a SAMBA server setup. To set up a NAS: 1. Select a system (Comparatively in a good working state) as the Server. 2. Create a folder in it, say, in the user's home folder. 3. If you want to port the data, make the folder in some removable media preferably an external hard disk. 4. Right click on the folder and share it to others so that they can create and delete files in it.

179

Fig: 3.1.4

5. Now, this folder will be accessible from any computer in the network. To see this folder, open Places → Network. All systems in the network will be mounted there, open the assigned ‘Server’ to see the shared folder in it. 6. If we place a file inside this folder, it will also be accessible to all.

Internet connections Internet is the biggest network. There are many ways in which we can connect our system or network to the Internet. 1. To get the BSNL Broadband Internet connection from our land line telephone connection, the following should be done: a. Our telephone connection should have broadband Internet connectivity, which will be available from the telephone authority on request. b. We also need a broadband modem. Connect the telephone line to the modem. If you want to split the line to modem and telephone, use a splitter for it. (Connect the phone and modem lines to the ports concerned on the splitter. The connection lines will be written on the splitter.) (See figure 3.1.5)

Fig: 3.1.5

180

c. If we have two or more systems, and the modem has only one connection outlet, we can simply connect the available line to a switch/hub and share the Internet through it. 2. Revise the configurations that we made to set the IP address for our system. [We had set the Gateway Address and DNS Server Address to be 192.168.1.1, which is the IP address of the modem. So this setting would be enough]. 3. Now click on the NetworkManager applet on the top right panel of the Desktop and from the drop down menu, select our network. 4. Now, we can browse the Internet.

Configure a Broadband connection Try to reconnect the physical set up of Internet to our lab by yourself. Note: To get wireless Internet facility, we should have - A modem/switch capable of dispensing Internet without cables.

-

A system or laptop capable of receiving wireless signals.

If it is so, the active connection will be displayed automatically in the NetworkManager applet; we just have to activate it to browse the Internet.

How to create a wireless Internet connection using a portable Internet device Portable Internet devices are very common now. They provide convenient and portable Internet connection. To make a demo on the procedure of configuring a portable Internet device, the following hints can be used: 1. Plug in a portable Internet device to the system. 2. Right click on the NetworkManager applet and choose the Edit connections from the upcoming context menu. 3. From the 'Network connections' window, choose Mobile Broadband and click Add button. 4. Feed information about the Provider, country, billing plan etc. 5. The access number is *99# for GSM connections (BSNL, Idea etc.) and #777 for CDMA connections (Reliance etc.). Read the user manual of the device to get such information since it varies from one provider to another. 6. For user name and password, use the phone number of the card itself.

Introduction to connectivity with mobile phones Devices like Mobile Phones, pads, tablets and other such Internet oriented devices also have Operating System. Modern mobile Operating System combine the features of a personal computer Operating System with touch screen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, personal digital assistant (PDA), and other features. Some of mobile phone Operating Systems are:  

Android from Open Handset Alliance Lead by Google Symbian from Accenture 181

  

Windows Mobile from Microsoft Black Berry OS from Research in Motion Nokia Domestic OS from Nokia

How to connect a mobile phone to a computer We can interconnect two devices using: 1. Physical media such as USB cables 2. Wireless media such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi Connect your mobile phone to your computer with a USB cable. Try all of the following options:  PC Suite / COM port  printing & media  Data storage Set up an Internet connection to the system through the mobile phone as follows: 1. Connect the mobile phone to the system using a USB Cable. 2. Select PC suite from the menu in the mobile phone. 3. Click on the NetworkManager applet on the top right panel of the Desktop. 4. Choose New mobile broadband (GSM) connection Fig: 3.1.6

How to activate Bluetooth Connectivity and share files If we have  

A Bluetooth enabled mobile phone (like Nokia X3), tablet or pad A Bluetooth device in your computer (Many of the Laptops PCs have inbuilt Bluetooth device, if our system does not have such a device, we should purchase a Bluetooth dongle.) then, we can connect both the devices in the following way: (The software Bluez, blueman, gnome-Bluetooth and some dependencies are behind making this possible. They are already included in the system). To enable Bluetooth and share files: 1. Switch on the Bluetooth facility in your mobile phone and computer. (In some systems, we may have to logout and login once, to stabilise the connectivity.) 2. Open System → Preferences → Bluetooth and set up the new device.

182

Fig: 3.1.7

3. To browse the connected system or to send files to it, right click on the blueman applet on the top right panel of the Desktop and select the desired menu.

Fig: 3.1.8

4. Using this, browse an audio file from the mobile phone.

How to enable Internet sharing with Bluetooth Connectivity Consider that you are in a situation where you need Internet urgently. But you don't have modem, or a portable Internet device. The only device that you have is a mobile phone. You can bring Internet to our system with this phone using Bluetooth. Use your Bluetooth set up mobile phone to browse Internet. Then following tips can be used: 1. Set up the devices as in the above activity. 2. (Left) click on the blueman applet on the top right panel of the Desktop and click Setup. Choose Dialup Networking and proceed.

183

Fig: 3.1.9

3. Now we can connect the Internet by connecting to the mobile phone (Follow the steps that we used in the first demo in this session to connect).

184

Module 3 - Unit 2 Spreadsheet

Unit Objectives By the end of the Unit the student will be able to: - List some important Spreadsheet software - Use a formula for calculation - Use the Cell Handle to extend the formula to other cells - Format pages and cells - Merge cells - Use fill series - Add a comment to a cell - Use Online Spreadsheet in Google drive - Share the Spreadsheet and collect data - Use the Data Analysis features of Spreadsheet - Use Data sorting - Insert Chart - Preview a page before printing - Print a page - Create an Online Data form

185

Unit 2 - Session 1

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

List some important Spreadsheet software Use a formula for calculation Use the Cell Handle to extend the formula to other cells

Instruction for teachers A. B. C. D.

