Sten Rentzhog
OPEN A IR MUSEUMS THE HISTORY AND FUTURE OF A VISIONARY IDEA Translated by Skans Victoria Airey
Published in cooperation with ALHFAM and The Association of European Open Air Museums
Carlssons
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Jamtli
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Published with financial support from: Nordisk Kulturfond, Statens kulturråd, Letterstedtska föreningen, Reykjavikurborg, Norsk Folkemuseum, Maihaugen, Sverresborg, Trøndelag Folkemuseum, Den Gamle By, Frilandsmuseet, Gamla Linköping, Jämtlands läns museum, Kulturen, Skansen.
© 2007 Sten Rentzhog Published by Jamtli Förlag and Carlsson Bokförlag Picture editor: Kristina Berg Graphic form and digital production: Bo Herlin Printed by Kristianstads Boktryckeri in Kristianstad, Sweden 2007 ISBN 978-9-7948-208-4
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. ARTUR HAZELIUS AND SKANSEN The Skansen of the 1890s . Know Thyself. . . . . . . The best possible moment . Hazelius as innovator . . . Hazelius and the museums
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2. FOLLOWERS AND COMPETITORS Museums for ordinary people . . . . Open air museums and nationalism . A museum of buildings . . . . . . . The very first open air museum . . . We do not aim at any illusion . . . . The innumerable small museums . . A romanticist with an artistic spirit . The rebellious free thinker. . . . . . Two regional open air museums . . . A town history open air museum . . We are, and want to be, Dutch . . . The vision is passed on . . . . . . .
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3. BETWEEN THE WARS Baltic nation building . . . . . . . . . . . . . An open air museum as a sociological experiment . Museums in Czechoslovakia and Nazi Germany . French museum theory and Welsh nationalism . . Continuing Scandinavian initiatives . . . . . . Skansen and the Swedish “People’s Home” . . . .
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4. OUTDOOR MUSEUMS IN AMERICA Industrialist and social reformer . . The Edison Institute . . . . . . . Greenfield Village as a forerunner . Convincing a millionaire . . . . . The eighteenth century resurrected . A national place of pilgrimage . . .
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5. A FIRMLY ESTABLISHED MOVEMENT Village museum and folk home A total experience . . . . . . . The perfect landscape museum. New areas, new countries . . . A collection of buildings. . . .
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6. THE OPEN AIR MUSEUM IN THE SERVICE OF SOCIALISM 184 Contemporary life in museums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Skansenology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 The living tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
7. MUSEUMS AND INDUSTRIALISM
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An open air museum of technological history Industrial archaeology . . . . . . . . . . A Victorian town . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Nostalgia is the sugar on the pill” . . . . .
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8. LIVING HISTORY A village in New England . . . . . The America of the Pilgrim Fathers Singing seamen . . . . . . . . . . Secrets of the imagination . . . . . The America of the Pioneers . . . . The beginnings of a new state . . . European immigrants . . . . . . . Agrarian history . . . . . . . . . A provoking new method . . . . . The long route to the slave auction .
9. OUT INTO THE WORLD
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10. THE RETURN OF MAN
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The regeneration of Frilandsmuseet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 “A museum about people” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Historyland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
11. OPEN AIR MUSEUMS AND THE CHANGING PRESENT A growing time gap . . . . . . . . . . Norway takes the lead once more. . . . . The needs of the visitor . . . . . . . . . Bridges to the past . . . . . . . . . . . Drama, games and play . . . . . . . . . German reorientation . . . . . . . . . Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall . . . . . . . America’s Greatest History Attraction . . Opening doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back to the founders . . . . . . . . . . Open air museums throw off the shackles .
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12. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
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A triple strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 New needs, new possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
13. THE BOUNDS OF POSSIBILITY
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Large or small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Illusion and reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 True and false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
14. CREATING A NOAH’S ARK A reserve for threatened buildings An advisory centre . . . . . . . Craftsmanship and craft training Biological diversity . . . . . . . On with the dance . . . . . . . Open air museums and research .
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15. THE NOBLE ART OF INTERPRETATION
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Sense and sensibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 A democratic history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Getting things to talk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
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Meeting people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 The inverted time perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Onlooker or participant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
16. ON COMMON GROUND
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Play and imagination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Joyful learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 The open air museum as an arena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
17. AS FAR AS THE VISION CAN REACH The need for visionary leaders . The soul of the museum . . . . Joining forces . . . . . . . . . Doorways to the future . . . .
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Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Illustration credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
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Foreword
When Skansen, the first open air museum in the world, was opened in 89, thanks to the beneficent activity of Artur Hazelius, even the founder himself did not think that this kind of museum would be so successful and would have such a magnificent career internationally. In the last 5 years, several open air museums have been established in different size and quality all over the world, in more waves. At the beginning, this museum type set root only in Northern Europe, then in Western—and Central—Europe too; later it appeared on the American continent, in Asia and Australia too, and finally, it started to emerge in Africa also. The popularity of open air museums is best proved by the fact, that in 2004, in the 25 countries of the European Union there were 500 million museum visitors. This number is higher than the whole population of the European Union and 33% of these people visited open air type museums. Consequently, the significance and social prestige of open air museums cannot be queried, the existing cultural policy and social dialogue must always deal with this important segment of culture. The Association of European Open Air Museums, the professional organisation, assembling the open air museums of the European Continent, had a mile stone in its 40-year long history in 200, a general meeting in Szentendre, Hungary. With the title New Millennium, New Challenges for Open Air Museums the conference drew up the most important questions the open air museums of Europe and the world have to face: first of all, there was a topic with the title Survival of a 9th century idea in the 2st century; the conference also dealt with visitor expectations and the answers the museums give in return; and finally, there was a discussion concerning the limits of museums in time, space, topic and interpretation. Sten Rentzhog, the author of this volume was a very thoughtful participant of this conference. He diligently collected data, information and pictures of the open air museums of the world throughout the years in the Nordiska museet in Stockholm and in the Jamtli Open Air Museum, Sweden. The result of this conscious and meticulous work is in the hand of the distinguished reader. The book has a revolutionary significance: on the one hand being a comprehensive ix
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summary, it exceeds the works of previous European authors. In 974 Adelhart Zippelius (Germany), at the end of the 980s Jerzy Czajkowski (Poland), and in 2004 Jiří Langer (Czech Republic) gave a summary about the European open air museums. The aim of these volumes was not a deeper analysis but to inform the general public, to sum up the knowledge about open air museums for a wider circle of people. Sten Rentzhog wrote a book, which is based on professional experience, gained during the decades of work in open air museums and the personal experiences from several continents. This is not a guide book, not a list of open air museums, not a publication for tourists. The author examines the open air museums of almost all continents in a very special way. Beyond the analysis, it also includes serious statements on the basis of comparative analysis, besides an extremely readable introduction to the museums, which sketches the historic development of this museum type, its past, present, exhibitions and characteristics unawares. Connected to the general meeting of the Association of European Open Air Museums in 200, he also delineates the varieties of a possible future in several closing chapters. The book, written by Sten Rentzhog, becomes available in English not just for the growing number of those who are professionally interested, but also for those laymen who visit these museums. This book is a summary, being a scientific product and an enjoyable reading at the same time. On behalf of the Association of Open Air Museums and myself I kindly recommend this volume. Dr. Miklós Cseri President of the Association of European Open Air Museums
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Preface
This is a “more-than” book, more than a story of the museums, more than a handbook and critique, more than an armchair traveler’s guide. It is all of these and much more. It is the first comprehensive study of open air museums in Europe and North America, including the well-known, the less-recognized, and a few that the author admits are not true open air museums. It is a sensitive examination of visionary and not-so-visionary leaders, of the ideas that moved them, and the strengths and weaknesses of what they created. Most important, perhaps, the book is a provocative and earnest call for open air museums in Europe and North America to do things that will help them survive and succeed in the 2st century. The call is supported with many good ideas that actually are carried out in museums the author discusses. Theory and practice are combined here in ways that will be interesting and useful to staff and supporters. The armchair traveler will discover not only what museums are out there, but gain an understanding of what museums can do, becoming an informed, and even demanding, visitor. The author is an experienced museum professional and scholar. His book is a product of a lifetime of work in Sweden, of engagement in international museum organizations, and travel with a perceptive eye in Europe and North America. As much as the past is always with him, so is the future. He is intrigued by the possibilities of the many forms of “living history” and the many possibilities of “role playing” and “story-telling” in museums. As Rentzhog explores in many places in his book, the debates about the proper form and functions of open air museums have gone on over time since the beginnings. In the 890s, the founder of Sweden’s Skansen, Artur Hazelius, and the Norwegian counterpart at Norsk Folkmuseum, Hans Aall, had different views. So did many other lesser known leaders and “followers,” as he terms them. In the United States, ever since Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller gave form to their versions of the past in Dearborn, Michigan, and Williamsburg, Virginia, controversies have come out repeatedly. The Association of European Open Air Museums was founded in the 960s. At its biennial conferences the debates have often become heated; so, too, among staff in museums. xi
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In North America, the Association for Living Historical Farms and Agricultural Museums (ALHFAM), was founded in 970. At the annual conferences, lively discussions, sometimes heated ones, about accuracy, historical reality, and proper modes of interpretation have occupied conferences. Could the living history farm “recreate” the past, or was it really only a “model,” and should visitors be made aware of that? The educational role of the museum was never a question, but the “how” certainly was. What was most appropriate and effective: third person interpretation or first person with the interpreter playing a role of someone living or working in the place? Should the first person interpreter break role to answer a question of a visitor? Should period social, economic and political issues be brought into the museum? More recently, the retention of the acronym “ALHFAM” but the change of the name to “Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums” is symptomatic of the desire of many in the organization to be focused upon interpretation and re-enactment. Rentzhog does not shy away from expressing his views, his hopes and concerns. In his hands, the old view that open air museums in Europe were only concerned with preservation and collections, and that Americans were too concerned with education and the public, goes by the board. Since the 970s, many of the same concerns and efforts to reach the public have been visible. In the last chapters of the book, many of the matters discussed in the contexts of particular museums are dealt with suggestively and more comprehensively. The open air museum to succeed in the 2st century must consider the needs of various publics. Nostalgia is not enough to bring younger generations to museums. Here is a book for all interested in open air museums, whatever they are called, outdoor museums, skansens, museum villages, working historical farms, or peasant museums. Rentzhog’s messages are important and must be heard. Visitors want to participate in various ways in the museum experience. They must be able to find real people or fictional people “inhabiting” the urban dwellings, the farmhouses, and the workshops. In interpretive and educational programs, themes should provide means to explore issues but not give fixed answers. The reader will do well to remember Rentzhog’s words at the close of the chapter on “Industrialism.” “No museum is ever complete. Wherever one goes, one sees possibilities. It is as if the whole museum stands waiting for the next phase.” Edward L. Hawes Association for Living History Farm and Agricultural Museums Consultant to museums
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Literature Aall,Hans 920: Norsk Folkemuseum 1894-1919. Trekk av dets historie. Kristiania. Aaraas,Olav 987: Fra røykstover til ferdighus. Museumsnytt : 25-27. Aaraas,Olav 994: Maihaugen, hva nå? Maihaugen årbok : 2-7. Acta Scansenologica, –8, 98-200: Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanuko. Sanok. Ågotnes,Jakob 99: The ideology of folk museums. Tagungsberichte : 73-83. Ågotnes,Jakob E. 993: Maihaugen – i nordisk perspektiv. Maihaugen Årbok : 8-27. Ahrens,Claus 990: Wiederaufgebaute Vorzeit. Archäologische Freilichtmuseen in Europa. Neumünster (Karl Wacholtz). Alexander, Edward P. 968: A Fourth Dimension for History Museums. Curator XI:4 : 263-289. Alexander, Edward P. 97A: Museums in Motion. An Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums. Nashville (American Association for State and Local History). Alexander, Edward P. 97B: The Interpretation Program of Colonial Williamsburg. Williamsburg. Alexander, Edward P. 983: Museum Masters. Their Museums and Their Influence. Nashville (American Association for State and Local History). ALHFAM Proceedings, Papers from the ALHFAM annual conferences, The Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums, 974-2006. Alin, Margareta-Johansson,Ella 200: Friluftsmuseets aktualitet. Kulturen: 6-9. Almqvist, Victor 907: Artur Hazelius, Några minnesord. Ord & Bild : 307-35. Alsford, Stephen 984: The Looking-Glass World: A Study of Reconstructed-Community Museums in Canada. Ottawa, National Museum of Man (stencil). Amundsen, Arne Bugge-Rogan,BjarneStang,Margrethe C.(red.) 2003: Museer i fortid og nåtid. Essays i museumskunnskap. Oslo (Novus Forlag). Anderson,Gail 2004: Reinventing the Museum. Walnut Creek (Altamira). Anderson, Jay 976/99: Immaterial Material Culture.The Implications of Experimental Research for Folklife Museums, in Keystone Folklore 2, 976, reprinted in Anderson 99:27-32. Anderson, Jay 982/99: Living History. American Quarterly Review, Fall 982, reprinted in Anderson 99:3-4.
