Golden jackal – new carnivore in Northern Europe? Peep Männil, Inga Jõgisalu, Janis Ozolins, Urmas Saarma, Tiit Maran
First hard evidence of golden jackal Canis aureus existence in Baltics – shot individual in Matsalu NP, West Estonia 28.02.2013
Distribution range of jackal in Europe (Arnold, J., Humer, A., Heltai, M., Spassov, N., Hackländer, K. 2012. Current status and distribution of golden jackals Canis aureus in Europe. Mammal Review 42 (1): 1-11)
6.8.2013 NE Estonia
Jelgava, Latvia Jan. 2014
29.1.14 Matsalu W Estonia
Mailing from Belarus Hunter`s Forum
Что за чупокабра попала попала под раздачу ? « : Июль 22, 2014, 22:44:55 pm » Было две, стало ноль Фото не очень тк с телефона
Locations and number of jackals shot in Estonia and Latvia in 2013-2014
Autopsy – age, stomack contents, parasites
0 + years old
Adult (2-3 years old)
No 1 2 3 4
County Lääne I-Viru Pärnu Lääne
Hunting area sex Matsalu NP F Kiviõli M Orajõe F Matsalu NP M
date 28.02.2013 6.08.2013 9.12.2013 29.01.2014
group size 1 1 1 1
weight 12 10,5 11,5 13,3
body lenght body height 78 50 76 50 86 51 89 52
age 0 2-3 0 0
CONTENTS OF STOMACHS
Š1
Age group 0+ year
Hunting data 28/2/13
Š4
0+ year
29/1/14
Š3
2-3 year
6/8/13
Š2
0+ year
9/12/13
Hunting Area
Food item
West-Estonia; Matsalu National Park West-Estonia; Matsalu National Park Northeast-Estonia, Kiviõli Southwest-Estonia; Häädemeeste
Goat hair, skin, bones (1 kg) Wild boar hairs and skin Empty, inflammatory 200g apples, 5 voles (2 big and 3 small) 1 caterpillar
INDENTIFIED HELMINTH SPECIES OF GOLDEN JACAKL (N=4) IN ESTONIA HELMINTH SPECIES
LOCATION
NUMBER OF ANIMALS INFECTED
MIN/MAX PER ANIMAL
Small intestine
2
2/81
Small intestine
1
4
Small intestine Lungs Lungs
2 1 1
2/20 1 1
TREMATODA
Alaria alata CESTODA
Mesocestoides lineatus NEMATODA
Uncinaria stenocephala Crenosoma vulpis Capillaria aerophila
Monitoring • Bio-acoustic method – howling stimulation • Number of territorial pairs/groups in certain area
www.goldenjackal.eu
Camera traps
In 2014: 2-3 reproductions in West (South Matsalu) and 1 in SW Estonia (Häädemeeste)
Wanted? No • Bad reputation in general public • new nest predator (ornitologists)
• new concurent (hunters) • wery poorly studied species comparing to other LC
Legal status International • IUCN category in EU – near thretened
• EU Habitats Directive Annex V (hunting is allowed if it doesn`t endanger the favourable conservation status)
Estonian • Alien species since 2013 • Hunting was allowed without numerical, temporal and spatial limits 1.10.2013 – 31.03.2014 (directive of Environmental Board )
• Similar directive for this year: hunting open season October 2014 31.03.2015
Genetics - all 4 specimen from Estonia and two specimen from Latvia are proved to be golden jackals (mtDNA analysed in Tartu University) - Preliminary results of European population suggest that Estonian jackals might be originated from Caucasus (microsatellite analyses made in Museum & Institute of Zoology PAS, Warszawa)
- Microsatellite analyses of European jackal population (including samples from Latvia) are in process in Tartu University
Northern border of known range of golden jackal in Europe and probable migration paths (by GOJAGE, 2013)
Back to South or
forward to North?
