Study Guide for Chapter 1 AP Human Geography Review these concepts and you will be prepared for the UNIT 1 Test. Make sure to study your notes as well as Chapter 1 in your textbook. I.

Geography and its Perspectives a. Key geographic concepts i. Location ii. Space iii. Place iv. Scale v. Pattern vi. Region vii. Interconnection / globalization b. What does it mean to be spatial? c. What are geographers’ skills? d. What are geographers studying? What problems do they try to solve?

II.

Mapping a. Reference maps (know how to read, how they are made and advantages thereof) i. Globes 1. Latitude versus Longitude (know the differences between them!) 2. Locating points on the globe ii. Compass Reading iii. Map Projections 1. Typical Distortions (conformality, distance, direction, scale, area) and Resolution a. Cylindrical b. Conic c. Azimuthal d. Equal Area e. Orthographic f. Mercator g. Fuller h. Robinson iv. relief v. GIS/GPS b. Thematic Maps (how to read, how they are made and advantages thereof) i. Proportional Symbols Map ii. Location Charts iii. Dot Map iv. Choropleth maps v. Cartograms vi. Visualizations c. Cognitive Maps (how to read, how they are made and advantages thereof) i. Uses, hazards ii. Preference Maps d. Site versus Situation e. Distribution, Density and Patterns: Concentration, clustered and dispersed f. Environmental determinism versus cultural ecology (or possibilism) g. Absolute location and position h. Relative location and position i. Small scale versus Large Scale j. Accessibility, Connectivity, Topological Space, and Time Space Convergence k. Toponyms and place names l. Cultural Landscape movement i. Spatial diffusion 1. Hearth 2. Relocation diffusion ii. Expansion diffusion 1. Hierarchical diffusion

2. 3. III.

Contagious diffsuion Stimulus diffusion

History of Geography a. 3 branches of geography (Human, Physical, Geographic Techniques) b. Cartography and Navigation c. Eras of Geography i. Greek ii. Roman iii. Chinese iv. Islamic v. European (Age of Exploration) vi. Early Modern Era d. Notable Astronomers, Cartographers & Geographers i. Eratosthenes ii. Ptolemy iii. Copernicus iv. Alexander Von Humboldt v. Carl Sauer e. Geography today (new technologies) i. Environmental Determination ii. Possiblism iii. Positivism iv. Regional Geography v. Critical Geography vi. GPS (Global Positioning System) vii. RS (Remote Sensing) viii. GIS (Geographic Information System)