Anderson,Jay 984: Time Machines. The World of Living History. Nashville (American Association for State and Local History). Anderson,Jay 985: The Living History Sourcebook. Nashville (American Association for State and Local History). Anderson,Jay 99: A Living History Reader. Nashville (American Association for State and Local History). Anttila,Veikko 964: Suomen Kotiseuduntutkimus 1894-1920, Helsinki. Appleton,William Sumner 99: Destruction and Preservation of Old Buildings in New England, Art and Archaeology, The Arts Throughout the Ages, Vol.VIII, No.3: 3-83. Arcadius,Kerstin 997: Museum på svenska. Länsmuseerna och kulturhistorien. Nordiska museets handlingar 23, Stockholm. Armstrong,J.R.(ed) 976: Weald & Downland Open Air Museum Singleton. Main Guide, Singleton. Arndt,Ernst Moritz 807: Resa genom Sverige År 1804, Andra delen. Carlstad. Återblickar, 99: Samfundet för Hembygdsvård 75 år, Bygd och Natur Årsbok. Atkinson,Frank 968: Regional museums. Museums Journal, Vol. 68, No. 2, Sept. :7477. Atkinson,Frank 97: New open-air museums, Museum, Vol. XXIII, 1970/71:No. 2: 99-07. Atkinson,Frank 999: The Man who made Beamish. An autobiography. Gateshead (Northern Books). Att levandegöra historia. 2000: (Rapport från) Museipedagogisk konferens. Jamtli/Jämtlands läns museum. Baeckström,Arvid 933: Några flyktiga Hazeliana från 890-talet, Minnesbladet : 20 (28). Baer,John W. 992: The Pledge of Allegiance. A Centennial History,1892-1992. Annapolis (Free State Press). Baker,Andrew-Leon,Warren 986/99: Old Sturbridge Village Introduces Social Conflict into Its Interpretive Story, in History News, March 986, reprinted in Anderson 99:04. Baker,James 990: World View At Plimoth Plantation: History And Theory, ALHFAM Proceedings:64- 67. Baker,James W. 997A: Plimoth Plantation. Fifty Years of Living History, Plymouth. Baker,James W. 997B: Plimoth Plantation. A Pictorial Guide. Plymouth. Balassa,Iván M. 200: Ein Gedanke aus dem
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9. Jahrhundert – im 2. Jahrhundert,Tagu ngsberichte: 63-68. Ballenberg Jahrbuch 998: 20 Jahre Schweizerisches Freilichtmuseum Ballenberg. Brienz. Barucki,Tadeusz 990A: Skansen w Kawasaki, Japonia. Acta Scansenologica 6: 74-85. Barucki,Tadeusz 990B: Skansen w Bangkoku, Tajlandia. Acta Scansenologica 6: 88-205. Bather,F.A.903: Presidential Address to the Museums Association, July 903. Museums Journal, Vol.III: 69–32 + 36p. illustrations. Bather,F.A. 96: The Triumph of Hazelius. Museums Journal, Vol.6: 32-36. Baumeier,Stefan 996: Idee und Realisation. Zur Geschichte des westfälischen Freilichtmuseums, in Baumeier-Carstensen 996:768. Baumeier,Stefan 200: Die vergessenen Nachbarn, Tagungsberichte: 234-24. Baumeier,Stefan 2005: Stoppt den Häuservielfrass! Entwicklung und Optimierung umweltverträglicher Verfahren…zu Bekämpf ung von Schädlingen, Tagungsberichte. Baumeier,Stefan-Carstensen,Jan 996: Westfälisches Freilichtmuseums Detmold. Geschichte – Konzepte- Entwiklungen. Detmold. Beamish One, 978: The First Report of the North of England Open Air Museum Joint Committee, Spring 1978. Beamish. Beamish, 99: The Making of a Museum. Beamish. Beamish, 2003: The Experience of a Lifetime. Beamish. Beck,Larry & Cable,Ted T. 2002: Interpretation for the 21st Century. Fifteen Guiding Principles for Interpreting Nature and Culture. Champaign, IL (Sagamore Publishing). Beckmann,Uwe 993: Fotografien von Wilhelm Claas. Architektur und Technische Kulturdenkmale 1925-1950. Hagen. Beckmann,Uwe 995-996: Wilhelm Claas und das Westfälische Freilichtmuseum Hagen. TKD- Technische Kulturdenkmale, 30: 8-; 3:2-5; 32:2-5. Behm,A. 90: Skansens zoologiska trädgård. Kort vägledning. Stockholm. Bengtsson,Bengt 972: Skansens stadskvarter som levande miljö, Fataburen:3-8. Bengtsson,Bengt 973: Kulturen i Lund. Fakta och planer. Lund. Bennett,Tony 990: Museums and “the people”. The museum time machine, ed. R.Lumley, London&New York (Routledge): 63-85. Bennett,Tony 995: The Birth of the Museum. London & New York (Routledge). Berg,Gösta 933: Artur Hazelius. Mannen och hans verk. Stockholm. Berg,Gösta 982: Karlin och Hazelius, Kulturen: 63-78. Berg,Gösta 986: Karlin und Hazelius, Acta Scansenologica: 9–23. Berg,Jonas 980: Dräktdockor – Hazelius och andras, Fataburen: 9-28.
Berg,Marit 2004: “It’s all the same”, Museum i Friluft, By og Bygd XXXVIII:26-38. Bergström,Erik J.986: Härjedalens fornminnesförening, Jämten: 38-46. Berlepsch-Valendas,H.E.905: Skandinavische Museen. Eine Reisestudie. Kunst und Handwerk. Zeitschrift des Bayerischen Kunsgewerbevereins zu München, 55 Jahrg., 904/905: 69-92, 20-227. Bernhardt,Kirsten 2005: Das Armenhaus im Westfälischen Freilichtmuseum, Detmold. Bineva,Rossitsa 2002: Ethnographic Open-Air Museum “Etar” and Problems of Enlivening of the Museum Exposition, in Working Session of the Association of European Open Air Museums, Muzej “Staro Salo”, Kumrovec, Croatia, September 2002. Bing,Morten 2004: “Hjem” på museum. Refleksjon rundt innredninger i et friluftsmuseum. Museum i Friluft. By og Bygd XXXVIII:0-25. Biörnstad,Arne 985: Möte om friluftsmuseer i Hagen och Detmold, Svenska museer, Nr.1: 25-31. Biörnstad,Arne 987: Friluftsmuseerna i framtiden, FRI, Samarbetsblad för svenska friluftsmuseer, nr 7 (föredrag från möte i Lillehammer sept. 987, stencil). Biörnstad,Arne 99: Artur Hazelius och Skansen, Skansen under hundra år. Höganäs (Bra böcker): 77-96. Biörnstad,Arne-Liman,Ingemar 972: Skansenprogrammen och tidsandan, Fataburen: 972. Bjerknes,Kristian 972: Peter Holm og Gamle Bergen. Købstadmuseet ”Den Gamle By” Årbog:5-6. Björkroth,Maria 99: Från vision till verklighet, Återblickar. Bygd och Natur Årsbok:23-78 Björkroth,Maria 2000: Hembygd i samtid och framtid 1890-1930. Diss. Papers in Museology 5, Umeå. Bjorli,Trond 2000: Kultur, vitenskap og samfunn. Samling og ideologi på Norsk Folkemuseum 1894-1914. Hovedfagsoppgave i etnologi. Bergen. Blaesild,Benno 2003: Making Christmas an Additional High Season, Tagungsberichte:908. Bloch,Marc 930/993: Om friluftsmuseer och bygdemuseer i Skandinavien 930, Nordisk museologi 993::73-76. Bloch Ravn,Thomas 999: Den Gamle By er et laboratorium for bevaring af de gamle bygningshåndvaerk, Bygning.By og Land, nr.42:4-7. Bloch-Ravn,Thomas 2000A: Dansk Center for Byhistorie ved Historisk Institut og Den Gamle By, Den Gamle By:7-. Bloch-Ravn,Thomas 2000B:Levendegørelse. Den Gamle By: 3-54. Bloch Ravn,Thomas 200: New ideas in harmony with tradition.Gamle By as an example from Denmark,Tagungsberichte:7986.
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Bloch Ravn,Thomas 2002: Den Gamle By. Et vindue til historien. København (Gyldendal). Bloch Ravn,Thomas 2002: Den Gamle By. A Window into the Past. Copenhagen 2002. Bloch Ravn,Thomas 2003A: Industrisamfundet på frilandsmuseum. Den Gamle By: 7-9. Bloch Ravn,Thomas 2003B: Developing identity and managing PR. Experiences from Den Gamle. By,in Lyck Lyse (ed.): Turistattraktionsstudier i et økonomisk perspektiv, Nyt fra Samfundsvidenskaberne: 325-333. Bloch Ravn,Thomas 2003C: A 20th Century Addition to The Old Town. Tagungsberichte:5-55. Bloch-Ravn,Thomas 2004: Historie der smager af noget. Samvirke 2004:7. Boardman,Kathryn 997: Revisiting Living History: A Business, An Art, A Pleasure, An Education. ALHFAM Proceedings. Boe,Liv Hilde 2004: Moské på Norsk Folkemuseum? By og Bygd, XXXVIII:42-55. Boesmans,Annick 200: The sky is the limit (?), Tagungsberichte: 94-99. Boesman,Annick 2003: No stranger would sit alone where everyone feels at home, Tagungsberichte: 59-70. Bogdan,Robert 988: Freak Show. Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit. Chicago and London (The University of Chicago Press). Boken om Skansen 980: Red. N.E. Baerendtz. Höganäs (Bra böcker). Bondegård og museum – frilandsmuseernes teori og praksis – Rapport fra seminar i anledning af Frilandsmuseets 00-års jubilæum 997, red. Mette Skougaard m.fl. København 998. (Landbohistorisk Selskab). Böök,Fredrik 923: Artur Hazelius En levnadsteckning, Stockholm. Borgström,Britt Marie 2003; Tidsresan. Lek och fantasi som pedagogisk metod. Stockholm. (Nordiska museet). Bothmer,Heinz – Karchow,Paul (no date): Das Deutsche Dorf. Volkstümliches Freilichtmuseum zu Brandenburg a.H. Berlin. Bowie,Beverley M. 954: Williamsburg: It’s College and it’s Cinderella City, The National Geographic Magazine, October 954:439-486. Bragelien,Jarle 2004: Frå Maihaugporten til Framtidshuset. Museets utvikling gjennom 00 år, Maihaugen Årbok:53-65. Bramsen,Bo 97: The History of the Old Town museum in Århus. Århus Brandt,Anthony 978/99: A Short Natural History of Nostalgia, in Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 978, repr. in Anderson 99:200– 205. Brears,Peter C.D. 980: Kirk of the Castle, Museums Journal, Vol 80: 90-92 London. Brinchmann,Chr.900: Sandvigs samlinger paa Lillehammer, Kringsjaa XVI, hefte 7-8:48489;609-67. Kristiania.
Bringéus,Nils-Arvid 972: Artur Hazelius och Nordiska museet, Fataburen: 7-32. Bringéus,Nils-Arvid 992: Karlin och Kulturen. Kulturen 992. Briscoe,Virginia Wolf 977: Living Historical Farms, ALFHAM Proceedings Brooke,Michael Z.970: Le Play: engineeer and social scientist. The life and work of Frédéric Le Play. London (Longman). Brough,James 977: The Ford Dynasty. An American Story. New York (Doubleday). Bubp,Ken and others 2003: A Study of Family Learning Leads to Changing Approaches to Interpretation at Conner Prairie, ALHFAM Proceedings:277-287. Buchanan,R.Angus 2000: The origins of industrial archaeology, in Cossons, N.: Perspectives on Industrial Archeology: 8-38, London (Science Museum). Bucur,Corneliu 993: Museum vivum Tagungsberichte: 96-02. Bucur,Corneliu 995: Romanian Millenary Civilazation, in “Astra” Museum Sibiu. Sibiu. Buggeland,Tord-Ågotnes,Jakob 987: Maihaugen. De Sandvigske Samlinger 100 år. Oslo (J.W.Cappelens Forlag). Buggeland,Tord 99: Farming as a part of the museum work at Maihaugen, Tagungsberichte: 27-28. Buzek,Ladislav-Langer,Jiří 976: Das valachische Freilichtmuseum. Ostrava. Callender,Don W. Jr. 976/99: Reliving the Past: Experimental Archaeology in Pennsylvania. Archaeology, July 976, reprinted in Anderson 99:33-37. Caramia,John A.Jr.2006: Living History, ALHFAM, and the Future of Historic Sites, ALHFAM Proceedings. Carnegie,Ron 2000: Playing the Game: Teaching First-Person Interpreters to Help Visitors Get the Information They Seek, ALHFAM Proceedings:75-78. Carson,Cary 98/99: Living Museums of Everyman’s History, Harvard Magazine, July-August 98:22-32, reprinted in Anderson 99:25-3. Carson,Cary 994: Lost in the Fun House: A Commentary on Antropologists’ First Contact with History Museums,The Journal of American History, June:37-50. Carson,Cary 995: Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall, Whose History Is the Fairest of Them All? The Public Historian, Vol. 7, No.4:6-67. Carson,Cary 998: Colonial Williamsburg and the Practise of Interpretive Planning in American History Museums, The Public Historian, Vol.20, No 3:-5. Carson,Cary (ed.) 2002: Becoming Americans: Our Struggle to be both Free and Equal. A Plan of Thematic Interpretation. Teaching History at Colonial Williamsburg. Williamsburg. Carstensen,Jan 999: Historic ecology and a
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new environmental awareness, Tagungsberichte:69-78. Carstensen,Jan 2004: Die Grösseren Freilichtmuseen in Deutschland 2004. Eine Umfrage, Museums Mitteilungen RheinlandPfalz 2002/2003:27-39. Celander,Lisbet-Hermansson,Lottie 998: Blommors poesi. Från Fredriksdals herrgård. Höganäs. Ceuster,Paul de 997: Political culture versus museum culture,Tagungsberichte: 82-87. Chew,Nigel 2003: A child’s eye view, Tagungsberichte: 7-90. Chodakiwski,Mikola 997: Von der Vergangenheit in die Zukunft/From Past to Present, Tagungsberichte :64-70. Christensen,Arne Lie 2003: Landskapet i museene – museet i landskapet, in Amundsen-Rogan-Stang 2003: 95-6. Claesson,Anna Maria 2005: Till de dödas försvar, in Svensson, Birgitta (red.): Föremål för forskning. Stockholm (Nordiska museet):7478. Clark,Henry 2000: Using Magic Lantern Shows To Make Your Site Seem As Though It Has More Staff Than It Actually Does, ALHFAM Proceedings: 46-55. Clawson,Marion 965: Living Historical Farms. A Proposal for Action. Agricultural History No.39, April 965. Berkeley. Cleaver,Joanne 988: Doing Childrens’ Museums. Charlotte, Vermont. Clemetsen,Morten 996: Landskapsplan for Maihaugen, Norges Lantbrugshøyskole. Coleman,Ann 2000: The Story of Fortress Louisburg, ALHFAM Proceedings: 4 Conn,Steven 998: Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876-1926, University of Chicago Press. Conrad,Kurt 990: 00 Jahre nach Skansen; ein europäisches Freilichtmuseum in MittelEuropa,Tagungsberichte: 08-. Cossons,Neil 979: Ironbridge – The First Ten Years, Industrial Archaeology Review: 79-86. Cossons,Neil 980: The museum in the valley. Ironbridge Gorge, Museum, Vol. XXXII, No. 3:38-53. Craig,Tracey Linton 983 /99: Retreat into History, in History News, Vol.38, June 983, reprinted in Anderson 99:42-49. Cseri,Miklós 999: Historic Structures in the Hungarian Open Air Museum in Szentendre, Tagungsberichte: 06-0. Curman,Sigurd 933: Artur Hazelius. Ett hundraårsminne. Ord och Bild: 589-599. Curtin,Kathleen 2000: I Know It When I See It: Effective Orientation to First Person Programming at Plimoth Plantation. ALHFAM Proceedings:68-72. Czajkowski,Jerzy 976: Die didaktisch erzierische Rolle der Freilichtmuseen, Tagungsberichte: 80-83. Czajkowski,Jerzy 980: Actual State of Erection
Work in Open Air Museums in Poland, Acta Scansenologica :46-59. Czajkowski,Jerzy (ed.) 98: Open-Air Museums in Poland. Poznan. Czajkowski,Jerzy 982: Skansen Museology in Socialistic Countries in the Years 945-982, Tagungsberichte: 8-22. Czajkowski,Jerzy 984: Muzea na wolnym powietrzu w Europie. Historia-Dzién Dzisiejszy – Perspektywy, Rzeszów-Sanok. Czajkowski,Jerzy 986: Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanuko. Park Etnograficzny. Sanok. Czajkowski,Jerzy 999: The Ethnographic Park in Sanok. Museum Guide. Sanok. Czajkowski,Jerzy 2004: Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku z perspektywy 45 lat/ The Folk Architecture Museum in Sanok from a 45-year Perspective, Materialy Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku 36, Sanok. Dauskardt,Michael 2002: Das Prinzip der produktorientierenten Vorführung im westfälischen Freilichtmuseum Hagen, in Working Session of the Association of European Open Air Museums, Muzej “Staro Selo”, Kumrovec, Croatia, September 2002. Davydov,Alexandr N.982: Cultural Ecology of Etnos and Open Air Museum, Tagungsberichte 1982:84-87. Davydov,A.N. 984: Das System der Freilichtmuseen in der UdSSR, Tagungsberichte: 244-266 Dawydow,Aleksander N, 985: Muzeum Ludowego Budownictwa w Archangielsku, Acta Scansenologica 3: 89-20. Davydov,Alexander N. 2005: Open Air Museum as an Ambassador of Local Communities, Tagungsberichte. Deetz,James 969/99: The Reality of the Pilgrim Fathers, Natural History 56, No.6, November 969:32-44; reprinted in Anderson 99:0-09. Deetz,James 97/99: The Changing Historical House Museum: Can It Live? Historic Preservation, Jan-March 97:5-54; reprinted in Anderson 99:5-7. Deetz,James 980 /99: A Sense of Another World: History Museums and Cultural Change, History News 59, May-June 980:4045; reprinted in Anderson 99:9-23. Deetz,James 98/99: The Link from Object to Person to Concept, in Museums, Adults, and the Humanities, Washington D.C.(AAM) 98:24-34; reprinted in Anderson 99:206-22. Deetz,James-Deetz,Patricia Scott 2000: The Time of Their Lifes. Life, Love and Death in Plymouth Colony. New York (W.H.Freeman). Dethlefsen,Dr.(Richard) 93: Führer durch das Ostpreussische Heimatmuseum. Königsberg. Dickerman,Marion 965: The Three Founders.
