earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'ó ¨

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; trSwfpOf (1) aus;Zl;awmf&Sif

"r®'lwq&mawmfBuD; (t*¾r[mo'¨r®aZmwduaZ) (t*¾r[mur®|memp&d,) (yd#uwå,yg&*l) (0dod|'DCbmPu) (omoem"Z od&Dy0& "r®mp&d,) \ wynfh

"r®'lw t&SifaqudE´ (omoe"Z "r®mp&d,) (o'¨r®aeykn "r®mp&d,) (omoeaZmwdygv "r®mp&d,) A.G.T.I (Civil) ajzMum;onf/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; ar;qdkxm;csufrsm; 1/ w&m;bmvdkY tm;xkwfMuygovJ/ -1 2/ w&m; tm;xkwfcsif&if b,fw&m;udk -3 tm;xkwf&ygrvJ/ 3/ edAÁmefcsrf;omzkdY w&m;tm;xkwf&wm -6 vG,fulygovm;/ 4/ edAÁmefudk a&mufapEdkifwJh w&m;tm;xkwf -9 enf;udk tajccHusus em;vnfatmif &Sif;jyay;yg/ 5/ edAÁmefcsrf;omudk vdkcsifvdkY owdy|mef -15 w&m;tm;xkwfwm[m avmbyJ r[kwf ygvm;/ 6/ csrf;omrIudk&zdkY odoifhwJh tajccH -18 taMumif;awGudk ajymjyay;yg/ 7/ bm0emcsif;wlygvsuf orxeJY 0dyóem -22 uGJae&wJh oabmudk &Sif;jyyg/ 8/ owdy|mef? 0dyóembm0emw&m; tm; -26 rxkwfbl;ao;wJholawGtwGuf tm;xkwf

9/ 10/ 11/

12/

13/ 14/

15/

enf; tajccHudk nTefjyay;yg/ w&m;xdkifwJhtcg anmif;vdkY ajymif;&if; a&TU&if tjypfjzpfygovm;/ MumMumxdkifEdkifrS w&m; &ygovm;/ w&m;tm;xkwfolwdkif; xdkifaeNyD; ESmoD;0? EIwfcrf;zsm;udkom Munfhae &rSmygvm;/ w&m;tm;xkwfw,f? ½Iw,f? rSwfw,f? yGm;w,f? Munfhw,f? odw,fvdkY okH;EIef; ajymqdkaewmawGU&JU t"dyÜm,f uGJjym;csufawGudk ajymjyyg/ udk,feJYcE¨m cGJjcm;MunfhEdkif&r,fqdkwm em;vnfatmif &Sif;jyyg/ vrf;avQmufwJhtcg
-34 -38 -41

-46

-49 -51

-57

16/ 17/

18/

19/

20/

vIyf&Sm;wmudkvnf; jznf;jznf;? aES;aES; vkyfNyD; ½IyGm;&rSmygvm;/ w&m;tm;xkwf&mrSm orm"daumif; atmif Nidrfae&r,f r[kwfygvm;/ w&m;½IrSwfae&if; pdwfu vGifhoGm; ygw,f? pdwfxdef;wJh ae&mrSm vG,fwJh enf;&Sd&if ajymjyyg/ w&m;½IwJhtcg? ESmoD;0rSm xdwm udkvnf; odaew,f? atmufydkif; ajcaxmufu emwm? usifwm udkvnf; odaew,f? b,f[mudk ½I&rSmvJ/ ESmoD;0rSm wdk;wJh½kyfoabmudk at;at;aq;aq; MunfhaeEdkif ygw,f? 'gayr,fh aysmufaysmuf oGm;ygw,f? bmudk quf½I&rSmvJ/ w&m;tm;xkwf&if;eJY armovdk? touf½SLusyfovdk jzpfvmyg w,f/ b,fvdk rSm;aeovJ qdkwm

-61 -64

-68

-71

-74

21/

22/

23/ 24/

odcsifygw,f/ q&m0efawG vlem&JU vufaumuf0wf aoG;ckefEIef;wdkif;wJhtcg vIyfwJh½kyfudk awGUygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vIyfwmod&if w&m; &ygovm;/ 0dyóemw&m;[m tvkyf? tcsdef? ae&m £&d,mykwfra&G; ½IvdkY&w,fqdkayr,fh xrif;tdk;wnf&if;? pmoif&if;? tvkyf vkyf&if; ½Iwmr&yg/ bk&m;cef;xJ w&m; xdkifrSom &ygw,f/ vdktyfwmudk ajymjy ay;yg/ ]]a0'emukefrS edAÁmef&}} qdkwmudk &Sif;jyay;yg/ w&m; tm;xkwfwJholeJY tm;rxkwf wJhol bmuGmjcm;ygovJ/ —™

