The LEMNOS GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL Unveiling Saturday 8th August 2015

Commemorative Booklet

Written and prepared by Jim Claven Secretary Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee Inc. 2015

Preface This short booklet has been produced as a commemorative booklet for the unveiling of the Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial. It is nearly four years ago that a group of dedicated individuals came together in Melbourne with the goal of honouring the role of Lemnos in Australia’s Anzac story. We were moved by the richness of the story. Of the diggers and nurses who came to Lemnos in 1915. Of their time on Lemnos – preparing for the coming battles on the peninsula, in the diggers rest camps and in the hospitals where Australia’s nurses served to restore the health of those struck down by the wounds or illness of the nearby front. But also of the friendship and support of the local Lemnians, who welcomed these strangers from far away into their churches and homes, to their taverns and spas, and to their wonderful Island. Very early on we resolved that one of our major projects was the erection of a permanent memorial to Lemnos’ role in Anzac, to the diggers and nurses who served there, to the diggers who remain buried there and to the Lemnians who supported them. Our long journey to make this memorial a reality is now at an end. With the financial support and active involvement of many organisations and individuals, we were able to commission Australia’s pre-eminent commemorative sculptor, Peter Corlett OAM, to design and create this important addition to Australia’s commemorative memorials. We are humbled by Peter’s creation. Inspired by Lemnos’ Anzac story, the ancient history of Lemnos and reaching back to his appreciation of Classical Greek sculpture, he has created a memorial that clearly displays the richness of this Hellenic connection to Anzac. His creation evocatively combines the images of our Australian nurses and wounded and sick diggers, with the names of some of the villages of Lemnos – in Greek and English - that welcomed them. The Memorial will be a permanent reminder of those diggers and nurses on Lemnos in 1915 and of the enduring relationship established between Australia and Greece so long ago, which has only gained in strength through the decades. We now look forward to the publication in the New Year of our planned new commemorative historical book as a complement to our Memorial. A project such as this involves the combined efforts of many people. On behalf of our Committee, I would like to thank all those who have supported us and been part of this journey. I would like to thank Jim Claven, historian and Secretary of our Committee, for writing and preparing this booklet, as well as his dedication over the years to make this Memorial a reality. I hope that all will find this booklet informative and a valuable memento to this great event.

Acknowledgement & Copyright The author acknowledges the reproduction of images in the public domain held by the Australian War Memorial (AWM), National Archives of Australia (NAA), State Libraries of NSW (SLNSW) and Victoria (SLV), Imperial War Museum (IWM) and University of Queensland Fryer Library (UQFL). Other photographs are by the author. Photographs of original paintings by George Petrou reproduced with permission. The assistance of Dr Kirsty Harris of the University of Melbourne in compiling and verifying the list of nurses who served on Lemnos is also acknowledged. The author has endeavoured to identify as many nurses as possible who served at Lemnos’ two field hospitals. He apologises if any nurses have been overlooked. The text and presentation of this publication is copyright. Those wishing to reproduce the publication should contact the author – [email protected].

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Lee Tarlamis JP President Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee Inc. 2015

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1. Introduction

Contents Preface by Lee Tarlamis JP

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1. Introduction

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2. Lemnos and Anzac

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3. Port Philip, Lemnos and Anzac

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4. Creating our Memorial – Peter Corlett and the Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial

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5. Lemnos Australian Roll of Honour – East Mudros and Portianos Military Cemeteries

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6. Roll of Honour – Australian Nurses on Lemnos

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7. Acknowledgements

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This commemorative booklet has been produced to explain the story of Lemnos’ link to Anzac and Port Phillip, as well as the creation of our mew Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial. We hope that it will be a fitting memento of the unveiling of our Memorial on the 8th August, 2015 – one hundred years to the day that Australia’s nurses arrived on Lemnos during the Gallipoli campaign. The booklet tells the story in five parts. Firstly, it explains the often overlooked role of Lemnos in the Gallipoli campaign, of how the Island was chosen as the advance base for the campaign and how it was transformed and affected by the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Allied soldiers and nurses, nearly 60,000 of them Anzacs from Australia and New Zealand. One of the most significant aspects of this story is the interaction of the local Lemnian community – along with other Hellenes - with the Anzac soldiers and nurses. This is a story of how Lemnos provided a haven for these soldiers and nurses caught up in the horrors of war. And this connection would not be forgotten by the Australian’s themselves – by those whose loved ones remained in the Island’s Military Cemeteries and by those who returned and wanted to remember Lemnos back in Australia. Secondly, it explains the links between the Lemnos Gallipoli story and the Port Phillip area of Melbourne. Gallipoli affected many communities across Australia and Port Phillip no less than others. Nearly 5,000 soldiers and nurses connected to the area volunteered to serve in the First World War. These included Corporal George Knight, Driver Ralph Berryman, Private Cyril Leishman, Nurse Clarice Daley and Sergeant Ernest Lawrence. George, Ralph and Cyril would remain on Lemnos in its war graves, while Clarice and Ernest would set up home in Elwood after the war. Most importantly, Princes Pier was the embarkation point for thousands of diggers and nurses on their way to Gallipoli and later the Western Front. It is for all these reasons that we are proud that our Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial is located in Port Phillip – near Princes Pier and the waters of Melbourne’s great Port Phillip Bay, reminiscent of Lemnos’ Moudros Bay. Thirdly, it tells the story of how our Memorial was conceived by Australia’s pre-eminent commemorative sculptor, Peter Corlett, OAM. Inspired by the Lemnos Anzac story, the role of the nurses and the wounded diggers they cared for, as well the mythological and classical history of the Island, Peter has created a Memorial that combines the Anzac tradition with features identifying the Memorial with both Lemnian and Hellenic traditions. Fourthly, the booklet commemorates the services of both the Anzacs who remain on Lemnos in its two Commonwealth Military Cemeteries and the Australian nurses who served at the Australian field hospitals on the Island one hundred years ago. The booklet contains unique lists that I have assembled of all the diggers who are buried on Lemnos, including their units and places of birth or association, as well as that for 133 of the Australian nurses who served on Lemnos. Finally, the booklet acknowledges the support of all those who have helped make the Lemnos Gallipoli memorial a reality. Thank you all. The booklet is illustrated by some of the amazing photographs taken by the Anzacs themselves and other Allied photographers, amateur and professional. These form what I have called the Lemnos archive. We are all indebted to these photographers, who came to Lemnos in 1915 and took hundreds of photographs and left behind this great historical archive for us to appreciate. I hope that you enjoy the reproduction of some of their photographs. And I hope you enjoy my photographs which complement these images from the past. Jim Claven Secretary Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee Inc.

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2. Lemnos and Anzac

A Hellenic Anzac – Peter Rados

Lemnos … Gallipoli. In 1915 these two places in the northern Aegean became eternally linked in the story of the soldiers and nurses who served in the campaign to seize the Dardanelles Straits and Constantinople. And this would link the Islanders of Lemnos to their new friends, the Anzacs.

One of those Anzacs who came to Lemnos and sailed to Anzac Cove that morning was 23 year-old Peter Rados. He had joined the 3rd Battalion on 18th August 1914, sailing for Lemnos and Gallipoli from Sydney aboard the HMAT Euripides in October 1914.

Lemnos was chosen as the main base for the whole Gallipoli campaign because of its location and unique features. Liberated from the Ottoman Empire barely two-years before, Lemnos was offered to the Allies by the Greek government as the advance base for the coming campaign. Lemnos’ large protected harbour at Moudros Bay – the biggest in the eastern Mediterranean - and its proximity to the Gallipoli Peninsula made it the perfect choice.

Unique amongst his fellow Anzacs, Peter was in fact returning to his homeland. Born in Artaky in Asia Minor, a town not far distant from Gallipoli itself, Peter was one of 12 Greek-background digger who would see service at Gallipoli.

Ships and soldiers began arriving on Lemnos from February 1915, the first Anzacs arriving in March. Australia’s submarine – the AE2 – would come to Moudros on its way to forcing the narrows of the Bosphorus. Diggers, who had sailed from Australia in troopships like the HMAT Orvieto from Port Melbourne, trained in Egypt and now came to Lemnos as they prepared for the coming landings at Anzac cove. On this ship sailed diggers like Hawthorn’s Second Lieutenant Alfred Jackson, Brighton’s Private Francis Carter and Trentham’s Private Roy Woolcock. Accounts talk of Moudros Bay being filled with 200 ships of all kinds – from great battleships, to troop ships, barges and local Greek fishing caiques – as the huge Allied armada was assembled. The Island was transformed. All the requirements for a huge military base were gradually constructed on Lemnos – from supply depots (pictured at left, IWM), field hospitals, water condensing facilities, new roads and piers – and even a railway (pictured at right, AWM). The Anzacs and the rest of the Allied invasion force sailed from Lemnos’ Moudros and Pournias Bays in the early hours of the 25th April for the beaches of Anzac Cove. As the Australian’s departed, it was reported that they could be distinguished from other Allied troops by their “wallaby call”.