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Mystic (The Marine Historical Association Inc). Doak,Richard 979: His goal: A Midwest showcase. Des Moines Tribune, October 2. Drake,Knut’978: A Short Talk: Open Air Museums and the Preservation of Monuments, Tagungsberichte 978:65-68. Drake,Knut 995: Forntid, nutid, framtid. Åbo stads historiska museum – Åbo landskapsmuseum 1881-1981. Åbo landskapsmuseum. Ekström,Anders 994: Den utställda världen. Stockholmsutställningen 1897 och 1800-talets världsutställningar. Stockholm (Nordiska museet). Elder,Betty Doak 979: Behind the Scenes at Living History Farms, History News:33349 Elfström,Gunnar 99: Town quarters in open air museums,Tagungsberichte 99:84-93. Elfström,Gunnar 995: Criticism against Old Linköping in the 960s. Tagungsberichte: 62-69. Elfström,Gunnar 996: En bok om Gamla Linköping. Linköping. Elfström,Gunnar 997: See the people/Ein Blick auf die Menschen, Tagungsberichte: 60-68. Elle,Vunder 988: Über estnische Freilichtmuseen, Tagungsberichte: 5-55. Ellenius,Allan & Wonders,Karen 99: Verklig eller blott målad. Tvärsnitt -2: 20-29. Engen,Arnfinn 2004: Samlaren Anders Sandvig. Oslo (Det norske samlaget). Ernst,Eugen 988: Aussereuropäische, insbesondere US-amerikanische Freilichtmuseen, Tagungsberichte: 83-9. Eurwyn,William 988: The concept of change in history:Recent developments at the Welsh Folk Museum, Cardiff, Tagungsberichte: 4850. Evans,Michael 99: Historical interpretation at Sovereign Hill, Australian Historical Studies: 42-52. Evans,Michelle&Heiwig,Douglas 999: Development of the Underground Railroad Program at Conner Prairie, ALHFAM Proceedings. Evans,Michelle&Heiwig,Douglas 2000: Follow the North Star: An Update, ALHFAM Proceedings: 25-28. Faber,Michael 983: Das Freilichtmuseum als Lernort. 25 Jahre Rheinisches Freilichtmuseum Kommern, Köln:66-73. Faber,Michael H. 998: Larger events – “The Funfair of yesteryear”, Interpretation in Open Air Museums. Transcripts from the training seminar 24-26 June 998:48-57. Verband Europäischer Freilichtmuseen. Singleton. Festin,Eric 96: Från nabolandet i väster (Ur anteckningar från en studieresa i Norge 96), Jämten: 94-0. Festin,Eric 928: Jämtslöjd-Heimbygda 20 år. En återblick. Jämten: 3-.
Filippova,A.A. 2004: Vitoslavlicy. Novgorodskij Muzej narodnogo derevjannogo zodcestva. Moscow. Floris,Lene 994: Frilandsmuseets Skolestue. Museumspaedagogik og formidling gennem 30 år. Dansk Tidskrift for Museumsformidling 4:69-80. Foçsa,Gheorghe 959/962: The Village Museum in Bucharest. Bucharest 959, new ed.962. Foçsa,Gheorghe 972: Das Museum des Dorfes Bucaresti. Bucaresti. Ford,Henry 922: My Life and Work. London. Ford,Henry 926: Today and Tomorrow. London. Ford,Henry 93: Moving Forward. London. Fornvårdskommittén 922: Kulturhistoriska föreningar och samlingar. Särtryck ur Kungl. Fornvårdskommitténs betänkande. Stockholm. Forsslund,Karl-Erik 900: Storgården. En bok om ett hem. Stockholm. Forsslund,Karl-Erik 94: Hembygdsvård. Stockholm. Fortier,John 978/99: Thoughts on the Recreation and Interpretation of Historical Environments, in Schedule and Papers of the Third International Congress of Maritime Museums, 978, reprinted in Anderson 99:8-24. Fortier,John 98/99: Louisburg. Managing a Moment in Time, in Anderson 99:35-45. Fosdick,Raymond B.956: John D.Rockefeller, Jr. A Portrait. New York. Freas,Dan 2000: Orientation to First-Person Interpretation: A Three-Part Approach. ALHFAM Proceedings:73-74. Freier,Ute und Peter 2000: Freilichtmuseen in Deutschland und seine Nachbarländern. München. Gailey,Alan 990: Cultural Identity and the Open-air Museum: The Challenge of Cultural Change, Tagungsberichte: 2-30. Gailey,Alan 992: Conflict-resolution in Northern Ireland: the role of the folk museum. Museum (UNESCO) No.75:65-69. Gailey,Alan 2000: Domesticating the Past: The Development of Open-Air Museums, Folk Life Vol.38, 999-2000:7-2. Gammersvik,Ågot 2004: Maihaugen 00 år, Maihaugen Årbok: 27-220. Gammon,Billie & Richards,Glenda 978: Rural Reflections. A Living History Program At Norlands. Livermore. Gammon,Mrs.Alfred 98: Norlands Adult Live In. Livermore. Gammon,Mrs.Alfred (no date): Norlands Schoolhouse. Livermore. Garnier,Charles-Ammann A. 892: L’Habitation humaine. Paris. Geijerstam,Gustaf af 892: Hur tankarna komma och gå. Intryck från Skansen, Ord & Bild:8-27.
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George,Alberta Sebolt 990: Managing for the Future, ALHFAM Proceedings:24-27. George,Alberta Sebolt 996: President’s message, in McCallum 996:7-8. Gerits,Jan 992: Denkend aan dr.Jozef Weyns, Heemkunde in Vlaanderen:huldeboek dr Jozef Weyns. Winksele (Boek en Vorm): 9-5. Gjestrum,John Aage, 200: ”Museumsmaend og deres skidne töi“, Nordisk museologi, -2: 2-32. Gooch,Pernille 200: Experimentell agrarhistoria på Kulturens Östarp, Kulturen:20-33. Goodacre,Beth–Baldwin,Gavin 2002: Living the Past. Reconstruction, Recreation , Reenactment and Education at Museums and Historical Sites. London (Middlesex University Press). Goodwin,Rutherford, 94: A Brief & True Report Concerning Williamsburg in Virginia: Being an Account of the most important Occurrences in that Place from its first Beginning to the present Time. 3rd edition, Williamsburg. Goodwin,W.A.R. 937: The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg, The National Geographic Magazine, April:402-443. Gormsen,Gudrun 989: Living Historical Actualities at the Open-Air Museum at Hjerl Hede, ALHFAM Proceedings. Gradmann,Eugen 90: Heimatschutz und Landschaftspflege. Stuttgart. Gram,Magdalena 2005: Nordiska museets märke, in Svensson, Birgitta (red.): Föremål för forskning. Stockholm (Nordiska museet):22-34. Grandien,Bo 99: Grogrunden. Tiden före 89, in Skansen under hundra år, 99:932. Graur,Tiberiu 99: Ethnographic museum of Transylvania and the ethnographic national park – a hope for the future of our forgotten past, Tagungsberichte 99:5-7. Greenleaf,William 964: From these beginnings. The early Philantropies of Henry and Edsel Ford,1911-1936. Detroit (Wayne State University Press). Greenspan,Anders 2002: Creating Colonial Williamsburg. Washington (Smithsonian Institution). Gretschel,Matthias–Ortwin,Pelc 998: Hagenbeck, Tiere, Menschen, Illusionen. Hamburg. Grimm,Birgit 997: Wilhelm II och Norge, in Skandinavien och Tyskland 800-94. Berlin (Jovis Verlagsbüro/Nationalmuseum): 002. GSchwend, Max 998: Geschichte und Geschichten, in Ballenberg Jahrbuch 998:2845. Gushchin,Boris A.&Viola A.Gushchina 992: Everyone needs Kizhi!, Museum (UNESCO), No 75:70-73. Gustafsson,Gotthard 953: Skansens handbok i vården av gamla byggnader. Stockholm. Gustavsson,Karin 997: Gisela Trapp, Kring Kärnan: 43-63
Gynnild,Svein 993: Vern og visjon. Røros og Trøndelag Folkemuseum. Bakgrunn, formål og utvikling. Hovedoppgave i historie, Universitetet i Trondheim. Haan,David de 996: Ironbridge – from Museum to World Heritage Site, Nordisk museologi: 2:4-50. Haarstad,Kjell 986: Den lokalhistoriske bevegelsen i Norge, bakgrunn og oppkomst. Heimen 2:42-49. Haffner,Susanne 997: Freizeitparks. Düsselfdorf. Hähnel,Joachim 983: Das Rheinische Freilichtmuseum – Planung und Aufbau, 25 Jahre Rheinisches Freilichtmuseum Kommern, Köln:25-78. Hallström,Gunnar 905: Vid Gunnar Hazelius’ dödsläger. Ord & Bild:27-29. Hamilton,J.G. de Roulhac 93: The Ford Museum. The American Historical Review, Vol. XXXVI, Nr 4, July 93:772-775. Hammarlund-Larsson,Cecilia 2004: “I denna tid af slapp nationalkänsla”. Om Artur Hazelius, vetenskapen och nationen, i Hammarlund-Larsson et al, Samhällsideal och framtidsbilder.Perspektiv på Nordiska museets dokumentation och forskning: -66. Stockholm (Carlssons). Hammarstedt,Nils Edvard 902: Artur Hazelius, Nornan, Svensk kalender: -3. Hamp,Steven K. 2006: The Value Exchange: Museums and Their Context, Curator vol.49, no.:25-54. Handler,Richard-Gable,Eric 997: The New History in an Old Museum: Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg. Durham NC (Duke University Press). Hardin,Wes (ed) 999: An American Invention: The Story of Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village. Ed. by Wes Hardin, William S.Pretzer, Susan M.Steele. Dearborn. Harris,R.(ed) 987: Weald & Downland Open Air Museum. Guidebook. Singleton. Harris,Richard 990: The Bayleaf Medieval Farmstead. The Reseach. A Road to Discovery. Singleton. Harris,Richard 997: A True Cottage. Weald & Downland Magazine, Vol.8, No 7. Harris,Richard 998: Buildings as technical entities. Interpretation in Open Air Museums. Transcripts from the training seminar 24-26 June 998. Singleton:-0. Hawes,Edward L. 976/99: The Living Historical Farm in North America: New Directions in Research and Interpretation, in AHLFAM Annual 976, reprinted in Anderson 99:79 – 97. Hawes,Edward L.984: New directions in the agriculture and rural-life museums in the U.K., Museum (ICOM), No.43:38-45. Hawes.Edward L.–Koulouris,Helen D.992: After the Fall, Museum News, May-June:555,77-78.