—™

—™

-78

-81

-85 -91

yefMum;avQmufxm;vTm —™

—™

—™

aus;Zl;awmf&Sif "r®'lwq&mawmfBuD;bk&m;? oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdaeqJ "r®'lw omoemjyK c&D;awGudk qufvuf
uav;awGvnf; em;vnfEikd w f ,f/ tJ'yD pHk H erlem,lNyD; Ak'b ¨ mom omoemeJY Ak', ¨ Ofaus;rIawGukd uav;awG em;vnfatmif pmtkyaf &;prf;yg/ t*Fvyd v f ykd g wGaJ &; aygh}} wJ/h aemufNyD; &efukef? wmarG? ysm;&nfukef;&yf? (148) vrf;? 0dyóemw&m; oifwef;rSm ]]wynfh awmfu w&m; aocsmodcifwhJ olawG&UJ ar;wmawGukd ajzwmrsK;d oabmusw,f/ ajzcsiw f ,f/ wdu k ½f u kd f ar; wkduf½dkufajzqdkawmh tusKd;rsm;wmaygh/ t&Sifbk&m; ajzxm;wmawGvnf; raysmufysufygapeJY/ tvd&k w dS hJ olawGtwGuf todw;kd atmif/ em;vnfatmif/ tok;H 0ifatmif 'grsKd;awG pmtkyt f jzpf vkyaf y;&r,f/ pmaytwdkif; aocsm tm;xkwfNyD; trsm; em;vnfatmifom ajymjy oifjyprf;yg/ wu,f tusKd;rsm;ygw,f}} wJh? aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfBuD;&JU tqkH;tr pum; awGeJY jzpfapcsifwJh qE´awG[m bk&m;wynfhawmf&JU pdwfESvkH;xJrSm tjynfhtvQH &Sdaeygw,f bk&m;/

w&m;oifwef;tar;tajz? w&m;ppfwJhtcg a,m*D a wG t wG u f &S i f ; jycsuf a wG u d k eD ; pyf & m q&mawmf? oHCmawmfrsm;udk avQmufxm;cJhygw,f/ q&mawmf rsm;uvnf; pmtkyfpmay taeeJYjzpfzkdY wdkufwGef;tm;ay; Muygw,f bk&m;/ a,m*Dy&dowf? oifwef;ol oifwef;om;? 'um'umrawGuvnf; bk&m;wynfhawmf&JU tar; tajzawGudk &Sif;w,f/ em;vnfvG,fw,fvdkU ajymMu ygw,f/ w&m;tm;xkwf&mrSmvnf; taxmuftul jyKvdkY todÓPfawGvnf; wdk;yGm;ygw,f? rSwfwrf; rSwf&m pmapmifpmtkyftaeeJY pDpOfay;zdkY avQmufxm; Muygw,f bk&m;/ bk&m;wynfhawmfvnf; pmtkyfpmay taeeJY jzpfvdkwJh qE´u wpfaMumif;/ q&mawmf oHCmawmf wkdY&JU wdkufwGef;rIu wpfaMumif;/ 'um'umrawG&JU tm;ay;rIu wpfaMumif;/ oifwef;ol oifoef;m;? a,m*D? 'um 'umr? y&dowfawG&JU tvkd&SdrIu wpfaMumif;? aus;Zl;awmf&Sif q&mawmfBuD;&JU jzpfap

vdkwJh qE´? nTefMum;rI tqkH;tru wpfaMumif;/ 'dkYtaruç omoemtwGufç 'dkYudk arG;cJhw,f/ 'dkYtazuç omoemtwGufç 'dkYudk auR;cJhw,f/ 'dYq k &muç omoemtwGuçf 'dYu k kd tarGay;cJw h ,f/ 'dYky&dowfuç omoemtwGuçf 'dYkukd apwemtm; ay;cJhw,f/ qdkwJh bk&m;wynfhawmf&JU ESvkH;oGif;awGu wpfaMumif;? taMumif;aMumif;awGaMumifh tckvkd 0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; trSwpf Of (1) [m aygufzGm;vmcJh&ygw,f bk&m;/ "r®'lwc&D;
tm;enf;csufawGudk tm;remwrf; oem;ojzifh tjypfukd axmufjy qk;H rawmfrMl uzkYd bk&m;wynfah wmf yefMum; avQmufxm;vdkufygOD;r,f bk&m;/ tqkH;trrsm;udk apmifharQmfvQuf

wynfh "r®'lw t&SifaqudE´? pmcs? "r®uxdu? ur®|memp&d,? "r®'lw em,u tzGJU0if? omoe"Z - o'¨r®aeykn omoeaZmwdygv"r®mp&d,/ A.G.T.I (Civil) "r®'lwawm&? awmifpGef;? bDvif;NrdKUe,f? rGefjynfe,f/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

