The Office of the Higher education Commission, Thailand   

Thai Higher Education: Priorities and Key Development 

 

 

Current Status  At present, Thailand has a total of 155 higher education institutions. Among this number are  80  public  higher  education  institutions  consisting  of  20  autonomous  universities,  12  traditional universities, 39 Rajabhat Universities (formerly teacher training colleges), and 9  Rajamangala  Universities  of  Technology,  together  with  74  private  higher  education  institutions,  and  Office  of  Community  College  Administration.  The  student  population  in  higher education is over 2.2 million. In addition to the institutions under the jurisdiction of  the Office of the Higher Education Institutions, Ministry of Education there are specialised  higher education institutions under the auspices of other ministries.  Thailand’s policy on higher education provision puts prime priority on enabling universities  to  produce  and  develop  quality  workforce  into  the  labour  market,  strengthening  higher  education  capacity  in  creating  knowledge  and  innovation  in  order  to  enhance  Thailand’s  competitiveness,  and  fostering  sustainable  development  of  the  communities  through  the  greater collaboration and utilization of networking of higher education institutions based on  academic autonomy, diversity, and unity as well as public and private partnership.   

Key Developments   Increasing students’ employability and entrepreneurial skills   To ensure that students’ competencies meet the demand of the labour market, the Office of  the  Higher  Education  Commission  (OHEC)  in  collaboration  with  the  Thai  Association  for  Cooperative Education (TACE) and Cooperative Networks has encouraged Thai universities  to  implement  Cooperative  Education  and  Work  Integrated  Education  which  foster  links  between higher education and the world of work. The project integrates theory and on‐the‐ job training  by taking into account trends in the world  of work in economic, business and  industrial  sectors  in  order  to  respond  to  the  demand  of  the  labour  market.  The  project’s  purpose  is  to  develop  entrepreneurial  skills  and  foster  employability  of  graduates.  Since 2013, OHEC has expanded cooperative education to the international level particularly  within ASEAN. From 2008 to present, there are 106 higher education institutions providing  cooperative education programmes with more than 30,000 students’ participation and over  10,000 workplaces involved.   University Business Incubator (UBI)  A  project  on  University  Business  Incubator  (UBI)  has  served  as  the  driving  force  for  the  establishment  of  a  start‐up  company  which  could  later  be  developed  into  spin‐off  companies. UBI is not only foster university‐industry linkages but also equip students with  entrepreneurial skills.  At the moment, UBI units have been set up in 63 public universities  and operated under the 9 Higher Education Development Networks. During the years 2013‐ 2014,  UBI units conducted trainings on entrepreneurship skills for 176 start‐up companies  and  72  spin‐off  companies,  and  received  150  students  under  cooperative  education  programmes to undertake internships.    1   

 Centers of Excellence  The  Centers  of  Excellence  were  established  as  autonomous  units  under  the  Higher  Education  Development  (HEDP)  Project  administered  by  the  Ministry  of  University  Affairs  (OHEC at present) since 1999.  In the first phase (1999 ‐ 2006), OHEC had implemented the  project with a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and counterpart fund from the  Thai  government.    Under  the  project,  new  postgraduate  academic  consortia  had  been  established  as  7  R&D  Centers  of  Excellence  (CoEs)  with  an  aim  to  strengthening  postgraduate  education  and  research  in  cooperation  with  the  industry  and  the  private  sector in priority science and technology areas.  After the end of the ADB loan in 2006, the Thai government approved the implementation of  HEDP Phase II (2006 ‐ 2009). In this connection, the Higher Education Commission approved  the restructuring plan of HEDP and renamed as ‘S&T Postgraduate Education and Research  Development Office (PERDO)’ with financial support from the Thai government. The existing  7 CoEs had been reoriented to become the ‘real’ Centers of Excellence with key missions on  research‐driven, postgraduate education, and service rendering.  Additional two centers of  excellence were also established.   At  present,  PERDO  is  in  the  third  phase  of  its  implementation.  The  number  of  Centers  of  Excellence has been increased from 7 to 11, namely  (1) Center for Innovation in Chemistry;  (2)  Center  for  Toxicology,  Environmental  Health,  and  Management  of  Toxic  Chemicals;  (3)  Center  for  Environmental  and  Hazardous  Waste  Management;  (4)  Center  for  Petroleum,  Petrochemicals,  and  Advanced  Materials;    (5)  Center  for  Energy  Technology  and  Environment;  (6)  Center  for  Agricultural  Biotechnology;    (7)  Center  for  Postharvest  Technology  Innovation;    (8)  Center  of  Excellence  in  Mathematics  (established  in  2007);  (9)  Center  of  Excellence  in  Physics  (established  in  2007);  (10)    Center  of  Excellence  on  Biodiversity (established in 2011); and (11) Center of Excellence on Medical Biotechnology  (established in 2011).  The total number of participating higher education institutions and research institutes are  25. Among those institutions, 5 universities have been assigned as lead universities.   From  the  year  2000  to  2014,  the  outputs  of  those  Centers  of  Excellence  include  7,000  graduates at masters and doctoral degree levels; 1,500 joint research projects with industry  sector;  7,500  research  outputs  published  in  national  and  international  journals;  and  6 international patents.     National Research Universities   OHEC  started  to  implement  the  National  Research  University  Initiative  and  Research  Promotion in Higher Education Project in 2010 with financial support under the Government  Stimulus  Package  Plan.  National  Research  University  Development  had  been  launched  to  enhance  universities’  academic  excellence  so  as  to  enhance  national  competitiveness.   OHEC  has  granted  extra  financial  support  to  encourage  National  Research  Universities  to  dedicate themselves towards the intended objectives. The ultimate goal of this project is to  raise the overall quality of Thai higher education.     

