Madras Agric. J. 91 (1-3) : 168-170 January-March 2004 Research Notes

Resistance of double haploid rice lines to brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) R.P. SOUNDARARAJAN, K. GUNATHILAGARAJ, M. MAHESWARAN AND N. CHITRA Dept. of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu Among the insect pest of rice, BPH Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) has assumed greater importance and has turned up a major pest in the last two decades. Use of insecticides to control BPH was not always rewarding. Many insecticides were ineffective in the control of BPH and effectiveness of applied insecticides declined after few years (Heinrichs, 1979). Plant resistance is the most practical and economical method to manage brown planthopper in rice (Chelliah, 1985). More than 400 accessions out of 50,000 accessions screened were identified as resistant to BPH (Rapusas and Heinrichs, 1987). Many resistant sources have been identified for BPH (Gunathilagaraj and Ganeshkumar, 1997). In the present study, a population of 104 lines derived from a cross between IR 64 and Azucena were screened for resistance to BPH. The population of 104 rice double haploid lines (DH lines) were derived from a F1 hybrid between IR 64, an indica variety adopted to irrigated conditions and Azucena, a traditional upland japonica variety at IRRI, Philippines through in vitro anther culture (Guiderdoni et al. 1992). The experiment was conducted at glasshouse in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during 19992000. The BPH was mass cultured in separate net house at the rear end of glasshouse on the susceptible variety TN 1 plants. Pre-germinated seeds of test lines were sown 3 cm apart in 60x40x10 cm wooden seed boxes filled with 5-7 cm depth clay soil. Each accession was sown in a row across the width of the seed box in such a way so as to have atleast 20 plants per row. Standard seedbox screening technique was followed for assessing the resistance at

the seedling stage. TN 1 and Ptb 33 were used as the susceptible and resistant check. The seed box was then transferred to galvanized iron trays filled with water after germination of seedlings. Seven days after sowing, seedlings were infested with first instar nymphs @ 1015 per seedling. After insect release the seed box was covered with mosquito net wire mesh cage. The lines were graded as per the 09 scale of Standard Evaluation System (SES) of rice (IRRI, 1988). The damage grading was done on row basis after 90 per cent seedlings of any one of the rice line or susceptible check TN 1 plants which ever dried earlier. Grade 0 1 3 5 7 9

Criteria No damage Very slight damage First and second leaves of most plants partially yellowing Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about half the plants wilted or dead More than half the plants wilted or dead and remaining plants severely stunted All plants dead

Mass screening of double haploid lines at the seedling stage showed significant difference between the lines (Table 1). Among the 104 DH lines screened, none showed resistance, 9 were moderately resistant, 27 moderately susceptible, 44 susceptible and 24 highly susceptible. The line DH 12, DH 146, DH 180, DH 240, DH 251, DH 262, DH 359, DH 391 and DH 398 were moderately resistant to BPH. The parent IR 64 was moderately susceptible with a damage rating of 5.66 and Azucena was highly susceptible with 9 as damage rate. Earlier IR 64 was reported as moderately resistant

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Resistance of double haploid rice lines to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)

Table 1. Reaction of rice double haploid (DH) lines to BPH* DH line

Score**

Reaction

DH line

Score**

Reaction

DH 5 DH 7 DH 10 DH 12 DH 13 DH 20 DH 25 DH 27 DH 31 DH 34 DH 35 DH 37 DH 41 DH 47 DH 48 DH 55 DH 57 DH 62 DH 67 DH 69 DH 74 DH 78 DH 82 DH 84 DH 88 DH 89 DH 94 DH 100 DH 107 DH 116 DH 124 DH 130 DH 326 DH 329 DH 331 DH 332 DH 333 DH 335 DH 336 DH 351 DH 355 DH 356 DH 359 DH 361 DH 374 DH 387 DH 388

7.66 9.00 6.33 3.00 9.00 7.00 9.00 6.33 8.33 7.66 9.00 9.00 7.00 9.00 7.00 7.00 8.33 7.00 5.00 9.00 7.66 9.00 9.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 5.66 9.00 6.33 9.00 8.33 5.00 7.00 6.33 7.67 9.00 8.33 6.33 8.33 7.00 7.66 9.00 3.00 7.00 5.00 5.66 5.66

s HS MS MR HS S HS MS S S HS HS S HS S S S S MS HS S HS HS S S S MS HS MS HS S MS S MS S HS S MS S S S HS MR S MS MS MS

DH 146 DH 159 DH 163 DH 178 DH 180 DH 183 DH 184 DH 187 DH 188 DH 192 DH 200 DH 205 DH 209 DH 210 DH 226 DH 228 DH 232 DH 236 DH 238 DH 240 DH 241 DH 251 DH 252 DH 262 DH 268 DH 272 DH 281 DH 284 DH 288 DH 291 DH 303 DH 313 DH 435 DH 436 DH 438 DH 440 DH 475 DH 478 DH 488 DH 489 DH 558 DH 579 DH 790 DH 1505 DH 1508 DH 1542 DH 1544