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Hawes,Edward L.994: Icons, Museum Eyes, and Other Realities: Rural Life as Represented in National Museums in Germany, England, and Denmark, ALHFAM Proceedings:9-20. Hawes,Edward L. 2000: Central Europe’s Open Air Museums: Between Myths and Realities. ALHFAM Proceedings:29-34. Hazelius,Artur 873: Några anvisningar vid samlandet av folkdrägter och bohag mm. Skandinavisk Etnografisk Samling i hufvudstaden. Stockholm. Hazelius,Artur 900: Ur Nordiska museets historia. Nordiska museets tjugofemårsminne 18731898. Stockholm:-55. Hazelius,Artur (utg) 90: Sommarbilder från Skansen. Stockholm. Hazelius,Artur (utg) (no date): Bilder från Skansen. Skildringar af svensk natur och svenskt folklif. Stockholm. Hazelius,Gunnar 906:Om patriotism. Ord & Bild :49-54. Heckscher,Eli F. 937: Tre generationer. Johan August – Artur – Gunnar Hazelius. Ord och Bild::9- 27. Hegard,Tonte 984: Romantikk og fortidsvern. Oslo. Hegard,Tonte 994A: Hans Aall – mannen, visjonen og verket. Oslo (Norsk Folkemuseum). Hegard,Tonte 994B: Museet i parken. Bygdøy, Drømmen om Arkadia, Byminner nr 2/3:00-29. Heidrich, Hermann 2005: Freilichtmuseen im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft, Kommerzialisierung und Freizeitkultur, Tagungsberichte. Heikel,Axel O. 92: Friluftsmuseet på Fölisön. Finskt museum XIX:-9, 78-82. Hein,Hilde 990: the exploratorium. The Museum as Laboratory, Washington and London (Smithsonian Institution Press). Hellbom,Thorleif 99: Fred, vardagsliv och museistrid, Skansen under hundra år,99:39-78. Hellman,Bo 962: Museer, hembygdsrörelse och kulturminnesvård, i Västernorrland. Ett sekel 1862-1962. Härnösand:48-73. Hellman,Theodor 98: Föreningen för norrländsk hembygdsforskning. Dess uppkomst, arbete och uppgifter, Arkiv för norrländsk hembygdsforskning:3-5. Hesselgren, A. 897: Utställningen i Stockholm 1897. Beskrifning i ord och bild. Stockholm. Hillström,Magdalena 2006: Ansvaret för kulturarvet. Studier i det kulturhistoriska museets formering med särskild inriktning på Nordiska museets etablering 1872-1919. Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 363. Hirschfeld,Christian 990: Theorie der Gartenkunst. In Ausz. Vorgestellt, herausg. F. Ehmke. Stuttgart. hjemme best. Maihaugen Årbok 998. Hjerl Hansen,Finn 980: Hjerl Hede. Frednin-
gen og frilandsmuseet ved Flyndersø. København. Hoffman,Marta 980: On the History of the Norsk Folkemuseum. Tagungsberichte:9708. Hofren,E-Hvarfner,H-Rentzhog,SZachrisson,S. 970: 70-talets museum. Stockholm. Holm,Peter 927: ”Den gamle bys historie”, Købstadmuseet Den gamle by Årbog: 5-28. Holm,Peter 933: Den gamle by i Aarhus. Tidskrift för hembygdsvård: 96-0. Holm,Peter 95: ”Den gamle By” i Aarhus. Dens Grundlaeggelse og Udvikling fra Borgmestergaard til Købstadmuseum 1909-1945. Århus. Holm,Peter 972: Peter Holm 1873-1973. Købstadmuseet “Den Gamle By” Årbog. Holmgren,Ann Margret 928: Artur Hazelius, Nordiska museets skapare. Verdandis småskrifter nr 32. Stockholm. Holst, (Christian) 886: Fjerde beretning om Bygdø Kongsgaard. Christiania. Horton,James O. 2000: Controversies and Representations at Historic Sites Presenting Slavery; The Perils of Telling America’s Racial History. ALHFAM Proceedings:326. Hosar,Kåre 996: Hjemmet på museum. Hjeminredning på Maihaugen i et historisk perspektiv, in E.Johnsen, M.Bing, L.H.Boe (red.), Menneske og boligmiljø, KULTs skriftserie nr.69, Oslo. Hosmer,Charles B.Jr. 965: The Presence of the Past. A History of the Preservation Movement in the United States before Williamsburg. New York. Hosmer,Charles B.Jr. 98: Preservation Comes of Age. From Williamsburg to the National Trust,1926-1949. New York. Hudson,Kenneth 987: Museums of Influence. Cambridge University Press. Hughes,Robert 988: The Fatal Shore, New York (Knopf ) 986. Hurt,R.Douglas 980/99: Agricultural Museums: A New Frontier for the Social Sciences, in History Teacher 1980, reprinted in Anderson 99:63–68. Hvarfner, Harald 966: Norrbottens museum. Försöksmuseum, Luleå (stencil). Indáns,Juris 99: Lettland – das Freilichtmuseum und der Nationalismus, Tagungsberichte: 0-2 Indáns,Juris 997: Freilichtmuseum und Zeit/ The Open Air Museum and Time, Tagungsberichte: 50-63 Jacobsen,Gaute 2004:
[email protected] . Maihaugen Årbok:57-65. Jämten 986, red. Sten Rentzhog (Temaårgång om länsmuseets och hembygdsrörelsens historia i Jämtlands län). Östersund. Jamtli Historieland 1999. Kulturellt utvecklings-
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centrum. Turistiskt nyckelprojekt. Förslag från Jamtliutredningen. Östersund. Janisch,Peter, 995: Religion in Daily Life in the Open-Air Museum – The Example of the Hessenpark Open-Air Museum, Tagungsberichte:44-5. Järvelä-Hynunen,Raija 992: Seurasaari. The Open-Air Museum in Pictures. Vammala (The National Board of Antiquities). Jensen,Chr.Axel 972: Peter Holm som museumsmand og ven, Købstadmuseet “Den Gamle By” Årbog: 83-93. Jensen,Inger 2004: Friluftsmuseet – fortidsromantikk eller samtidsrealisme? Samtida inn i friluftsmuseet. Museum i friluft. By og Bygd XXXVIII: 56-75. Jensen,Niels Erik 200: Frilandsmuseets bygninger. Nyt fra Nationalmuseet, Nr 9:8-2. Jeppesen,Torben Grongaard 989: Funen Village Open-Air Museum, ALHFAM Proceedings:38-40. Johannisson,Bengt 2005: Entreprenörskapets väsen. Lund (Studentlitteratur). Jong,Adriaan de 988: Vom Traditioneller Leben zur Alltagsgeschichte,Tagungsberich te:20-25. Jong,Adraan de 989: The Netherlands OpenAir Museum. ICOM Express, Saturday, September 2, 989. Jong,Adriaan de 993: Presenting community life in open air museums: Exhibition or Performance? Tagungsberichte 993:6– 66. Jong,Adriaan de 995: The Open-air Museum as a Pilgrimage Site? Tagungsberichte:668. Jong,Adriaan de 996: Objects, Representation and the Message. New trends in open air museums. Contribution to the conference of Swedish Open Air Museums (stencil). Jong,Adriaan de 997A: You are lucky, the farmer has just returned! The role of the open air museum in interpreting life of individuals as opposed to the history of architecture,Tagungsberichte: 80-88. Jong,Adriaan de 997B: Approaches and Concepts. Museological, in Oliver, Paul (ed.): Vernacular Architecture of the World, Vol.. Cambridge University Press:49-52. Jong,Ad de 200A: De dirigenten van de herinnering. Musealisering en nationalisering van de volkscultuur in Nederland. Nijmegen. (German edition see de Jong 2006). Jong,Adriaan de 200B: Hazelius revisited? Survival of a 9th century idea in the 2st century, Tagungsberichte:69-72. Jong,Ad de 2006: Die Dirigenten der Erinnerung. Musealisierung und Nationalisierung der Volkskultur in den Niederlanden zwischen 1815 und 1940. Münster (Waxmann). Jong,Adrian de & Skougaard,Mette 992: Early open-air museums:traditions of museums about traditions, Museum (UNESCO) no.3: 5-57.
Jong,Adrian de & Skougaard,Mette 993: The Hindelopen and the Amager Rooms. Journal of the History of Collections 5, no.2: 65–78. Jontz,Polly 99: Balancing education and entertainment in U.S. open-air museums, Tagungsberichte: 28-32. Jørgensen,Karsten 2004: To hundre års internasjonal innflytelse på norsk landskapsarkitektur. Byggekunst, sept. 2004:35-43. Kamphausen,Alfred 975: Viele Dächer unter einem. Zur Geschichte des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Freilichtmuseums. Neumünster. Kamphausen,Alfred 989: Das SchleswigHolsteinische Freilichtmuseum. Neumünster. Karlin,Georg J:son 898: Museumssystem. Kulturhistoriska meddelanden 1897-98 häfte :3-6. Karlin,Georg J:son 908: Kulturhistoriska museet i Lund 1882-1907. Lund. Karlin,Georg J:son 924: Kulturhistoriska museets Östarp. Dess natur, historia och ändamål. Fästskrift vid invigningen den 2 aug. 1924. Lund. Karlin,Georg J:son932: Kulturhistorisk förening och museum i Lund 1882-1932. Malmö. Karlin,G. J:son 934: Mitt sista år på ”Kulturen”. Lund. Keim,Helmut 986: Freilichtmuseum des Bezirks Oberbayern an der Glentleiten– Museumsarbeit im Umbruch. Acta Scansenologica 4:07-5. Keim, Helmut 2005: Historische Kulturlandschaft als Museumsexponat, Tagungsberichte. Kelsey,Darwin P. (ed) 972: Farming in the New Nation. Interpreting American Agriculture 1790-1840. Washington (The Agricultural History Society). Kelsey,Darwin P. 975/99: Historical Farms as Models of the Past, ALHFAM Proceedings 975, reprinted in Anderson 99:73-78. Kelsey,Darwin P. 976/99: Harvests of History, Historic Preservation 28, 976, reprinted in Anderson 99:69–72. Kemp,John 990: World View And The Interpreter, ALHFAM Proceedings:68-72. Kempers,A.J.Bernet 973: Het begon in Bokrijk. Volkskunde LXXIV:20-208. Kempers,A.J.Bernet 983: Der Verband europäischer Freilichtmuseen und A.Zippelius. Rheinisch-westfälische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, Band XXVIII, Bonn und Münster:-20. Keyzer,Laurens de 200:The Open-Air Museum Bokrijk. Bruges (Ludion Guides). Kjaer,Birgitte 984: Et museum bliver til, Den gamle by Årbog: 9-32. Kjerström Sjölin,Eva 200: »…livet har således icke upphört, det fortgår…«, Kulturen:6477. Klein,Ernst 930: Nordiska museet – svenska
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folkets egendom. Ett femtioårsminne. Nordisk tidskrift:8-03 Klein,Janine 997: Vang stavkirke reiser til Berlin, in Skandinavien och Tyskland 1800-1914: 8-85, Berlin (Jovis Verlagsbüro/Nationalmuseum). Klem,Knud 972: Peter Holm og danske museer. Købstadmuseet ”Den Gamle By” Årbog: 73-82. Kley,Ron 976: Norlands: A Case Study of Small-Scale Funding for a Living History Operation, ALHFAM Proceedings:20-24. Klueting,Edeltraud (Hrsg.) 99: Antimodernismus und Reform. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Heimatbewegung. Darmstadt. Knudson,Douglas M – Cable,Ted T – Beck,Larry 999: Interpretation of Cultural and Natural Resources. State College, PA (Venture Publishing Inc). Koenig,Wilhelm, 898: Ein eigenartiges Museum für Natur- und Völkerkunde. Stockholm 898. (Särtryck ur Illustrierten Familien-Zeitschrift Universum, XIII Jahrgang, Heft 2. Leipzig 896,897). Kopper,Philip 986: Colonial Williamsburg. New York (Harry N.Abrams.Inc.). Kos, Anton 2002: Demonstration of Traditional Crafts in Open Air Museums: a Mean (or Way) to Pass on Knowledge, in Working Session of the Association of European Open Air Museums, Muzej “Staro Salo”, Kumrovec, Croatia, September 2002. Kufel,Tadeusz 999: Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego Park Etnografisczny/Freilichtmuseum Ethnografischer Park in Olsztynek. Olsztynek. Kulik,Gary 989: Designing the Past: HistoryMuseum Exhibitions from Peale to the Present, in Leon- Rosenzweig 989:3-37. Kulturen runt. Lund 977. Kuplais,Martins 997: Estland, Lettland, Lita uen,Tagungsberichte:38-48. Laenen,Mark 974: Über einige Aspekte der edukativen Arbeit im Flämischen Freilichtmuseum Bokrijk, Tagungsberichte:49-52. Laenen,Mark 976: Einige grundsätzliche Bemerkungen zu den edukativen Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der Freilichtmuseen, Tagungsberichte:84-92. Laenen,Mark 982: Open Air Museums and Society, Tagungsberichte:45-5. Laenen,Mark 989: Provincial Open-Air Museum Bokrijk. Guide. Brussels. Laenen,Mark 99: Open-air museums and architecture, Tagungsberichte: 33-5. Lagercrantz,Bo 99: Nordiska museet, Skansen och hembygdsrörelsen, Skansen under hundra år: 77-96. Lang,Merike 995: Estnisches Freilichtmuseum als eine Wiederspiegelung der Geschichte und der volkstümlichen Baukunst Estlands. Acta Scansenologica 7:27-43. Lang,Merike (no date): The Estonian Open-Air Museum, Tallin.
Langer,Jiří 986: Działnośc´ muzeum na wolnym powietrzu w Rožnovie pod Radhoštem. Acta Scansenologica 4:53-70. Langer,Jîrí 2005: Evropská muzea v přírodě. Baset (Atlas Primátek). Larkin,Jack 996: A Great Picture of Society,in Mc Callum 996: 9-. Larkin,Jack-Ashton,Mark 996: Celebrating 50 years of History. Old Sturbridge Visitor, Spring 996:4- 6; Summer 996:6-7. Larkin,Jack-Sloat,Caroline 983: The Four Seasons at Old Sturbridge Village, A Guidebook. Old Sturbridge. Laszlo,Maggie, 984: The Village of Villages. European Museum of the Year Award 1984. Zuiderzeemuseum. LeBreton,Clarence, 2003: Yesterday in Acadia. Scenes from the Village Historique Acadien. Quebéc (Les Éditions Faye). Ledin,Gunnel 994: Erik Fundin 1843-1932, skapare av Härjedalens Fornminnesförening. Funäsdalen. Leduc,Norbert 983: Zur Geschichte des Rheinischen Freilichtmuseums, in 25 Jahre Rheinisches Freilichtmuseum Kommern, Köln 983:2-24. Leinhardt,Gaea-Crowley,Kevin– Knutson,Karen 2002: Learning Conversations in Museums. London & New Jersey (Laurence Erlbaum). Leon,Warren–Piatt,Margaret 989: LivingHistory Museums, in Leon-Rosenzweig: History Museums in the United States: 6497. Leon,Warren-Rosenzweig,Roy (ed) 989: History Museums in the United States: A Critical Assessment. Urbana (University of Illinois Press). Leone,Mark 98/99: The Relationships Between Artifacts and the Public in Outdoor History Museums, New York Academy of Science Annals:30-33, reprinted in Anderson 99:75-83. Leslie,Kim 990: Weald & Downland Open Air Museum. The Founding Years 1965-1970. Weald & Downland, Singleton. Lewis,Peter 996: Oblandat tvivel och inre glädje.Museet som makt och motstånd. Festskrift till Erik Hofrén, Norrköping:33-40. Lewis,Peter 997: The sense of the past. Going too far or not far enough? Tagungsberichte:46-59 Lewis,Peter 200: What did Confucius know of dinosaurs? Tagungsberichte: 266-268. Lignell,Carl 94: Fornvallen Jamtli. En kort historia om dess tvååriga tillvaro, Jämten:3767. Lindberg,Ernst Folke 957: Gunnar Hazelius och Nordiska museets installationsfråga, Rig :65-5 (Eng. summary). Lindblom,Andreas 930: Tal vid Nordiska museets 50-årsjubileum, Fataburen:60-67. Lindblom,Andreas (utg) 933: En bok om Skansen, till hundraårsminnet av Artur Hazelius födelse. Stockholm.
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Lindblom,Andreas 934: Hazeliusjubileet, Fataburen:7-27. Lindblom,Andreas 949: Nordiska museet 75 år, Fataburen:7-8. Lindblom,Andreas 952: De gyllene åren. Stockholm. Lindblom,Andreas 954: Utsikt från Skansen. Stockholm. Linder,Gurli 898: Nordiska museet 25 år, Idun 28.0.898 (omtryckt i Nordiska museets tjugofemårsminne 1873-1898, Stockholm 900:33-37). Linder,Gurli 98: Sällskapsliv i Stockholm under 1880- och 1890-talen. Stockholm. Lindqvist,Gunnar 97: Hembygdsrörelsen i Jönköpings län, Småländska kulturbilder :20-33. Lindström,Märta 982: Konstindustrianstalten och lotteriet. Kulturen:49-62 Linsley,Stafford M. 2000: Industrial archaeology in the North East of England,852900, Perspectives on Industrial Archeology, ed. N.Cossons, London 2000 (Science Museum):5- 38. Living History. Open Air Museum for the North of England. Barnard Castle (968). Longsworth,Charles R.98: Communicating the Past to the Present. Report on The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 1980 and 1981. Williamsburg. Lovric,Branka Sprem 2003: Craft demonstrations in Open Air Museums: Fiction Versus Authenticity, Tagungsberichte:56-64. Lowenthal,David 966/99: The American Way of History, Columbia University Forum 9, No. 3:27- 32; reprinted In Anderson 99:57-62. Lowenthal,David 985: The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge University Press. Lowenthal,David 990: The Dying Future – The Living past? ALHFAM Proceedings:3. Lundström,Catarina, 2005A: Fruars makt och omakt. Kön, klass och kulturarv 1900-1940. Umeå. Lundström,Catarina, 2005 B: Den hemvävda historien. Kulturarv och Historiebruk. Fornvårdaren 28. Östersund:0-5. MacDonald,George F.& Alsford,Stephen 989: A museum for the global village. Hull. Maclean,Terry 998: The Making of Public History: A Comparative Study of Skansen, Colonial Williamsburg..and the Fortress of Louisburg, Material History Review 47 (Spring 998):2-32. Maihaugen 2004: Maihaugen 00 år – evig ung. Maihaugen Årbok 2004. Maincheva,Anna 992: Almighty time. Museum (UNESCO) No.75. Maráky,Peter 990: Die Mitwirkendertypen und ihre Kulturaktivitäten in den regionalen Freilichtmuseen in der Slowakei, Tagungsberichte :94-99.
