LEMNOS & THE ANZACS – 1915 A STORY IN PICTURES

An Exhibition of Photographs from the Archives

Selected, prepared and written by Jim Claven on behalf of the Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee 2015

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Preface This short booklet has been produced as a guide to the photographic exhibition – Lemnos & the Anzac’s – 1915. This exhibition has been produced on behalf of the Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee as part of our program of activities to promote the commemoration of the role of the Aegean Island of Lemnos in the Gallipoli campaign, and specifically the role of the Anzac nurses and soldiers, and their Lemnian hosts in this story. One of the amazing aspects of this story is the legacy of photographs that these young soldiers and nurses have left behind for future generations. While some were professionals, the vast majority were first time photographers. Using new portable camera’s purchased in Australia or in Egypt; they recorded the life around them. Their photos take us from Australia, across the seas to Egypt and Lemnos and then on to Gallipoli. But one of the fascinating aspects of this photographic archive is the way in which together they document their life on Lemnos and the life of the Island and its inhabitants. They portray a unique insight into how the Gallipoli campaign affected Lemnos and its people, and of how these young Australians interacted with the locals. Some of the most poignant images are those taken with and of these local villagers. This is one of the beginnings of the strong link between Greece and Australia, one that would grow with the post-Second World War migration to Australia. The Lemnos archive is a rich one – especially when it is informed by the mass of diaries, letters and memoirs recording in writing the impressions and feelings of these young Anzacs as they enjoyed some respite from the ravages of war. We are committed to bringing this archive and its story to a wider audience, both in Australia, Greece and beyond. Our Committee is working on a number of major projects to raise awareness of the Lemnos link to Anzac and Gallipoli. This includes the erection of a new memorial statue in Albert Park in Melbourne, an associated commemorative publication and a range of other initiatives. Funds raised from this exhibition will go towards making our projects a reality. I would like to thank Jim Claven, historian and Secretary of our Committee, for curating this exhibition, selecting and preparing the photographs and writing this booklet. I hope that you enjoy our exhibition.

Lee Tarlamis JP President Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee 2015

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Acknowledgements The photographs in this exhibition are almost exclusively from archives held in Australia, with two exceptions. I would like to acknowledge the support of the Australian War Memorial, the Imperial War Museum (London), the State Library of NSW, the State Library of Victoria and the Fryer Library at the University of Queensland in allowing me to prepare this exhibition and booklet. These institutions are the custodians of what I would refer to as Australia’s Lemnian photographic archive. They have not only preserved these photographs but have made them available for researchers and members of the public to see and appreciate. I would also acknowledge the Australian War Memorial and the National Archives of Australia. Both these institutions hold great repositories of Australia’s military history, including the service records of serving personnel, associated images and other related historical documents and research. These sources contain a wealth of personal and social history of Australia’s diggers and nurses. And these institutions have made much of this material available to the public through versatile and easy to use website portals. Australia’s historical institutions are well in advance of other national institutions in the world in making this important material available to the public free of charge. I would point out that the photographs that I have selected can only be a personal selection. There are hundreds of photographs from the Lemnos Anzac archive of photographs across the various institutions which hold them. And no doubt there are many more waiting to be discovered and made available to the public in personal collections yet available. However my selection has been informed by my research into the rich vein of history that is the Lemnos link to Gallipoli and Anzac. I intend to publish a far more extensive collection of photographs from this archive, along with a more a thorough re-telling of the Lemnos story. Until that time, I hope you enjoy my selection and that it inspires viewers on their personal journey of discovery. I would like to thank the Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee for supporting my efforts in putting this exhibition together, in particular our President, Lee Tarlamis. His support in promotion of the Lemnos Gallipoli story has been unstinting and deserves praise.

Jim Claven Secretary Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee 2015

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Contents Preface by Lee Tarlamis JP Acknowledgements by Jim Claven 1.

The Anzac Photographers of Lemnos

2.

Lemnos 1915

3.

Lemnos’ Hospitals and the Anzac Camp

4.

Discovering Lemnos and Meeting the Locals

5.

Evacuation and Departure

6.

Anzacs on Lemnos – The Diggers

7.

Anzacs on Lemnos – The Nurses

8.

Lemnos Remembered

9.

Lemnos Australian Roll of Honour – East Mudros

10.

Lemnos Australian Roll of Honour – Portianos

11.

The Photographs

12.

