local indigenous Handcrafting is local, in origin, culture-based, locallycentered and nature-based Handcrafted products today are endogenously developed as they are affected by modern development Today’s products are hybrids of indigenous and modern In Marinduque, these handcrafted products of livelihood are the butterfly y handcrafting, g, buntal loom weaving, ceramics and morion mask carving.

Traditional ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐Modern Continuum

These are the focused of this study.

R h Methodology M th d l Research ---combination of qualitative and quantitative research ---survey, interview guide question ---case studies ---fieldwork, participant-observer approach (POA) ---focused-group discussion (FGD) ---commodity analysis and mapping Loom weaving in Torrijos during the fieldwork

---self-contained respondents: butterfly (5), buntal loom (8), ceramics (3) and morion mask (2)

Results and Discussion A. The Sociocultural/historical Dimension 1. The Butterfly Handcrafting

Romeo Lumawig (88yrs.) Citation given to Mr. Lumawig by M i i lit off Boac Municipality B

---started as a hobby by Romeo Lumawig in 1965 ---collecting butterflies in the wild started when they were commercialised ---endogenous ideas started when Japanese entomologists arrived in 1972 ---butterfly farming started in 1984, when the larval host plants Butterfly Cage were identified, thus making Typical g (88) ( ) Lumawig the livelihood sustainable ---butterfly product development was introduced through World Bank funding f nding in 1998 ---cross-breeding was accidentally developed Dried specimens (deadstock)

Sample of novelty items from the wings of butterflies

Lived pupae (livestock)

2. The Morion Mask Carving Morion mask carving using endemic trees

---started as a religious fest of Thanksgiving in 1884 for the stop of Moro piracy in Marinduque, thus the term “moryon or Moro yon” ---endogenous ideas emerged when become a part of Sinakulo, because the Thanksgiving Fest jibed with Holy Week ---the “moryon” now becomes “morion” using like Roman centurions, thus participants use wooden mask of Roman features including costumes ---commercialised as part of Marinduque’s Marinduque s tourism activity, activity morion masks and costumes are also connercialised

A “Moro yun” camouflaged with leaves of plants

A Spanish conquistador and the Roman Centurions

3. The Buntal Loom Weaving

Loom weaving using buri fiber Corypha elata (Buri Palm)

---handy work of the early natives before Spanish Conquistadores arrived ---plain buri leaves until such time the fibers could be extracted from the stalks ---colouring like dye was added ---material mixed was added using other available materials ---mass production for export started in 1990 through the DTI

4. The Ceramics Livelihood Old pottery techniques— Palayok making

Sample of Chinese jar in Marinduque Museum

---presumed brought by the early Malays as based on shards of ceramics found in the caves and ancient burial g grounds on the slopes p of Mt. Malindig ---glazed potteries were introduced by the Chinese ---belong to Kalanay pottery complex of the Visayan Islands ---large deposits of clay in the province, both red-burning & white clay ---DOST, DTI and Marinduque State College trained women for small-scale production

B. The Present Picture of the Handcrafters N = 18 ((8-buntal,, 5-butterfly, y, 3-ceramics,, 2morion mask) Gender

Male = 33%

Female = 67%

Age Bracket

30-40 yrs (61%), 41-50 yrs (11%), 51-62 yrs (28%)

Ed Education ti

Elementary El t (30%), (30%) Secondary (47%), College (23%)

Years of engagement in the livelihood

1-5 yrs (17%) (17%), 6-10 yrs (33%), 11-15 yrs (33%), 16-20 yrs (17%)

Production system

Order basis (67%), customers’ design (11%) Other system (22%)

Sources of labour

Family (72%), paid labour (11%), others (17%)

N = 18 (8-buntal, 5-butterfly, 3-ceramics, 2morion mask) Capital p ((Php) p)

5,000 , ((33%)) 10,000 (6%) 15,000 (6%) >15,000 (55%)

Sources of capital

From savings (50%) Sales of animals (44%) Loan (6%)

M thl income Monthly i (Php) (Ph )

<1,000 <1 000 (22%) (22%), 1,000-5,000 (67%), 6,000-10.000 (11%)

Marketing points

Within Marinduque (72%) Manila (17%) Other cities (Lucena, San Pablo) (11%)

B. The Marketing and Material Purchasing Scheme 1. The Butterfly Handcrafting Consumers (individuals, hotel operators, exhibitors, etc.)

Handcrafted products traders / purchasers (local & foreign marketers)

Purchase packaging materials, acquire business permits, export permits, etc.

Middlema n Handcrafters / processors (makers of novelty products, key chains, framed products, jewelry accessories) Middleman

Farmers / breeders Butterfly collectors / gatherers in the (wild)

Purchase processing materials (resin, chemicals, wood & synthetic frames, special papers, accessories, etc.) generally in Manila, acquire business permits Purchase materials like preservatives, finemeshed nets, hostpplants,, gglassine ppaper, p , other gathering materials, etc.

Dried specimens or Deadstock Lived pupae or Livestock

2. The Buntal Loom Products

Consumers (individuals, hotel operators, exhibitors, etc.)

Middlema n Handloom weavers ((operated p byy a cooperative) Buntal stalk collectors and fiber strippers

Weaved buntal loom Purchase buntal fibers and other processing materials (threads, dyes, preservatives and other materials) generally in Manila. Purchase packaging materials and acquire business permits.

Buntal bags

3. The Ceramics Handcrafting

Consumers (mostly in the province)

Middleman

R. Gabisan Decorative Jars

Purchase clay, wood firing materials for the operation of the kiln and processing materials (sandpapers, paints, varnish and other materials for finishing).

Finished ceramics

3. The Morion Mask Handcrafting

Consumers (purchase by order & generally d i Lenten during L t season

Middleman

Morion mask carvers

Purchase soft wood and other processing i materials t i l (sandpapers, paints, varnish, brushes and other materials for finishing).

C. Common Problems of the Livelihoods

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 7.

Unstable orders Low income Limited capital Increasing cost of production Environmental problems with DENR Shortage of some raw materials “S l tan” of buyers “Sulutan” b ers / purchasers p rchasers / brokers of prod products cts

Thank you! Good day to all!