4.33 7.00 5.00 8.33 3.00 9.00 9.00 5.66 6.33 7.00 7.00 7.66 8.33 9.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 9.00 7.00 3.00 6.33 3.00 6.33 3.00 7.66 9.00 5.00 8.33 6.33 5.66 6.33 8.33 9.00 7.66 9.00 7.00 7.66 9.00 7.66 8.33 7.00 5.66 5.00 9.00 8.33 7.00 9.00

MR S MS S MR HS HS MS MS S S S S HS MS S MS HS S MR MS MR MS MR S HS MS S MS MS MS S HS S HS S S HS S S S MS MS HS S S HS contd...

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R.P. Soundararajan, K. Gunathilagaraj, M. Maheswaran and N. Chitra

DH line DH DH DH DH DH DH DH DH

389 391 398 403 412 417 424 429

Score**

Reaction

DH line

Score**

Reaction

9.00 3.66 3.66 8.33 6.33 5.66 8.33 6.33

HS MR MR S MS MS S MS

DH 1564 DH 1566 IR 64 Azucena TN 1 Ptb 33 Mean CD (P=0.05)

7.66 7.66 5.66 9.00 8.33 3.66 7.05 1.58

S S MS HS S MR

* Mean of three replications ** Damage rating as per the Standard Evaluation System (SES) for rice

(Cohen et al. 1997). Azucena was found highly susceptible confirming the earlier report of Alam and Cohen (1998). The resistant check Ptb 33 exhibited moderate level of resistance. Ptb 33 and TN 1 are routinely used as resistance and suscetible checks respectively in mass screening programmes (Choi et al. 1973). Ptb 33 was used as resistant donar since 1975 in resistant breeding programme also. Aruna, Remya and Kanakkam are some of the BPH resistant variety released in India using Ptb 33 as one of the parent plant (Bai et al. 1992). The double haploid lines derived from the parents showed a highly varied performance in the study. Nine of the lines reacted moderately resistant though the parents fall under moderately susceptible and highly susceptible category. The mean damage rating of DH lines was 6.98. The present study have showed the varied reaction of double haploid lines and possibility for development of moderately resistant lines for BPH resistance. References Alam, S.N. and Cohen, M.B. (1998). Durability of brown plant hopper. Nilaparvata lugens, resistance in rice variety IR 64 in greenhouse selection studies. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 41: 1-8. Bai, N.R., Nair, S.S., Devika, R., Regina, A., Leenakumary, S., Radhadevi, D.S. and Joseph, C.A. (1992). Brown plant hopper resistant varieties developed at Moncompu, Kerala. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 17: 10.

Chelliah, S. (1985). Genetics of resistance in rice to planthoppers and leafhoppers. In: Rice Genetics. Manila, Philippines : International Rice Research Institute, pp.513-622. Choi, S.Y., Song, Y.H., Lee, J.O. and Park, J.S. (1973). Studies on varietal resistance of rice to the whitebacked plant hopper, Sogatella furcifena Hovarth. Korean J. Plant Prot. 12: 139-142. Cohen, M.B., Alam, S.N., Medina, E.B. and Bernal, C.C. (1997). Brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens resistance in rice cultivar IR 64: Mechanism and role in successful N.lugens management, in Central Luzon, Philippines. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 85: 221-229. Guiderdoni, E., Galinato, E., Luisto, J. and Vergara, G. (1992). Anther culture of tropical japonica and indica hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica, 62: 219-224. Gunathilagaraj, K. and Ganeshkumar, M. (1997). Host plant resistance in rice: plant hoppers. Madras Agric. J. 84: 432-458. Heinrichs, E.A. (1979). Chemical control of the brown plant hopper. In: Brown plant hopper: Threat to Rice production in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, pp.142-170. IRRI (1988). Standard evaluation system for rice. III edition, Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 33 pp. Rapusas, H.R. and Heinrichs, E.A. (1987). Varietal resistance to insect pests in rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9: 9.

(Received: December 2000; Revised: December 2003)