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Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Research. 2016, 7(2), 15 - 21 Review paper

ROLE OF HERBAL MEDICINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES IN INDIA : A REVIEW Chunendra Kumar Deshlahre*, Ghanshayam Singh Sahu, Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Arvind Kumar, Durgeshnandani Sinha, Mehendra Kumar Dewangan Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Near Vidhansabha Raipur, (C.G.) Corresponding author E-mail: chunend3098gmail.com Received: April -2016; Accepted: May-2016 ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the group of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which is associated with abnormalities in the protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism result in chronic complications. The main objective of the study to presenting the medicinal plants used in India for anti-diabetic purpose. Traditionally most of the plants shows promising anti-diabetic activity. Whole plant and parts of the plant such as bark, root, bark, fruit etc. are being used by the ethnic community to cure diabetes. In comparing to the other parts of the plant the leaves is the mostly used by the traditional people as anti-diabetic purposes of the different plant. The article is summarized the significance of medicinal plants that are used in India as anti-diabetic purpose and the requisite level of activity as well as toxicity would be considered for further scrutiny to develop the potential drug molecules.

Keywords: Medicinal Plants, anti-diabetic drugs, diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Now a day’s diabetes mellitus is the major health problem in the world. It affects approximately 7% of the population and is a major contributor to the other disease states including hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease, chronic renal failure, and various neuropathies and retinopathies. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia associated with disturbances to carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting due to the absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [1].

some 25,000 species of these 150 species is commercially used for extracting medicines or drug formulation[2]. The elevated plasma glucose levels resulting in failure of the various organs especially eye, kidney, nerves, heart and blood vessels. International

Diabetes

Federation

(IDF)

estimates the number of people in india with diabetes to be around 87.0 million by 2030. Diabetes is the condition where the post prandial and fasting (after food) blood glucose level become high (normal 120mg/dl after 2 hours of meal, adult male) due to mainly improper metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins[3]. Symptoms

of

the

marked

hyperglycemia

included polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes According to WHO more than one million

people are used herbal medicines to some extants. The WHO has listed 21,000 plants have reported medicinal uses around the world. India has rich medicinal plant of

with polyphagia, Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also accompany chronic hyperglycemia. Acute, lifethreatening consequences of uncontrolled

diabetes

are

hyperglycemia

with

ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome [4].

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Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes

diabetes develops when the body cannot longer produce

characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of

enough insulin to compensate for the impaired ability to

lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins and an increased risk

use insulin. Symptoms type 2 diabetes may develop

of complicates form vascular disease. Diabetes mellitus

gradually and can be subtle; some people with type 2

are the common and very prevalent disease affecting the

diabetes remain undiagnosed for years[7].

citizens of both developed and developing countries. Type

2

(NIDDM)

generally no

loss or

TYPES OF DIABETES :

moderately loss of β-cell mass occur; insulin in

These are two major types of diabetes mellitus ;

circulation is low and no β -cell antibody is demonstrable. In Western countries the disease affects up to 7% of the

Type 1 - Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Type 1 is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the body does not produce sufficient insulin. It is most often occurs in children and young adults. Type 1

population it affects 5-7% of the world’s population. Type 2 diabetes is common in individuals over the age of 40. It is often associated with obesity, decreased physical activity and heredity. In some countries, childhood diabetes type 2 is more

diabetes accounts for 5–10% of diabetes[5]. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the destruction of pancreatic

common than type 1.

beta cells majority of cases due to autoimmuno Type 2 (NIDDM) diabetes is the result of failure

antibodies. IDDM type of diabetes mellitus is less

to produce sufficient insulin and insulin resistance.

common to the popular. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce sufficient insulin, and daily insulin injections is required. Over 700,000 people in the United States have type 1 diabetes, in 5-10% of all cases of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed during childhood or

Elevated blood glucose levels are managed with reduced food intake, increased physical activity, and eventually oral medications drug or insulin. HERBAL THERAPY FOR DIABETES MELLITUS [8- 49]

early adolescence and it affects about 1 in every 600 children[6].

used in India that have been pharmacologically tested and

Type 2 - Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

proven to be effective as anti-diabetic drugs. Following medicinal plants are reported for the treatment of diabetes

Type 2 is non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in which the body does not produce enough, or improper use of secreted insulin are the most common form of the disease, accounting for 90–95% of diabetes.

Traditional or herbal medicinal plants commonly

Type

2

diabetes

is

nearing

epidemic

proportions, due to increased number of elderly people, and a greater prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles[5]. Type 2 diabetes the most common form of diabetes is caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the body’s muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2

mellitus. Indian traditional health care system uses a number of medicinal plants traditionally over 1000 years in herbal preparations. Medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter cover a major part of traditional medicines. Most of the Indian traditional medical practitioners formulate and dispense their own recipes. 21,000 plants are listed by the WHO, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world Ethnobotanical information reports about 800 plants which possess antidiabetic potential.

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Table 1 : Some medicinal plants With Anti-Diabetic

Table 1 (Contg.) : Some medicinal plants With Anti-

Potential

Diabetic Potential

CONCLUSION The present review

article has presented

comprehensive details of antidiabetic plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This review discussed selective herbal medicinal plant species from India and showed that they have anti-diabetic activity. Presences of the active compounds are mainly responsible for this antidiabetic action. Every plant material is not safe, so need to investigate the toxic effect of these plants before consumption More investigations must be carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of medicinal plants with antidiabetic effect.

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10. Mamun-or-Rashid AN, Hossain MS, Naim

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