Maráky,Peter (ed.) 994: Open Air Museums in Slovakia. Bratislava. Marciniak,Maria Jolanta 986: Zieleń w Parku Etnograficznym Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku – metody, badań, upraw, ochrony/Greenery in the Ethnographical Park of the Museum of F Folk Building in Sanok. Acta Scansenologica 4 :20-22. Marschall,Birgit 99: Reisen und Regieren. Die Nordlandfahrten Kaiser Wilhelms II. Heidelberg. Martinussen,Atle Ove 2004: Vidareføring av handlingsboren kunnskap. Maihaugen Årbok 2004:9- 99. Mastromarino,Mark A.989:Interpreting Early American Agricultural Fairs, ALHFAM Proceedings:90- 95. Matelic,Candace T.980: Through the Historical Looking Glass. Museum News March/ April:35-45. Matelic,Candace T.988: American open-air museums. Types, work methods and tourism, Tagungsberichte: 79-82. Matelic,Candace T.99: Overview of the openair museum idea in America – summary of developmental trends and current issues, Tagungsberichte:22-24. Mathisen,Kjell Marius 2004: Å bygge en by – Byen og Boligfeltet på Maihaugen. Maihaugen Årbok ¨ 2004:3-55. Mattsson,Anders 970: Minnen. Jämten :732. Maure,Marc 994: GHR – Georges Henri Rivière og folkemuseets genesis i Frankrike, Nordisk museologi 2:2-3. Maure,Marc 995: Dukker, gjenferd og skuespillere – Bondekulturen iscenesatt av Artur Hazelius, Bernard Olsen og Anders Sandvig. Dugnad:: 57-9. Maure,Marc 2004: Bønder, ånder, dukker og skuespillere i de første folkemuseene, Nordisk museologi::59-84. McCallum,Kent 996: Old Sturbridge Village. New York. Medelius,Hans 998A: Installationen, Nordiska museet under 125 år. Stockholm:26-53. Medelius,Hans 998B: Nya satsningar och framgångar. Nordiska museet under 125 år. Stockholm:32-343. Meiners,Uwe (Hrsg) 997: 75 Jahre Heimatmuseum-Museumsdorf-Niedersächsiches Freilichtmuseum in Cloppenburg. Cloppenburg. Meiners,Uwe 2005: „Der Spinne im Netz“. Das Freilichtmuseum als Partner regionaler Baudenkmal- und Kulturlandschaftspflege. Tagungsberichte. Meyer,Niels 2005: To preserve heritage by keeping up good trade and craftsmanship, Tagungsberichte 2005. Michelsen,Peter 964: Nordamerikanske friluftsmuseer, Budsticken :27-50. Michelsen Peter 966: Afgraensningen fremefter i tid for museernas virksomhet. Friluftsmuse-
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ernas ställning i dagens samhälle. Symposium på Skansen 7-8 maj 966 (stencil). Michelsen,Peter 972: Museerna og samtiden. København (Nationalmuseet). Michelsen,Peter 973: Frilandsmuseet ved Sorgenfri. Museets historie og gamle huse. Nationalmuseet (ny uppl. 984, tredje uppl.985). English edition 973: Frilandsmuseet.The Danish Museum Village at Sorgenfri. The National Museum of Denmark. Michelsen,Peter 974: Einige allgemeine Bemerkungen über die edukativen Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der Freilichtmusee n,Tagungsberichte :23 Michelsen,Peter 976: Vi en gård jer bygget har. Frilandsmuseet ved Sorgenfri 1901-1976. København (Nationalmuseet). Michelsen,Peter 990: Fortid på Friland. Hvordan et frilandsmuseum bliver til. København (Frilandsmuseets venner og Greens forlag). Midura,Franciszek 98: Skansen Museology in Poland, in Czajkowski 98:32-55. Millrath,Sigrid 993: Tror fröken det klarnar? Sigrid Millraths minnen från Oscar II:s tid och Artur Hazelius Skansen. Stockholm (Nordiska museet). Mork,Paul 998: Museer i Australia – ved fem av dem. Museumsnytt 6: 6-7. Mowat,Philip 2005: Retracing the Footsteps of Emigrants. Recreating the movement and settlement of Ulster immigrants in America in an open air museum in Northern Ireland, Tagungsberichte. Morris,Jane 2005: Nederlands Openluchtmuseum. A breath of fresh air. Museum Practice 25, Winter 2005:24-29. Moscardo,Gianna–Pearce,Philip L. 986: Historic Theme Parks. An Australian Experience in Authenticity, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.3:467-479. Müller,Sophus 897: Museum og interiør, Tillskueren, september 897:683-700. Murray,William G.97: The Martin Flynn Farm. From Public Land in 845 to Living History Farms in 970. Annals of Iowa, Vol.40, No.7. Des Moines. Murray,William G.975: Financing the Living History Farms: A Personal Account, ALHFAM Proceedings. Murray,William G.98: Making Friends for Making Funds. ALHFAM Proceedings:5963. Murray,William G.983: The origin of “Living History” idea. The Almanac Souvenir Edition. Living History Farms. Murray,William G.987: Walking Through Farm History – an Update, ALHFAM Proceedings:9-9. Muzeul satului si de arta populara romania/ Village and folk art museum romania. Muzeul Satului 1936- 1986. Bucuresti 986. Mygind,Finn 2005: Historien om Hjerl Hedes Frilandsmuseum. Hjerl Hede.
Mystic Seaport. The First Fifty Years. Mystic, Conn. 980. Näse,Li (red.)990: Ur Sagalunds gömmor, Folkloristiska institutionen vid Åbo akademi småskrifter . Åbo. Näse,Li (red.)2000: Sagalund, Min kostbara leksak. Kimito (Sagalunds museum). Nicolaysen,Nicolay 885: Gols kirke paa Bygdø. Gols gamle stavkirke og Hovestuen paa Bygdø Kongsgaard. Christiania. Nielsen,Yngvar 885: Hovestuen og Berdalstaburet paa Bygdø. Illustrationer til Hovestuen og Berdalstaburet paa Bygdø Kongsgaard. Christiania. Noble,Ross, 998: Storytellers and museum interpretation. Interpretation in Open Air Museums. Transcripts from the training seminar 24-26 June 998:3-36. Verband Europaischer Fr Freilichtmuseen. Singleton. Noble,Ross 200:We need to save more than buildings. Tagungsberichte :05-09. Nordby,E.J. 980: Vesterheim Outdoor Museum, Tagungsberichte :58-59. Nordenson,Eva 99: Skansen during 00 years, Tagungsberichte: 50-55. Nyrop-Christensen,Henrik 984: Peter Holm og hans museum. Den gamle by Årbog :3368. Nyström,Bengt 998: Att göra det förflutna levande, Nordiska museet under 125 år, Stockholm :52-87. NYT fra Nationalmuseet nr.9, juni-juli-augusti 200 (Temanummer om Frilandsmuseet 00 år). Ohlsson,Karin 997: Fredriksdalsminnen. Kring Kärnan :65-80. Olmert,Michael 998: Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg. New Edition. Williamsburg. Olsen,Bernhard 885: Dansk Folkemuseum. Illustreret Tidende 884-85:573-578. Olsen,Bernard 897A: De gamle Huse i Kongens Have: Vejviser i Bygningsmuseet . København. Olsen,Bernard 897B: Friluftsmuseer, Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon. Köbenhavn. Ottenjann,Heinrich 956: Das Museumsdorf in Cloppenburg. Zeitschrift für Heimat und Kultur, H.:3- 0. Ottenjann,Helmut 990: Everyday History in the Open-air Museum, Tagungsberichte :53-59. Pall,Istvan 980: Open Air Museum in Sóstó. Acta Scansenologica :7-28. Palm,Per-Olof 99: Alarik Behm och Carl Fries – zoologer på Skansen. Skansen under hundra år. Höganäs (Bra Böcker): 5-38. Passarge,L. 897: Das Nordische Museum und Skansen. Stockholm (Sonderdruck aus Passarge: Schweden, Fahrten in Schweden besonders in Nordschweden und Lappland, Berlin 897).
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Pattersson,John 986/99: Connor Prairie Refocuses Its Interpretive Message to Include Controversial Subjects, History News, March 986:2-5, reprinted in Anderson 99:58. Pedersen,Ragnar 2003: Noen trekk av museenes historie i Norge frem til tidlig 900-tall, in Amundsen, A.B. et al, Museer i fortid og nåtid. Oslo (Novus Forlag) 2003:25-45. Pedersen,Ragnar 2004: Anders Sandvigs museumssyn –verdier og idéer. Maihaugen Årbok: -3. Percy,David O. 98: Living Historical Farms: The Working Museums. Accoceek Foundation. Perkins,Martin C. 99: Old World Wisconsin: Preserving a state’s ethnic architectural traditions, Tagungsberichte: 78-85. Permilovskaya, Anna 2002: Traditions in Carpentry in the Russian North and their Realization in the Open Air Museum, in Working Session of the Association of European Open Air Museums, Muzej “Staro Salo”, Kumrovec, Croatia, September 2002:4358. Perrin,Richard W.E. 975: Outdoor Museums. Milwakuee. Pesch,Dieter 983: Einführung, 25 Jahre Rheinisches Frelichtmuseum Kommen, Köln: 8-. Pessireron,Sylva 2003: Molukkers in Nederland. ‘Wij kwamen hier op dienstbevel…’ , Arnhem (Nederlands Openluchtmuseum). Petersson,Bodil 2003: Föreställningar om det förflutna. Arkeologi och rekonstruktion. Lund (Nordic Academic Press). Phillips,Charles 983: Greenfield’s Changing Past, History News: 9-4. Pöttler,Viktor Herbert 970: Führer durch das Österreichisches Freilichtmuseum. Stübing bei Graz. Pöttler,Viktor Herbert 99: Geschichte und Realisierung der Idee des Freilichtmuseums in Österreich. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, Band XLV/94: 85-25. Wien. Powell,Bob 993: The “Traditional” Rural Image – Are We Correct in Making Time Stand Still Tagungsberichte: 56-57. Pudor,Dr.H.90: Nordische Freiluft-Museen. Deutsche Stimmen. Halbmonatschrift für vaterländische Politik und Volkswirtschaft: 589-592. Pudor,Heinrich 90: Museumsschulen. Museumskunde: 248-253. Pudor, Heinrich 93: Heimbaukunst. Wittenberg (U.Zimsen Verlag). Puijenbroek,Frans J.M.van, 988: Relationen von klassischen Aufgaben und edukativen Aspekten, Tagungsberichte: 4-9. Puktörne,Tommy 986: Program för projektering av Gådeå sjukhus till länsmuseum. Härnösand 985-86 (stencil). Rasmussen,Holger 966: The Origin and Development of the Danish Folk Museum,
Dansk Folkemuseum & Frilandsmuseet: 7-36. København (Nationalmuseet). Rasmussen,Holger 979: Bernhard Olsen Virke og Vaerker. København (Nationalmuseet). Rasmussen,Holger 982: Georg Karlin och Bernard Olsen, Kulturen: 36-48. Rasmussen,Holger 993: Hvorfor opstod Folkemuseet, Nordisk museologi: 2:28-38. Rasmussen,Holger 997: „Jeg har i Dag købt 12 Tønder Land“. Museumsmageren Bernard Olsen. København (Nationalmuseet). Rehnberg,Mats 943: Den 6 juni – ett halvsekelminne. Ord & Bild: 269-277 Rehnberg,Mats 957: The Nordiska Museet and Skansen. An introduction to the history and activities of a famous Swedish museum. Stockholm. Reid,Debra 99: “Watch Your Step!” The cultural landscape in open-air museums and historic sites in North America, Tagungsberichte: 29-226. Reid,Debra 992: Responding to the Times: Open-Air Museums and Modern Mandates of Inclusion and Relevance, ALHFAM Proceedings: 93-200. Reid,Debra 994: Preserving the Twentieth Century in Open-Air Museums, ALHFAM Proceedings: 40-43. Reid,Debra A. 997: Research and Living History: Facing the Challenges, ALHFAM Proceedings. Reid,Debra A. 2000: Living History – Social History or Post-Modernism: Toward a Historiography of Open-Air Museum Interpretation in the United States. ALHFAM Proceedings: 35-40. Reid,Debra A. 200: Material Culture and Living History, ALHFAM Proceedings. Reid,Debra A. 2003: Helping Interpreters Tell the Tale: Suggested Readings on Interpretation, Material Culture, and Rural History. ALHFAM Bulletin 33:30-36. Rentzhog,Sten 973: Ett nytt Jamtli. Jämten: 93-98. Rentzhog,Sten 977: Den svenska hembygdsrörelsen, Bygd och natur årsbok: 9-8. Rentzhog,Sten 200A: Survival - a matter of change. Tagungsberichte: 73-78. Rentzhog,Sten 200B: Children and Open Air Museums. Tagungsberichte: 24-28. Rentzhog,Sten 2002: Jamtli, i Med tro på framtiden. Östersunds-Posten 125 år. Östersund: 3-36. Rentzhog,Sten 2005: Samtiden – en ny uppgift för friluftsmuseerna, Laboratorium för folk och kultur 4:9-22. Åbo. Rentzhog,Sten 2006: Forskning och museer. En debattskrift om museernas behov av kunskap och forskningens behov av museer. Stockholm (Nordiska museets förlag). Ring,Herman A. 893: Skansen och Nordiska museets anläggningar å Djurgården. Stockholm. Ring,Herman A. 897: Skansen Friluftsmuseet å K. Djurgården. Stockholm.