Our Sponsors and Supporters

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1. The Anzac Photographers of Lemnos Along with the contribution of other Allied photographers such as Lieutenant Ernest Brookes, this exhibition is indebted to the ordinary Anzac soldiers and nurses, as well as professional photographers, who came to Lemnos in 1915 and took hundreds of photographs and left behind this great historical archive for us to appreciate. We hope that you enjoy this exhibition of some of their photographs. This is the story of three of those photographers. Sergeant Albert William Savage One of the most prolific of Anzac photographers was Albert William Savage (pictured right). Born in Folkestone, Kent, England, he was a resident of Sydney and a professional photographer when he joined the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) aged 25 in 1915. Originally rejected because of poor eyesight, he was eventually accepted as a special case and embarked for Lemnos on board RMS Mooltan, 15th May 1915. He was posted as a Private to No.3 Australian General Hospital. He would be promoted to Lance Corporal (and later Sergeant). It was while he was here that he captured many images not only soldiers and nurses, but also the local Lemnian villagers and townsfolk. These are now located at the State Library of NSW and the University of Queensland’s Fryer Library. He returned to Australia on the Pakeha, 24th Nov 1919. War Correspondent Philip Schuler Philip Schuler was the son of the editor of Melbourne’s The Age newspaper and its war special correspondent. He sailed aboard the first troopship to leave Melbourne, HMAT Orvieto. While he is well known for his writings on the Gallipoli campaign, he also spent time on Lemnos and took some of the most evocative images of the Island in 1915, including his famous photograph atop Mt Ilias (pictured left). He later volunteered as a Private to serve on the Western Front and was fatally wounded in 1917. Major Laurence Herschel Harris Laurence Herschel Harris was a well-renowned Sydneybased radiographer and a former director of the X-ray department at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. He was one of the first Australian medical men to enlist in 1914. His service took him to Lemnos as the radiographer at the 3rd Australian General Hospital (pictured right). While on Lemnos, Major Harris took a number of photographs of the hospital, Sarpi and the Island itself. His photographs were part of displays to raise funds for the Edith Cavell Memorial Fund. He returned to Australia after the war. He died in 1920. 6|Page

2. Lemnos – 1915 Lemnos … Gallipoli. In 1915 these two places in the northern Aegean became eternally linked in the story of the soldiers and nurses who served in the campaign to seize the Dardanelles Straits and Constantinople. And this would link the Islanders of Lemnos to their new friends, the Anzacs. This photographic exhibition tells the story of this link through a small number of the hundreds of photographs taken by these soldiers and nurses as they came to Lemnos in 1915. Lemnos was chosen as the main base for the whole Gallipoli campaign because of its location and unique features. Liberated from the Ottoman Empire barely two-years before, Lemnos was offered to the Allies by the Greek government as the base for the coming campaign. Lemnos’s large protected harbour at Mudros Bay – the biggest in the eastern Mediterranean - and its proximity to the Gallipoli Peninsula made it the perfect choice. Ships and soldiers began arriving on Lemnos from February 1915, the first Anzacs arriving in March. Australia’s submarine – the AE2 – would come to Mudros on its way to forcing the narrows of the Bosphorus. Diggers, who had sailed from Australia in troopships like the HMAT Orvieto from Port Melbourne, trained in Egypt and now came to Lemnos as they prepared for the coming landings at Anzac cove. On this ship sailed diggers like Hawthorn’s Second Lieutenant Alfred Jackson, Brighton’s Private Francis Carter and Trentham’s Private Roy Woolcock. Accounts talk of Mudros Bay being filled with 200 ships of all kinds – from great battleships, to troopships, barges and local Greek fishing caiques – as the huge Allied armada was assembled. The Island was transformed. All the requirements for a huge military base were gradually constructed on Lemnos – from supply depots, field hospitals, water condensing facilities, new roads and piers – and even a railway. The Anzacs and the rest of the Allied invasion force sailed from Lemnos’ Mudros and Pournia Bays in the early hours of the 25th April for the beaches of Anzac Cove. As the Australian’s departed, it was reported that they could be distinguished from other Allied troops by their “wallaby call”. As they sailed to battle, some of the Anzacs reflected on Lemnos’ ancient place in Greece’s history and myths. As Homer had written of Odysseus departing for Troy from Lemnos’ shores, so these young warriors from Australia were departing to face their own battle. 7|Page

