6+-tDP;o-| Mailam Ensineerins Collese. Mailam I]IYIT _ II
IRRIGATION METIIODS
Cenrl irrfuation demerits
-
- Lift i{gafron -
Sprinkler irrigation
- Drip
Tank ilrigation
irrigation.
-
Flooding methods
-
Merits and
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TWOMARKS OUESTIONS AI\D AI\SWERS 1, What ar? the types of irrigation?
Flow irri8ation
Lift
irigation (Well inigation)
Class
Perennial irrigation
lnundation iirigation
Source Storage irrigation
Direct irrigation (Diversion scheme) 2.
(Storage scheme)
Combined storage and
diversion scheme
what do you mean by flow irrigation? Flow irrigation is the type of irrigation in which the supply of irrigation water available is at such
a level that it is conveyed on to the land bythe gravity flow. 3. Define
lift irrigation.
Lift irrigation is practiced when the water supply is at too low a level to run by gravity on to the land. ln such a circumstances water is lifted up by mechanical means. 4. Define perennial irrigation
ln this perennial irrigation system, the water required for irrigation is supplied in accordance with the crop requirements throughout the crop period. s' Define
inundatH:::: carried out by deep flooding and thoroush saturation of the tand to be
cultivated, which
is
then drained off prior to the planting of the crop.
6. Define direct irrigation.
In this system, water is directly diverted to the canal without attempting to stole the water. For such a system, a low diversion weir or diversion barrage is constructed across the river.
storage irrigation? 7. What do you meant by across the river and or storage weir is constructed a solid barrier' such as a dam ln this system,
lake so formed' water is stored in the reservoir or 8, Define Gombined irrigation'
lnthissystem,thewaterisfirststoredinthereservoirformedattheupstreamsideofthedam, back in to the from the powerhouse is fed discharge The generation. power and this water is used for in the river' quantity of flow is again available of the dam. Thus, sufficient side downstream to the river, of method of 9. What are the different classifiGations
inigation?
lrrigation methods sub-surface irrigation
Surface irrigation
Counter farming
Flooding irrigation
Furrow method
Wild flooding
controlled flooding
Free
flooding counter
checks basin
border strips
zigzag
or levees flooding method
Laterals 10.
Sprinkler irrigation
controlled flooding? what do you mean by uncontrolled and to control the over the land' with proper methods is spread water flooding' ln the controlled
depth of aPPlication.
smooth flat land' spread of r flooded on a rather In the uncontrolled floocling' water is
without much control or prior preparation' for adaptation of any irrigation method? 11. What are the basic requirements
l.Themethodshouldbesuchthatuniformwaterdistributionwithassmallas6cmWater irrigations' depth applications can be made for light 20 cm water depth' heavy uniform application of 15 to 2. At the same time, it should afford 3.
It should allow the
use
reduction of of large concentrated water flows for
losses, and labour cost'
4.
conveyance structure' lt should be suitable for use with economic
conveyance
lil.
What do you mean by free flooding?
ln free flooding method, the field is divided into a number of small sized plots which are praaically level. Water is admitted to these plots at the higher end and the supply is cut off as soon as the lower part of the plot has received the sufficient depth of water. 13. Urhere contour laterals are applicable?
Contour laterals are applicable for steeper terrain. The field is cut by relatively dense network of small counter laterals, the spacifrg of which depends upon the prominent grade of the field between
two adjacent ditches or laterals, the uniformity of slope and the soil type. 14. Write about the advantages of
1.
furrow irrlgation.
ln the furrow irrigation, water contacts on ly .
!/5 lo
%
of
the land surface, thereby reducing
pudding and crusting of the soil. Evaporation losses are also reduced.
2. lt is specially suitable for those crops (like maize) they are injured by contact with water. 3. Labour requirements in land preparation and irrigation are very much reduced. 4. There is no wastage of land in field ditches. 15. Under which favourable conditions the sub-surface irrigation is practiced? 1. lmpervious sub-soil at reasonable depth (2 to 3 m) or higher water table.
2. Permanent soil such as loam or sandy loam in the root zone of the soil. 3. Uniformtopographicconditions. 4, Moderate slopes. 5. Good quality irrigation water. 16. Where sprinkler irrigation
is more useful?
1. 2. 3.
The land cannot be prepared for surface methods.
4. 5.
Soil is erosive.
Slopes are excessive
Topography is irregular.
Soil is excessively permeable or impermeable.
17. Write about the advantages of sprinkler
1, 2. 3.
irrigation'
Erosion can be controlled.
Uniform application for water is possible.
lrrigation is better controlled; light irrigation is possible for seedlings and plants, which are young.
4.
Land preparation is not required.
5.
Crop damage from frost can be reduced.
a
18.
irrigation' W]ite about the limltations of sprinkler .:. wind may distort sprinkler pattern' use of equipment' is needed for commercial A constant water supply
* .i'
*
from sand' Water must be clean and free requirement is high' The Power
of drip irrigauon 19. Write about the advantages
.i.
Less requirement of irriSation
.!.
Water suPPlY at optimum level
water'
* Water logging is avoided' ':' HiSh Yield' * Cultivation of cash croPs' of drip irrigation 20. Write about the disadrantages
*
High initial cost'
.3.
Dan8er of blockade of nozles'
'i'
in ftequent replacement of change in the crops may r6suh to due nozzles of in spacing Change
trickle lines'
.3.shallowrootdepthofthecrops,especiallyforfruittreesmayresuhininstabilityofthecropor high winds' tree which may topple during
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