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Rivière,Georges-Henri 936/994: Les musées de folklore à l’etranger et le futur Musée français des arts et traditions populaires, Revue de folklore français et de folklore colonial, no.3, mai-juni 936; Folkemuseene i utlandet og det fremtidige ‘Musée français des arts et traditions populaires’, Nordisk museologi 994:2:7-20. Robertshaw,Andrew 992: “From Houses into Homes”. One Approach to Live Interpretation, Social History in Museums, Vol.9. Robertshaw,Andy 997: “A Dry Shell of the Past”. Living History and the interpretation of historic houses. Historic Houses, July 997, vol.2, No 3:7-20. Robinson,Philip 995: Problems of representing Urban Life in Open-Air Museums, Tagungsberichte 995:45-6. Robinson,Philip 200: From “Ulster Folk” Museum to the “Living” museum, Tagungsberichte:0-3. Rockefeller,John D. 937: The Genesis of the Williamsburg Restoration, The National Geographic Magazine, April: 40. Roede,Lars 2003: Diachronic Interpretation: A Tenement-house in the Open Air Museum. Tagungsberichte: 8-87. Roede,Lars 2003: Kopi og original – flytting og autencitet, i Amundsen, A.B. m.fl, Museer i nåtid og fortid: 7-4, Oslo (Novus Forlag). Rosenthal,Ellen & Blankman-Hetrick,Jane 2002: Conversations Across Time: Family Learning in a Living History Museum, in G.Leinhard,K.Crowley&K.Knutsen (ed.), Learning Conversations in Museum, Mahwah, New Jersey (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates):305-329. Rosander,Göran 967: Herrarbete. Dalfolkets säsongvisa arbetsvandringar. Uppsala. Roth,Martin 990: Heimatmuseen. Zur Geschichte einer deutschen Institution. Berlin (Gebr. Mann Verlag). Rumar,Lars 985: Lillhärdalsgårdens historia. HUR nr :5-34. Rumar,Lars 986: I fosterländsk och konstnärlig riktning, Jämten: 66-88. Salin,Bernhard 909: Artur Immanuel Hazelius, Nordisk Familjebok. Salwa,Wojciech, 98: New Tasks of Skansen Museology, in Czajkowski, J. (ed.): OpenAir Museums in Poland: 56-69. Sanok. Samzelius,Hugo 893: Skansen. Nordiska museets friluftsannex på kongl. Djurgården. Nornan, Svensk kalender för 1893: 54-83. Sandberg,Mark B. 2003: Living Pictures Missing Persons. Mannequins, Museums and Modernity. Princeton University Press. Sandström,Erika 2005: På den tiden, i dessa dagar. Föreställningar om och bruk av historia under Medeltidsveckan på Gotland och Jamtli Historieland. Östersund (Jamtli Förlag). Sandström,Josef 90: Ornässtugan och dess inventarier. Fataburen:23-220.
Sandvig,Anders 907: De Sandvigske Samlinger i tekst og billeder. Et bidrag til Gudbrandsdalens kulturhistorie. Lillehammer. Sandvig,Anders 928: De Sandvigske samlinger. Fra aettegården til husmannsplassen. Oslo. Sandvig,Anders 947: I arbeid og fest. Oslo. Sandvig,Anders 943/200: I praksis og på samlerferd. 943. Tredje upplagan = Maihaugen Årbok 2001. Schlebecker,John T.967: The Past in Action. Living Historical Farms. Washington D.C. (Smithsonian Institution). Schlebecher, John T.968: Living Historical Farms: A Walk Into the Past. Washington D.C. (Smithsonian Institution). Schlebecker,John T.–Peterson,Gale E. 972: Living Historical Farms Handbook. Washington D.C.(Smithsonian Institution Press). Schlereth,Thomas J. 98/99: It Wasn’t That Simple, in Museum News January-Februry 98, reprinted in Anderson 99:63-69. Schöfmann,Stefanie 2002: Was wächst denn da? Historische Kulturlandschaft im Freilichtmuseum Glentleiten. Grossweil. Schubert,Ottmar 975: Das Konzept des Frelichtmuseums des Bezirks Oberbayern an der Glentleiten. Freundesblätter 2. Grossweil. Schulze- Schmidt,B. 890: Bleistift-Skizzen. Erinnerungen an die Pariser Weltausstellung von 1889. Bremen. Selling,Gösta 972: Peter Holm og de nordiske museer. Købstadmuseet ”Den Gamle By” Årbog: 62-72. Sewan,Olga G. 995: Plany generalne i poszzególnych sektorów muzeów na wolnym powietrzu rejonów archangielskiego i wologodskiego - The methods of designing and arranging open air museums in the Russian North. Acta Scansenologica 7: 66-90 Sieraczkiewicz,Jan–Święch,Jan 999: Skanseny. The Open Air Museums of Poland. Olszanica. Simmonds,William Adams 938: Henry Ford and Greenfield Village. New York. Sjöberg-Pietarinen,Solveig 978: Nils Oskar Jansson och Sagalund. Budkavlen 977978:70-87. Sjöberg-Pietarinen,Solveig 993: Nils Oskar Jansson och Sagalund. Sagalund. Museiguide. Sjöberg-Pietarinen,Solveig 2004: Museer ger mening. Friluftsmuseerna Klosterbacken och Amuri som representationer. Åbo. Skansen under hundra år, 99. Höganäs (Bra böcker). Skougaard,Mette 99: Gardens and landscapes at the open-air museum in Lyngby, Tagungsberichte: 208-20. Skougaard,Mette 995: The Ostenfeld Farm at the Open-air Museum: Aspects of the Role of Folk Museums in Conflicts of National Heritage, Nordisk museologi, 2:23-32. Skramstad,Harold 2004: An Agenda for Museums in the Twenty-first Century,
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in G.Anderson (ed.): Reinventing the Museum:8-32, Walnut Creek (Altamira). Skramstad.Harold and Susan 2005: Dreaming the Museum. Museum News March/ April:52-55. Slettan,Dagfinn 986: Den lokalhistoriske bevegelsen i Trøndelag. Heimen 2:50-66. Smithers,Helen 2005:Sovereign Hill, Ballarat Australia. Ballarat. Snow,Stephen Eddy 993: Performing the Pilgrims. University Press of Mississippi. Søgaard,Helge 972: Peter Holm og “Den Gamle By”. Købstadmuseet “Den Gamle By”. Årbog 972:99-2. Sonnenschein,Helmut 984: Das Westfälische Freilichtmuseum Technischer Kulturdenkmale in Hagen. Tagungsberichte: 62-64. Sonnenschein,F.H.–Kleinert,Chr. 984: 1000 Jahre Technik- und Handwerksgeschichte. Das Westfälische Freilichtmuseum Technischer Kulturdenkmale. Hagen. Sörlin,Sverker 998: Artur Hazelius och det nationella arvet. Nordiska museet under 125 år: 6-39 Stockholm. Stanikūnas,Vytautas 200: Lietuvos Kaimo Muziejus – The Lithuanian Open Air Museum. Vilnius. Steinmann,Ulrich 964: Die Entwicklung des Museums für Volskskunde von 889 bis 964. 75 Jahre Museum für Volkskunde. Festschrift. Berlin. Stenseth,Bodil 993: En norsk elite. Nasjonsbyggerne på Lysaker 1890-1940. Oslo (Aschehoug). Sternschulte,Agnes 996: Felder und Wälder, Gärten und Tiere, in Baumeier-Carstensen 996: 75-92. Stika,Jaroslav 976: Einige Erfahrungen bei der pädagogischen Arbeit im Valasské Muzeum in Rožnov, Tagungsberichte: 03-06. Stika,Jaroslav 982: Das Freilichtmuseum als Zentrum des Kulturellen und Gesellschaftlichen Lebens, Tagungsberichte: 5-53. Stika,Jaroslav 985:Valasské muzeum v príode Rožnov pod Radhoštěm. Neprodejné. Stika,Jaroslav 986: Freilichtmuseum und der regionale Patriotismus,Tagungsberichte:124128. Stika,Jaroslav 990A: Das Streben nach der Identität im Freilichtmuseum, Tagungsberichte: 4-46. Stika,Jaroslav 990B: Platz und Möglichkeiten der Folklore und der Volksbräuche im Freilichtmuseum, Tagungsberichte: 2-4. Stjernström,Gust. 95: Skansen, friluftsmuseum, friluftsskola, friluftsteater. Fysisk fostran 95 :29-23. Stoica,Georgeta–Godea,Ioan 993: Muzeul Satului Bucureşti. Bucureşti. Stoklund,Bjarne 993: International Exhibitions and the New Museum Concept in the Latter Half of the Nineteenth Century, Ethnologia Scandinavica, 23:87-3. Stoklund,Bjarne 200: Idén om ett friluftsmuseum, Kulturen: 0-27.
Stridsberg,Laura 97: Ur Skansens krönika. Några erinringar vid dess första kvartssekel. Ord & Bild: 2:65-80. Stridsberg,Laura 933: Artur Hazelius i sin brevväxling. Minnesbladet: 6-9, 9. (Nordiska museet). Sugimoto,Hisatsugo 980: Open Air Museum of Old Japanese Farm Houses in Toyonaka City. Acta Scansenologica :33-46. Sundin,Bo 986: Folkrörelser och kulturliv, Östersunds historia III: 25-228. Östersund. Svensson,Sigfrid 972: Under krisår och krigsår, Fataburen: 57-74. Svensson,Sigfrid 982: Georg J:son Karlin, Det stora äventyret. Efterskrift. Kulturen: 34-35. Tagungsberichte = Verband europäischer Freilichtmuseen/Association of European Open Air Museums, Conference Reports 1966/1972 – 2005. Most German articles have English summaries. The Williamsburg Restoration 93: Published by the Williamsburg Holding Corporation MCMXXXI, Williamsburg. Theobald,Mary Miley 200: Colonial Williamsburg. The First 75 Years. Williamsburg. Thode-Aurora,Hilke 989: Für fünzig Pfennig im die Welt – Die Hagenbeckschen Völkerschauen. Frankfurt/New York. Thome,David & Mary Jo 2003: Old World Wisconsin. America’s Heartland: A Guide to Our Past. Eagle. Thompson,George B. 986: Some Considerations Concerning the Significance and Status of Open Air Museums in Present-day Society, Acta Scansenologica 4 :49-64. Tichinov, V.V. 2003: Analiz metodiceskoj bazy muzeev pod otkrytym nebom Rossii. Irkutsk. Tilden,Freeman 957/987: Interpreting Our Heritage. Third Edition, Thirteenth printing. Chapel Hill 987 (University of North Carolina Press). Toffler,Alvin, 970: Future Shock. New York. Tolstrup,Inger 200: Frilandsmuseet – før, nu og i fremtiden, NYT fra Nationalmuseet nr. 9. Tompkins,Toby 992: Small beer, large pigs and the Anglo-Dutch War of 627, Museum (UNESCO), No.75, Vol.XLVI, No.3: 5864. Tramposch,William J.983: Standing between the Past and the Present. Colonial Williamsburg Today: 2-6. Trettiotalets Skansen, 939. Utveckling och omdaning under decenniet 1929-1939. Stockholm. Trifonova,L.V.–Keim,Helmut 996: Freilichtmuseum Kizhi. Grossweil. Trinder,Barrie 984: A Philosophy for the Industrial Open-Air Museum,Tagungsberichte: 87-95. Trinder,Barrie 2000: Industrial archaeology: the twentieth-century context. Perspectives
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on Industrial Archeology, ed. N.Cossons:3956. London (Science Museum). Tschudi-Madsen,Stephan 993: På Nordmanns Vis. Norsk Folkemuseum gjennom 100 år. Oslo. Tunander,Ingemar 99: Andreas Lindblom, Skansen och kriget, Skansen under hundra år: 97-4. Höganäs. Uldal,Kai 956: Frilandsmuseets metoder. Museumsmøte i Gamle Bergen 1.-3. september 1956:30-40. Uldall,Kai 957: Open Air Museums, Museum X:68-96. Ungureanu,Nicolae 98: Village and Folk Art Museum. Bucharest. Unser Egerland, 3, 909 :98-00: Das Deutsche Dorf, ein volkstümliches Freilichtmuseum im Grunewald bei Berlin. Upward,Geoffrey C.979: A Home for Our Heritage. The Building and Growth of Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum, 19291979. Dearborn. Valen-Sendstad,Fartein 95: De Sandvigske samlinger. Lillehammer. Vaessen,Jan, 989: Opening and closing: On the dialectics of the museum, in Generators and Culture, Amsterdam (AHA Books). Vaessen,Jan, 2003: A Moluccan Barrack. Coping with post-colonial history. Tagungsberichte 2003:43- 58. Valentine,Nina 980: First Act. Sovereign Hill – and how it all began. Ballarat. Vallin,Hervid 964: Botaniska trädgården inom Fredriksdals friluftsmuseum. Hälsingborg. Veveris,Ervins - Kuplais,Martins 989: Latvijas Etnogrāfiskajā brīvdabas muzejā/In the Latvian Ethnographic Open-Air Museum. Riga. Vilkuna, Janne, 2005: Friluftsmuseerna i det finländska museilandskapet. Laboratorium för folk och kultur. Bulletin 4:3-8. Åbo. – Also in English: Open-Air Museums in the Finnish Museum Environment, Tagungsberichte 2005. Vold Halvorsen,Kari Bjørg 2004: Friluftsmuseets formidling av samfunnets forteljingar. Behovet av ein overordna ideplan. Museum i friluft. By og Bygd XXXVIII:98-09. Vourax,Myron 976: The Conner Prairie Concept. ALFHAM Proceedings: 5-6. Wagemakers,Tom 200: The Memory Machine. Tagungsberichte: 60-64. Wakefield,Darcy 2006: “No Flies on Bill”. The Story of an Uncontrollable Old Woman, My Grandmother, Ethel “Billie” Gammon. Orono (The Maine Folklife Center). Waldén, Bertil 935: Ett planerat “Kultureservat” i Örebro, Svenska museer: 57-62. Wallace,Michael 98/99: Visiting the Past. History Museums in the United States, Radical History Review 25, 98, reprinted in Anderson 99:84-99.
Wallace,Mike 996: Mickey Mouse History and other essays on American History. Philadephia (Temple University Press). Walt Disney World, The First Decade. 982. Walt Disney Productions. Watts,Stephen 997:The Magic Kingdom. Walt Disney and the American Way of Life. Boston/ New York (Houghton Mifflin Company). Watts,Stephen, 2005: The People’s Tycoon. Henry Ford and the American Century. New York (Alfred A. Knopf ). Weeda,Arnout, 998: Meaningful learning in an open air museum. Interpretation in Open Air Museums. Transcripts from the Training Seminar held at The Weald & Downland Open Air Museum June 998:3-22. Weilert,Bengt & Rentzhog,Sten 998: Jamtli Historieland – Jamtli History Land. Östersund. Welsch,Roger L. 974/99: Very Didactic Simulation. Workshops in the Plains. History Teacher, 7, no. 3 (May 974): 356-364, reprinted in Anderson 99:38-42. West,Bob 990: The making of the English working past: a critical view of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum. The museum time machine, ed. R.Lumley, London&New York (Routledge):36-62. West,Carroll Van 989: Greenfield Village. A Landscape for the Present, the Past…and of Mr Ford. The International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship, no. 8: 263-277. Weyns,Jozef 958: Bokrijk: The first open-air museum in Belgium, Museum XI:8-22. Weyns,Dr.Jozef 96: Bokrijk, Tuin van de Vlaamse Volkskultuur. Heideland-Hasselt. Weyns,Jozef 967: Omstandige Gids van het Openluchtmuseum te Bokrijk, 2 uitgave. Bokrijk. Weyns,Dr.J. 973A: Bokrijk, Het eerste openluchtmuseum van het land (d.i.België), Volkskunde LXXIV: 209-232. Weyns,Dr.J. 973 B: Het vlaamse openluchtmuseum na 20 jaar.Volkskunde LXXIV:233235. Weyns,J. 973C: A short Guide to the Open Air Museum in the Domain Bokrijk, 3th Edition, Bokrijk. Widén,Ellen 92: Kortfattad berättelse öfver Föreningen Jämtslöjds arbete. Östersund. Widén,Ellen 95: Varför böra länets invånare stödja Jämtslöjdslotteriet. Bilaga till Jämten. Widén,Ellen 923: Forntidsvård – framtidsvård. Jämten:3-5. Wildhaber,Robert 959: Der derzeitige Stand der Freilichtmuseen in Europa und in USA, Bayrisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde: 47-59. Wildhaber,Robert 970: Das bulgarische Freilichtmuseum in Etera. Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde, Heft 3-4:22-24. Williams-Davies,John 998: Staff as Interpreters. . Interpretation in Open Air Museums.