1

ar; - w&m; bmvdkY tm;xkwfMuygovJ/ ajz - aumif;usKd;csrf;omudk vdkvm;vdkY w&m; tm;xkwfMuygw,f/ oHo&mrS xGufajrmufcsifvdkY? 0#f'ku©qif;&JrS uif;a0;csiv f Ykd? tyg,fruscsiv f Ykd qdNk yD; tajzay;&ifvJ rSefygw,f/ qif;&J'ku©rsKd;pHkrS vGwfajrmufNyD; edAÁmef csrf;om&zdkYvdkY ajz&ifvnf; rSefwmyJ/ csrf;omqdkwm avmuDcsrf;om? avmukwå&m csrf;om/ vlwYkd&UJ umr*kPcf sr;f om? ewfwYkd&UJ umr*kPf csrf;om? jA[®mwdkY&JU psmefcsrf;om? 0dyóemcsrf;om? r*fcsrf;om? zdkvf csrf;om? edAÁmefcsrf;omvdkYvnf; tqifhtwef;tvdkuf (7) rsKd; &dSw,f/ &SmazGvdkY&&dSwJhcsrf;om? &&dSwmudk cHpm;wJh csr;f om? cHpm;wJt h cg ta
2

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

wu,fwrf;uawmh tckvufiif;a&m? aemif tcsdeaf wGrmS yg ud, k cf srf;om? pdwcf srf;omjzpfNyD; edAmÁ ef csrf;omudk &&dS? a&muf&dScsifvdkY w&m;tm;xkwfMu wmyg/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

3

- w&m;tm;xkwfcsif&if b,fw&m;udk tm;xk w f & ygrvJ / ajz - w&m;qdw k m ygVdpum; ]]"r®}} udk ac:yg w,f/ "r®&JU t"dyÜm,fawGu oabmw&m;? y&d,wdå pmay? rSefuefwJh opöm? todÓPf? odoifhwJh w&m;? taMumif;tusKd; pwJh teuft"dyÜm,fawG &Sdygw,f/ aumif;usKd;csrf;omudk vdkvm;vdkY? w&m;tm; xkwfMuwJh olawGtwGuf aumif;usKd; csrf;om &ap Edik w f t hJ aMumif;? ukov kd t f vky?f ukov kd w f &m;udk tm; xkwf&ygr,f/ ukodkvfuvGJvdkY aumif;usKd; csrf;om ay;EdkifwJh w&m;qdkwm r&Sdygbl;/ ukodkvfu 'ge- tvSLay;wm/ oDv udk,fEIwfudk apmifhxdef;wJh pnf;urf; &Sdwm/ orxrdrdpdwfudk tjypfuif;NyD; wnfMunf Nidrf;csrf;atmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufwm/ 0dyóem - oabmw&m; t&SdtrSefudk w&m;oabm&,fvdkY todÓPfeJY t&Sd twdik ;f trSet f wdik ;f Munfah e? odaewmvkYd (4) rsKd;&Syd g w,f/ BuD;oludk ½dkaowm? a0,sm0pö vkyfay;wm?

4

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

w&m;emwm? w&m;a[mwm? trQay;a0wm? om"k ac:wm? avmuudk oabmayguf em;vnfNyD; tjrif rSefeJY MunfhwwfwmawG[mvnf; ukodkvf jzpfapwJh w&m;awGaygh/ ukov kd jf zpfae&if tNrJwrf; aumif;usK;d csr;f om awG &aew,f/ tukov kd t f jypf? raumif;usKd; qd;k 'ku© awGvnf; uif;aysmufaew,f/ ukodkvf jzpfaeol[m udk,fhpdwfxJrSmudkyJ Munfvif at;csrf;NyD; csrf;om&JU t&omudk udk,fwdkif jrifae? odaew,f/ 'Davmuf aumif;usKd; csrf;om ay;wJh ukov kd u f kd vdck sif? &csif&if awmh oifah wmfreS u f efwhJ ESv;Hk oGi;f pdwx f m;udk tNrJwrf; vufudkifxm;&r,f/ ukov kd u f aumif;usKd;csrf;omay;wJh oabm taeeJY wpfrsKd;wnf;yg/ 'gayrJh 'geu pD;yGm; Opöm jynfhpkH&&SdrIudkvnf; xyfNyD; tusKd;ay;w,f/ oDvu touf&Snf usef;rmapw,f/ orxu ESvkH;pdwf0rf; at;csr;f wnfMunfru I kd &apw,f/ todÓPf wd;k wuf wJh tusKd;udkawmh 0dyóemu ay;pGrf;Edkifw,f/ aumif;usKd; csrf;om trsKd;rsKd;udk pkHaeatmif