As they sailed to battle, some of the Anzacs reflected on Lemnos’ ancient place in Greece’s history and myths. As Homer had written of Odysseus departing for Troy from Lemnos’ shores, so these young warriors from Australia were departing to face their own battle.

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Peter arrived at Lemnos on 8th April and along with his unit spent his time practicing for the coming landings on the shores of Moudros Bay (pictured above right, AWM) and even enjoyed a swim. The 3rd Battalion came ashore at 8.30am on 25th April. Peter survived the landing but was killed along with 40 others of his unit repelling a Turkish counter-attack at Anzac on 19th May. He now lies at Ari Burnu Cemetery, near Anzac Cove, on the Gallipoli peninsula (pictured at left). Lemnians and other Hellenes lend a hand – and fight alongside the Anzacs On Lemnos itself, thousands of labourers – from Lemnos and other nearby Islands including Lesvos, Imbros and Tenedos – were employed by the Allies to build the infrastructure needed to transform Lemnos into the base that it would become. Labourers and tradesmen worked to build the piers around Moudros Bay to allow the great ships to land their cargo – of food, water and sick and wounded diggers from Gallipoli. Roads needed to be built and the warehouses needed to supply the campaign (pictured at left, IWM). These labourers would form the Greek Labour Corps which would also serve on supply ships and on the peninsula itself, along with other Hellenic civilians. On Lemnos itself the Anzacs were aided by the local Greek community. Greek shops, bakers, farmers and butchers sold food and supplies to the Australians. Temporary cafés and bars sprang up to service the new thirsty visitors (pictured at right, IWM). One contractor from Cyprus was engaged to supply cattle to be slaughtered by local villagers and a local named Goulandris shipped firewood from Mount Athos to supply the Allied force on Lemnos. Lemnos was also a great source of donkeys to be used as transport at Gallipoli – including John Simpson’s donkey, Murphy (pictured at left AWM), which would survive the war and return to Lemnos, unlike his companion. And local Lemnians – through their Churches – raised the equivalent of nearly $73,000 for the British Red Cross to support the Allies. Thousands of Hellenic volunteers from Crete and Asia Minor volunteered to serve under French command at Gallipoli. Commanded by the Balkan War and French Army veteran Lieutenant Pavlos Gyparis, they would train on Lemnos (pictured at right, SLV) and see action as part of the August Offensives, landing at Karachale as the Anzacs attacked at Lone Pine, the Nek and Chunuk Bair.

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The Nurses Arrive

The Anzacs and the Lemnians

The first Australian nurses came ashore on the 8th August at the Turks Head peninsula on the western side of Moudros Bay (pictured at right, SLNSW). Eventually over 130 nurses would serve on Lemnos during Gallipoli, with others serving on the ships ferrying the wounded from Gallipoli.

Lemnos also brought together ordinary Greeks and Australians in Greece for the first time.

Together with the other medical staff, the nurses would be part of a massive expansion of medical services on Lemnos. Along with the 3rd Australian General Hospital (3rd AGH) (pictured at left and below, AWM) and 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital, Lemnos was home to British, French and Canadian medical facilities. The former included Elwood’s Sister Clarice Daley. The initial experience of the nurses on Lemnos left much to be desired. The tent hospital had barely begun to be erected and their medical equipment had failed to arrive. Despite this situation, the next day saw the first of hundreds of casualties from the August offensives. Four days later, this had grown to 800. As the 3rd AGH’s Matron Grace Wilson recorded in her diary, “it was too awful for words”. Living and working in tents, the nurses would endure the heat and dust of the northern Aegean summer and the wind and cold of winter. Their tents often blew down, exposed on the peninsula. Summer brought flies and other insect pests. And the cold of winter saw many nurses – as well as soldiers – struck by pneumonia. War wounds would soon be replaced by the ravages of the diseases that afflicted the Anzacs at Gallipoli – bringing dysentery and other fevers that affected the nurses and other medical staff (pictured at left, SLNSW). It was so prevalent, they called it “Lemnitis”. Conditions and supplies improved, and the devotion and care of the nurses saw a remarkable survival rate of 98% at these Australian hospitals. St Kilda’s Captain Harold Burke was one such survivor. The dedication of Australia’s nurses under these difficult conditions is reflected in the words of the Medical Director General, Lieutenant General Featherstone, who wrote “I believe that the Hospital would have collapsed without the nurses. They all worked like demons and were led and guided by Miss Wilson …” From September, the nurses were joined by thousands of Anzac troops who returned to Lemnos for a few weeks rest and recuperation before returning to Gallipoli. They set up camp near the village of Sarpi (picture left, SLNSW), across the shallow inlet to the north of the hospitals. Here came Lance Corporal Albert Jacka and Colonel John Monash. But those that remained of the confident new soldiers of April 1915 could shock some. One wrote of the 1st Division veterans as the “shattered remnants of that huge Mena camp” in Egypt. From being “the pride of Australia” when they had left Broadmeadows, they now stood testimony “after six months’ exposure to the fury of the Turks and the ravages of disease!”

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The Lemnians welcomed their new visitors and the Australians provide medical care to the locals at their hospitals. One nurse – Sister Anne Donnell of the 3rd Australian General Hospital provided the latest midwifery advice to local midwives through a local priest who acted as the interpreter. Yet over the 11 months of their stay on Lemnos, Australian soldiers and nurses also enjoyed moments of relaxation and rest. Thousands of injured and sick soldiers were sent to the field hospitals on Lemnos to be healed after the great offensives of August. Soldiers returned to Lemnos from September for periods of rest and recuperation. And the Australian nurses who tended them travelled the Island in search of a respite from the rigours of their work. They would experience tender moments of happiness and respite, even a wedding and the odd game of football, a swim or hiring a donkey to travel over the island, even to climb Mount Profitis Ilias to view the Allied armada below – all under the long shadow of the ever present fighting. The Australians spread out from their bases and visited the towns and villages across the island, meeting the locals (pictured above, UQFL). As they toured across the island enjoying some free time, the soldiers and nurses met their new Lemnian neighbours. They would record their impressions of Lemnos and its people in letters, diaries and memoirs – creating a unique cross-cultural legacy of their time on Lemnos. They wrote of their love of the light and the harbour waters, the mountain views, of the windmills, of meeting local Greek children. Of visits to local Orthodox Church services, recording the rich icons, gorgeous robes of the priests and the perfumed air, infused with the smell of incense (pictured at left, AWM). They would write of visits to local schools and their impressions of the school children. They visited the local shops for some fresh food, such as meat, mandarins and nuts. Sergeant Fred Garrett wrote of the “gorgeous decorations” of the cafes. They would recount stories of negotiating the hiring or purchase of donkeys and boats from locals to travel across and around the island when on leave. Simpson’s donkey – re-christened Murphy by the Anzacs – was one such purchase. They traversed the Island – from the restaurants of Myrina and Moudros, the tavernas of Kontias (pictured at left, AWM) and Portianou and especially to the hot natural springs baths at Therma (pictured at right, AWM). These experiences would leave a deep impression on the Anzacs. Australian Gunner Sydney Loch wrote of Lemnos: “I never quite shook off the glamour of that island in the deep blue of the Aegean. Never was there an early morning when the skies were not blue and waters unruffled. Breezes softer and more scent than human kisses floated perpetually to us from the hills of Lemnos.”

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The Evacuation – Lemnos Again

Lemnos Remembered Following the decision to evacuate the Gallipoli peninsula, the Allied troops were gradually removed to Lemnos – Anzac Cove and Suvla by 20th December and Helles by 8th January. The last Australians to leave were the engineers of the Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train, the most decorated Royal Australian Navy unit of the war. Before they left Lemnos for other fronts and battlefields, the soldiers who survived Gallipoli were able to enjoy their few weeks on the Island from which they had sailed to battle in April.

