STUDENT REFERENCE FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND PHYSICAL DATA

Gravitational constant.................................................................................

G = 6.67  10
11 N  m 2 kg2

Constant in Coulomb’s Law ......................................................................

k = 9.00
10 9 N  m 2 C2

Elementary charge.......................................................................................

e = 1.60  10
19 C

Mass of electron ......................................................................................... me = 9.11  10
31 kg Mass of proton ........................................................................................... m p = 1.67  10
27 kg Permeability of free space .......................................................................... μ o = 4  10
7 T  m A Speed of light..............................................................................................

c = 3.00
108 m s

Earth radius ............................................................................................

= 6.38
10 6 m

mass ..............................................................................................

= 5.98
10 24 kg

acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earth (for the purposes of this examination) ..................................

g = 9.80 m s 2

period of rotation..........................................................................

= 8.61
10 4 s

radius of orbit around Sun ...........................................................

= 1.50
1011 m

period of orbit around Sun...........................................................

= 3.16
10 7 s

radius ............................................................................................

= 1.74
10 6 m

mass ..............................................................................................

= 7.35
10 22 kg

period of rotation..........................................................................

= 2.36
10 6 s

radius of orbit around Earth.........................................................

= 3.84
108 m

period of orbit around Earth.........................................................

= 2.36
10 6 s

mass ..............................................................................................

= 1.98
10 30 kg

Moon

Sun

Assessment Branch 2007/08 School Year

-1-

Physics 12 Student Reference

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

METRIC PREFIXES Prefix

Symbol

Numerical

Exponential

mega kilo hecto deca

M k h da

deci centi milli micro

d c m

1 000 000 1 000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000001

10 6 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 – 1 10 – 2 10 – 3 10 – 6

μ

For Right-angled Triangles: a2 + b2 = c2 sin
=

b c

cos
=

a c

tan
=

b a

1

area = ab 2

For All Triangles: 1

area = base  height 2

Sine Law :

sin A sin B sin C = = a b c

Cosine Law : c 2 = a 2 + b 2
2 ab cos C

Circle:

Circumference = 2
r Area =
r 2

Quadratic Equation:


b ± b 2
4ac If ax + bx + c = 0, then x = 2a 2

Assessment Branch 2007/08 School Year

-2-

Physics 12 Student Reference

PHYSICS FORMULAE Gravitation:

Vector Kinematics in Two Dimensions: v + v0 2

v = v0 + at

v=

v 2 = v0 2 + 2ad

d = v0 t + at 2

F=G

2

F=k
V =

Ffr = μFN

Ep = k Work, Energy, and Power: Ep = mgh

1

Ek = mv 2

P=

2

W
t

I=


Ep Q Q1Q2 r

Q
t

Vterminal =  ± Ir


p = F
t

F Q

E=

E=


V d

V=

kQ r

kQ r2

V = IR P = VI

F = BI l B = μ0 n I = μ0


= Fd

 = BA

Circular Motion:

Vback = 
Ir

1 T= f

F = QvB N I l

 = Bl v  =
N  t

Vs N s I p = = Vp N p I s

v 2 4
2r = 2 r T

Assessment Branch 2007/08 School Year

E=

Electromagnetism:

Equilibrium:

ac =

Q1Q2 r2

Electric Circuits:

Momentum:

p = mv

m1m2 r

Electrostatics:

Fg = mg

W = Fd

Ep =
G

1

Vector Dynamics:

Fnet = ma

m1m2 r2

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Physics 12 Student Reference