International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763

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SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SENSOR AND SINGLE AXIS CONTROL P.P.DESAI1, V.H. ATODARIA2, A.P.PARMAR3, PROF. P.PANCHAL4 1

Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 3 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 4 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 2

ABSTRACT People have started moving towards the non-conventional sources of energy in this global warming period. Energy generated from these resources should be used in effective manner. As far as energy consumption of any device is one of the important concerns, the proper utilization has also its own importance. This paper represents the street-light structure with the sole-purpose of reducing energy-consumption. Basically, it consists of three parts, first trying to comprehend the concept of energy harnessing and then attempting to utilize it in utmost possible way. After that as a part of innovative application about how to optimize the power consumed using different electronics

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components like charge controller and sensor. Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is used for the concerned project with a purpose of activation of led-street-light only when an object is passing through the subjected peripheral of street-light thereby saving energy for further usage and will be useful to prolong the utilization time of street-light. Solar energy is consumed maximum from sun through proper azimuth angle adjustment. The main aim of representing this paper is to deploy this project on commercial basis in market.

Keywords : Charge controller, Energy Consumption, LED Street light, PIR sensor, Solar Panel.

1 INTRODUCTION The increasing demand of energy, the depletion of fossil fuel

SOR AND SINGLE AXIS CONTROL “is the idea we believe to

reserves, the unexpected events taking place on the interna-

be a design, to get implemented, which can bring a revolution

tional scene (local armed conflicts, natural disasters like earth-

in the street-light usage-concerned fields.

quakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, etc.) that have the poten-

In a country like India, where cost effectiveness speaks for

tial to partially cripple the energetic systems, proves that the

itself, we intend to build a design which not only provides

energy security and diversity is a serious aspect that the man-

low-cost product as an outcome but also uses solar energy in

kind should seriously consider when deciding the short and

its utmost possible way, given the circumstances [2]. This

middle term energy policy. The general opinion shared by the

street light uses single axis tracker which tracks the path of the

most part of the specialists supports the idea that the exclusive

sun , for the given elevation angle, and aims to absorb maxi-

dependence on the energy produced from fossil fuels (coal, oil,

mum as possible energy from the sun through solar panel to

nuclear, etc.) is hazardous, unsustainable and harmful for the

the battery . Another emphasis, in this idea, is given to the

environment [1]. Here we think of a product which is basically

proper utilization of street-light i.e. activation of it. An imple-

constructed for rural are and especially for a pedestrian pur-

mentation of lighting circuitry is done in such a way, cascaded with PIR sensor that it will turn on lights only when someone

pose. “SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SENCopyright © 2013 SciResPub.

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International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763

is passing through the subjected area. Hence it will save the

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3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

energy during night time as well absorb energy during daytime. So, a dual-purpose product focuses on low energyconsumption

along

with

High

energy

utilization.

2 RESEARCH FINDINGS Much research has been carried out in the field of solar power harnessing system using multiple techniques [3]. However, no such product exists in market that can be manufactured for commercial purposes of rural parts and can satisfy the needs of street-lights with such power-usage optimization. It has been limited to its research papers only. Use of single axis tracker can be shifted to dual-axis tracker which can add sev-

FIG 1: Block Diagram

eral costs to the product itself. This paper shows the simplified idea which involves automated solar-energy reining system

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implemented on street-light system as well as application of

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM

PIR that can be used in a day-to-day life and can be manufac-

Due to “photovoltaic effect”, solar panel functions to absorb

tured easily. The advantages of this idea include low cost, easy

energy through the sun throughout the day-time. Here the

to handle, low maintenance, low power consumption. Fur-

storage- path of the energy to battery passes through the

thermore, this technique can be used in other area also such as

charge-controller. Charge-controller, basically, supervises the

automation of home appliances such as to switch on-off the

flow of current and amount of charging through the solar-

house-lighting system, fans, lights, etc. The cost-effectiveness

panel. If this amount exceeds the battery’s capacity, it attempts

and proper return of investment due to implement of solar-

to protect it from further damage. It has a relay-switching

panel system gives an edge to the subjected module. The block

mechanism which switches the path of charging to low cur-

diagram, flow chart and photograph of the prototype of the

rent-high resistance path hence the prevention from over-

Solar LED Street Light using Motion Sensor and Single Axis

charging is done. Here Dusk-To-Dawn sensor monitors the

Control are stated below.