One of the joys of this time was Christmas. The soldiers and nurses celebrated the festive season as best they could. Concert parties were held (picture above left SLNSW). They enjoyed opening the little Billies from the Australian Comforts Fund, with their gifts from home. Some troops fooled around as if on holiday like those of the 6th Field Ambulance wearing the Billie lids on their heads (picture at left, AWM). Soccer matches were held near the Anzac Camp at Sarpi. On the 25th December, the Australians of the 6th Battalion played the British sailors of the HMAS Hunter (picture above right, AWM). Yet the stay of the Anzacs on Lemnos was coming to an end. Lemnos itself would be garrisoned by the Allies until the end of the war, witnessing the surrender of the Ottoman Empire at the Armistice signed in Moudros Bay aboard HMS Agamemnon. And indeed two Australian sailors would be buried on the Island in December 1918. The soldiers and nurses were steadily evacuated from Lemnos from January (pictured at right, SLNSW). The field hospitals and rest camps were dismantled as they made their farewell from their temporary haven on Lemnos. As they departed, the local villagers came to farewell to their new friends from a distant land. But others would remain. 148 Australians and 76 New Zealanders, amongst over 1,230 Allied soldiers, are buried in military cemeteries at East Mudros (pictured below, right AWM) and Portianou. Diggers like Albert Park electrician Corporal George Finlay Knight, South Melbourneborn Driver Ralph Berryman, St Kilda’s Private Cyril Leishman and a young painter from Preston, Corporal Arthur Healy. Lemnos and Australia were now connected by the Anzac experience. Leaving Lemnos in January, Adelaide nurse Anne Donnell – wrote: “We have just seen the last of Lemnos. … there are many things we will miss; the unconventional freedom and the unique experiences we had there. The glorious colourings of the sky, the watching of the beautiful Star of Bethlehem at night, and the harbour and the hills ... Goodbye Lemnos. We take many happy memories of you. I would not have liked to miss you ...”

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Remembrance of the story of the Anzacs coming to Lemnos would wane but not be entirely forgotten. Of course, it would remain in the writings and photographs kept by the diggers and soldiers themselves when they returned to Australia. But for the families whose relatives remained in the graves of Lemnos something more tangible seems to have been needed. Many would re-name their homes in Australia after Lemnos. In official correspondence to the Australian Army, the families of Trooper J.A. Burrough of the 9th Light Horse (above) and Private Thomas Carter of the 5th Battalion (left) – both buried at Portianos Military Cemetery - now formally titled their homes “Lemnos”. For the Carter family, 212 North Road, Brighton would now be known as Lemnos, as was the Burrough’s house on Randolph Avenue in Adelaide. Maybe this created a tangible connection to Lemnos where their sons were now at rest, and to which they were unlikely ever to visit. Many streets would be re-named after Lemnos and Moudros Bay. But perhaps the most significant and lasting memorial to Lemnos in Australia is the little town that bears this name on the outskirts of Shepparton in rural Victoria. This was the work of one man – Gallipoli veteran Ernie Hill. A carpenter from Ballarat, Ernie had served with Albert Jacka in the 14th Battalion at Gallipoli and came many times to Lemnos for rest and recuperation. He went on to survive battles in Western France and the many wounds he received there, ending the war as Lieutenant. When he returned to Australia, Ernie successful pushed for a new soldier settlement to be established near Shepparton. And when it was established in 1927, he insisted it be named after the Island that had given him and his comrade’s respite in time of war – Lemnos. The town would prosper, boast a football team and schools – and it would welcome new settlers who came from Greece after the Second World War. And on Lemnos every year, Lemnians come together to commemorate the Anzacs (pictured left) who came to their Island all those years ago – and especially those that remain in its cemeteries. The families of the diggers buried on Lemnos – like those of Corporal George Finlay Knight and Private Arthur Healy (his grave stone is pictured below) - can take comfort that their service is recognised back on Lemnos where they remain. Lest we forget.

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3. Lemnos and Anzac – The Port Phillip Connection

Lemnos and Australia’s First VC Winner of WW1

The location of the Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial Statue in the City of Port Phillip is particularly appropriate. This City has many enduring links not only with Australia’s Anzac legend but also with Lemnos and its role in the Gallipoli campaign.

One of the major connections between Lemnos and Port Phillip is Corporal Albert Jacka, one of Australia’s most famous Anzacs. He was the first to be awarded the Victoria Cross in the First World War for his bravery in the field at Gallipoli. But like almost all Anzacs at Gallipoli, he knew Lemnos, visiting this important rest and hospital base on a number of occasions.

Port Phillip and Anzac The area of Port Phillip was profoundly affected by the First World War. Over 3,300 Port Phillip-born Victorians enlisted during the war, with a further nearly 1,500 enlisting at the local recruitment centres in the area. That’s 4,800 Victorians connected to Port Phillip serving in the First World War. They came from the suburbs of South Melbourne and St Kilda, from Elwood, Ripponlea and Balaclava, from Middle Park and Port Melbourne, from Emerald Hill and Montague. And over 900 diggers were born in or enlisted at Albert Park – the location of our Memorial. The Port of Embarkation Port Phillip’s Princes Pier at Port Melbourne (pictured at right, AWM) was also the place where Victorian diggers and nurses started their long journey to war – to Gallipoli, the Middle East and Western Europe. Princes Pier witnessed these departures and the waves and farewells of their families, wishing their loved ones a safe return.

The 21 year old labourer Albert Jacka enlisted in the AIF on 15th September 1914 as Private 465 in the 14th Battalion. Albert and his unit departed Port Melbourne aboard the HMAT Ulysses on the 22nd December 1914. Following training in Egypt, Jacka arrived at Lemnos’ Moudros Bay before the landings on 25th April. As Albert’s transport ship, the Rangoon trader the SS Seang Chong, entered Moudros’ large harbour on 15th April, it was joining a huge Allied armada that was assembling there. Albert noted in his diary his awe at the sight of the hundreds of Allied ships collected there. It is also recorded that he secured a lifeboat and used it to visit one of the British fleet’s dreadnought battleships, the HMAS Queen Elizabeth (pictured at right in Moudros Bay 1915 AWM), preparing for the Gallipoli campaign. Along with his unit, Albert left Moudros for Anzac Cove at 10am on Sunday, 25th April. Jacka and his unit would be sent to defend the vital Courtney’s Post, Gallipol, as the Ottoman forces desperately tried to throw the Anzacs back into the sea. The 22 year old Albert was awarded the Victoria Cross for his brave actions here, on 19 May 1915. This was the first VC to be awarded to the AIF in the First World War – and would be only the first of Jacka’s military decorations.

So it was Port Philip that was the Victorian departure point for the troops on their way to Lemnos and Gallipoli. The thousands of Anzac soldiers and nurses from Victoria left Australia from Port Melbourne. 37 of the 130 nurses who served on Lemnos came from Victoria and most these would almost certainly have departed from Port Melbourne. The photo from the AWM archive at left shows the departure of a complement of Australian soldiers and nurses at Port Melbourne on 8th May 1916, on board the HMAT Euripides. One of those who departed was Private Jack Bassett, a reinforcement for the 5th Battalion AIF. He was a 21 year old packer from Bendigo when he enlisted at Melbourne on 30th April 1915. He embarked on HMT Demosthenes from Port Melbourne on 16th July 1915 (pictured at right, AWM), arriving on the peninsula 8th November 1915. The Australian War Memorial has a series of images documenting the departure of troops from Port Melbourne aboard the HMT Demosthenes on the 16th, which would include Jack. Barely three-weeks at Gallipoli and Jack would succumb to pneumonia in December 1915, weeks away from the end of the campaign. Lemnos’ East Moudros Cemetery would be Jack’s resting place. Another member of the 5th Battalion AIF who boarded at Port Melbourne was Private 454 Roy Woolcock. Roy was a 21 year old engine cleaner, born in Trentham, when he enlisted at Albert Park Recruitment Centre on 19th August 1914, at the beginning of the war. He embarked on the 21st October 1914, aboard the HMAT Orvieto. He landed at Anzac on 25th April. He survived nearly six months on Gallipoli only to be struck down by illness on 22nd September– first influenza then enteric fever – as so many others were. After treatment at the 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital and the 3rd Australian General Hospital on Lemnos, Roy became “dangerously ill” and died on 22nd November 1915. He is buried at Lemnos’ Portianos Military Cemetery. Trooper Albert Bent (pictured at left, NAA) of the 8th Australia Light Horse also departed from Princes Pier but on 25th February 1915. A builder’s labourer, he had been born in Albury but his place of association when he enlisted in Melbourne on 15th September 1914 was 57 Spencer Street St Kilda, where his mother lived. He sailed aboard the HMAT Star of Victoria. After arriving on Lemnos on 19th May, Albert served on the peninsula until he was killed defending Walker’s ridge on 27th June 1915. Wounded on the same day was his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel White, who had been born in Emerald Hill. He was buried at Ari Burnu Cemetery near Anzac Cove, along with Hellenic Anzac, Peter Rados.

