CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

CS100- Introduction to Computing, Fall 2007 Jargon List Jargon List 1 Topic: Introduction to Computers Computer science/computing science Computer Program Unambiguous Electronic Device Mechanical Device Input Processing Output Data Information Catagorization of computer systems: Personal Computer (PC) Desktop Computer Workstation Notebook Computer Portable Tablet PC Digital Pen Handheld personal computer Personal Digital Assistant Smart phones Network Server Mainframe computer Minicomputers/midrange computer Supercomputer Wearable computer Hardware Software Computer system System unit User Terminal Computers in society

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Jargon List 2 Topic: History and Evolution of Computers Note: You do not need to remember exact dates, just the sequence and decade of important events

Abacus Jacquard’s Loom -1805 Punched cards Mechanical Babbage’s Analytical Engine -1833 General purpose computer Vacuum tube - 1904 Turing machine – 1936 Turing test ABC – 1939, First electronic computer using vacuum tubes Harvard Mark 1 – 1943 ENIAC – 1946, first large-scale, general-purpose electronic computer Transistor – 1947, Eureka! Floppy disk 1950 UNIVAC 1 – 1951, First computer designed for commercial usage ARPANET -1969, Precursor of the today’s global Internet Intel 4004 – 1971, First Microprocessor Altair 8800 – 1975, commercially available 1st Personal Computer Cray 1 – 1976, first commercial supercomputer Rise of PC – 1980’s Computer virus NSFnet IBM PC & MS DOS - 1981 Apple Macintosh – 1984, WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointing Device) WWW – 1989 Deep Blue Mechanical computing Electro-mechanical computing Electronic computing Quantum computing Jargon List 3 Topic: Computer Organization and Hardware Computer Organization Computer System

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Components (parts) Data Hardware Software Programs User Transforming data into information Hardware Processing devices Memory devices Input and output devices Storage devices Processor Control Unit Integer Unit Floating Point Unit Cache Memory Memory Memory Bus System Bus CPU Microprocessor Intel AMD Motherboard Printed Circuit Board System Clock Memory Devices Read-Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Cache Memory Battery Power Supply Ports Expansion Slots Address Bus Data Bus Hertz Hz, GHz Peripherals (e.g. mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer) USB Hot swappable Input devices Mouse Keyboard

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Microphone Touchpad Scanner Output devices Monitor Printer Hard copy Soft copy Computer Ports Keyboard and mouse ports USB ports Parallel port (older printers connected here) Network Modem Audio Serial port (connects terminals or modems. Mice, keyboards, and other peripheral devices also connected in this way in older systems) Microphone Speakers VGA output (to monitor) TV/S-Video output (connects to TV) Plug and play devices Power Supply Case Removable Drive CD-ROM Drive (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) Disc Drive Tape Drive Hard Drive (magnetic) Floppy Drive Video Card Sound Card Real-time clock CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide semiconductor) BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) CMOS Battery Heat Sink Fan Microprocessor Memory Bus System Bus Bus Interface Unit Control Unit

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Data Cache Instruction Cache Instruction Decoder ALU - Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Arithmetic Unit also called Integer (whole number) unit FPU - Floating Point(fractional numbers) Unit Registers Processing Speed Size of registers (16, 32, 64 bit processor) Memory and computing power (compare 64MB, 128MB, 512MB, 1GB RAM) Size of cache memory (more cache memory, more processing speed) Clock speed POST - Power-ON Self Test Computer Program Run a program Application Software System Software Machine Cycle Fetch Decode Execute Information Processing Cycle Bit Byte Kilo Byte, KB, one thousand bytes Mega Byte, MB, one thousand KB Giga Byte, GB, one thousand MB Tera Byte, TB, one thousand GB Volatile Non-Volatile Memory Storage Storing data Accessing data Storage Devices Magnetic Storage 0(OFF), 1(ON): Polarity of magnetic particles Tape (Sequential Access) Diskettes (Random access) Floppy Disk Hard Disk

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Optical Storage 0(OFF), 1(ON): Lands, Pits Optical Read/Write Head Laser CD – Compact Disc CD ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD – Digital Video Disc DVD ROM DVD R Blue laser disk Solid State Devices Flash memory Smart cards Data Storage on magnetic disk Tracks, sectors Data backup Read/Write Head Capacity of storage device in MB, GB, TB Jargon List 4 Topic: Number Systems Number system, allow counting and operations: add, multiply etc. Base 10, decimal number system, most common, everyday use Base 2, binary, used in computers Base 16, Hexadecimal, used in talking about computers Base n: Any base, n available digits or options for each location Location/column weights: The value by which each digit is multiplied according to its location. E.g. in base 10, the weights are 1(100), 10(101), 100(102), 1000(103) and so on base 2, the weights are 1(20), 2(21), 4(22), 8(23) and so on base 3, the weights are 1(30), 3(31), 9(32), 27(33) and so on Conversions between number systems Decimal to binary Binary to decimal Decimal to hexadecimal Hexadecimal to decimal ASCII Text Codes Jargon List 5 Topic: Operating Systems

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Operating System Manager Manages Resources (hardware and software resources) Time Memory Storage (File storage) Programs/Tasks/Processes Input/output devices User Interface Graphical user interface Applications Time management between multiple tasks (time slicing) Specific operating systems MSDOS Windows 9x (95, 98) Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows NT or networks Unix Linux MAC OS Palm OS Types of OS Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Single-User, Single-Task Single-User, Multi-Task Multi-User, Multi-Task Types of user interfaces (UI) Command Line UI, Text only, e.g. MSDOS Graphical UI (GUI), e.g. Windows Managing Hardware Interrupt File File system File Allocation Table (FAT) OS Utilities (Anti-virus utility, firewall) Backup Jargon List 6 Topic: World Wide Web WWW Logically unified

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CSCS 100 - Fall 2007

Wajeeha Akram, Asher Imtiaz

Physically distributed Browser, displayes webpages Uniform Resource Locator (URL) , web address Parts of URL .edu .pk .gov .com .org Mosaic – first browser IE Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Navigating the web Web links (Hyperlinks) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), the mechanism by which web pages are transferred on the web. Hyper Text (text + images + video + programs) HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) – webpage are written in HTML Protocol – Web page Web site Search engine Google Internet and Web Impact of WWW on society

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