3. Lemnos’ Hospitals and the Anzac Camp The first Australian nurses came ashore on the 8th August at the Turks Head peninsula on the western side of Mudros Bay. Eventually around 130 nurses would serve on Lemnos during Gallipoli, with others serving on the ships ferrying the wounded from Gallipoli. Together with the other medical staff, the nurses would be part of a massive expansion of medical services on Lemnos. Along with the 3rd Australian General Hospital (3rd AGH) (pictured above and below) and 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital, Lemnos was home to British, French and Canadian medical facilities. The former included Elwood’s Sister Clarice Daley. The initial experience of the nurses on Lemnos left much to be desired. The tent hospital had barely begun to be erected and their medical equipment had failed to arrive. Despite this situation, the next day saw the first of hundreds of casualties from the August offensives. Four days later, this had rd grown to 800. As the 3 AGH’s Matron Grace Wilson recorded in her diary, “it was too awful for words”. Living and working in tents, the nurses would endure the heat and dust of the northern Aegean summer and the wind and cold of winter. Their tents often blew down, exposed on the peninsula. Summer brought flies and other insect pests. And the cold of winter saw many nurses – as well as soldiers struck by pneumonia. War wounds would soon be replaced by the ravages of the diseases that afflicted the Anzacs at Gallipoli – bringing dysentery and other fevers that affected the nurses and other medical staff. It was so prevalent, they called it “Lemnitis”. Conditions and supplies improved, and the devotion and care of the nurses saw a remarkable survival rate of 98% at these Australian hospitals. St Kilda’s Captain Harold Burke was one such survivor. The dedication of Australia’s nurses under these difficult conditions is reflected in the words of the Medical Director General, Lieutenant General Featherstone, who wrote “I believe that the Hospital would have collapsed without the nurses. They all worked like demons and were led and guided by Miss Wilson …” From September, the nurses were joined by thousands of Anzac troops who returned to Lemnos for a few weeks rest and recuperation before returning to Gallipoli. They set up camp near the village of Sarpi (picture left), across the shallow inlet to the north of the hospitals. Here came Lance Corporal Albert Jacka and Colonel John Monash. But those that remained of the confident new soldiers of April 1915 could shock some. One wrote of the 1st Division veterans as the: “shattered remnants of that huge Mena camp” in Egypt. From being “the pride of Australia” when they had left Broadmeadows, the now stood testimony “after six months’ exposure to the fury of the Turks and the ravages of disease!” 8|Page

4. Discovering Lemnos – meeting the locals Lemnos brought together ordinary Greeks and Australians for the first time. The Lemnians welcomed their new visitors and the Australians provide medical care to the local Lemnians at their hospitals – and even the latest midwifery advice as the Sister Anne Donnell of the 3rd Australian General Hospital provided. Yet over the 11 months of their stay on Lemnos, Australian soldiers and nurses also enjoyed moments of relaxation and rest. Thousands of injured and sick soldiers were sent to the field hospitals on Lemnos to be healed after the great offensives of August. Soldiers returned to Lemnos from September for period of rest and recuperation. And the Australian nurses who tended them travelled the Island in search of a respite from the rigours of their work. They would experience tender moments of happiness and respite, even a wedding and the odd game of football, a swim or hiring a donkey to travel over the island, even to climb the great Mt Ilias to view the great Allied armada below – all under the long shadow of the ever present fighting. The Australians spread out from their bases and visited the towns and villages across the island, meeting the locals. As they toured across the island enjoying some free time, the soldiers and nurses met their new Lemnian neighbours. They would record their impressions of Lemnos and its people in letters, diaries and memoirs – creating a unique cross-cultural legacy of their time on Lemnos. They write of their love of the light and the harbour waters, the mountain views, of the windmills, of meeting local Greek children. Of visits to local Orthodox Church services, recording the rich icons, gorgeous robes of the priests and the perfumed air, infused with the smell of incense. They would write of visits to local schools and their impressions of the schoolchildren. They visited the local shops for some fresh food, such as meat, mandarins and nuts. Sergeant Fred Garrett wrote of the “gorgeous decorations” of the cafes. They would recount stories of negotiating the hiring or purchase of donkeys and boats from locals to travel across and around the island when on leave. Simpson’s Donkey – re-christened Murphy by the Anzacs – was one such purchase. They traversed the Island – from the restaurants of Myrina and Mudros, the tavernas of Kontias (pictured left) and Portianou and especially to the hot natural springs baths at Therma. These experiences would leave a deep impression on the Anzacs. Australian Gunner Sydney Loch wrote of Lemnos: "I never quite shook off the glamour of that island in the deep blue of the Aegean. Never was there an early morning when the skies were not blue and waters unruffled. Breezes softer and more scent than human kisses floated perpetually to us from the hills of Lemnos." 9|Page

5. Evacuation and Departure Following the decision to evacuate the Gallipoli peninsula, the Allied troops were gradually removed to Lemnos – Anzac Cove and Suvla by 20th December and Helles by 8th January. The last Australians to leave were the engineers of the Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train, the most decorated Royal Australian Navy unit of the war. Before they left Lemnos for other fronts and battlefields, the soldiers who survived Gallipoli were able to enjoy their few weeks on the Island from which they had sailed to battle in April. One of the joys of this time was Christmas. The soldiers and nurses celebrated the festive season as best they could. Concert parties were held (picture above). They enjoyed opening the little Billies from the Australian Comforts Fund, with their gifts from home. Some troops fooled around as if on holiday like those of the 6th Field Ambulance wearing the Billie lids on their heads (picture left). Soccer matches were held near the Anzac Camp at Sarpi. On the 25th December, the Australians of the 6th Battalion played the British sailors of the HMS Hunter (picture above). Yet the stay of the Anzacs on Lemnos was coming to an end. Lemnos itself would be garrisoned by the Allies until the end of the war, witnessing the surrender of the Ottoman Empire at the Armistice signed in Mudros Bay aboard HMAS Agamemnon. And indeed two Australian sailors would be buried on the Island in December 1918. The soldiers and nurses were steadily evacuated from Lemnos from January. The field hospitals and rest camps were dismantled as they made their farewell from their temporary haven on Lemnos. As they departed, the local villagers came to farewell to their new friends from a distant land. But others would remain. 148 Australians and 76 New Zealanders, amongst over 1,230 Allied soldiers, are buried in Lemnos’ two military cemeteries – at East Mudros (pictured left) and at Portianou. Diggers like Albert Park electrician Corporal George Finlay Knight, South Melbourne-born Driver Ralph Berryman, St Kilda’s Private Cyril Leishman and a young painter from Preston, Corporal Arthur Healy. Lemnos and Australia were now connected by the Anzac experience. Leaving Lemnos in January, Adelaide nurse Anne Donnell – wrote: “We have just seen the last of Lemnos. … there are many things we will miss; the unconventional freedom and the unique experiences we had there. The glorious colourings of the sky, the watching of the beautiful Star of Bethlehem at night, and the harbour and the hills ... Goodbye Lemnos. We take many happy memories of you. I would not have liked to miss you ...” 10 | P a g e