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Like many Anzacs, Albert would suffer from one of the main sources of incapacitation at Gallipoli – gastric disorders – and these would bring him to Lemnos and its Australian medical services. His service record shows that on 19th July he was sent to the 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital (pictured above AWM) suffering from diarrhoea. Albert returned briefly to Lemnos, being treated at the 24th Casualty Clearing Station at Moudros between 25th and 27th August for gastritis. When his unit returned to Lemnos for a six-week recuperation on Lemnos on 14th September, Albert was now a celebrity. He was presented, along with Colonel Monash, to the French Naval Commander-in-Chief, who is reported to have embraced Jacka. He returned to Lemnos after the evacuation of his unit on 18th December and spent Christmas there, until his transport to Alexandria on 16th January. Like many of his comrades, Jacka again suffered from the major ailment of the campaign, dysentery during his final stay on Lemnos. The already famous Jacka was photographed on Lemnos, outside his tent (pictured at left, AWM). After Lemnos and Gallipoli, Jacka would serve with distinction and bravery on the Western Front being awarded the Military Cross and bar. He returned to Australia aboard the HMAT Euripides. He would become the Mayor of St Kilda, one of the precursor municipalities of the City of Port Phillip and be noted for his actions to provide assistance to the unemployed during the depression. He died in 1932, his coffin being carried by 8 Victoria Cross winners. He is buried at St Kilda Cemetery (pictured right). St Kilda’s Captain Burke – A Lemnos Veteran St Kilda-born Captain Harold Burke was the son of George John and Annie Gertrude Burke of 37 Brighton Rd St Kilda. Harold (pictured at right, AWM) would be joined in the services by his two brothers and his sister - Lieutenant Maurice Burke, Major Edmund Louis Burke MC and Nursing Sister Lalah Mary Burke. Harold enlisted in the AIF at Eastern Hill Depot Melbourne at the age of 21 in August 1914. Two months later he embarked for active service overseas with the 5th Battalion, and after a period of training in Egypt, for the Gallipoli Campaign. He landed with his battalion on the 25th April 1915 as part of the second wave. While at Gallipoli, Burke was promoted through the ranks; firstly to Corporal in June, Sergeant in August, then 2nd Lieutenant in September.

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He is recorded as having been hospitalised on Lemnos at the 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital in May 1915 suffering phorangitis and then again in October 1915 at the 1st Canadian Stationary Hospital suffering jaundice. He returned to Lemnos with his unit in December 1915 departing then for Egypt and France. He survived Gallipoli and would go on to serve in France with the 5th Battalion, be promoted to Lieutenant and be awarded the Military Cross. He would not return to Port Phillip but would be killed in France in August 1918, a few months before the end of the war.

An Elwood Nurse on Lemnos – and the Lemnos Wedding There was one nurse from Port Phillip who served on Lemnos – Staff Nurse Clarice Jessie Daley. 25 year old Staff Nurse Clarice Jessie Daley had been born in Box Hill but lived at “Turriff”, Beach Avenue, Elwood prior to her enlistment with the Australian Army Nursing Service on 10th May 1915.

The Doctor from Albert Park Amongst the many medical officers on Lemnos one hailed from Port Phillip. Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Mitchell Wilson served along with 36 other doctors with the 3rd Australian General Hospital on Lemnos from August until November 1915. Born in Albert Park, he received his medical qualifications from Melbourne University. Prior to the war Arthur had served as a ship’s doctor, a doctor at the Royal Women’s Hospital in Melbourne and commissioned as a Captain as Regimental Medical Officer with the Melbourne University Regiment from March 1913. He sailed from Melbourne with the 3rd Australian General Hospital in May 1915. The picture at right shows some Australian medical officers at one of the Australian hospitals on Lemnos. He became ill with paratyphoid in November and, after being admitted as patient in the 3rd AGH, was invalided from Lemnos to England, rejoining the unit in February 1916 after its evacuation to Egypt. Arthur went on to serve on the Western Front, being promoted to Major and commander of the 7th Field Ambulance, and being awarded the Distinguished Service Order and was Mentioned in Despatches twice. He returned to Australia in 1919 and resumed his obstetrics practice at 144 High Street Prahran and worked as a consultant obstetrician at the Royal Women’s Hospital, while maintaining his links with the Australian Army Medical Corps. He died in 1947. Matron Grace Wilson and Port Phillip One of the most famous nurses to serve on Lemnos and in the First Word War was Brisbane-born Matron Grace Wilson. Grace would become famous on Lemnos as the Matron of the 3rd Australian General Hospital. She had sailed with her nurses from Australia aboard the RMS Mooltan – which had called in to Princes Pier to pick up the Victorian nurses who would serve with her (pictured right, AWM). It was Grace who led Australia’s nurses who served at the 3rd Australian General Hospital throughout the Gallipoli campaign, enduring some of the worst conditions of the war. Initially lacking medical supplies, enduing summer heat and winter cold on the exposed shores of Lemnos’ great Moudros Bay, Grace’s leadership and the service of the nurses would earn them the commendation of Australia’s military medical authorities. She is shown below “doing the rounds” of the hospital on Lemnos in 1915 (pictured below, AWM). Two medical orderlies connected to Port Phillip also joined the 3rd Australian General Hospital staff on the RMS Mooltan at Prince Pier. 24 year old Private William Percival Thomas and 26 year old Staff Sergeant Herbert Richardson had both been born in NSW. Yet they were both living in Port Philip when they enlisted, William at Dank Street in Albert Park with his father and Herbert at 123 Grey Street in St Kilda. Both would serve on Lemnos at the 3rd Australian General Hospital. After service in France and England, Grace returned to Australia after the end of the war. For her service, Grace was Mentioned in Despatches four times, appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (Military) awarded the Victory Medal with Mention in Despatches oakleaf, the Royal Red Cross First Class and the Florence Nightingale Medal. It was at this time that Grace’s connection to Port Phillip began, serving as the Matron of the Alfred Hospital, the major public hospital serving the current Port Phillip area. She would be invited to attend various commemorative dinners honouring the service of Australia’s war nurses at Port Phillip’s St Kilda Town Hall (see left). She would later serve in the Middle East in the Second World War. Grace died in 1957.

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She trained at Melbourne Hospital. She sailed from Port Melbourne aboard the RMS Mooltan on 18th May 1915, joining Matron Wilson and the other 3rd Australian General Hospital nurses who were already aboard. Clarice served with the 3rd Australian General Hospital on Lemnos and in Abbassia Egypt, departing for Egypt aboard the Oxfordshire on 27th January 1916. Clarice was famous for being the bride in Lemnos’ famous Anzac wedding. For it was on Lemnos that Clarice re-connected with the man who would become her husband, Sergeant Ernest Lawrence. Ernest was of the 1st Light Horse Brigade Headquarters, had met Clarice back in Melbourne. Ernest enlisted in August 1914 and met Clarice again on Lemnos. Clarice Jessie and Ernest married on 21st October 1915 at the West Mudros Church Camp on Lemnos. Photographs of the wedding are above, the marriage certificate at right (both AWM). After her marriage on Lemnos on 21st October 1915 (married nurses couldn’t serve in the armed forces), she returned to Australia on 9th February 1916 aboard the HT Nestor, arriving back in Port Melbourne on 13th March 1916. She resided at 52 Docker Street Port Melbourne, her new husband Sergeant Ernest Lawrence joining her after his discharge from the AIF. She was formally discharged from the services on 31st July 1916. Ernest and Clarice are buried together at St Kilda Cemetery. Other Port Phillip Nurses who served in Greece Apart from Nurse Daley, the Port Phillip area produced another twelve nurses who enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service during the First World War. Three of these served in the Salonika Front in northern Greece. This became one of the major Allied fronts in the Eastern Mediterranean following the withdrawal from Gallipoli. The over 450 Australian soldiers and nurses who served there endured the ravages of disease, especially malaria, as well as the wounds of war. It would result in the only Australian nurse to die in Greece – Victorian Sister Gertrude Munro. Staff Nurse Ethel Alice Flett Neville, born in Albert Park and living in Elsternwick, was a 32 year old nurse when she enlisted on 27th August 1917. Trained at the Queen Victoria Hospital, she served with the 19th General Hospital in Alexandria before being sent to the 50th British General Hospital at Salonika (pictured at left, AWM) from 22 June 1918 until she was sent to the England on 16th February 1919. After serving briefly with a hospital in England, she returned to Australia later in 1919. Staff Nurse Ethel Maud Biggs, born in St Kilda, was a 26 year old nurse who had trained at Geelong Hospital, enlisting on 26th May 1917. She embarked from Australia in June 1917. From July 1917 until February 1919 she served on the Salonika Front at the 52nd and 66th British General Hospitals (nurses at the 52nd are pictured below in their anti-malaria outfits, AWM), serving under Australian Matron McHardie White. In February 1919 she was sent to London (where from August to October she was funded by the Army to learn to drive and maintain motor cars) and was promoted to Sister. She was Mentioned-in-Despatches by Lt General Milne, Commander of British Forces in Salonika, “for her distinguished and gallant services”, thereby receiving the two oak leaves emblem in recognition. She was discharged on 5th April 1920. Staff Nurse Irene Ethel Sueling, born in Port Melbourne, was a 27 year old nurse trained at the Geelong Hospital who enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Corps on 22nd May 1917. She embarked from Princes Pier on the RMS Mooltan in June 1917 serving at the Salonika Front with the 52nd, 66th and 43rd British General Hospitals from 1917 until her departure for England in February 1919. During her time in Salonika she suffered from bouts of influenza in September 1918, being cared for at the 52nd and 43rd British General Hospitals and at the Sisters Convalescence Camp. Promoted Sister in July 1919, she returned to Australia in December 1919.

