St. Mary’s Laprairie/ Prairie Portage/ the Portage/ Portage la Prairie | Provisional Government of Assiniboia _______________________________________________________ The Očhéthi Šakówiŋ/ ‘Sioux’ Village(s) From 1821, ‘The Sioux’/ Dakota had made occasional visits to Upper Fort Garry, professing friendship. The U.S.- Santee Sioux wars began in 1862. On 28 December of that year “The first Sioux refugees, a group of eighty-six, appeared at Fort Garry,” fifteen of whom were from the ‘lower bands’ — Mdewakanton or Wahpekutes. They stayed only two days, concluded a treaty with the Métis, then returned to their winter camp at Devil’s Lake, U.S. In May 1863, Taoyateduta/ Little Crow returned to Fort Garry with “a party of about eighty Sioux, including a few women.” Little Crow “said that the elders of the tribe had been told during the War of 1812 that if they ever got into trouble with the Americans they should appeal to the British, and the ‘folds of the red flag in the north would wrap them round and preserve them from their enemies.” He requested sanctuary for his people in British territory, then departed. On 20 November 1863 “a small party arrived, followed by a much larger group on December 11. More continued to arrive until about six hundred Sioux were camped at Sturgeon Creek, some six miles from the fort.” They eventually moved about twenty miles further west on the White Horse Plain, then broke into smaller hunting and fishing camps. Chief Eatoka/ Shakpedan/ Zhaagobens/ Little Shakopee/ Sakpe/ ‘Little Six‘ (a leader of the Yankton Dakota in Minnesota), and Wa-Kan-O-Zhan-Zhan/ Wa-Kan-O-ZanZan/ ‘Medicine Bottle‘ were deceived, drugged, and subjected to a cross-border abduction by Canadian residents of the Town of Winnipeg. (They were transported to prison in Fort Snelling, tried before a military tribunal, and executed there on 11 November 1865.) The remaining Sioux hunted buffalo alongside Métis the following spring. On their return, the number of Sioux had increased to almost 3000. They were led by Tatanka-najin/ Standing Buffalo, Waanatan [II], Wapasha [III] / Wapahasha/ Wabasha/ ‘The Leaf’/ ‘Red Leaf’/ ‘Red Flag’, and Wakinyanwaste/ Waka-nyaw-waste/ Wakingaste/ Wakinyanwaste/ Wa-kin-yan-was-te / ‘Turning Thunder’/ Andrew Good Thunder. They made their primary camps in the vicinity of Portage la Prairie, High Bluff and Poplar Point. Reportedly, the Sioux were regarded as interlopers by some Saulteaux. Allegedly, in 1864 a Sioux fishing camp on Lake Manitoba was fired upon by Saulteaux — leaving 20 people dead. Other attacks were reported sporadically. Nevertheless many of the Sioux returned to the Portage area on seasonal rounds and by 1865 there were about 680 lodges west of Upper Fort Garry. In December 1869 five hundred Sioux were said to be wintering at Portage la Prairie, including a group recently arrived from the Mouse/ Souris River, near the international boundary. More arrived in 1870. Although subsequently many moved away from the area — either back to the U.S., or to reserves — some stayed, creating Portage la Prairie Sioux Village No. 8a along the Assiniboine south of Portage. _______________________________________________________ [?] [hereditary Chief] Ta-Tanka-Nazin/ Tatanka-najin/ ‘Standing Buffalo’ (Santee Sisseton, born 1820 to Star Face and an unidentified woman; died 1869/ 1870, Montana) Mobile inhabitant. In 1862-1864, crossed the boundary into British territory, leading about 500 refugees. Left, then recrossed 1866. Band devastated by smallpox 1869-1870. [?] [hereditary Chief] Matokinajin/ ‘Standing Bear’/ ‘Little Standing

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St. Mary’s Laprairie/ Prairie Portage/ the Portage/ Portage la Prairie | Provisional Government of Assiniboia Buffalo’/ Louis Philippe Abelard (Santee born c. 1850 to Standing Buffalo and an unidentified woman). Mobile inhabitant. Obtained a reserve 1878 (Saskatchewan). [?] [Chief] Wapahaska/ ‘Whitecap’/ ‘White Warbonnet’ (Santee, born 1819; died 1889) Mobile. In 1862-1864, crossed the boundary into British territory with Little Crow and refugees; carried an alliance medal from the War of 1812, which he showed to British officials as a reminder of his nation’s relationship with the Crown. Hunted with Métis — particularly the brigade led by Jean Baptiste Wilkie, and with that of Pierre Berger and George Racette. Obtained a reserve 1879 (Saskatchewan). [?] Tumma “spoke some French” [?] ‘Northwind’/ Thomas ‘Tom‘ Whiteman (born to ‘Old Dacotah’ and an unidntified woman) Married twice. Settled at Standing Buffalo Reserve, near Fort Qu’Appelle [SK] [?] Women, children, and men of Taoyateduta/ Little Crow’s Band [?] Women, children, and men of  Eatoka/ Shakpedan/ Zhaagobens/ Little Shakopee/ Sakpe/ Little Six’s Band _______________________________________________________

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