Activity Activity: Weekly personal budget Introduction to Spread sheets Practice Exercise

Duration 20 min 20 min 20 min

Note to the teacher: Prepare the worksheet given in figure 3.2.1 in the next page in .ots format and Email it to the students before the starting of the class.

A. Activity: Weekly personal budget 

Teacher asks the students to create the weekly budget using the workbook send to them. After they prepare, the teacher can raise the following questions:

  

What do you think are the uses of Spreadsheets? Find out your average daily expenditure from the Spreadsheet. Prepare one week’s income-expenditure details and save the file.

186

187 Fig: 3.2.1

B. Introduction to Spreadsheet 

Teacher introduces Spreadsheet and gives useful hints on: o Use of Spreadsheets o Popular Spreadsheet software

C. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on: o The important features of the Spreadsheet o How to use Functions o How to use Cell Handle o How to save Libre/ OpenOffice Calc



Ask the students to find the sum and average of a set of numbers. They can also prepare a multiplication table to understand how the cell address is used in a Formula. Handhold the students wherever necessary.

 

D. Exercise Now, try out this! 1. Prepare your family budget for a month using Spreadsheet.

188

Unit 2 - Session 2

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Format pages and cells Merge cells Use Fill series Add a comment to a cell

Activity A. Activity: Observe a calendar B. Practice C. Exercise

Duration 15 min 20 min 25 min

Note to the teacher: Send a sample calendar to the students before the class starts.

A. Activity    

Go through the sample calendar. What special formatting do you notice in the file? Read the comments in some of the cells. Observe that some of the cells are merged together to form bigger cells.

B. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Format cells o Use Fill series o Insert comments o Export to PDF

189

 

Teacher asks the students to make a simple calendar as in the Sample. Handhold the students wherever necessary.

C. Exercise Now, try out this! 1. In the calendar add date in Malayalam and Arabic.

190

Unit 2 - Session 3

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Use Online Spreadsheet in Google drive Share the Spreadsheet and collect data

Activity A. Practice B. Exercise

Duration 30 min 30 min

Note to the teacher: In this session the students get familiar with making a Spreadsheet in Google drive. After they make the document, they share it with their friends and collect data. The teacher need not demonstrate how to use the Google Spreadsheet.

A. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Make Spreadsheet in Google Docs/ Drive o Share the files

191

 

The students access their Google docs account and create a document like the one given below. Handhold the students wherever necessary.

B. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. Make a copy of the Spreadsheet you created earlier using File → Make a Copy. Add the headings: Name, Address, Phone number, Name of father, Name of Mother and send it to your friends for data collection. 2. The students need to fill in the details in the files shared by their friends. This will be used in the next session.

192

Unit 2 - Session 4

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Use the Data Analysis features of Spreadsheet Use Data sorting Insert Chart Preview a page before printing Print a page

Activity A. Discussion

Duration 10 min

B. Practice

20 min

C. Exercise

30 min

Note to the teacher: Before the activities in the session, the students need to download the Data form they created in the previous session and save it in their folder. They would analyse the data in the form in this session.

A. Discussion with the students Discussion points:    

How much time do you spend for your morning routines? How many of you use Internet for your studies? How many hours do you sleep? What other information can you find from this report?

B. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Sort data o Insert Chart o Setup Page and print it



The students can choose the columns Name, Learning time and play time and add a graph. Handhold the students wherever necessary.



193

Fig: 3.2.4

C. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. Identify students not attending tuition Centres.[Use relevant function] 2. Find out the average sleeping time per week for each student and convert it to hours. [Use relevant function] 3. Identify the students not using periodicals. [Use relevant function] 4. Insert two columns namely ‘Time spent in studies’, ‘Time used for reference’. Find the Average and Percentage of time spent.

194

Unit 2 - Session 5

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Create an Online Data form by themselves

Activity A. Exercise

Duration 15 min

B. Activity

45 min

A. Exercise  

Form teams of size 5-6. Create an online Data form to collect the data from others on the subject “What all facilities of the Internet do you use?” Before starting the work, ask the students to find the answers to the following questions through discussion with their team:



Discussion points:    

What are the specific data you should collect? What are the questions that you should include? Decide on the type of questions and arrangement of the questions. Which all responses in the list should be mandatory?

 



Ask the students to do this activity by themselves. Share the Google help file with the students through Email. Give the demo for how to create the Google Dataform if necessary. See Annexure 1 for details. Handhold the students wherever necessary.

B. Activity 

After the students complete the work, display the forms in the class. Choose the best form to be circulated for data collection.