operation of the circuitry of assembled system. Depending on the light-intensity incident on it, it activates the day-time circuitry i.e. tracking system or night-time circuitry i.e. PIR sensor system .During day-time, the LDR (Light Dependent Sensor) of the Dusk-To-Dawn sensor is exposed to the light. Hence it connects the panel with tracker circuitry. The tracker circuitry basically consists of H-bridge circuit which rotates the motor according to the voltage-distribution across the two sides of H-bridge. Now, with the help of two LDRs mounted on solar-panel such a way that one faces the East direction and

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International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763

the other one faces the West. In accordance with the amount of 4

482

5 FLOW CHART OF THE SYSTEM

light-intensity incident on each of these two LDRs, the tracking circuitry automates motor’s motion. Hence, in accordance with sun’s motion, tracker circuitry moves solar panel’s position by changing the azimuth angle for the given elevationangle continuously, thereby yielding maximum energyharnessing. For the given unequal amount of energy incident on each of the LDRs, motor rotates the panel in clockwise or anti-clockwise id est East or West direction respectively. Hence, the given system functions as an automated system, once proper setup is done. For this operation, it should be noted that the power is provided by the same battery and it consumes so lesser amount of it with respect to the amount which it is able to obtain. FIG 2: Flow Chart of the System

During the dusk time, the panel faces the west direction. Depending upon the amount of light-intensity, the dusk-to-down

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sensor activates the night time circuitry. Here the sensitivity of this sensor can be adjusted depending upon the season .For

6 PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM

example, for the winter-time we can keep sensitivity low as

night time is early and the opposite for the summer. During night-time the PIR (passive infrared) sensor monitors the subjected arena. Appropriate placement of the sensor itself matters the most for the proper operation. The aim behind the

implementation of such equipment is the logic of frequency of pedestrians passing by the area subjected during different times of the whole night-time. So, activation of LED circuitry for the lighting-purpose is done only when someone walks through the area cross the subjected street light. If nobody passes by the concerned arena, it remains off thereby saving the storage of energy in the battery. Again, during the dawn, depending on light-intensity incident on Dusk-To-Dawn senFIG 3: Photograph of the Prototype System

sor, it activates tracker circuitry and de-activates the lighting circuitry. Tracker tracks the sun and adjusts panel’s position in

The above figure shows the prototype of the idea presented in

the East direction, all by itself automatically and the whole

this paper. If such construction and idea is implemented on

operation mentioned above repeats itself continuously every

commercial basis then it will be a great success and can bring a

day.

new revolution in solar energy generation and its utilization.

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7 CONCLUSION Solar energy as one of the important and major renewable source of energy also proves itself useful in functioning of constructions like street-lights. In order to achieve safety and to increase the capacity of battery, charge controller is necessary module. To harness as maximum as possible energy from sun, solar tracker becomes important component. PIR sensor proves itself a quintessential division of given module in order to achieve the aim of minimum consumption of energy as possible.

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REFERENCES

1.] Tiberiu TUDORACHE1, Constantin Daniel OANCEA2,

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Liviu KREINDLER3 published paper on “Performance Evalu-

ation of a Solar Tracking PV Panel” in U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, Vol. 74, Iss. 1, 2012.

2.] “Non conventional energy source” by G.D.RAI, Khanna Publishers, 4th Edition, 2000.

3.] LED Street Light Research Project, Remaking Cities Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 2011. 4.] http://ecopia.com.au/solar-chargers 5.] http://www.supernovatechnologies.net

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