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Port Phillip Diggers who remain on Lemnos Port Phillip was the residence of Corporal George Finlay Knight, of the 5th Battalion AIF, who died at Gallipoli and is buried on Lemnos at East Mudros Military Cemetery. The son of Scottish immigrants, George was a 29 year old electrician. He had lived at 53 Palmerston Crescent Albert Park when he enlisted on 9th March 1915 (his enlistment papers pictured at right, NAA). We do not know if he spent time on Lemnos prior to going to Gallipoli but he may well have – as most other troops did. He arrived at Anzac on 5th August - in time to take part in the bloody battles of Lone Pine. But he would survive the battle only to be taken by illness after barely two weeks at Gallipoli on 23rd August 1915, while aboard the HS Arcadian, on its way to Lemnos. His death by illness stands as testimony to the horrendously unhealthy and unsanitary conditions at Gallipoli. George’s story is one of the thousands of young Anzacs who volunteered and served at Gallipoli, only to be struck down by one of the horrors of war – the ravages of illness and disease. He remains on the northern Aegean Island of Lemnos, where he and his fallen comrades are remembered at the annual Anzac Day services conducted on the Island at East Mudros Military Cemetery.

The Birth of Australia’s Biggest Greek Community Port Melbourne would also become the arrival point for many of Victoria’s and Australia’s Greek community after the Second World War. The Greek community who arrived at Port Melbourne would become part of the largest Greek community outside of Greece. Victoria’s Lemnian community also has strong links to the municipality, as evidenced in the location of Lemnos House. It is estimated that there are some 8-9,000 Victorians are of Lemnian heritage – part of Melbourne’s success as the third largest Hellenic city in the world. This is approximately half of the current total population of Lemnos itself. The Port Phillip area was the centre of the community for many years. And Port Phillip is also the home of the Hellenic Sub-Branch of the Returned Services League (Victoria Branch). It is for all these reasons that the Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee is particularly grateful to the Port Phillip City Council for its support for our Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial being erected in their city.

Driver Ralph Berryman was a South Melbourne-born Anzac who enlisted at Albert Park on 17th August 1914. A 22 year old warehouseman residing at 67 Morang Rd Hawthorn, Ralph served with the 6th Battery, 2nd Brigade Australian Field Artillery, having served in the artillery for 3 months prior to the war. He embarked from Port Melbourne on 20th October 1914 aboard the HMAT Shropshire and served at Gallipoli until 8th June 1915, when he suffered bullet wounds to his back. He died of these wounds on 20th June 1915. It is touching to read that his last possessions included a tin-box containing his letters, presumably with letters from his family in Melbourne. He is buried at East Mudros Military Cemetery (Photo on left).

Private Cyril Thomas Leishman had been born in St Kilda, the son of Mrs Millicent and William Thomas Leishman of 298 Inkerman Street St Kilda. While he enlisted at Liverpool in NSW on 19th March 1915, he listed his address as his parents in St Kilda. His occupation was listed as a station hand. He served as Private 2939 with the C section of the 5th Australian Field Ambulance, part of the Australian Army Medical Corps. He became ill and died of diphtheria on 12th October 1915, having been transferred to Lemnos. He was aged 20. He is buried at Portianos Military Cemetery.

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4. Creating our Memorial – Peter Corlett and the Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial

Add to this the story of Lemnos’ brave Maroula Komnenos of Kotsinas, who led Lemnos’ forces against the invader in the 15th century – and Peter could see the strong role of women in the Lemnos story.

From the outset the Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee set itself the task of raising awareness of the role of Lemnos in Australia’s Anzac story, the nurses and diggers who served there and those who are buried there, and the support of the Lemnians and other Hellenes for the Anzacs - especially as we approached the Centenary of Anzac in 2015.

Jim showed Peter his photographs of Lemnos today, of the landscape of West Mudros where the nurses and diggers walked in 1915, and the yellow-light brown stone that covers the Island. As someone who has a deep interest in Australia’s Anzac story, Peter was amazed – as we all are – at the lack of public recognition for Lemnos, the nurses and the diggers who served there. He resolved that his design would play a part in rectifying this wrong.

We made submissions to government, conducted historical research, promoted the story to the media, through our web presence and throughout Australia’s Greek and wider community, and promoted the commemoration of its role in Australia and in Greece. But most importantly the Committee resolved to create a permanent and significant memorial to the Lemnos story as a place of commemoration and as legacy to future generations. Peter Corlett We resolved to approach Australia’s preeminent commemorative sculptor, Peter Corlette OAM. Peter has created some of Australia’s most endearing and moving commemorative sculptures. These include his statue of Weary Dunlop in Melbourne’s Domain gardens, Cobbers at Fromelles in France, the Bullecourt Digger in France, Simpson and his Donkey 1915 in Canberra and the Australian Light Horse Memorial at Beersheeba, Israel. All of these reflecting Peter’s deep appreciation for the service of Australians in war. It was with great elation that the Committee received Peter’s acceptance of our commission. Designing the Memorial In forming his design for the Memorial, Peter was aided by his long admiration for and inspiration from the sculpture of Classical Greece. Peter would talk of his visits to the museums of Greece and his wonder at the designs and styles of the era. He particularly admired the colours of the bronze statues, especially the deep green hue of the ancient bronze. In gaining an appreciation of Lemnos and its Anzac connection, Peter was assisted by Jim Claven, our Secretary and a historian. Peter read Jim’s research retelling the Lemnos story and was introduced to some of the amazing photographs taken by the Anzacs on Lemnos, revealing the interaction of the Lemnians with these visitors from the other side of the world. He was impressed by the role of the Australian nurses, led by Matron Grace Wilson (pictured left, AWM), who worked to restore the thousands of wounded and sick diggers to health. And the photo of Corporal Albert Jacka at the Anzac camp at Sarpi. He read the words of diggers like Albert Facey and Sidney Loch, and nurses like Anne Donnell, who wrote of their time on Lemnos and love of the Island. Peter took in the history of Lemnos, with its connection to the myths and classical history of Greece – of the God Hephaestus, of its role in the tales of Homer and Troy, of Queen Hypsipyle (‘Yψιπύλη) and Jason and the Argonauts. Stories well known to many of the Anzacs who walked there in 1915.

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Peter brought all these influences to the creative process. His design focused firstly on the role of Australia’s nurses. He envisaged the figure of a nurse, looking ahead, with the Islands winds at her face, standing above the figure of a weary sick or wounded digger. The digger rests behind the nurse, sheltered by her. The figures are clearly Anzacs but the design incorporates a subtle hint of Greece’s classical sculpture – the green hue of ancient bronze. Both figures are set upon a stone plinth – the colour of Lemnos’ stone. And etched into the stone – in Greek and English the words evoking the connection between the Anzacs and Lemnos – Lemnos and Gallipoli, the names of the many villages visited by the Anzacs in 1915. Most importantly, the map of Lemnos. Complementing the Memorial would be an information board telling the story of Lemnos and Anzac. And flagpoles for future commemorations to be held at the Memorial. Peter’s design encapsulated all that the Committee wished to commemorate with its Memorial – the role of Australia’s nurses and diggers on Lemnos in 1915, the support of the local Lemnians and other Hellenes for the Anzacs. A memorial that demonstrated the Hellenic connection to Australia’s Anzac story. Creating the Memorial Peter brought his usual meticulous approach to creating the memorial. This began with his desire for authenticity. His creative technique required that he form his sculptures on actual models - Louise Skacej and Josh Rowell. And these would be dressed in the uniforms of the time. The nurse would face a wind to re-create the Islands winds. Suitably attired, the models were photographed from every angle at the same time. With these images as a guide, Peter then began the process of building the clay model of the statues, first our nurse and then the weary digger. From Clay to Wax The clay is gradually placed on the inner steel framework that supports it. The work is physically demanding and the clay must remain moist and pliable. Gradually the figures take shape as Peter moulds the clay with his hands to realise his vision. Details are important – an Anzac badge here, the folds of the nurses dress and veil, the shortened trousers of the digger.

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As the faces of the figures take shape, they are anonymous but at the same time reflect the images captured in the photographs of the time. And the faces have a hint of classical sculpture. At this stage Peter invites our Committee and supporters into his workshop to view his sculptures. We are all impressed with what he has created and wonder at how magnificent the finished Memorial will look. With the completion of the clay sculptures, the next stage begins. Peter begins the process of covering the clay forms in a plaster mould, with strips inserted in the clay to enable the plaster mould to be separated after it has set. Peter even has to use a small blow-pipe to remove any air bubbles from the plaster to ensure that all the features of the clay underneath will be reflected in the plaster mould.