195

Unit 2 -Supplementary material for the teacher Introduction to Spreadsheet A Spreadsheet is an interactive computer application for organizing and analysing information in tabular form. Spreadsheet is developed as a computerized simulation of paper accounting worksheets. This application operates on data represented as cells organized in rows and columns. Each cell of the array can contain numeric data, text data, or the results of Formula that automatically calculate and display a value based on the content of other cells. The user of the Spreadsheet can make changes in any stored value and observe the effects on calculated values. This makes the Spreadsheet useful for "what-if" analysis since many cases can be rapidly investigated without tedious manual recalculation. Modern Spreadsheet software can have multiple interacting sheets, and can display data either as text, numeric, or in graphical form. In addition to the fundamental operations of arithmetic and mathematical functions, modern Spreadsheets provide built-in functions for common financial and statistical operations. Such calculations as Net Present Value (NPV) or Standard Deviation can be applied to tabular data with a pre-programmed function in a formula. Spreadsheet applications also provide conditional expressions, functions to convert between text and numbers, and functions that operate on strings of text. Spreadsheets have almost replaced paper-based systems throughout the business world. Although they were first developed for accounting or bookkeeping tasks, they are now used extensively in many contexts where tabular lists are built, sorted, and shared. A modern Spreadsheet file consists of multiple worksheets (usually called by the shorter name sheets) that make up one workbook. Each file is a workbook. A cell on one sheet is capable of referencing cells on the same sheet or different sheets, whether within the same workbook or even, in some cases, in different workbooks. Some of the popular Spreadsheets are IBM Lotus Symphony, Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice Calc, LibreOffice Calc, Numbers, Gnumeric, KSpread, etc. While working on a Spreadsheet, the address of a cell is very important. To access/ process the values in a cell we need the address (reference) of the cell. A cell reference consists of the column letter and row number that intersect at the cell's location. Note that while listing a cell reference, the column letter is always listed first. For example, the address of the cell marked in bold in figure 3.2.5 is C4 (Column – C; Row – 4).

Fig: 3.2.5

The CellName box on the left edge above the column header, gives the address of the cell.

196

The calculations in Spreadsheets are done using functions.

Functions Spreadsheets generally have a large number of integrated functions for processing data. A function is characterised by its name (written in uppercase by convention), followed by parenthesis. Inside the parenthesis are the arguments, which are a set of values, separated by colons or semi-colons. Thus, a function with the name ‘FUNCTION’ would be written as follows: FUNCTION (argument1: argument2: etc.) or FUNCTION (argument1; argument2; etc.) To add a function, open the function wizard window and insert the function using Insert→ Function.

How to use functions? Method 1: Use AutoSum 1. Select the numeric values of the cells for which the sum is to be found (In the figure the cells from B4 to B10 are selected. The selection is indicated by a blue outline.). Click on the ∑ icon on the formula bar. 2. Then the function to find the total ‘=SUM(B4:B10)’ is automatically inserted to the cell below. 3. Press the enter key and the value of the total will be displayed. Here B4:B10 represents the addresses from the cell B4 to B10. The data of the cells from B4 to B10 are used to find the sum. (See figure 3.2.6)

Fig: 3.2.6

Method 2: Find Sum using Function 1. 2. 3. 4.

Select the desired cell where the sum is to be displayed. Type =SUM( To insert the cell addresses, click on the cell B4 and drag till B10. Press Enter key.

How to use Cell Handle The formula and formatting applied to one cell can be extended to other cells using the Cell Handle. To use this: 1. Select the cell that includes the formula. 2. When the curser reaches the lower right corner of the cell, you can see the Fill Handle tool. (See figure 3.2.7)

197

Fig: 3.2.7

3. Click on it and drag it to the cells for which the formula is to be extended.

Find Average 1. Use the ‘=AVERAGE (xx : xx)’ function to find the average. 2. To find the average of the values from B4 to B10 use ‘=AVERAGE(B4 : B10)’ 3. The average can also be found by typing the conventional formula for finding average after the ‘=’ sign. That is; ‘=Cell Address containing Total / Total number of values’. In figure 3.2.7 we can see that the total of the values in the cells from B4 to B10 is found in the cell B11. So to find the average of the values of the cells from B4 to B10 we can use the formula ‘= B11/7’ in the desired cell.

How to save Libre/ OpenOffice Calc? 1. 2. 3. 4.

To save file choose File → Save. Give the file name and click Save. To save the file in format like xls, Xls, Ots, Csv, Xml use File → Save As option. In the window that opens, give the name and also choose the format in which the file needs to be saved. 5. Click Save.

How to format cells 1. 2. 3. 4.

Select the cells to be formatted. Select Format Cells. A Format Cells window appears. Use the facilities in the different tabs in the window to format the cells.

198

Fig: 3.2.8

Merge Cells Merge is used to combine more than one cell to form a bigger cell. To Merge: 1. Select the cells to be merged. 2. Select Format → Merge Cells → Merge and Centre Cells/Merge Cells

Page formatting 1. Select Format→ Page 2. The Page Style window will be opened. 3. Use the options in the different tabs to format the page.

Fig: 3.2.9

Fill Series This option fills the selected range of cells in the Spreadsheet with a series of numbers, characters, or dates. The content of the first cell in the selected range is used as the starting value for the series. We can drag the fill handle to fill the series along the row or column. 199

Insert Comment To insert comments into the cells: 1. Select the cell, and give Insert→ Comment 2. Or Right Click → Insert → Comment 3. In the comment box that opens give the comments and click outside the cell to save the note. To add new Column/ Row 1. Click on the nearby cell. 2. Select Insert →Row/ Column

Export to PDF Choose 'Export as' option from File Menu to export this file to a portable document format.

How to make Spreadsheet in Google Docs/ Drive and share it File Creation 1. Go to https://drive.google.com or https://docs.google.com 2. Log in to Google account. 3. Select Create → Spreadsheet and open new Spreadsheet. (See figure 3.2.10)

File sharing 1. Click on Share in the Edit mode. 2. In the popup that comes, give the necessary privileges using the Change link. (See figure 3.2.11) 3. Add the Emails of the people with whom you want to share the document in the Add people box. 4. After you have completed adding the Email IDs, click Done.

Fig: 3.2.10

200

Fig: 3.2.11

How to Sort data? 1. Select the cells as seen in the figure 3.2.12. 2. Select Data→ Sort. 3. In the Sort Criteria window that is displayed, select the criteria and click OK. For example to find which all people use Internet most, select Column I in the field ‘Sort by’, choose Descending and click OK.

