Ch 12 Sound Waves Notes Smith 2014

 Sounds waves are compressional waves that travel through a medium and reach the ear.  Speed of Sound averages:  Air - 343 m/s– about 1 mile every 5 sec  Water - 1,498 m/s  Steel - 5,960 m/s  Speed of Sound: depends on the elasticity, density and temperature  Elasticity –Sound travels faster in more elastic objects.  Temperature – the higher the temperature the faster the speed of sound. Properties of Sound  Intensity – the amount of energy the wave carries  Loudness – human perception on intensity. Measured in decibels (dB). Frequency and Pitch  Frequency – the number of vibrations per second  Human Hearing – between 20 Hz – 20,000 Hz  Below 20 Hz is called infrasound  Above 20,000 Hz is called ultrasound  Pitch - dependent of frequency 

High frequency yields high pitch sounds

 Low frequency yields low pitch

 Natural frequency – every material has a particular frequency at which it will vibrate.  Resonance – when the frequency of sound matches the natural frequency of an object.

Doppler Effect- The change in pitch or frequency due to a moving wave source.

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