6. Anzacs on Lemnos – Three Diggers Albert Jacka One of Australia’s most decorated diggers in the First World War was Corporal Albert Jacka. A 21-year old labourer, he enlisted in the 14th Battalion and sailed from Port Melbourne on the HMAT Ulysses in December 1914. Albert’s service at Gallipoli would see him awarded the first Victoria Cross for his bravery. Albert was familiar with Lemnos. Before the landings he had sailed a lifeboat in Mudros Bay. Like many diggers, Albert was treated on Lemnos for gastric illnesses, in July and then again in August. He would return with his unit for a six-week rest at the Anzac Camp and again finally after the evacuation. After Gallipoli, Albert continued his service in Western France and returned to Australia in 1919. He would go on to serve as Mayor of the City of St Kilda and was noted for his work helping the unemployed during the depression. He died in 1932 and is buried in St Kilda Cemetery (picture above). George Finley Knight George was a 21 year-old electrician, living at 53 Palmerston Crescent Albert Park, when he enlisted in 5th Battalion on 9th March 1915. He landed at Anzac Cove on 5th August 1915, following stops in Egypt and on Lemnos. He would arrive at Gallipoli in time to take part in the August Offensive, seeing action at Lone Pine and suffering heavy shelling and fighting. George was promoted to Corporal in the field. The trenches that George and his comrades defended are reported to have been full of dead and decomposing bodies. After just over two weeks in the trenches of the peninsula and seeing action at the dangerous Lone Pine area, George would be struck down by one of the most common illnesses at Gallipoli - dysentery. He was taken sick to the field ambulance at Anzac Cove on 21st August. He died of dysentery aboard the Hospital Ship Arcadian on 23rd August 1915, while at sea. He is buried at East Mudros Military Cemetery on Lemnos. Peter Rados 23 year-old Peter Rados joined the 3rd Battalion on 18th August 1914, sailing for Lemnos and Gallipoli from Sydney aboard the HMAT Euripides in October 1914. Unique amongst his fellow Anzacs, Peter was in fact returning to his homeland. Born in Artaky in Asia Minor, a town not far distant from Gallipoli itself, Peter was one of 12 Greekbackground Diggers who would see service at Gallipoli. Peter arrived at Lemnos on 8th April and along with his unit spent his time practicing for the coming landings on the shores of Mudros Bay (pictured right) and even enjoyed a swim. The 3rd Battalion came ashore at 8.30am on 25th April. Peter survived the landing but was killed along with 40 others of his unit repelling a Turkish counter-attack at Anzac on 19th May. He now lies at Ari Burnu Cemetery, near Anzac Cove.

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7. Anzacs on Lemnos – Three Nurses Matron Grace Margaret Wilson Grace Margaret Wilson (pictured on Lemnos at left) was the principal matron of 3rd AGH on Lemnos. Born and trained as a nurse in Brisbane, she joined the Australian Army Nursing Service in October 1914. Prior to arriving on Lemnos in August Matron Wilson’s brother, Lance Corporal Graeme Wilson had been killed at Gallipoli. Her ability to lead her nurses in overcoming the difficulties of providing medical care on Lemnos was commended by the military medical authorities at the time. One of her sisters wrote, “I think we could not have carried on without her.” Grace went on to serve with the 3rd AGH in Egypt and France, as well as the role of matron-in-chief at AIF headquarters. She was mentioned-indespatches four times. She returned to Australia in 1920 and went on to be matron at Melbourne’s Children’s Hospital (1920) and the Alfred Hospital (1933). She served with the Army Nursing Service again in the Second World War and died in 1957. Clarice Jessie Daley 25 year old Staff Nurse Clarice Jessie Daley had been born in Box Hill but lived at “Turriff”, Beach Avenue, Elwood prior to her enlistment and embarkation with the Australian Army Nursing Service on 10th May 1915. Trained at Melbourne Hospital, she sailed from Port Melbourne aboard the RMS Mooltan on 18th May 1915, serving with the 3rd AGH on Lemnos and in Abbassia Egypt. She married Sergeant Ernest Lawrence on Lemnos on 21st October 1915 (picture above). Being married, Clarice was discharged in 1916 and returned to Port Melbourne. She and Ernest would reside at 52 Docker Street Elwood following his return to Australia in 1918. She was discharged on 31st July 1916. They are both buried in St Kilda Cemetery. Olive Lilian Creswell Haynes Adelaide - born Olive Haynes (pictured left) was 26 years old when she enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service on 6th August 1914. She had trained at Adelaide Hospital. She served with the 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital (pictured right) on Lemnos and later served in Egypt, France and England. Her extensive diaries and many letters are an important record of the sort of experiences many nurses and diggers had on Lemnos in 1915. She married in 1917 and later lived in Ivanhoe, Victoria.