Fig: 3.2.12

201

How to Insert Chart 1. Use the Chart option from the Insert Menu to plot the graph. See figure below. Select the columns by pressing Ctrl Key. The selected columns can be seen with blue borders in the figure (Column B, Column H and Column M).

Fig: 3.2.13

2. In the Chart Wizard window, there is option to select the Chart Type. If it is a bar diagram it will look like the figure below.

Fig: 3.2.14

Page Set up To set page layout, select the option Page from Format Menu. Choose the most suitable lay out according to the content.

Page printing Choose 'Print' option (' Ctrl + P ') from File Menu to print the document. 202

Annexure 1 Source: http://support.google.com/drive/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=87809

Create and send a Google form You can create and share a form from your Google Documents List or from any existing Spreadsheet.

Create a form from your Documents’ List 1. Click Create → Form. The form you create will be connected to a Spreadsheet of the same title that collects all of the responses. Responses will be collected in the first tab of this Spreadsheet.

Fig: 3.2.15

2. In the form template that opens, you can add any questions and options you like.

Fig: 3.2.16

Create a form from a Google Spreadsheet 1. Click the Tools drop-down menu, and select Create a form. The form responses will be collected in the tab from which you create the form. 2. In the form template that opens, you can add any questions and options you’d like. If you create a form from a Spreadsheet, the next time you open the Spreadsheet, a Form menu will appear in the menu bar.

203

Add items and questions to a form You can add different types of questions to your forms by clicking Add item at the top of the editing page. Here are some of the question types you can choose: check boxes, grid, drop-down lists with options, multiple choice, paragraph text, which allow for long answers, and scale, to ask your invitees to grade the responses in a scale of 1-5, for instance.

Fig: 3.2.17

Add section headers if you would like to divide your form in sections to make it easier to read and complete. Simply select Section header from the Add item drop-down menu. Each section header can have a title, which appears in a larger font, and a section description.

Split questions into multiple pages If you have created a long form, for example, and would like to make it easier for your respondents to fill it out, you can add page breaks. From the Add item drop-down menu, select Page break.

Tips • You can edit the confirmation message that people see after submitting their responses in your form. Click the More actions drop-down menu at the top-right of the form, and select Edit confirmation. • If you have edited a form and need to send it again, click the Edit and resend button in the lower-left corner of the Share tab.

Send or share your Google form: Once you have completed your form, you can publish it in a number of ways. Send a form via Email • Click 'Email this form' once you have finished adding your questions. • Add the Email addresses of the people to whom you want to send this form. Email addresses are separated by commas in your list. • Click Send. See the figure 3.2.18. 204

Fig: 3.2.18

Add link to the web page If you have your own website, you can copy and add the link to a web page as well. This is especially useful if you don’t want to limit your respondents to just your email list. Here are some of the things you can do with your form: Edit: To edit an existing item, just click the Edit button to the right of the item you want to edit. Fig: 3.2.19

Delete: To delete an item, click the Delete button to the right of the item you want to delete. Fig: 3.2.20

Duplicate: To duplicate an item, click the Duplicate button to the right of the item you want to duplicate. Fig: 3.2.21

205

Annexure 2 Fig: 3.2.22

206

Module 3 - Unit 3 Internet – Online Services

Unit Objectives By the end of the Unit the student will be able to: - Browse through Indian Railway's website - Plan the travel, check availability of tickets in any category and find train timings - Look for other online booking facilities. - Use online bill payment facilities - Surf through job portals - Register themselves with job portals - Browse and find job opportunities - Create a photo album and share it - Upload video and share it

207

Unit 3 - Session 1

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Browse through Indian Railways’ website Plan the travel, check availability of tickets in any category and find train timings Look for other online booking facilities.

Instruction for teachers Activity A. Discussion B. Activity C. Exercise

Duration 15 min 15 min 30 min

Note to the teacher: This activity helps to familiarise the students with PNR status enquiry, watching train schedule, Internet ticket booking etc. through the website of Indian railway. Introduce railway website address 'www.indianrail.gov.in' to students.

A. Discussion with students Discussion points:   

What do you do to reserve a train tickets? Have you used any online facilities for booking tickets? What are the advantages of making the booking process online?

B. Activity 

Teacher explains and gives useful hints on how to: o Check train schedule and fare in the website of Indian Railways. o Open a new account for ticket reservation. o Reserve tickets.

208

Introduce online railway ticket reservation portal and ask the students to open an account in it (or teacher demonstrates by opening one account). Ticket booking can be demonstrated and practised for familiarisation but ask the students not to reserve tickets. Ask the students to do the following:    

Find the trains to a place they want to travel to or the teacher can suggest a place. Check the availability of seats in the train. Find the ticket fare for the journey. What are the advantages of Internet based ticket booking systems.

C. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. 2. 3. 4.

Find the train schedule and fare to Bangalore. Find the fare for the different types of seats. Find the process to reserve a ticket to Bangalore. Find two online booking systems for reserving bus tickets and look for services to Chennai. Find three online booking systems for reserving tickets for cinema. Handhold the students wherever necessary.

209

Unit 3 - Session 2

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to use online bill payment facilities.

Activity A. Discussion B. Exercise

Duration 20 min 40 min

A. Discussion The sites www.kseb.in, www.kwa.kerala.gov.in, www.bsnl.co.in, etc. are different sites that can be used for this purpose. The teacher should introduce these to students and ask them to browse through any two of these sites.

Discussion points:  

What are the useful features of these sites? What are the services and useful information provided in the following links marked with the circle in figure 3.3.1?

