警诫 在卧底行动中,执法人员由于使用卧底身份,因此显然不适宜对可能的被告作出警诫。但 是在这里,不妨对警诫做一个简单的介绍。 保安司(现为保安局)于 1992 年 10 月刊宪了《查问疑犯及录取口供的规则及指示》。其 中规则 II 规定了警诫词的内容如下: “唔系是必要你讲嘅,除非你自己想讲喇,但系你所讲嘅嘢,可能用笔写低及用嚟做证供 嘅。” 其对应的英文版本为 “You are not obliged to say anything unless you wish to do so but what you say may be put into writing and given in evidence.” 普通话版本为 “你不一定要说话,除非你有话要说。但是,你说的话可能会写下来及用作证据。” (注:广东话版本和英文版本来自于刊宪的规则及指示。普通话版本来自于立法会 CB(2)754/05-06(04)号文件, 当时为建议版本。笔者并未考证该版本现在是否为正式版 本。) 警诫词的目的包括提醒被告他的保持缄默权。Hall v The Queen [1971] 1 WLR 298。 根据《查问疑犯及录取口供的规则及指示》规则 II:“当警务人员有证据及合理理由怀疑 任何人干犯罪行,便应先向该人实行警诫或安排他人向其施行警诫,才可查问或进一步查 问与该罪行有关之事宜。” “在施行警诫后,如向任何人问话或该人选择作供,在可行情 况下应尽快同时将开始及终止文化或作供的时间、地点及在场的人士记录下来。” 因此,警诫不是必须的。如果没有证据及合理理由怀疑被告干犯罪行,警务人员可以不做 警诫。这是一个非常技术性的论点。而它往往牵涉到一些非常复杂的情况。例如在 HKSAR v Li Tai Kam (2010) (上诉庭) 一案中,被告的供词是在没有警诫的情况下做出的。 但是上诉庭认可了当时警务人员尚未有证据及合理理由怀疑被告牵涉犯罪,因此认定警务 人员并没有违反与警诫有关的规则。
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