J24 - North Lusitanian meso-Mediterranean cork oak forests (Quercus suber) with Juniperus oxycedrus
Distribution | Scientific names | Community structure | Dominant species | Diagnostically important species | Ecological variants | Geographical variants | Natural accompanying vegetation | Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation | Land use | Site conditions | Nature protection | Loci typici | Literature | Compiled by |Pictures • Title North Lusitanian meso-Mediterranean cork oak forests (Quercus suber) with Juniperus oxycedrus
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Geographical distribution
• Country/territory Portugal: Trás-os-Montes, Duero
• area covered 4610 km²
• area frequency 2 polygons. Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation) Rusco aculeati-Quercetum suberis C. Aguiar ined. •
• Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.) Forests with flat-leaved sclerophyllous species, dominant Quercus suber, accompanied by Quercus faginea and Juniperus oxycedrus, as well as numerous hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes and nanophanerophytes of the forests such as Erica arborea, Daphne gnidium, Rubia peregrina and Ruscus aculeatus.
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Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
• Tree layer Quercus suber, Quercus faginea
• Shrub layer Juniperus oxycedrus, Erica arborea, Daphne gnidium, Pistacia terebinthus
• Lianas Rubia peregrina
• Herb layer Arenaria montana, Asplenium onopteris, Ruscus aculeatus, Luzula forsteri, Dactylorhiza markusii
• Moss layer (incl. lichens) No details • Diagnostically important species Quercus suber; Ruscus aculeatus, Pistacia terebinthus, Juniperus oxycedrus; Dactylorhiza markusii
• Ecological variants a) quercetosum suberis; b) juniperetosum oxycedri
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Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names) on moist soils: Galio broteriani-Alnetum glutinosae, Salicetum lambertiano-salvifoliae, Fraxino angustifoliae-Quercetum pyrenaicae. •
• Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units) Quercus pyrenaica-forests (G65, G67), Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests (J5).
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Land use, substitute communities
• forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub) Quercus suber plantations; strawberry tree scrub: Phillyreo angustifoliaeArbutetum unedonis; scrub: Lavandulo-Cytisetum multiflori, Cytiso multiflori-Retametum sphaerocarpae, Genisto falcatae-Ericetum arboreae, Euphorbio oxyphillae-Cistetum ladanferi.
• grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities) Meadows, pastures; Trifolio subterranei-Poetum bulbosae.
• arable land (characteristic weed communities) Viniculture.
• settlements (typical ruderal vegetation) Spergulario purpureae-Arnoseridetum minimae. •
Site conditions of the mapping unit
• Landscape type, geomorphology hilly country
• Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range meso-Mediterranean
• Geology (bedrock) silicate rocks (Palaeozoic, Precambrian)
• Soil conditions •
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature) (lithic dystric cambisols; orthic luvisols)
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soil texture clayey, loamy
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soil moisture, water balance fresh, moderately dry
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soil reaction acidic, weakly acidic
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soil fertility oligotrophic, oligo-mesotrophic
• Climate incl. local climate
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climate type (following Walter & Lieth) IV(VI), IV7a
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average annual temperature 13-17 °C
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average annual precipitation bis 1100 mm
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average temperature of the warmest month 19-21 °C
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average temperature of the coldest month 2-7 °C
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local climate or other climatic peculiarities ---
Importance for nature protection
• Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment) No details
• endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation No details
• causes of endangerment Cork production.
• required measures for protection and restitution Preservation of more semi-natural stands and protection against commercial exploitation. •
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
• of the natural vegetation Portugal: Douro Internacional.
• of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection --• Most important references (author, year) Aguiar, Carvalho, Rodrigues & Esteves 1997
• Compiled by C. Pinto Gomes
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Pictures
No pictures available