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8. Lemnos Remembered Remembrance of the story of the Anzacs coming to Lemnos would wane but not be forgotten. Of course, it would remain in the writings and photographs kept by the diggers and soldiers themselves when they returned to Australia. But for the families whose relatives remained in the graves of Lemnos something more tangible seems to have been needed. Many would re-name their homes in Australia after the Island. In official correspondence to the Australian Army, the families of Trooper J.A. Burrough of the 9th Light Horse (right) and Private Thomas Carter of the 5th Battalion (left) – both buried at Portianos Military Cemetery - now formally titled their homes “Lemnos”. For the Carter family, 212 North Road, Brighton would now be known as Lemnos (left), as was the Burrough’s house on Randolph Avenue in Adelaide. Maybe this created a tangible connection to the Island where their son’s were now at rest, and to which they were unlikely ever to visit. Many streets would be re-named after Lemnos and Mudros Bay. But perhaps the most significant and lasting memorial to Lemnos in Australia is the little town that bears this name on the outskirts of Shepparton in rural Victoria. This was the work of one man – Gallipoli veteran Ernie Hill. A carpenter from Ballarat, Ernie had served with Albert Jacka in the 14th Battalion at Gallipoli and came many times to Lemmos for rest and recuperation. He went on to survive battles in Western France and the many wounds he received there, ending the war as Lieutenant. When he returned to Australia, Ernie successful pushed for a new soldier settlement to be established near Shepparton. And when it was established in 1927, he insisted it be named after the Island that had given him and his comrade’s respite in time of war – Lemnos. The town would prosper, boast a football team and schools – and it would welcome new settlers who came from Greece after the Second World War. And on Lemnos every year, Lemnians come together to commemorate the Anzacs (pictured above left) who came to their Island all those years ago – and especially those that remain in its cemeteries. The families of the diggers buried on Lemnos – like the Corporal George Finlay Knight (his grave stone is pictured above right) or Private Arthur Healy (his grave stone is pictured left) - can take comfort that their service is recognised back on Lemnos where they remain.

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9. Roll of Honour Australians at East Mudros Military Cemetery

The following 98 Australian soldiers are buried in the East Mudros Military Cemetery on Lemnos. Lest we forget Private Lloyd S Allison, 9th Batt, Cunnamulla QLD Private Jack F Bassett, 5th Batt, Bendigo VIC Private Bert Battilana, 14th Batt, Dunolly VIC Private Frederick G Bellingham, 1st Batt, Sydney NSW Saddler Ernest Beplate, 2nd ASC, Young NSW Driver Ralph Berryman, AFA 2BG , South Melb VIC Driver John Birmingham, ASC, Gundagai NSW Private Henry E Bullen, 18th Batt, Tingha NSW Private Douglas Carlson, 12th Batt, Hobart TAS Private Donald A G Chisholm, 23rd Batt, Learmonth VIC Able Seaman Thomas Chitts, HMAS Brisbane, Sandringham VIC Private James Clark, 26th Batt, Liverpool, England Private Herbert F Claxton, 19th Batt, Prahran VIC Private Tressilian H Coombs, 10th Batt, Glenelg SA Corporal Francis Cowdery, 7th Light Horse, Strathfiled NSW Private John L Crouch, 17th Batt, Redfern NSW Private Edward J Cummings, 3rd Batt, St Mary’s, England Private Frederick H Curtis, 18th Batt, Redfern NSW Gunner William R Dargan, AFA 1 BG, Mosman NSW Corporal John C Douglas, AASC 1DT, London England Trooper Alfred Dunn, 6th Light Horse, Merimbula NSW Private James Edgar, 19th Batt, Letham Scotland Private James Edge, 13th Batt, Northwich England Private Albert H Edgington, 4th Batt, St Peters England Private Leslie W Eyden, 16th Batt, Prkina SA Private Dennis E W Gaynor, 18th Batt, Orange NSW Stoker 2nd Class John F Godier, HMAS Brisbane, Neilborough VIC Corporal Charles E Gunn, 21st Batt, Sebastopol VIC Private Frank R Hanley, 5th Batt, Richmond VIC Lance Corporal Allan Harrison, 14th Batt, Kyneton VIC Private Horace C Harton, 23rd Batt, Sandringham VIC Private Arthur L Healy, 21st Batt, Jika Jika VIC Corporal Robert Hockridge, 9th Light Horse, Clare SA Private Eric Hodgkinson, 23rd Batt, Hobart TAS Private Oliver A Holmes, 21st Batt, Malvern VIC 2nd Lt Alfred C H Jackson, 6th Batt, Hawthorn VIC Private Amos S Johnson, 12th Batt, Devonport TAS Private George A Johnson, 15th Batt, Tunbridge TAS Private William J Johnson, 23rd Batt, London England Private Norman Johnston, 15th Batt, Lismore NSW Private Alexander C T Jones, 9th Batt, Bombay India Private Maurice Kalman, 23rd Batt, East Malvern VIC Sergeant Philip D Killicoat, 3rd Light Horse, Burra SA Corporal George Finlay Knight, 5th Batt, Jika Jika VIC Private Arthur H Knox, 13th Batt, Melbourne VIC Lance Corporal Vernon C Lanyon, 13TH Batt, Truro SA Private Donald0 Laredo, 14th Batt, Launceston TAS Petty Officer Philip C Le Sueur, Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train, Jersey UK Corporal Alexander Lewis, 16th Batt, Swan Hill VIC