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The  9  universities  that  have  been  selected  as  National  Research  Universities  (NRUs)  are  Chulalongkorn University, Kasetsart University, Khon Kaen University, Chiang Mai University,  Thammasat  University,  Mahidol  University,  Prince  of  Songkla  University,  Suranaree  University  of  Technology,  and  King  Mongkut’s  University  of  Technology  Thonburi.  These  NRUs  have  conducted  research  in  6  supra  clusters  ‐  Agriculture  and  Food,  Energy,  Environment, Health, Industry, and Social Science.    With prime concern on the critical role of higher education towards the country’s social and  economic  growth,  the  missions  of  the  Centers  of  Excellence  have  focused  on  producing  competitive research outputs contributing to addressing the country’s major problems, and  enhancing  economic  viability  and  commercial  benefits,  whereas  the  9  national  research  universities have focused primarily on creating pre‐competitive knowledge and innovation  that contribute to enhanced country’s productivity and are more responsive to the national  social and economic development along with addressing  global issues, i.e. climate change,  disaster management, aging society, and digital economy.   

A Mega Project: Thailand Excellence 2030 

As higher education serves as one of the key engines to drive the country’s inclusive growth,  in  2014,  OHEC  has  charted  the  roadmap  ‘Thailand  Excellence  2030’  which  calls  for  more  investment  in  higher  education.  OHEC  has  planned  to  propose  a  mega  project  to  the  government  for  endorsement  and  funding  support.    The  ultimate  goal  of  the  project  is  to  strengthen  higher  education  system,  increase  universities’  critical  role  in  contributing  to  create  knowledge‐based  economy,  and  help  the  country  escape  from  the  middle  income  trap.    ‘Thailand  Excellence  2030’  comprises  the  World  Class  University  Project;  the  Project  on  Higher  Education Human  Resources  Development  to  Cope  with  the  Changing  Global  Context);  and  the  Project  on  Standard  Development  of  New  Group  of  Higher  Education  Institutions and Preparation for the ASEAN Community.   

World  Class  University  Project  (5‐year  plan  with  estimated  budget  of  25 billion baht) 

The World Class University Project has set a short, medium, and long‐term goals focusing on   forming  sustainable  university  consortia;  strengthening  collaboration  among  universities  and industry including SMEs so as to produce high technology and green innovation derived  from  internal  R&D,  together  with  the  implementation  of  ‘Lean  Manufacturing’  from  the  effectiveness to the changing trends of international higher education; establishing real time  and  validated  national  database  for  Thai  universities  that  can  be  utilized  effectively  for  quality control and benchmarking; creating Thai university ranking system which suits Thai  higher  education  structure,  and  serving  as  driving  force  for  positive  changes.    It  is  highly  expected that Thai universities with administrative strength will have world class disciplines  and be ranked in the world university rankings.       

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Project  on  Higher  Education Human  Resources  Development  to  Cope  with  the  Changing  Global  Context  (15‐year  plan  with  estimated  budget  of  44  billion baht) 

With  regard  to  higher  education  human  resources  development,  OHEC  has  targeted  to provide 16,000 doctoral and postdoctoral scholarships for the purposes of increasing the  production of Ph.D. faculties; capacity building of universities’ faculty members to become  professional  researchers;  and  strengthening  of  academic  and  research  consortia  in  areas  necessary for the country’s competitiveness and socio‐economic development.  

Project on Standard Development of New Group of Higher Education  Institutions and   Preparation for the ASEAN Community (5‐year plan with estimated budget of  68 billion baht) 

Realizing  that  diversity  and  differences  of  Thai  higher  education  institutions  have  brought  about  the  development  divide,  OHEC  has  planned  to  allocate  funding  to  enhance  the  capacity  of  the  new  group  of  higher  education  Institutions  including  Rajabhat  Universities  and  Rajamangala  Universities  of  Technology  by  upgrading  their  quality  of  education  provision, strengthening their administration, and capacity building of their academic staff  to meet the national standards and in line with the direction of the country’s development.    In this connection, the role of Rajamangala Universities of Technology focuses on providing  education  in  various  fields  of  technology  and  operations  while  Rajabhat  Universities  put  emphasis on teacher production and community engagement.   

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