A metal frame, with plaster-coated hessian supports, is then erected around the plaster covered sculpture. This frame is attached to sections of the plaster mould to enable the removal of the hardened plaster in defined sections. The clay sculpture is then softened and removed by inserting water into the clay. The cured plaster mould sections are then removed in the defined sections.

Once the moulds have been removed, cleaned and dampened with water, Peter then applies a 3-5 mm thickness of hot sculptor’s wax to the interior of the plaster moulds. Once the wax is hardened the plaster moulds are broken, leaving the flexible wax sections of the sculpture. The wax sections are then kept cool by floating them in a water bath to minimise any distortion in the wax due to various in surrounding temperature. Peter then joins wax sections of the sculpture into the sections that will be moulded in bronze. At Meridian Sculpture, Foundry – Lost Wax Casting At the foundry, the hollow wax sections of the sculpture are prepared for casting into bronze. Stainless steel “core pins” are inserted through the waxes so as to later support the inner and outer moulds. Polystyrene runners and vents are attached at critical locations; these will be burnt out along with the wax (hence lost wax casting) and will form tubes for the molten bronze to enter the cavity left by the now absent wax. A second set of tubes act as vents to allow the release of internal gases. The inner and outer moulds are formed up from a mixture of plaster and other refractory materials into the large blocks and placed into a kiln for several days to have the wax, polystyrene runners and vents burnt out. The moulds are then placed into a sand pit and moist sand is rammed around to give added support. The bronze is heated to 1080 degrees centigrade before pouring into each plaster mould. After cooling, the plaster mould is removed with a pneumatic jack hammer, mattock and high pressure hose. Work then begins to finish the bronze sections; including filling minor gaps and removing any extraneous bronze debris.

The finishing process of patination or colouring of the raw bronze is then undertaken by Meridian’s Peter Morley in collaboration with the sculptor. The golden bronze sculptures are coloured to a greenish hue, reminiscent of Classical Greek sculptures through the application of chemicals an heat. The sculptures are then treated with a special wax coating to protect the works. The Memorial Takes Shape Meanwhile the stone plinth has been completed. Peter has with the help of an assistant created a distinctive font for the etching of the stone. The names Lemnos and Gallipoli, many of the villages of Lemnos visited by the Anzacs and the map of Lemnos – are sandblasted into the stone. Another permanent reminder that this Anzac Memorial commemorates the Hellenic link to Anzac. Meanwhile the supporting foundation works for the Memorial have been laid at Albert Park and the metal Information Board has been created and installed, telling the story of Lemnos’ connection to Anzac and of the Memorial. Finally, the whole Memorial is assembled prior to its unveiling on the 8th August, one hundred years to the day that Australia’s nurses arrived on Lemnos during the Gallipoli campaign. Peter’s Memorial assemblers – J.K. Fashams – bring together all of its parts – the sculptures, the plinth and the flagpoles and Information Board. Our Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial is complete. A Memorial for Future Generations This is the story of the creation of our Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial, of the creative journey that Peter Corlett has taken us on. We have reached our destination. The Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial is now a reality. We hope that it will be a place of pilgrimage, of reflection and for the conduct of commemorative events. In its design it encapsulates the key features of the Lemnos link to Anzac – the brave nurses who served there, the diggers who came to Lemnos preparing for war, to rest or to recuperate under the care of the nurses. And to the Lemnians and other Hellenes who supported the Anzacs in this time of war. And especially to the 148 Australians – along with over one thousands other Allied war dead – who remain on Lemnos to this day. We hope that the descendents of the nurses, diggers, Lemnians and other Hellenes who came together one hundred years ago will welcome this unique addition to Australia’s Anzac commemorative heritage. We hope that we have contributed to restoring some of the recognition of their great service all those years ago. This Memorial will be a permanent reminder that Lemnos role should be remembered and commemorated. And of Anzacs Hellenic heart. Our Committee thanks Peter for his creation and realisation of our dream.

After cleaning by water-blasting, the bronze sections are then welded together to form the two recognisable sculptures. With Geoff Wilson working on the chasing and finishing, Peter makes his adjustments to the finished forms of the nurse and soldier.

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We hope that the descendents of the nurses, diggers, Lemnians and other Hellenes who came together one hundred years ago will welcome this unique addition to Australia’s Anzac commemorative heritage. We hope that we have contributed to restoring some of the recognition of their great service all those years ago.

5. Roll of Honour — Australians at East Mudros Military Cemetery

This Memorial will be a permanent reminder that Lemnos role should be remembered and commemorated. And of Anzacs Hellenic heart. Our Committee thanks Peter for his creation and realisation of our dream.

The following 98 Australian soldiers are buried in the East Mudros Military Cemetery on Lemnos. Lest we forget Private Lloyd S Allison, 9th Batt, Cunnamulla QLD Private Jack F Bassett, 5th Batt, Bendigo VIC Private Bert Battilana, 14th Batt, Dunolly VIC Private Frederick G Bellingham, 1st Batt, Sydney NSW Saddler Ernest Beplate, 2nd ASC, Young NSW Driver Ralph Berryman, AFA 2BG , South Melb VIC Driver John Birmingham, ASC, Gundagai NSW Private Henry E Bullen, 18th Batt, Tingha NSW Private Douglas Carlson, 12th Batt, Hobart TAS Private Donald A G Chisholm, 23rd Batt, Learmonth VIC Able Seaman Thomas Chitts, HMAS Brisbane, Sandringham VIC Private James Clark, 26th Batt, Liverpool, England Private Herbert F Claxton, 19th Batt, Prahran VIC Private Tressilian H Coombs, 10th Batt, Glenelg SA Corporal Francis Cowdery, 7th Light Horse, Strathfiled NSW Private John L Crouch, 17th Batt, Redfern NSW Private Edward J Cummings, 3rd Batt, St Mary’s, England Private Frederick H Curtis, 18th Batt, Redfern NSW Gunner William R Dargan, AFA 1 BG, Mosman NSW Corporal John C Douglas, AASC 1DT, London England Trooper Alfred Dunn, 6th Light Horse, Merimbula NSW Private James Edgar, 19th Batt, Letham Scotland Private James Edge, 13th Batt, Northwich England Private Albert H Edgington, 4th Batt, St Peters England Private Leslie W Eyden, 16th Batt, Prkina SA Private Dennis E W Gaynor, 18th Batt, Orange NSW Stoker 2nd Class John F Godier, HMAS Brisbane, Neilborough VIC Corporal Charles E Gunn, 21st Batt, Sebastopol VIC Private Frank R Hanley, 5th Batt, Richmond VIC Lance Corporal Allan Harrison, 14th Batt, Kyneton VIC Private Horace C Harton, 23rd Batt, Sandringham VIC Private Arthur L Healy, 21st Batt, Jika Jika VIC Corporal Robert Hockridge, 9th Light Horse, Clare SA Private Eric Hodgkinson, 23rd Batt, Hobart TAS Private Oliver A Holmes, 21st Batt, Malvern VIC 2nd Lt Alfred C H Jackson, 6th Batt, Hawthorn VIC Private Amos S Johnson, 12th Batt, Devonport TAS Private George A Johnson, 15th Batt, Tunbridge TAS Private William J Johnson, 23rd Batt, London England Private Norman Johnston, 15th Batt, Lismore NSW Private Alexander C T Jones, 9th Batt, Bombay India Private Maurice Kalman, 23rd Batt, East Malvern VIC Sergeant Philip D Killicoat, 3rd Light Horse, Burra SA Corporal George Finlay Knight, 5th Batt, Jika Jika VIC Private Arthur H Knox, 13th Batt, Melbourne VIC Lance Corporal Vernon C Lanyon, 13TH Batt, Truro SA Private Donald0 Laredo, 14th Batt, Launceston TAS Petty Officer Philip C Le Sueur, Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train, Jersey UK Corporal Alexander Lewis, 16th Batt, Swan Hill VIC