Lance Sergeant Ralph E Leyland, 5th Batt, Euroa VIC Private George A Lieschke, 10th Batt, Marrabel SA Colonel Richard Linton, 6th AIB, Dalton Scotland Lance Corporal Walter Magarry, 5th Light Horse, Goondiwindi QLD Trooper Robert Martin, 5th Light Horse, Mackay QLD Private Joseph May, 7th Batt, Knowsley VIC Private Ernest Muddle, 13th Batt, Dubbo NSW Private Patrick J McDonough, 23rd Batt, Dublin Ireland Trooper William J McKay, 7th Light Horse, Bungendore NSW Private Frederick McKenzie, 14th Batt, Egerton VIC Private Ronald McLeod, 15th Batt, Talbot VIC Private Leslie W McMichael, 12th Batt, Sydney NSW Private Ewart S O’Donnell, 2nd Batt, Tamworth NSW Private James Maurice O’Donoghue, 4th Batt, Hawkes Bay NZ Private John W Park, 2nd Batt, Orkney Scotland Trooper Harry J Perrott, 2nd Light Horse, Worcester England Private Arthur Rawlins, 13th Batt, Rushden England Trooper William D Robertson, 6th Light Horse, Deniliquin NSW Private William C Rose, 11th Batt, Capel WA Private Frederick Sargent, 23rd Batt, Peechelba VIC Private John R Shillinghaw, 11th Batt, Warrnambool VIC Private James W Sims, 15th Batt, Kyneton VIC Private Alfred Smith, 18th Batt, Darlington NSW Private Alexander G H Snell, 27th Batt, Broken Hill NSW Trooper Edward R Somerville, 8th Light Horse, Melbourne VIC Trooper Henry Spencer, 9th Light Horse, London England Private John J Sperling, 8th Batt, Warrnambool VIC Private Henry J Stevens, 23rd Batt, Nerrina VIC Corporal Horace G Stumbles, 25th Batt, Devonport England Private Arthur E Symes, 7th Batt, Bendigo VIC Private John R Thomas, 13th Batt, Sydney NSW Lance Corporal Thomas H Thomas, 8th Batt, Peterborough VIC Lance Corporal Raymond S Thornton, 2nd Field Ambulance, Phillip Island VIC Trooper Leonard W Turner, 10th Light Horse, Macclesfield England Private Charles M E Tyson, 18th Batt, Sydney NSW Private John Wainey, 16th Batt, Charters Towers QLD Private Frank P Watherston, 11th Batt, Port Lincoln SA Trooper Archibald J Watt, 2nd Light Horse, Gulgong NSW Private Leonard C Watts, 18th Batt, London England Private Eric O Webster, 9th Batt, Brisbane QLD Private James L White, 22nd Batt, Nhill VIC Private Andrew Wilson, 28th Batt, Glenarm Ireland Private Henry A Withers, 23rd Batt, Auburn VIC Private William E Withers, 22nd Batt, Longwood VIC Private Arthur Witt, 17th Batt, Tumut NSW Private Henry Woodroff, 14th Batt, London England Private John Wordsworth, 16th Batt, Townsville QLD Private Thomas W Wyman, 12th Batt, Strahan TAS Private Michael Young, 26th Batt, Tinamba VIC

The information contained in this Roll of Honour details the name, rank, unit and birthplace of each soldier and has been compiled from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission data, Australian War Memorial Roll of Honour cards and individual Service Records held by the National Archives of Australia. NS denotes not stated.