Fig: 3.3.1

210

Fig: 3.3.2

B. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. Find three other services that need online bill payment. 2. Do Insurance companies have online insurance premium payment facilities? If yes, find some insurance companies with online facilities. 3. Search for three E-commerce sites. Also find the process flow for purchase of items.

Give the following site as extra reading exercise: http://bill-paying-services-review.toptenreviews.com/

211

Unit 3 - Session 3

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Surf through job portals Register themselves with job portals Browse and find job opportunities

Activity A. Discussion B. Exercise

Duration 15 min 45 min

A. Discussion Discussion points:   

What are the various job opportunities available? How do we get the information on job opportunities? What are the ways of keeping ourselves updated on the various job opportunities? 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Create account in Job portal o Post resume

B. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Find some sites that provide online job search facility. How do we get this service? Visit the job sites and search for some opportunities. Register yourself in job portals and post your resume. Understand how the system works. Register your name and qualifications in the website of Kerala Public Service Commission by 'One Time Registration' facility available in it. Teacher gives some common jobsites for reference:   

www.naukri.com www.timesjobs.com www.monsterindia.com

212

Unit 3 - Session 4

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to create a web photo album and share it.

A. B. C. D.

Activity Discussion Introduction to Web Albums Practice Exercise

Duration 10 min 15 min 35 min

A. Discussion Discussion points:  

What are the ways in which we can share our photos? What all methods have we discussed in class till now?

B. Introduction to Web Albums 

Teacher Explains: o Photo Albums and photo sharing o Type of web album providers o Some sites that provide this service

C. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Make a photo album in Picasa and share it o View and share the uploaded photos

D. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. Upload the study tour photos using Flickr. 2. Upload the birthday celebration photos of your family members on facebook. 3. Upload the photos of the festivals in your village/ hometown on Orkut.

213

Unit 3 - Session 5

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to upload a video and share it. Activity A. Introduction to video uploading B. Practice C. Exercise

Duration 10 min 15 min 35 min

A. Introduction to video uploading 

Teacher gives useful hints on: o Video Uploading o Categories of video upload service providers o Some sites that provide this service

B. Practice 

Teacher gives useful hints on how to: o Upload video o View and share the uploaded videos

C. Exercise Now, try out these! 1. Upload the study tour video clips on facebook 2. Upload the video clipping of the sports meet of your school on Orkut.

214

Unit 3 - Supplementary material for the teacher Check train schedule and fare in the website of Indian Railways To check train schedules and verify PNR status, open the Indian Railways website using the address 'www.indianrail.gov.in'.

Fig: 3.3.3

Open a new account for ticket reservation. To enter the ticket reservation site, click on Internet Reservation menu in the site 'www.indianrail.gov.in'. The facility to create a new account is available here. Create a new account. Fig: 3.3.4

Ticket Reservation

Sign in to the account you created to reserve a train ticket. Use Internet banking facility, VISA / ATM cards etc. for the cash payment of the ticket. The details about the ticket (reserved) will be sent to the mobile number that you gave while booking the ticket. You can travel in the train by using your ID card and the response message that came to your mobile. Printed ticket is not necessary for the journey if have this message in your mobile phone. This message can be shown instead of the ticket.

Job Portal As you login into the job portal, you can see the different facilities provided for you; for example ‘Find a job’, ‘Prepare your resume’, ‘Tips to make your resume effective’ etc. The new opportunities that suit your profile would pop up as you log-in. If employers are interested in you, you will get their message in the inbox of the portal. The process to find a job, register and apply for jobs is very easy. However, you need to be persistent in responding to the opportunities until you get the best one.

215

Fig: 3.3.5

How to make a photo album in Picasa and share it? Picasa is an image organizer and image viewer for organizing and editing digital photos, plus an integrated photo-sharing website, originally created by a company named Lifescape in 2002. In July 2004, Google acquired Picasa from its original author and began to offer it as freeware. To upload photographs to Picasa: 1. Store the captured images to a folder in the computer. 2. Type the website name http://www.picasaweb.google.com in the address bar of the browser window. 3. Login to the Google account. (If you do not have an account, create a new Google account).

Fig: 3.3.6

4. Give First name, Last Name and Click the Continue Button.

216

Fig: 3.3.7

5. Click Upload button to add photos to the web album.

Fig: 3.3.8

6. Type in the Album Name.

217

Fig: 3.3.9

7. Upload Photos either by Drag-drop method or by clicking Select Photos from your computer button. 8. You can add more photos by clicking Upload more button. 9. Click Ok button to complete the process.

How to View and share your uploaded photos?

Fig: 3.3.10

1. Click My Photos tab. 2. Select and click the uploaded Photo Album.

Fig: 3.3.11

3. To view the album, click on Slideshow button. 4. To share your photos click Share button. 218

Fig: 3.3.12

5. Enter Email addresses separated by comma and add a message. 6. Click on Share via Email

Video Uploading How to upload videos? YouTube is a video-sharing website on which users can upload, view and share videos. Most of the content on YouTube has been uploaded by individuals, although media corporations including CBS, the BBC, VEVO, Hulu and other organizations offer some of their material via the site as part of the YouTube partnership program. Registered users can upload an unlimited number of videos while unregistered users can only watch videos. 1. Store the video clip captured by a digital camera in a convenient folder with a suitable name. 2. Visit the site www.youtube.com

Fig: 3.3.13

3. Sign in using a Google account. If you do not have a Google account, click Create Account and create a new Google account. 4. Upload file by selecting the video from the folder.

Fig: 3.3.14

219

5. The video will be uploaded.

Fig: 3.3.15

It will take some time to propagate the video into YouTube. After this propagation time the video can be searched with keywords.