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Transcripts from the Training Seminar held at The Weald&Downland Open Air Museum June 998:23-25. Williams-Davies,John 200: Beyond the Limit? A House for the Future at the Museum of Welsh Life, Tagungsberichte 200:25-35. Williams-Davies,John 2003: Museums and Agriculture: The Challenge of Relevance. Tagungsberichte:36-50. Winkel,F. van 973: De “oude stad” in het openluchtmuseum te Bokrijk, Volkskunde LXXIV: 237-250. Wonders,Karen 993: Habitat Dioramas. Illusions of Wilderness in Museums of Natural History. Uppsala (Figura Nova series 25. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis). Wörner,Martin 999: Vergnügung und Belehrung. Volkskultur auf Weltausstellungen 1851-1900. Münster (Waxmann). Yellis,Ken 989: Not Time Machines, But Real Time: Living History at Plimoth Plantation, ALHFAM Proceedings:52-57. Yellis,Ken 990: Dying “Interstate”: World View and Living History at Plimoth Plantation, ALHFAM Proceedings:59-63. Zachrisson,Sune 99: The guardianship of our live cultural heritage. On living plants and animals in the museum context, Tagungsberichte: 89-94. Zeuner,Christopher 993: The Chairman’s Introduction to the Conference, Tagungsberichte: 7-20. Zeuner,Christopher 994: European Open-Air Museums:Social and Economic Changes, ALFHAM Proceedings: 4-8.
Zeuner,Christopher S.H.999: Interpretation of Agriculture in Open-Air Museums. Tagungsberichte: 84- 9. Zippelius,Adelhart 974: Handbuch der europäischen Freilichtmuseen. Köln. Zippelius,Adelhard 980: Tendenzen zur Kommersialisierung in Freilichtmuseen. Tagungsberichte: 09-34. Zippelius,Adelhart 98: Das Rheinische Freilichtmuseum und Landesmuseum für Volkskunde in Kommern. Geschichte und Ausblick. Köln. Zippelius,Adelhart 982: Freilichtmuseen in Deutschland. Hamburg (Bildatlas Spezial). Zippelius,Adelhart 986: Der Mensch als lebendes Exponat, in Jeggle,U: Volkskultur in der Moderne: 40-429.Tübingen. Zippelius,Adelhart 988: Transatlantische Denkmalwanderungen, Kieler Blätter zur Volkskunde 20:355-394. Zippelius,Adelhart 99: Zwischen Aufklärung und Nationalromantik – auf der Suche nach den Wurzeln der europäischen Freilichtmuseen, Tagungsberichte:29-49. Zipsane,Henrik 2003: The Open Air Museum and its new role as a museum of many cultures. Tagungsberichte: 22-33. Zipsane,Henrik 2005A: Makten över historien i Jämtlands län, Kulturarv och Historiebruk, Fornvårdaren 28:52-90. Zipsane, Henrik 2005B: Lifelong Learning in Open Air Museums – A fascinating part to play in Europe, Tagungsberichte 2005. Zuskinová,Iveta 200: Open-air museums in Slovakia. Liptov.
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Index Bold italics refer to colour images, not to page numbers.
”ASTRA” museum, see Sibiu Aall, Hans xi, 52-62, 85, 89, 98, 99, 6, 23, 35, 59, 333, 460 Aaraas, Olav 33 Acton Scott Historical Working Farm 263 Alexander, Edward P. 43, 44, 488/n99 ALHFAM, Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums xii, 3, 26, 262, 268, 275, 405 Almqvist, Carl Jonas Love 3 Alt-Schwerin 94 Amsterdam 4, 96, 249 Andersen, H.C. 324, 366 Anderson, Jay 239, 26, 275, 280, 4, 42 Annales School 3, 238 Antwerp 28, 56, 209 Àrbaer 209 Archangel 02, 87, 88, 207, 209, 397, 400, 407, 190, 30 Århus 85-88, 00, 6, 2, 67, 82, 209, 299, 363, 364, 370, 40 Armstrong, Roy 29, 220 Arnhem 89-97, 2, 53-55, 58, 59, 297, 299, 307, 36, 336-34, 364, 369, 397, 406, 423, 444, 462, 91, 13, 103-106 Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen 52, 53 Association of European Open Air Museums ixxi, 3, 58, 66, 82, 272 Atkinson, Frank 227-234, 34, 383, 388, 47 Australien ix, 26, 255, 288290, 293, 35, 335, 353, 402, 446 Austria 39, 02, 06, 75, 76, 296 Austria-Hungary 38, 98 Avoncroft 29, 326, 397
Bad Windesheim 75 Baden-Würtemberg 75 Ballarat 288-290, 292 Ballenberg 77-79, 327, 335, 369, 400, 44, 453,
23
Bangkok 295 Banšká Štiavnika 2 Baranovski, P.D. 02 Barnum, P.T. 23, 370 Bather, F.A. 38, 392 Baumeier, Stefan 70-73, 296, 349, 350, 394 Bavaria 27, 64, 75, 294 BC Forest Discovery Centre 499/n25 Beamish, North of England Open Air Museum 29, 225-235, 272, 296, 309, 34, 36, 324, 326, 335, 336, 368370, 382, 383, 385, 388, 404, 440, 49-53 Belfast 28, 299 Belgium 92, 53, 55, 56, 59, 82, 342, 344 Belorussia 02, 87 Berlin 6, 34, 35, 39, 62, 85, 05, 07, 92, 20, 207, 38, 325, 372, 8 Beskow, Elsa 89, 92 Bielefeld 422 Biology Museum, Stockholm 29, 5 Biörnstad, Arne 27, 326, 385 Birmingham 220, 263 Bismarck, Otto von 22 Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne 69, 89 Black Country Museum 29, 36 Blists Hill Open Air Museum 5, 220-225, 299, 382, 385, 400, 40, 433, 454, 215, 46-48 Bloch Ravn, Thomas 364368, 394, 40, 409 Bloch, Marc 3 Bóbrka 2 Boesmans, Annick 343, 346, 47, 450
Bokrijk 53-60, 7, 75, 79, 8, 209, 297, 299, 342-347, 362, 40, 420, 422, 423, 447, 450, 462, 168, 19, 42, 107-109 Boston 236, 235 Bouma, S.J. 307, 308, 30 Bowes Museum 228, 232 Brandenburg a. H. 34 Brazil 294 Bremen 34 Brienz 77 Brinchmann, Justus 78 British Museum 4, 38 Brussels 28, 223 Bucharest 03-05, 50, 84-86, 204, 206, 207, 108, 109 Bucur, Corneliu 205, 207 Budapest 39, 20 Bulgaria 88, 205, 27, 400 Burnaby Village Museum 327 Bygdø, Bygdøy 25, 46-5, 89, 04, 383, 45, 54 Campbell, Colin G. 353, 354 Canada 236, 237, 289, 336, 352, 357 Cardiff 3, 4 Carson, Cary 283, 285, 287, 35, 352, 354, 48 Caspian Sea 294 Caucasus 02 Ceaucescu, Nicolae 85 Celle 94 Chicago 34, 3 Chiltern Open Air Museum 454 China 294, 324 Churchill, Winston S. 49 Claas, Wilhelm 2-27 Clarke Hall 432 Cloppenburg 07-2, 5, 6, 55, 58, 59, 73, 36, 397, 398, 424, 110, 111 Cluj 03, 05, 99, 206 Colonial Pennsylvania Plantation 4, 454 Colonial Williamsburg 35-5, 236, 240, 245,
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263, 274, 280, 282-287, 350-354, 360, 377, 390, 396, 399, 409, 43, 48, 424, 425, 427, 435, 449, 466, 137, 148, 149, 18,
75, 76, 113
Connecticut 236, 255 Conner Prairie 264-269, 334, 359-362, 366, 46, 47, 430, 433, 434, 443, 444, 455, 65, 116, 117 Conner, William 264 Copenhagen 6, 33, 4-46, 57, 66, 86, 89, 92, 94, 98, 6, 55, 58, 62, 73, 74, 82, 29, 298, 30, 34, 326, 340, 363, 364, 367, 403, 442, 449 Cossons, Neil 22, 222, 225 Croatia 27, 399 Crystal Palace 38 Cseri, Miklós x, 203, 450 Cutler, Edward 33 Czajkowski, Jerzy x, 95-97 Czech Republic x, 40 Czechoslovakia 40, 02, 06, 07, 88, 89, 94, 209, 299 Czernowitz (Chernivtsi) 39 Dahl, Johan Christian 49, 50 Dansk Folkemuseum 6, 42, 78 Dar Es-Salaam 293 Darby, Abraham 220 De Heibergske SamlingerSogn Folkemuseum 328, 33 De Sandvigske Samlinger, see Maihaugen Dearborn xi, 24, 26, 29 Decorah 23 Deetz, James 246-25, 265, 268, 275, 279, 427 Den Fynske Landsby 6, 305 Den Gamle By 85-89, 2, 208, 209, 299, 382, 394, 40, 404, 409, 40, 422, 444, 454, 10-12, 120, 121 Denmark 6, 28, 30, 34, 447, 5, 56, 57, 88, 94, 6, 53, 82, 86, 263, 27, 272, 300-307, 363-369, 40, 403, 40, 4, 438, 446, 454 Des Moines 273 Dethlefsen, Richard 35, 05, 384
Detmold 65-73, 75, 209, 23, 296, 298, 299, 345, 349, 350, 382, 394, 395, 397, 403, 404, 427, 168, 169, 24-25, 112 Deutsches Museum 22, 26 Dewey, John 3 Dietenheim77 Disney World 237, 238, 263, 338, 35, 356, 466 Disney, Walt 35, 237, 284, 35, 358, 42, 465 Disney´s America 35 Disneyland 77, 237, 26, 466 Doylestown 32 Dreamworld 335 Dulles, John Foster 49 Durham 228, 230 Dybbøl 366 East Germany 92, 94, 23 East Prussia 34, 96 Edison, Thomas A. 2630, 33-35, 355, 356 Edmonton 327 Edo-Tokyo Open Air Museum 499/n37 Egypt 34, 222, 349 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 49 Elverum 20, 328 Emmen 420 England 26, 38, 5, 2, 4, 2, 28-236, 240, 24, 245, 248, 25-255, 269, 70, 272, 288, 296, 300, 308, 334, 336, 354, 397, 40, 4, 432, 444 Epcot 238, 338, 35, 356 Erven Dorens, Guust van 94-97 Erven Dorens-Bonnike, Emmy van 94 Essen 2, 26 Estonia 40, 02, 84, 97 ETAR 205, 400 Europa-Park 324 European Museum of the Year Award 222, 233, 369 Exploratorium 442 Farmer´s Museum 236 Festin, Eric 8, 83-85 Finland 40, 4, 58-60, 272, 273 Firestone, Harvey 285 Flanders 92, 53-55, 57, 207, 342-344
FNFB, Foreningen til Norske Fortidsmindesmaerkers Bevaring 48, 49, 52, 57, 66, 67 Ford, Clara 29, 33, 35, 46 Ford, Edsel 33 Ford, Henry xi, 24-39, 43, 46, 49, 54, 67, 239, 240, 273, 284, 355, 356, 370, 4, 44, 449, 45, 460, 463, 136 Forsslund, Karl-Erik 59, 6, 23 France 5, 26, 3, 5, 38, 62, 74, 82, 238, 324, 397 Fränkisches Freilichtmuseum 75 Fredriksdal 7, 403, 404 Friesland 42 Frilandsmuseet 43-48, 79, 92, 6, 62, 73-74, 270, 298, 30-307, 363, 364, 366, 384, 403, 45, 462, 44, 302, 303, 87,
88, 119
Frognerseteren 479/n55 Funäsdalen 60, 20, 64 Fundin, Erik 60, 6, 75, 64 Gabrovo 205 Gamla Linköping 209, 20, 300, 336, 364 Gamle Bergen 209 Gammon, Billie 258-260, 36, 44, 252 Garnier, Charles 27, 40 Geneva 82 Georgia 87 Germany x, 22, 28, 33-39, 44, 52, 58, 59, 62, 89, 94, 06-3, 64, 7-75, 82, 92, 209, 2-23, 269, 274, 300, 324, 343, 347, 348, 365, 370 Ghana 293 Ghent 92 Glassie, Henry 265-268 Glentleiten 75, 369 Glomsdal Museum 328 Gol 49, 5, 383, 54 Goodwin, Mary 4 Goodwin, Rutherford 4, 45, 50 Goodwin, W.A.R. 38-4, 44-46, 50, 137 Grand Canyon 222 Grant, Ulysses S. 257 Graz 39, 76
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Great Britain 38, 3, 4, 59, 29, 23, 234, 263, 326 Greenfield Village 24-35, 46, 50, 5, 54, 208, 233, 236, 237, 240, 263, 28, 284, 285, 39, 354356, 362, 364, 370, 423, 440, 444, 447, 45, 452, 463, 136, 16, 17, 72-74,
163
Grieg, Edvard 89 Grimm, brothers 52 GSchwend, Max 77 Gusti, Dimitrie 03-05, 5, 85, 86 Hagen 2-27, 29, 349, 400, 4, 214, 43 Hagenbeck, Carl 27 Hägnan 80, 34 Haley, Alex 35 Halifax 228 Hamburg 34, 78 Hammarskjöld, Dag 49 Hammarstedt, Nils Edvard 3, 393 Hamp, Stephen K. 354, 356, 452 Hansson, Per Albin 8, 38 Harris, Richard 4 Hartley, L.P. 506/n4 Hazelius, Artur ix,x, 4-32, 33-00, 8, 9, 44, 46, 63, 76, 80, 82, 28, 239, 26, 36, 335, 337, 365, 368, 370, 375, 386, 398, 402, 406, 44, 46, 44, 452, 459, 6 Hazelius, Gunnar 8, 32 Hazelius, Sofi 4 Heikel, Axel O. 40 Hellman, Theodor 8-85, 79 Helsinki 33, 40, 442 Henrik, Prince 93 Hessenpark 74, 8, 209, 336, 348 Hildebrand, Hans 29 Hindeloopen 42, 48 Hirschfeld, Ch.C.L. 50 Hitler, Adolf 2, 8, 389 Hjerl Hansen, H.P. 6 Hjerl Hede 6, 7, 300, 306, 307, 366, 40, 403, 438, 446, 302 Hoefer, Frederic 48, 89-97, 460 Hohenlohe 75