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10.

Roll of Honour

Australians at PORTIANOS Military Cemetery

The following 50 Australian soldiers are buried in the Portianos Military Cemetery on Lemnos. Lest we forget Private Arthur Anderson, 4th Batt, Sydney NSW Private Victor G Anderson, 21st Batt, Carngham VIC Private Benjamin Ashton, 2nd Batt, Coalville VIC Lance Corporal John Ashton, 16th Batt, Hill End NSW Private John R Barnes, 1st Batt, Cape Town South Africa Private Charles H Bayliss, 10th Batt, Aldinga SA Captain Noel E Biden, Australian Engineers, Armidale NSW Private William Blake, 2nd Batt, Windsor NSW Private Eric G A Blomqvist, 2nd Batt, Aberdeen Scotland Private Alwyn H Brierley, 25th Batt, London England Trooper James A Burrough, 9th Light Horse, Uitenage South Africa Private Kenneth R Cameron, 4th Batt, Conon Scotland Private Alexander Carnochan, 15th Batt, London England Private William C Carstairs, 8th Batt, Cunninghame VIC Private Francis T Carter, 5th Batt, Brighton VIC Corporal Sidney Cavey, 13th Batt, Kent England Captain Percival R Comins, 6th Batt, VIC Gunner Louis S Crawforth, AFA 2BG, Ivanhoe VIC Private Norman E Davis, 10th Batt, Orange NSW Private Michael Delaney, 16th Batt, Leuward VIC Private Ernest W Dingwall, 19th Batt, Inverness Scotland Private George W Dixon, 16th Batt, Tunstall England Private Alfred Edwards, 12th Batt, Bagdad TAS Private Frederick S Farrell, 12th Batt, Hobart TAS Private Percy Graham, 5th Batt, Richmond VIC

Private Robert M Halliday, 16th Batt, Wandering WA Private Thomas O Harries, 13th Batt, Fishguard Wales 2nd Lt John H Harrison, 3rd Batt, NSW Private Neville M Harrison, 15th Batt, Ringarooma TAS Private Herbert Heyes, 11th Batt, Rosewood QLD Private Thomas H Howe, 1st Batt, Sydney NSW Private Richard H P Jones, 12th Batt, Moona SA Private Cyril T Leishman, 5th Field Ambulance, St Kilda VIC Private Joseph R S Lemon, 7th Batt, Wedderburn VIC Private James H May, 12th Batt, Fitzroy, VIC Private John Miller, 13th Batt, Liverpool England Major Francis J P Murphy, 17th Batt, VIC 2nd Lt Thomas E McGowan, 3rd Batt, Adelaide SA Trooper Duncan McKinnon, 2nd Light Horse, Woodburn NSW Lance Corporal John McPhail, 6th Batt, Strathpeffer Scotland Bugler Thomas A M Page, 3rd Batt, Murrurundi NSW Private William T Pauley, 5th Batt, Norwood SA Private Russell Pearson, 23rd Batt, Bendigo VIC Lance Corporal Frank S Rice, 4th Batt, Derby England Private Hubert Rosser, 10th Batt, Hallett SA Private Arthur H Thumwood, 16th Batt, Binstead England Private Gordon H Viet, 7th Field Ambulance, Malvern SA Trooper Walter C West, 10th Light Horse, Leeds England Private Joseph Woodhouse, 14th Batt, Birmingham England Private Roy C Woolcock, 5th Batt, Trentham VIC

The information contained in this Roll of Honour details the name, rank, unit and birthplace of each soldier and has been compiled from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission data, Australian War Memorial Roll of Honour cards and individual Service Records held by the National Archives of Australia. NS denotes not stated.

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11.The Photographs

1 Pocket Kodak camera of Sergeant Percy Ernest Virgoe, 4th Light Horse Regiment (4LHR), etched with names of the places he served in the First World War, including Lemnos (top left front). AWM image REL33223.

2 Ships fill Mudros Bay in the lead up to the Gallipoli landings. French troops march to their camp, south of East Mudros, Lemnos, 1915. AWM image G00549.

3 The French wine store comprised of hundreds of barrels lined up on their sides. In the background is the French Hospital. Lemnos, 1915. Photographer Lieutenant Ernest Brooks. Australian War Memorial Collection 16 | P a g e

4 Civilian carpenters at work at Mudros. In background can be seen the shipping in the harbour. Lemnos 1915. Photographer Lieutenant Ernest Brooks. Imperial War Museum Collection

5 Greek recruits for French Foreign Legion. Training at Lemnos. 1915.Unknown Photographer. State Library of Victoria Collection

6 Members of the 2nd Australian Field Ambulance practising boat drill in the harbour on the Aegean island of Lemnos in preparation for the landing at Anzac Cove, April 1915. AWM image CO1632. 17 | P a g e