220

Module 3 - Unit 4 Interoperability

Unit Objectives By the end of the Unit the student will be able to: - Identify parts of mobile phone - Use the different features of mobile phones - Connect mobile phone to PC through USB port / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi - Transfer of files through USB port / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi - Get familiar with the Do’s and don’ts of mobile phone usage - Get familiar with the components/ Operating System / functions of Tablet PC - Get familiar with the applications of GPS - Get familiar with GSM – 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G - Learn how to enable and use GPRS and EDGE facilities in mobile phones - Get familiar with Android platform in mobile phones - Learn about mobile OS technologies - Get familiar with accelerometer property in mobile phones

221

Unit 4 - Session 1

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to: -

Identify parts of mobile phone Use the different features of mobile phones

Instruction for teachers A. B. C. D.

Activity Discussion Introduction to mobile phones Activity 1: Parts of mobile phone Activity 2: Features of mobile phone

Duration 15 min 10 min 20 min 15 min

A. Discussion with the students Discussion points:   

What features of the mobile phone are you familiar with? Name few mobile phone brands you know? How do you think mobile phones have changed the way we live?

B. Introduction to mobile devices 

Teacher introduces Mobile devices and gives useful hints on: o Types of Mobile devices o Technologies used in mobile devices o Operating Systems used in mobile phones o Features of mobile phones

C. Activity 1: Parts of Mobile phone 

Teacher should: o discuss the need for mobile phones o show the components of mobile phones o discuss the characteristics of SIM

222

Fig: 3.4.1 – Parts of mobile phone

D. Activity 2: Additional features & applications of mobile phones 

Teacher should demonstrate: o The common features available in mobile phones o The features available in smart phones

Some features of mobile phones:  Address Book, Call logs  Roaming facility, which permits the same phone to be used in multiple regions, provided that the operators of both regions have a roaming agreement.  Applications like a Clock, Alarm, Calendar, Diary, Memo, Appointments, calculator etc.  Entertainments such as games.  Messaging using SMS and MMS  Audio Recorder, Audio Player, Camera, Video Recorder, Video Player, FM Radio  Send and receive data, access WAP services via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, PC connectivity  Internet, E-mail and Social Networking  GPS receivers integrated or connected to cell phones.

223

Unit 4 - Session 2

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student get familiar with the: -

Connection of mobile phone to PC through USB port / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi Process of transfer of files through USB port / Bluetooth / Wi-Fi The Do’s and don’ts of mobile phone usage Activity A. Activity 3: Bluetooth B. Activity 4: Do’s and Don’ts of using mobile phones

Duration 20 min 40 min

A. Activity 3: Bluetooth 

Teacher demonstrates how to: o Connect mobile phones and PC through USB port and Bluetooth. o Transfer data through Bluetooth between two mobile phones and between a mobile phone and another Bluetooth device such as a PC. o Transfer data through USB port between a mobile phone and PC.

Bluetooth is a wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks. There are two important parameters of Bluetooth devices - class and supported profiles. "Class" signifies the distance at which a Bluetooth connection is possible. Most mobile devices are Class 2, which means they have a range of up to 10 m. Class 1 devices are rare and have a range of up to 100 feet. A "profile" is a type of Bluetooth connection. The most common are the Headset (HSP) and Handsfree (HFP) profiles that enable the device to connect to a wireless headset or handsfree.

B. Activity 4: Do’s and Don’ts of using mobile phones    

Teacher discusses the simple rules and ettiquette to be followed while using mobile phone (the Dos and Don’ts). Collate the points and conclude. The teacher can make an Impress presentation to make this session more effective. Ask the students to extend this list. 224

Unit 4 - Session 3

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student get familiar with: -

The components/ Operating System / functions of Tablet PC The applications of GPS The GSM – 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G Activity A. Activity 5: Parts of Tablet PC B. Activity 6: GPS C. Activity 7: GSM

Duration 20 min 20 min 20 min

A. Activity 5: Tablet PC The teacher demonstrates the functionality of a Tablet PC (this may vary depending on the model)

B. Activity 6: GPS The teacher explains the three segments of GPS and discusses the application areas of GPS.

225

C. Activity 7: GSM – 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G The teacher:  

Gives a broad structure of GSM technology Discusses the terminologies such as 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G

Fig: 3.4.3 – GSM Network

226

Unit 4 - Session 4

1 hr

Session Objectives By the end of the session the student will: -

Learn how to enable and use GPRS and EDGE facilities in mobile phones Get familiar with Android platform in mobile phones Learn about mobile OS technologies Be introduced to accelerometer property in mobile phones Activity A. Activity 8: GPRS and EDGE B. Activity 9: Android C. Activity 10: How to capture pictures and Videos

Duration 20 min 20 min 20 min

A. Activity 8: GPRS and EDGE The teacher demonstrates the function of GPRS and EDGE in mobile phones.

B. Activity 9: Android 

Teacher discusses: o The features of Android platform o The other platforms such as iOS (Apple), Windows (Microsoft) and QNX (RIM). o Accelerometer property in mobile phones and demonstrates it

A. Activity 9: Capture Images and Video The teacher demonstrates how to capture images and Videos using camera phone.

227

Fig: 3.4.4 – How to take photos in a mobile phone

(This procedure may change according to the mobile phone model)

228

Fig: 3.4.5 - How to take videos in a mobile phone

Unit 4 - Supplementary material for the teacher Introduction to mobile phones, mobile devices and mobile technology In the recent years, mobile phones have rapidly become a necessity in the society. Since, it’s humble beginning as an uncommon, big and bulky device; the mobile phone has now become an everyday item that is sleek and pocket-sized. While the original mobile phones were solely used for contacting other individuals, mobile phones today can serve a wide variety of needs besides being just a phone. A basic mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone or a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. Mobile phone is primarily designed for voice communication. In addition to the standard voice function, new generation mobile phones support many additional services and applications such as 229

SMS for text messaging, Email, packet switching for access to the Internet, games, Bluetooth, camera with video recorder, MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS. Handsets with more advanced features through the use of native software applications are now known as Smart phones. A Tablet PC is a device that can be used in “slate” form just like a traditional paper pad. A Tablet PC is therefore likely to be used more commonly and is handy than a standard notebook. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is a great boon to anyone who has the need to navigate through routes unknown to them. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a standard for wireless communications which runs at speeds up to 115 kilobits per second. The Android platform is Google Inc.'s Open and free software stack that includes an Operating System, middleware and also one of the key applications for use on mobile devices, including smartphones.