Hokkaido 294 Holland, see The Netherlands Holm, Peter 85-88, 209, 364, 367, 10 Holst, Christian 48-52 Hornblower, Harry 245247 Hungary ix, 38,06, 78, 88, 94, 98, 200-203, 326, 336, 352, 382, 450 Husum 46, 74 Hyltén-Cavallius, Gunnar Olof 4 Ibsen, Henrik 89, 92, 329 Iceland 209 ICOM 3, 64, 82, 96, 99, 448, 449 Indiana 264, 268, 269, 359, 362 India 294, 400 Indianapolis 265, 268, 283, 443 Indonesia 82, 294, 34 Iowa 23, 273, 274, 327, 359, 385, 404, 446 Ireland 25 Irkutsk 88, 209 Ironbridge 5, 29-225, 232, 233, 235, 254, 36, 363, 385, 40, 45 Israel 82 Italy 77 Jamtli ix, 6, 80-85, 20, 3-322, 335, 342, 343, 348, 366, 384, 393, 398, 40, 420, 429, 43, 433438, 443-445, 449, 450, 464, 90, 94-97, 123 Jansson, Nils Oskar 40 Jansson, Olof 6 Japan 4, 29, 294, 295 Jaroněk. Bohumír 06, 07, 89, 460 Jefferson, Thomas 38, 43, 437 Jensen, Chr. Axel 86 Jong, Adriaan de 89, 337339, 34 Jönköping 80, 92 Jorvik Viking Centre 324, 338 Julita 404, 405 Jürgensen, Heinrich 66 Jutland 35, 43, 46, 6, 73, 30, 305, 306, 365, 40, 403
Karlin, Georg 7-85, 87, 95, 99, 7, 56, 79, 347, 377, 403, 407, 4, 460 Kärnten 76 Kaunas 87, 209 Kawasaki 294, Kelsey, Darwin 24, 26, 263, 275, 386, 404, 405 Kemi, see Sagalund Kiel 74, 449 Kiev 87, 92, 93, 207, 400 Kirk, John 5 Kizhi 88, 397, 450, 27, 29 Købstadmuseet Den gamle by, see Den Gamle By Kolomenskoe 02 Koltoff, Gustaf 28 Kommern 58-70, 73-75, 79, 26, 300, 30, 348, 397, 403-405, 20-23, 111 Königsberg 35, 38, 94, 95, 05, 96, 384, 36 Korea 294 Kristiania, see Oslo Kulturen 43, 7-83, 85, 87, 92, 94, 99, 377, 398, 73, 90, 9 Kyoto 295 Laenen, Mark 7, 297, 299, 300 Lagerlöf, Selma 2, 70, 89 Langer, Jiří x, 87, 95, 99 Latvia 40, 0, 02, 84, 87, 92 Le Play, Frédéric 26 Leiden 4 Lejre 263, 300, 30, 4 Lemberg, see Lvov Lenin, V. 84, 87, 94 Lewis, C.S. 360 Lewis, Peter 233-235, 296, 324, 335, 336 Liebknecht, Karl 33 Ligthart, Jan 89, 92, 32, 450 Lillehammer 62-66, 83, 04, 23, 227, 329, 330, 370 Limburg 53-55 Lincoln, Abraham 29, 34, 285 Lindbergh, Charles 285 Lindblom, Andreas 2, 2, 8-2, 27, 28, 54, 20, 32, 326, 337, 447, 452 Linnaeus, Carl 3 Linz 39 Liptov 200
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Lithuania 35, 02, 87, 209, 27 Little World Museum of Man 294 Liverpool 233 Living History Farms 273279, 327, 359, 360, 362, 369, 382, 385, 404, 420, 446, 454, 67-70, 118 Logeman, Henri 92 London 38, 388 Loustarinmäki (Klosterbacken) 477/n2 Lucerne (Luzern) 422 Ludvigsen, Arne 298, 30 Ludvika 23 Lukasiewics, Ignacy 2 Luleå Gammelstad see Hägnan Lund 43, 7-79, 83, 94, 95, 99, 347, 377, 4 Lvov 37, 84, 87, 2 Lyngby, see Frilandsmuseet Måås-Fjetterström, Märta 78 Madurodam 500/n3 Maihaugen 6-7, 83, 92, 98, 6, 23, 27, 80, 8, 20, 227, 228, 300, 329333, 370, 395, 396, 40, 402, 65, 72, 98, 99 Maine 257, 259 Malaysia 294 Malye Korely, see Archangel Mandelgren, Nils Månsson 4 Martin 200 Massachusetts 236 Melbourne 29 Mercer, Henry 32 Mezhgorsky 20 Michelsen, Peter 304-307, 326, 384, 403, 449 Mickiewicz, Adam 98 Midura, Franciszek 95 Miller, Oskar von 22, 27 Milwaukee 268, 270 Minsk 87 Moe, Jørgen 52 Moe, Moltke 52, 53, 57 Montelius, Oscar 29 Moscow 32, 92 Muang Boran 295 Müller, Sophus 30, 46, 47, 57, 77, 78, 86, 383, 387, 393 Munich 22 Münster 382
Murberget 80-85, 6, 208 Murray, William 273-278, 359, 404, 460 Museum Meiji-mura 295 Mystic Seaport 236, 255257, 309, 399, 422, 445, 253, 63 Nääs 89 National Park Service 28, 282 National Trust 38 Nederlands Openluchtmuseum, see Arnhem Neu-Ansbach 74 New Brunswick 327 New England 236, 240, 24, 255 New Jersey 26, 27 New South Wales 292 New York 28, 40, 46, 236 Newcastle 227, 230 Newtonmore 326, 382, 384 Nicolaysen, Nicolay 48-5, 57, 89, 393 Niger 293 Nigeria 293 Nihon Minka-en 84, 85 Nixon, Richard M. 85 Noble, Ross 335, 384, 40, 407, 427, 110 Nordanfjeldske Kunstindustrimuseum 52 Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik 7 Nordiska museet ix, 4-7, 2, 4-22, 29-34, 38, 40, 42, 47, 52, 53, 60, 63, 69, 76, 77, 85, 89, 94, 95, 08-22, 54, 55, 22, 320, 404 Norlands 257-260, 36, 432, 252, 64 Norsk Folkemuseum 5-57, 62, 66, 83, 85, 92, 6, 2, 23, 209, 300, 328, 376, 55, 100-102 Norsk Skogsmuseum 20 Northern Ireland 3, 64, 27, 28, 269, 293 Norway xi, 3, 34, 39, 48-62, 66-69, 8, 84, 99, 6, 23, 80, 209, 20, 233, 260, 262, 320, 328333, 368, 376, 393, 40, 402, 424, 436, 455 Novosibirsk 87, 394 Nowy Sącs 97 Nykøbing 454
Ohio 285 Ohio Historical Village 502/n Old Sturbridge Village 224, 236, 240-245, 249, 254, 256, 26, 263, 269, 272, 275, 280, 285, 323, 357, 363, 370, 386, 404, 408, 40, 429, 445, 446, 449, 455, 54-59 Old Sydney Town 293 Old World Wisconsin 269-272, 279, 287, 293, 352, 357, 369, 40, 44,
66, 71
Oldenburg 95, 07 Olsen, Bernard 2, 4-5, 57, 78, 79, 87, 89, 94, 96, 98, 58, 73, 74, 29, 30, 460, 44 Olsztynek (Hohenstein) 38, 96 Ontario 236 Oppenheimer, Frank 442 Oppenheimer, Jackie 442 Orwell, George 233 Osaka 294 Oscar II 25, 48, 5 Oslo 25, 33, 48, 53, 66, 85, 94, 96, 98, 00, 4, 6, 2, 64, 328-33, 333, 406 Östarp 79, 80, 99, 7, 56, 403, 4 Ottenjann, Henrich 07, 2, 5 Ovanåker 44 Paris 5, 27, 28, 42, 56, 75, 3, 377 Parks, Rosa 355 Passarge, Louis 6, 9, 20, 35 Peate, Iorwerth 4, 273 Pennsylvania 32, 265, 4, 454 Perrin, Richard 269-27, 293, 44, 460 Petit Trianon 50, 38 Pisa 66 Plimoth Plantation 236, 246-255, 258, 264-268, 275-279, 280, 339, 358, 36, 363, 369, 382, 385, 400, 409, 4, 423, 427436, 440, 252, 60-62 Poland x, 35-39, 4, 02, 06, 34, 52, 83-92, 94-99, 209, 2, 226, 27, 272 Pompeii 6, 34, 392 Potsdam 479/n68
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Prague 39, 40, 06, 89 Pudor, Heinrich 33, 34 Rheinisches Freilichtmuseum, see Kommern Riga 40, 0, 06, 84-87, 93, 190, 28 Rivière, Georges Henri 3, 4 Rockefeller, John D. III 49 Rockefeller, John D. Jr. xi, 35-44, 46, 240, 282, 377, 137 Ronsheim, Robert 47 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 269 Rosén, Karl Petter 6 Rosenthal, Ellen 360, 36 Roskilde 5, 66 Rožnov (pod Rahoštěm) 06, 89, 99, 204, 207, 209, 299, 406, 15, 31, 32 Ruhpolding 75 Ruhr 2, 26 Rumania 39, 03, 04, 5, 85, 88, 92, 98, 99, 204-208, 370, 400 Russia 26, 39, 40, 02, 8588, 94, 96, 203, 207, 209, 27, 370, 397, 400, 47, 445, 450 Sagalund 40, 37 Salin, Bernard 32, 95 Salzburg 76 SAMDOK 304, 332 Sandvig, Anders 62-74, 80, 83, 85, 87, 88, 98, 3, 5, 23, 80, 228, 300, 329-33, 333, 44, 65 Sanok 95-98, 200, 209, 2, 191, 33, 35 Scandinavian Panopticon 46, 47 Schepers, Josef 67, 70, 73, 403 Schlebecker, John 262 Schleswig 46, 74 Schleswig-Holsteinisches Freilichtmuseum, see Kiel Scotland 323, 326, 382, 40 Seaworld 335 Seurasaari (Fölisön) 40, 37 Shilpgram Museum 294, 400 Siberia 02, 87, 88, 93, 209, 394 Sibiu 204-209, 26, 400,
39-41
Silesia (Schlesien) 49 Simbirsk 209 Skansen ix, xi, 4-32, 33-96, 04, 06, 2-5, 7-22, 54, 59, 66, 7, 74, 75, 80, 82, 94-96, 209-29, 22, 228, 26, 270, 293, 300, 32, 325, 326, 334-337, 363-366, 370, 385, 395-398, 400, 404, 406, 40, 422, 44, 444, 452, 453, 463, 20, 121, 1-7, 14 Skramstad, Harold 285, 354, 447 Slovakia 98, 99, 2 Smithsonian Institution 23, 262, 274 Söderman, August 26, 42 Sonnenschein, Helmut 23 Sostó 203, 382 South Africa 293 South Tyrol 77 Sovereign Hill 288-293, 335, 353, 402, 422, 446,
77-93, 115
Soviet Union 02, 86-93 Spain 82 St. Fagans, Welsh Folk Museum 3, 263, 299, 326, 327, 86 Stara Lubovňa 99 Staro Selo 399 Staunton 269 Stephenson, George 28, 235 Sterling, Peter 283 Stockholm ix, 4-32, 39, 46, 50, 5, 53, 60, 76, 78, 95, 06, 4-9, 25, 27, 55, 59, 82, 27, 400, 442 Stonefield Village 502/n0 Strindberg, August 89 Stübing 75, 76, 296 Sturbridge, see Old Sturbridge Village Sundt, Eilert 50 Šušenskoe 93 Suzdal 88, 397, 445 Svidník 99 Swan Hill Pioneer Settlement 288, 289 Sweden ix, xi, -32, 40-5, 59, 63, 69, 74, 77-85, 89, 94, 07, 3, 6-2, 27, 53, 54, 80, 82, 86, 95, 203, 209, 229, 294, 308, 3, 37, 328, 33, 342, 394-397, 40, 408, 424, 442, 450, 452
Swedish Panopticon 6 Switzerland 60, 02, 77, 79, 324, 327, 335, 400, 422 Sydney 26, 293, 35, 466 Szentendre ix, 20-203, 326, 336, 450, 34, 36, 37,
38, 122
Tallin 87 Tannenberg 96 Tanzania 293 Tennyson, Alfred 6 Thailand 294, 295 The Children´s Museum (Indianapolis) 442, 443 The National Village Museum Dimitrie Gusti, see Bucharest The Netherlands 89-93, 97, 53, 59, 82, 300, 307, 334, 336, 338, 34, 342, 369, 420, 440 Thompson, George B. 64, 28, 300 Tiflis 87 Tilden, Freeman 27, 48, 434, 438, 439 Timbertown 292 Toffler, Alvin 374 Tokyo 294, 295 Tolstrup, Inger 363 Toyonaka 294 Transylvania 03, 99, 207 Trinder, Barrie 40 Troels-Lund, Troels 47, 48, 77, 78 Trøndelag Folkemuseum 8, 446, 455 Trondheim 52, 60, 66, 8, 20 Turkey 82 Turku 33 Turner, F.J. 30 Tussaud Group 324 U.S.A. xi, 23, 25, 26, 42, 43, 236-238, 258, 262, 269, 284, 29, 36, 35, 40, 445 Uganda 293 Ukraine 39, 87, 92, 20 Ukranian Cultural Heritage Village 327 Uldall, Kai 30-303 Ulriksdal 46 Ulster Folk and Transport Museum 64, 27, 293, 327, 376, 449 Ulster-American Folk Park 293, 335
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Ungersheim 74 United States, see U.S.A. Upper Canada Village 236 Vaes, Bea 345, 447 Vaessen, Jan 337-340, 462 Valentine, Nina 290, 29 Vallby 66 Vancouver 327 Vang 49 Velure, Magne 330, 33 Ven, Dirk Jan van der 9497, 54 Versailles 06, 38 Vesterheim 23 Victoria, Queen 224 Victoria, state 288, 290 Vienna 26, 28, 39 Vietnam 238, 294 Village Historique Acadien 327 Virginia xi, 38, 42, 44, 45, 269 Vologda 88 Vourax, Myron 265-268 Wadköping 20 Wahl, Anders de 26
Wales 4, 53, 292, 299, 305, 340 Warsaw 06 Warwick Castle 324 Washburn-Norlands Living History Center, see Norlands Washington D.C. 32, 262, 274, 35 Washington, George 38, 43 Wdzydze 35, 39 Weald & Downland 29, 220, 334, 397, 40, 405, 4, 444, 44, 45 Wells, Albert B. 240, 245 Wells, George 240, 24 Wells, H.G. 360 Wells, Ruth Dyer 240, 24 Welsh Folk Museum, se St. Fagans Westfälisches Freilichtmuseum, see Detmold and Hagen Westphalia 66, 67, 73, 23, 26, 422, 453 Weyns, Jozef 53-58, 8082, 207, 297-299, 38, 344, 40
Widén, Ellen 8-85, 79, 3 Wigan Pier 233, 234 Wilhelm II 34, 5 Wilhelmina, Queen 93 Williamsburg, see Colonial Williamsburg Wright, Wilbur and Orville 29, 73 York Castle Museum 5, 270 Yugoslavia 82, 88 Zachrisson, Sune 405 Zakopane 39 Zambia 293 Zeuner, Christopher 405 Zippelius, Adelhart x, 58-65, 67, 73, 80-83, 94, 95, 26, 296, 348, 37, 387, 388, 394, 397, 403, 404 Zuiderzee Museum 3073, 327, 334, 364, 375, 444, 89-93
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