Given a good set of patterns, we can build a good set of tuples. Given a good set of tuples, we can build a good set of patterns.
Tuples and patterns for a desired relation R can be qualified by the metrics of precision and recall, both of which are propagated between matching patterns and tuples– essentially such propagations correspond to random walks on a graph of interrelated patterns and tuples: recall is a forward walk from R to tuples and patterns, and precision is a backward walk from tuples and patterns to R.
But… What are considered “good?” How does the “goodness” mutually reinforce?
Problem: Pattern Search
How to Qualify Patterns and Tuples?
• Motivation: Use syntactic patterns to extract tuples. E.g., use <#city is … capital city of #country> to extract capital relation from webpages.
• Let CR be the set of relevant contexts • View patterns as retrieving a set of contexts 𝐼𝑝 • Deterministic precision and recall: • Probabilistic precision and recall:
Extracted tuples
• Can be similarly defined on tuples
How to Propagate the Metrics?
• Dual problems: How to rank patterns? How to rank tuples using the patterns?
• Probabilistic Inferences between tuples and patterns • Through contexts (acting as bridges)
• The inferences can be interpreted as random walks
How to Interrelate Patterns and Tuples? • • • •
Need to interrelate them for mutual reinforcement Patterns and tuples co-occur in text fragments Co-occurring p and t form a context c = (t, p) A context is a particular “interpretation” Whether the pair (t, p) is relevant or irrelevant
• Contexts thus interrelate tuples and patterns into a Context Graph Which is an affinity graph of semantic relationships
t1 = (Beijing, China) t2 = (Shanghai, China) p1 = #city is … capital of #country p2 = #city is an ancient city in #country p3 = #city, a big city in #country t1 and p2 co-occur as c1 in text fragment “Beijing is an ancient city in China, …” for 4 times. t1 and p3 co-occur as c2 in text fragment “Beijing, a big city in China, …” for 5 times.
• “Rediscovery” of PR Duality (see our Key Finding)
Experiment: Our Results • Extracting three target relations on the Web • Baselines: QXtract and Snowball (Q&S) • Three different schemes of PRDualRank: Dual-Ext (scoring tuples with extraction patterns only) Dual-Sch (scoring tuples with search patterns only) Dual-Combine (average of the above two)
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