Lance Sergeant Ralph E Leyland, 5th Batt, Euroa VIC Private George A Lieschke, 10th Batt, Marrabel SA Colonel Richard Linton, 6th AIB, Dalton Scotland Lance Corporal Walter Magarry, 5th Light Horse, Goondiwindi QLD Trooper Robert Martin, 5th Light Horse, Mackay QLD Private Joseph May, 7th Batt, Knowsley VIC Private Ernest Muddle, 13th Batt, Dubbo NSW Private Patrick J McDonough, 23rd Batt, Dublin Ireland Trooper William J McKay, 7th Light Horse, Bungendore NSW Private Frederick McKenzie, 14th Batt, Egerton VIC Private Ronald McLeod, 15th Batt, Talbot VIC Private Leslie W McMichael, 12th Batt, Sydney NSW Private Ewart S O’Donnell, 2nd Batt, Tamworth NSW Private James Maurice O’Donoghue, 4th Batt, Hawkes Bay NZ Private John W Park, 2nd Batt, Orkney Scotland Trooper Harry J Perrott, 2nd Light Horse, Worcester England Private Arthur Rawlins, 13th Batt, Rushden England Trooper William D Robertson, 6th Light Horse, Deniliquin NSW Private William C Rose, 11th Batt, Capel WA Private Frederick Sargent, 23rd Batt, Peechelba VIC Private John R Shillinghaw, 11th Batt, Warrnambool VIC Private James W Sims, 15th Batt, Kyneton VIC Private Alfred Smith, 18th Batt, Darlington NSW Private Alexander G H Snell, 27th Batt, Broken Hill NSW Trooper Edward R Somerville, 8th Light Horse, Melbourne VIC Trooper Henry Spencer, 9th Light Horse, London England Private John J Sperling, 8th Batt, Warrnambool VIC Private Henry J Stevens, 23rd Batt, Nerrina VIC Corporal Horace G Stumbles, 25th Batt, Devonport England Private Arthur E Symes, 7th Batt, Bendigo VIC Private John R Thomas, 13th Batt, Sydney NSW Lance Corporal Thomas H Thomas, 8th Batt, Peterborough VIC Lance Corporal Raymond S Thornton, 2nd Field Ambulance, Phillip Island VIC Trooper Leonard W Turner, 10th Light Horse, Macclesfield England Private Charles M E Tyson, 18th Batt, Sydney NSW Private John Wainey, 16th Batt, Charters Towers QLD Private Frank P Watherston, 11th Batt, Port Lincoln SA Trooper Archibald J Watt, 2nd Light Horse, Gulgong NSW Private Leonard C Watts, 18th Batt, London England Private Eric O Webster, 9th Batt, Brisbane QLD Private James L White, 22nd Batt, Nhill VIC Private Andrew Wilson, 28th Batt, Glenarm Ireland Private Henry A Withers, 23rd Batt, Auburn VIC Private William E Withers, 22nd Batt, Longwood VIC Private Arthur Witt, 17th Batt, Tumut NSW Private Henry Woodroff, 14th Batt, London England Private John Wordsworth, 16th Batt, Townsville QLD Private Thomas W Wyman, 12th Batt, Strahan TAS Private Michael Young, 26th Batt, Tinamba VIC

The information contained in this Roll of Honour details the name, rank, unit and birthplace of each soldier and has been compiled from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission data, Australian War Memorial Roll of Honour cards and individual Service Records held by the National Archives of Australia. NS denotes not stated.

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5. Roll of Honour — Australians at Portianos Military Cemetery

6. Roll of Honour — Australian Nurses on Lemnos

ROLL OF HONOUR AUSTRALIANS AT PORTIANOS MILITARY CEMETERY This roll honours the service of the Australian nurses who served at the two Australian field hospitals on Lemnos during the Gallipoli campaign of 1915-16. It lists the details of 133 of these nurses. Lest we forget.

The following 50 Australian soldiers are buried in the Portianos Military Cemetery on Lemnos. Lest we forget Private Arthur Anderson, 4th Batt, Sydney NSW Private Victor G Anderson, 21st Batt, Carngham VIC Private Benjamin Ashton, 2nd Batt, Coalville VIC Lance Corporal John Ashton, 16th Batt, Hill End NSW Private John R Barnes, 1st Batt, Cape Town South Africa Private Charles H Bayliss, 10th Batt, Aldinga SA Captain Noel E Biden, Australian Engineers, Armidale NSW Private William Blake, 2nd Batt, Windsor NSW Private Eric G A Blomqvist, 2nd Batt, Aberdeen Scotland Private Alwyn H Brierley, 25th Batt, London England Trooper James A Burrough, 9th Light Horse, Uitenage South Africa Private Kenneth R Cameron, 4th Batt, Conon Scotland Private Alexander Carnochan, 15th Batt, London England Private William C Carstairs, 8th Batt, Cunninghame VIC Private Francis T Carter, 5th Batt, Brighton VIC Corporal Sidney Cavey, 13th Batt, Kent England Captain Percival R Comins, 6th Batt, VIC Gunner Louis S Crawforth, AFA 2BG, Ivanhoe VIC Private Norman E Davis, 10th Batt, Orange NSW Private Michael Delaney, 16th Batt, Leuward VIC Private Ernest W Dingwall, 19th Batt, Inverness Scotland Private George W Dixon, 16th Batt, Tunstall England Private Alfred Edwards, 12th Batt, Bagdad TAS Private Frederick S Farrell, 12th Batt, Hobart TAS Private Percy Graham, 5th Batt, Richmond VIC

Private Robert M Halliday, 16th Batt, Wandering WA Private Thomas O Harries, 13th Batt, Fishguard Wales 2nd Lt John H Harrison, 3rd Batt, NSW Private Neville M Harrison, 15th Batt, Ringarooma TAS Private Herbert Heyes, 11th Batt, Rosewood QLD Private Thomas H Howe, 1st Batt, Sydney NSW Private Richard H P Jones, 12th Batt, Moona SA Private Cyril T Leishman, 5th Field Ambulance, St Kilda VIC Private Joseph R S Lemon, 7th Batt, Wedderburn VIC Private James H May, 12th Batt, Fitzroy, VIC Private John Miller, 13th Batt, Liverpool England Major Francis J P Murphy, 17th Batt, VIC 2nd Lt Thomas E McGowan, 3rd Batt, Adelaide SA Trooper Duncan McKinnon, 2nd Light Horse, Woodburn NSW Lance Corporal John McPhail, 6th Batt, Strathpeffer Scotland Bugler Thomas A M Page, 3rd Batt, Murrurundi NSW Private William T Pauley, 5th Batt, Norwood SA Private Russell Pearson, 23rd Batt, Bendigo VIC Lance Corporal Frank S Rice, 4th Batt, Derby England Private Hubert Rosser, 10th Batt, Hallett SA Private Arthur H Thumwood, 16th Batt, Binstead England Private Gordon H Viet, 7th Field Ambulance, Malvern SA Trooper Walter C West, 10th Light Horse, Leeds England Private Joseph Woodhouse, 14th Batt, Birmingham England Private Roy C Woolcock, 5th Batt, Trentham VIC

The information contained in this Roll of Honour details the name, rank, unit and birthplace of each soldier and has been compiled from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission data, Australian War Memorial Roll of Honour cards and individual Service Records held by the National Archives of Australia. NS denotes not stated.

3rd Australian General Hospital

3rd Australian General Hospital

3rd Australian General Hospital

SN/Sr Margaret Aitken, Brisbane QLD SN/Sr/Matron Louisa Ball, Raglan VIC SN Ellen Barron, Didcot England Masseuse Ettie Barnett, Melbourne VIC SN/Sr Briseis Belstead, Westbury TAS SN/Sr May Bentley, Melbourne VIC SN/Sr Mary Bett, Dundee Scotland SN/Sr Jean Bissett, Bendigo VIC SN/Sr Madeline Blundell, Melbourne VIC SN/Sr Dorothy Brown, Brisbane QLD SN/Sr Emily Brown, Brighton VIC SN Alice Brunn, Fiji Islands Sr Muriel Burbury, York Plains TAS SN Esther Campbell, Sale VIC SN/Sr/HSr Isabella Carlisle, Melbourne VIC SN/Sr Mary Cavanagh, Melbourne VIC Sr Julia Crosby, Armagh Clare SA SN Isabel Curnow, Ballarat VIC SN Clarice Daley, Box Hill VIC SN Evelyn Davies, Healesville VIC Sr Gertrude Davis, Warrnambool VIC SN Lucy Daw, Mount Barker SA Sr Sarah DeMestre, Shoalhaven NSW SN Ruby Dickinson, Forbes NSW SN Anne Donnell, Adelaide SA SN Charlotte Donnelly, Bungendore NSW SN Alma Dowe, Tamworth NSW SN Kathleen Doyle, Wybong NSW SN/Sr Violet Duddy, Hastings NZ SN/TSr Florence Durand, London, England SN/Sr Mary Farrell, Yarra Glen VIC Sr Elizabeth Ferrier, Carapoor VIC Sr Mara Ruth Fielding, Watchem VIC SN/Sr Ethel Forsyth, Mansfield VIC Sr Mabel Galwey, Cheshire England SN/Sr Hettie Gardiner, Adelaide SA SN/Sr Marion Geddes, Sale VIC Sr Elsie Grieg, Charters Towers QLD SN/Hon Sr May Hall, Bendigo VIC SN Olive Hall, Geraldton WA SN/ChSr Maud Hardie, Maffra VIC Sr Cecilia Harries, Not stated SN/Sr Emily Henson, Burwood NSW Sr/Matron Emily Hoadley, Shaw NSW Sr Florence Maud Howitt, Bright VIC SN/Sr Eileen Hughes, Dunkeld VIC, Sr Evelyn V Hutt, Hobart TAS SN/Sr Alice James, Gawler SA SN/Sr Florence James-Wallace, St Lawrence QLD