The resources and activities listed in this module depend on the technology and device manufacturers. Teachers are directed keep themselves updated with recent technology and refer instructions/ operating manuals of the vendor before this activity.

Mobile Phone Components All mobile phones have a number of components in common, but manufacturers try to differentiate their products by implementing additional functions to make them more attractive to consumers. The common components found on all phones are:  Circuit Board  An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanisms are keypad and touch screens.  LCD Screen  Speaker & Microphone  Battery and charger  All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped between devices.  Additional components available in the mobile phones are: ◦ Camera ◦ Memory Card ◦ Data Cable

230

Fig: 3.4.1 – Components of a Mobile phone componenents

SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module) SIM card (Subscriber Identification Module) is a type of smart card used in mobile phones. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the user’s subscription information and phone book. This allows the user to retain his or her information even after switching off the handset. Alternatively, the user can also change service providers while retaining the handset simply by changing the SIM. A SIM card contains the following information:  Subscriber telephone number (MSISDN - Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number)  International subscriber number (IMSI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity)  State of the SIM card  Service code (operator)  Authentication key  PIN (Personal Identification Code)  PUK (Personal Unlock Code)

231

Do’s and Don’ts of Mobile phone use DO’s 

Note down your IMEI number.



Security pin code should be used to avoid misuse of your mobile phones.



MMSs / SMSs received should be checked for their source before opening.



Delete all obscene / pornographic text, images, SMS /MMS from your mobile phones which you might have received or stored. Otherwise this may land you in trouble and unwanted embarrassment.



Anti-virus software should be loaded in the mobile phone.



Mobile phone keypad should be locked after every use.



Use your mobile phone only when necessary.



Switch off the mobile phone/ turn mobile phone into silent mode during meetings.

DON’Ts  Please do not click photographs with your mobile phones without permission from the people or authorities concerned. You may be invading the privacy and possibly indulging in an illegal act. 

Do not receive from or reply to SMS / MMS of strangers.



Do not transmit obscene/ pornographic material using SMS/MMS/any other means, as it is an offense under Information Technology Act.



Do not make calls to the unknown phone / mobile numbers you get while chatting or which are exhibited on various profiles on the Internet. If you do, you may be causing harassment to the other person.



Do not keep your Bluetooth open at all times-you may receive obscene / pornographic text, images and viruses.



Do not give your mobile numbers while chatting on INTERNET to avoid “STALKING”.



Do not handover your mobile phone to unauthorised service centres, to avoid CLONING.



Do not Play Music/ FM radio without headset in public places.



Do not use mobile phones while driving.



Do not use mobile phones in places where the mobile phone usage is restricted.

This list of DOs and DON’Ts may be extended

Tablet PC A tablet computer, or a tablet, is a mobile computer, larger than a mobile phone or personal digital assistant, with a flat touch screen and primarily operated by touching the screen rather than using a physical keyboard. It often uses an onscreen virtual keyboard, a passive stylus pen, or a digital pen. The standard form of tablet does not have an integrated keyboard but may be connected to one with a wireless link or a USB port. 232

In 2010, Apple released the iPad, which used the Operating System and touch screen technology similar to that used in their iPhone and became the first mobile computer tablet to achieve worldwide commercial success. This has sparked a new market for tablet computers and a variety of other manufacturers have produced versions of their own including Samsung, HTC, Motorola, RIM, Sony, Amazon, HP, Microsoft, Archos and many others. Competing tablets use a variety of Operating Systems, although the main contenders are iOS (Apple), Android (Google), Windows mobile (Microsoft) and QNX (RIM). Typical features of tablet computers are: 

Wireless Internet browsing functions (2G,3G,4G or Wi Fi)



E-mail and social media applications (typically with integration apps to bring all feeds into the same view)



Common cell phone functions (Messaging, video calling, speakerphone or headset options)



GPS satellite navigation



Stills and video camera functions, photo and video viewing and editing



E-book reading (including electronic versions of comics, newspapers and magazines)



Downloadable apps (games, books, education, utilities)



Movie player function



Weigh around one or two pounds (0.5 - 1 kilogram)



Battery life of three to twelve hours depending on usage pattern.

GPS Source: http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S.-owned utility that provides users with Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. This system consists of three segments: the space segment, the control segment, and the user segment. The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments. Space Segment The GPS space segment consists of a constellation of satellites transmitting radio signals to users. The U. S. Air Force manages the constellation to ensure the availability of at least 24 GPS satellites at the same time. Control Segment The GPS control segment consists of a global network of ground facilities that track the GPS satellites, monitor their transmissions, perform analysis, and send commands and data to the constellation.

233

Fig: 3.4.6 – Control Segment

User segment The User segment consists of the GPS receiver equipment such as a mobile phone, tablet PC, GPS enabled vehicle which receives the signals from the GPS satellite and uses the transmitted information to calculate the user’s three-dimensional position and time.