7 The Mudros Gazette, 9th July 1915. Reverend Ernest Merrington (Chaplains Corps) Collection.

8 3rd Australian General Hospital nurses arrived on Lemnos’ Turks Head Peninsula, led by Piper Archibald Monk, the Hospital’s second-in-command Lt Colonel Dick and Matron Grace Wilson, 8 August 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

9 Holding a parasol and notebook, Matron (Margaret) Grace Wilson "does a round", Turks Head Peninsula, Lemnos, 1915 AWM A05332. 18 | P a g e

10 Nurses, other staff and patients of the 3rd Australian General Hospital, Turks Head Peninsula, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

11 Inside the tents of the 3rd Australian General Hospital, August 1915. Note the lack of beds, with some patients on mattresses on the ground. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

12 X ray Dept., Lemnos Island. Turks Head peninsula, Lemnos 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

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13 Australian and British soldiers, accompanied by army nurses, playing cards at the Australian hospital at Mudros, Lemnos, 1915. The man on the left holds a copy of the Sydney Mail advertising sheep skin vests for soldiers. Photographer Lieutenant Ernest Brooks. Imperial War Museum image Q 13720.

14 Sick sisters outside their sick quarters. They appreciated a few hours in the open air.Turks Head peninsula, Lemnos 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

15 Australian troops rest on Lemnos as they march to the Anzac Rest Camp at Sarpi, Lemnos 1915. Note the international nature of the Allied troops – the Indian soldier at the rear. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

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16 Anzac Rest Camp at Sarpi. Across the shallow inlet with local ciaque fishing vessels on the left, are the Australian field hospitals on the Turks Head Peninsula. November, 1915. Photographer L.H. Harris. State Library of NSW Collection.

17 Australian soldiers at the Anzac rest Camp at Sarpi, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

18 Corporal Albert Jacka, VC, during a period of rest from the fighting at Gallipoli at the Anzac Rest Camp at Sarpi, Lemnos, 1915. Albert Jacka would return to Melbourne and become the Mayor of the then City of St Kilda. AWM image P02141.003

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19 Australian soldiers and nurses watch the arrival of troops from Gallipoli on barges in Mudros Bay during the evacuation of the peninsula. Turks Head Peninsula, Lemnos, December 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

20 The marriage certificate of 3rd Australian General Hospiteal Nurse Clarice Daley and Sergeant Ernest Lawrence, who were married at West Mudros in October 1915. AWM image PR90 133

21 Australian soldiers and nurses enjoy the hospitality of a local kafeneio, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

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22 Village folk, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. Florence Elizabeth JamesWallace Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland.

23 A Grecian padre and his flock, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. Florence Elizabeth James-Wallace Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland.

24 Portrait of an unidentified Australian officer with a local man and two children he had befriended at Therma, Lemnos, 1915. AWM C02222.

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25 Australian and New Zealand soldiers with a local family with whom they had made friends. Near the Anzac Rest Camp, Sarpi, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer Lieutenant Ernest Brooks. Imperial War Museum image Q13439

26 Local villagers attend the 3rd Australian General Hospital for medical treatment. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

27 Myrina harbour, with the castro or castle beyond, Lemnos, 1915.Private Thomas Ashmore Collection, British 29th Division.

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28 Myrina Harbour, Lemnos 1915. Photographer Sergeant James Edmond McPhee. State Library of Victoria Collection

29 Greek Church, Mudros. Lemnos 1915. Fryer Library, University of Queensland Collection

30 Australian war correspondent Philip Schuler, with binoculars and maps, watching the movement of Allied shipping in Mudros Bay from Mt Ilias, Lemnos, 1915. AWM image PS1954.

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31 Harbour scene, probably Mudros Bay, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer Philip Schuler. AWM image PS1881.

32 Sunrise on Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. Florence Elizabeth JamesWallace Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland.

33 Staff of the 3rd Australian General Hospital attend a funeral at Portianos Military Cemetery. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of Collection.

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34 3rd Australian General Hospital staff at a burial service at Portianos Military Cemetery. Colonel Thomas Fiaschi, the Hospital commandant, is sixth from left. Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

35 Staff of 3rd AGH photographed on Christmas Day 1915 on Lemnos Is. Col de Crespigny in command. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

36 Departure of 3rd Australian General Hospital. Hospital commandant Colonel de Crespigny takes down the Australian flag. Turks Head Peninsula, January 1916. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

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37 3rd Australian General Hospital nurses assemble on their barge that will take them to their transport ship for Egypt. Lemnos, January 1916. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

38 An Australian nurse about to depart from Lemnos, with her cat, a mascot brought from the trenches of Gallipoli. January 1916. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

39 3rd Australian General Hospital nurses on their way to their transport ship in Mudros Bay.January 1916. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

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40 Mudros Bay, Lemnos, 1915. Photographer AW Savage. State Library of NSW Collection.

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12.OUR SPONSORS AND SUPPORTERS The Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee would like to thank the following organisations for contributing to the launch of this Photographic Exhibition:

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