SR Mary Kennedy, Langwarry VIC SN/Sr Martha King, Kensington SA SN/Sr Nellie Leake, Orange NSW Sr Lillian Leitch, Brisbane QLD Sr Elma Linklater, Wilmington SA SN/Sr Ilma Lovell, Winchelsea VIC Sr Frances Lowe, Sydney NSW Sr Flora McDonald, Gladstone QLD SN/Sr Eveline McDonnell, Ballina, Ireland Sr Jean Macfadyen, Smeaton VIC SN/Sr Mary McIlroy, Bendigo VIC SN/Sr Ethel McKay, Pinjarra WA Sr Florence McMillan, Sydney NSW SN/Sr Beulah McMinn, Marrickville NSW SN/Sr Nellie MacMahon, Dunolly VIC Sr Lillian Malster, Hamilton VIC SN/Sr Phillipa Marsh, Adelaide SA SN/Sr Katherine Mitchell, Armidale NSW SN/Sr Ethel Monger, Perth WA Sr/HdSr Nellie Morrice, Sutton Forest NSW SN/Sr Hannah Mullins, Clare, Ireland Sr Annie O’Neill, Not Listed SN Hannah Pankhurst, Sydney NSW SN Elizabeth Parker, Rockhampton QLD SN Gertrude Phillips, Sydney NSW Sr Elsie Pidgeon, Sydney NSW SN Nellie Pike, Wellington NSW SN Ada Pollard, Charters Towers QLD SN/Sr Clara Potter, Port Melbourne VIC Sr Rachael Pratt, Mumbannar VIC Sr/Matron Alice Prichard, Kyabram VIC Sr Minnie Proctor, Dunedin NZ SN/Sr Ella Redman, Smeaton VIC Sr Mary Reid, London, England Sr Stella Agnes Robin, Bendigo VIC SN/Sr Edith Danson Rush, Glebe NSW SN/Sr Nita Selwyn-Smith, Charters Towers QLD SN/Sr Eleanor Simpson, Maryborough QLD SN/Sr Jessie Slack, Rydal NSW SN/Sr Emma Slater, Murdalla SA Sr Dora Smith, Perth WA SN/Sr Ethel Smith, St Arnaud VIC SN/Sr Elsie Smith, Newcastle NSW Sr Kathleen Smith, VIC SN/Sr Myra Smith, Featherston NZ SN/Sr Maude Soden, Surrey England SN Marion Steel, Castlemaine VIC

SN Elsie Stewart, Walkerville SA SN/Sr Emily Taylor, London England SN/Sr Gwladys Thomas, Pembroke Wales SN Florence Tilley, Warwick QLD SN/Sr VICtoriaWakley Melbourne VIC SN Ruth Walker, Sydney NSW Sr Frances Walpole, Hamilton VIC SN Frana Walsh, Sydney NSW SN/Sr Mary Watt, Grenfell NSW SN/Sr Fannie Williams, St Peters SA Matron/PM Grace Wilson, Brisbane QLD SN/Sr Edith Yeaman, Rochester VIC Sr May Florence Young, Malvern VIC SN/Sr Louise Young, Adelaide SA 2nd Australian Stationary Hospital Sr Caroline Allen, Branxholme VIC SN/Sr Virginia Bassetti, Sydney NSW SN/Sr Clarissa Blake, Balaklava SA Sr Amy Ennis, Balmain NSW SN/Sr Olive Haynes, St Peters SA SN/Sr Rachel Herbert, Berrima NSW SN/Sr Florence Hudson, Ballarat VIC SN/Sr Evelyn Humphries, Castlemaine VIC SN/Sr Eleanor Perry, Gundagai, NSW SN/Sr Lucy Packard, Wellington NZ Sr/M Winifred Tait, Goulburn NSW SN/Sr Greta Towner, Blackall QLD SN/Sr Katie Walsh, Braidwood NSW SN Edith Watson, Minyip VIC SN/Sr Eileen Watson, Port Fairy VIC SN/Sr Hope Weatherhead, Cudgee Vic SN/Sr Agnes Webb, Beaudesert QLD Both 3rd AGH and 2nd ASH Sr Flora MacDonald, Gladstone QLD SN/Sr Kit McNaughton, Little River VIC SN/Sr Ida Mockridge, Geelong VIC Sr/Nurse Pauline Pierre-Humbert, VIC SN Elsie Pollock, Grantham QLD T/HDSr/Matron Flora Robertson, Bathurst NSW

This list drawn from information held by the Australian War Memorial, Service Records held by the National Archive of Australia, Unit Nominal Rolls, and WW1 Official History of the Australian Medical Services (Butler, AWM, 1938). Locations listed are either the birthplace or place of association of each nurse recorded in these records. SN denotes Staff Nurse, Sr Sister, Hd Head and Ch Charge. Jim Claven acknowledges the assitance of Dr Kirsty Harris of the University of Melbourne in compling and verifying this list.

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7. Acknowledgements

Our Journey

The completion of our Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial has only been made possible by the dedicated involvement of many people. We would like to take this opportunity to recognise those who have helped create this new and important memorial to Lemnos’ role in Australia’s Anzac story. The Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee We would like to acknowledge the work of all of our members and supporters over the years, and in particular our current and past Executive: Lee Tarlamis JP - President, Malama Varvaras - Vice President, Jim Claven - Secretary, Terry Paule - Treasurer, Christina Despoteris, Steve Kyritsis, Terry Kanellos, Nik Kydas, Chris Podaridis, Peter Volaris, Ken Volaris and Sophia Kotanidis. We would also like to acknowledge our patron Lambis Englezos AM. Our Sculptor and his professional partners We would like to acknowledge the great effort and creative skills of our sculptor, Peter Corlett OAM, his partner Wilys Keeble for planning assistance, Peter’s models Louise Skacej and Josh Rowell, costumes by Warwick Firearms and Militaria, Dean Colls for photography and font design, studio assistants Louise Skacej and Greg Taylor, his foundry partners Peter and Gareth Morley’s Meridian Sculpture Pty Ltd including Geoff Wilson, and J.K. Fashams for transport and installation of the Memorial. Foundation Supporters We would like to acknowledge the significant financial contribution of our Foundation sponsors:

Dr David Weedon AO – in fond memory of his great aunt Matron Grace M Wilson, CBE Major Supporters We would acknowledge the financial contribution of our Major sponsors: The RSL (Victorian Branch) Hellenic Sub-Branch, Lemnian Community of Victoria, Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation (Federal Branch), Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation (Victorian Branch), Nick and Sophia Kambouris, Pontiaki Estia Melbourne and S and T Paule Families. Our many other supporters We would also like to acknowledge the following members and supporters who have contributed to the Lemnos Gallipoli Memorial, by making a direct contribution, by selling the thousands of Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Badges or assisting in other ways: Andriotakis Family of Sydney, Steven Tsalikidis (Windsor Management Insurance Brokers), GVP Fabrications Pty Ltd, Peter and Anna Plafadellis (ANZ Fisheries), Pan-Lemnian Federation of Australia, Delphi Bank, Nijo Nominees Pty Ltd, Christina Despoteris, Walshe and Whitelock Pty Ltd, VPG Nominees Pty Ltd, Bill and Agie Georgantis, Australian Music Supplies, George Petrou, Professor Bruce Scates, Hon. Michael Danby MP Federal Member for Melbourne Ports, Hon. Andrew Robb AO MP Federal Member for Goldstein, Hon. Martin Foley MP State Member for Albert Park, Murray Thompson MP State Member for Sandringham, Mayor Cr Amanda Stevens, Hon. John Pandazopoulos and Peter Volaris (who began the momentum for the recognition of Lemnos’ connection to Anzac), Kosdown Printing, Neos Kosmos, The Greek Media Group, Arlene Bennett and the Nurses Memorial Centre, Alfred Hospital Nurses League, Steve Kyritsis, Ange Kenos, Angelo Yannacaros, Stan Kayalicos, George Skiadas, John Rerakis, Sandra Khazam City of Port Phillip Arts and Heritage Team Leader, John Irwin (Producer, Wild Sweet Prodcutions), Anthony Leong (photography) as well as Form 700 Pty Ltd, Delta Group and Hy-Tec for their contribution towards the foundations works for the Memorial and so many more who have contributed in so many ways. And Our Unveiling Performers And those who have contributed to our unveiling event: the Royal Australian Navy Band, our Piper, Alan Leggett, Faye and Geoff Threlfall, the Creswick RSL Light Horse Troop and Australian Great War Association for their re-enacting of the arrival of the Anzacs on Lemnos, Karen van Spall singing “Grace Wilson” accompanied by David Kram, the combined dancers and musicians of the Lemnian dance group, Cretan Brotherhood and Pontiaki Eastia Melbourne and the 30 Army Cadet Unit.

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100 years ago... when Anzac soldiers and nurses came to Lemnos...

Lest we forget Lemnos Gallipoli Commemorative Committee Inc.