GSM Network Source: Wikipedia

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks. Developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services). Packet data transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution). The GSM standard is more improved after the development of third generation (3G) UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. GSM networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate fourth generation (4G) LTE Advanced standards. "GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. 1G 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications. These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.

234

2G 2G is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland in 1991. Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile starting with SMS text messages. 3G 3G or third generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. 4G In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cell phone mobile communications standards. It is a successor of the third generation (3G) standards. A 4G system provides mobile ultrabroadband Internet access, for example to laptops with USB wireless modems, to smart phones, and to other mobile devices. Conceivable applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing and 3D television.

GPRS General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system's Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet-switched cellular technologies. It is now maintained by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is considered a pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 – initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in the United States. EDGE is standardized also by 3GPP as part of the GSM family.

235

Through the introduction of sophisticated methods of coding and transmitting data, EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a threefold increase in capacity and performance compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection. EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet connection. Evolved EDGE continues in Release 7 of the 3GPP standard providing reduced latency and more than doubled performance e.g. to complement HighSpeed Packet Access (HSPA). Peak bit-rates of up to 1Mbit/s and typical bit-rates of 400kbit/s can be expected.

Android Android is a Linux-based Smartphone Operating System and software platform created by Google. The Android platform is supported by the Open Handset Alliance and is open source. Any manufacturer can use Android on their phones and software written for the platform will run on Android-based devices regardless of manufacturer. Android competes with Windows Mobile, S60, and other Smartphone platforms.

Accelerometer The accelerometer is a built-in electronic component that measures tilt and motion. It is also capable of detecting rotation and motion gestures such as swinging or shaking. The most common use for it is to activate auto screen rotation on mobile devices when the user changes the device’s orientation from portrait to landscape or vice-versa. Another modern application for the accelerometer is to control the mobile device music player with gestures (eg: Sony Ericsson Shake control or Samsung Motion Play technologies). Accelerometers are also utilized for enriching the gaming controls (navigating by tilting the device instead of pressing keys). Another popular mobile phone feature based on an accelerometer is ‘turn-to-mute’. It allows user to mute an incoming call, silence an alarm or pause the mobile music player simply by turning the device face down.

236

Module 3: Project & Evaluation Duration: 5 hrs Objectives By the end of the session the student will be able to apply the IT skills they learned in Module 3 to solve a problem.

Instruction for teachers A. B. C. D.

Activity Discussion Students to do the project work The teacher evaluates the work The teacher gives the feedback to the teams

Duration 60 min 150 min 60 min 30 min

A. Discussion This is a team activity. The teacher divides the students in to teams of 4 members. The teacher may choose to retain the teams in the previous module. The project is based on the fictitious situation that the students want to start an IT club in the school. They got permission to start the club and have prepared the material to be used for the inaugural function. They have to now manage the expenses and the mobilisation of the inauguration. Discussion points:     

What additional material should be designed for the inaugural function? What should be its design? (Hint: banners, notice, etc.) What all items have to be managed in the expense side? What all details are there in an invoice they get on purchase of an item? What are the itinerary/ schedule of the inaugural function? What is the design of the invitation cards and who all should be included in the list of invitees?

After the discussion, the teacher collects the rough work from the students on paper and gives suggestions if any. The teacher should also ask the teams to give the schedule of how they plan to complete the work in two and a half hours.

237

The result of the discussion should be the design of the banner, notice, Expense details, sample invoice, schedule for the day of inauguration, design of invitation cards, list of invitees and the project plan on paper. This plan should be verified and corrected by the teacher. 1. Banner and notice made by the students should be uploaded on the blog they create and also send as attachment to the teacher. 2. The expense file and sample invoice should be uploaded on the blog. 3. The URL of the blog each team creates should be send to the teacher and other teams as Email and tweet. 4. Make a web album and upload the pictures of the preparation for inaugural function and send the link as Email.

B. The teacher asks the students to start the project work 1. The project has to be done as team work. The teacher ensures that the work is fairly divided among the members of each team. 2. The teacher monitors the progress of each team to see whether they are progressing according to the plan they gave. 3. By the end of the third hour the teacher should get all the deliverables.

Deliverables: a. Banner design b. Expense details file with the following details: item name, category of expense, expense of the item and Grand total expense at the end of the list. This should be supported with a category wise expense chart. c. The sample invoice with the following details: Item name, unit price, Quantity, Total price, Tax, Discount, Total invoice amount. (Sample invoice is given below.) d. Design of invitation card. e. Schedule for the day of inauguration in LibreOffice. f. List of invitees in Spreadsheet in sorted order. g. Blog updated with the link of the supporting documents. h. Web album with pictures.

Sample Invoice Invoice No: 1235 Item name Unit Price Item A Item B

100 50 Tax in % Discount in %

Quantity

Date: 1/10/2012 Total price

2 5 12.5 Total 10 Grand Total

200 250 56.25 506.25 51 455.25

Rounded Amount

455

238

C. The teacher evaluates the documents 1. Each team gives their presentation in front of the class. The good practices of presentations should be evaluated for the presentations of the teams. 2. The other teams are also asked to note their feedbacks while a team presents. 3. At the end of each team’s presentation, the teachers and other teams can raise questions. 4. The teams are evaluated based on: a. Team presentation they make b. Content of the presentations c. Expense details and invoice in Spreadsheet d. Banner and notice e. Blog update

D. Teacher gives the feedback to the teams The teacher meets each team separately and gives the feedback. The feedback can consist of the following points:   

What did they do right in the team presentation? What are the areas of improvement? How were the banners, docs, albums etc. they created?

After the feedback from the teacher, the feedback noted by the teams is also shared. Each team should also make the necessary corrections based on the feedback they get.

239