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

5

&csi?f cHpm;csiw f hJ olawGtwGuf ukov dk u f v kd nf; trsK;d pkH atmifvkyfMuzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f/ ukodkvfw&m;udk tm; xkwf&r,f/ oD;jcm;taeeJY ud, k cf sr;f om? pdwcf sr;f omatmif aewwfNyD;? edAmÁ efcsrf;omtxd tvd&k w dS ,fq&kd if owd y|mefw&m;udk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

6

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- edAmÁ efcsr;f om &zdYk w&m;tm;xkw&f wm vG,fulygovm;/ ajz - edAmÁ ef&zdYk owdy|mefw&m;tm;xkw&f wm ]]vG,fygw,f}} vkdY ajz&if edAÁmef? edAÁmefeJYpyfwJh w&m; awGudk ayghayghqq *½krpdkufbJ ajzvdkufovdk jzpfvYdk w&m;awmfukd rav;pm;&m? *g&0 r&S&d m a&mufomG ; Edkifygw,f/ 'gjzifh ]]b,fvG,fyghrvJ? rvG,fulbl;}} vkdY ajz&ifvnf; edAÁmefcsrf;omudk vdkvm;MuwJh trsKd; aumif;om;? trsK;d aumif;orD;awG&UJ o'¨g? qE´? 0D&, d awGudk avsmhenf;oGm;apwwfvkdY 'Dvkdvnf; rajzoifh ygbl;/ xrif;tdk;wnfwmeJY av,mOfysHarmif;wm b,f[m vG,o f vJar;&if xrif;td;k wnfwm vG,yf g w,fvdkY vTwfceJ ajzMurSmyg/ xrif;tdk;wnfwwf ayr,fh av,mOfrarmif;wwf? av,mOfarmif;wwf ayr,fh xrif;tdk;rwnfwwf? ESpfrsKd;vkH; vkyfwwf? ESpfrsKd;vkH; rvkyfwwfwJh olawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/ wu,fwrf;usawmh xrif;tdk; wnfwmyJ

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

7

jzpfjzpf? av,mOfarmif;wmyJ jzpfjzpf? b,ftvkyfyJ jzpfjzpf? vkycf sifpw d &f ,f? vkyw f wfwm&,f/ vkyaf eus &,f (3) rsKd;pkH&if vG,fw,f/ rpkH&if rvG,fbl;/ edAÁmef&zdkY owdy|mef tvkyfvnf; 'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ vkyfcsifwJh pdwfqE´&,f? vkyfwwfwJh tod ÓPf&,f? vkyaf eus 0D&, d &,f 'Do;Hk rsK;d jynfph &Hk if vG,f w,f/ 'DokH;rsKd; rjynfhpkH&if rvG,fbl;/ pdwå? qE´? 0DrHo? 0D&d, qdkwJh owdåawG tm;aumif;zkdY ta&;BuD; wmygyJ/ edAÁmef&zdkY owdy|mefw&m; tm;xkwfw,f qdkwm bm0em ukodkvfyg/ pdk;&drfaomuudk aysmufap w,f/ idka
8

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

wJh tjypfjzpfapwJh udavom eD0&PawGukd z,f&Sm; ypfaewJh tvkyfudk bm0emvkdY ac:ygw,f/ pdwftvkyfudk vkyfw,fqdkawmh edAÁmefudk vdkcsifwJh pdwfqE´ &Sd&r,f/ edAÁmefudk a&mufapEdkifwJh owdy|mef? r*¾iw f &m; tvkyu f kd vkyw f wf&r,f/ vkyf vnf; vkyfaeus jzpf&w,f/ tJ'Dvdkqdk&if edAÁmefudk&zdkY aocsmoGm;w,f/ vG,fuloGm;ygw,f/

—™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

9

- edAmÁ efukd a&mufapEdik w f hJ w&m;tm;xkwf enf;udk tajccHususem;vnfatmif &Si;f jyay;yg/ ajz - edAÁmefudk a&mufapEdkifwJh r*¾ifw&m; jzpf apwJh tm;xkwrf u I awmh owdy|mefw&m; tm;xkww f ,fryI J jzpfw,f/ owdy|meftm;xkwfw,fqdkwm owdxm; &wm/ rdrd&JU pdwfxJrSm owdtNrJ &SdaezkdY t"duygyJ/ em;vnfatmifajym&if odp&mrsK;d pkH tm½Hak wGeYJ 'Dodp&m tm½HkawGudk odwwfwJh pdwfqdkwm (2) rsKd;&Sd w,f/ odwwfwJh pdwf[m b,fvdkodp&mtm½Hkudk rqdk odwwfw,f/ owdr&SdwJh pdwf[m raumif;wJh tm½Hkudk ta&mufrsm;NyD; raumif;wJh pdwf jzpfwwfw,f/ raumif;usK;d &wwfw,f/ owd&w dS hJ pdwu f aumif;wJh tm½Hu k kd ta&mufrsm;NyD; xm;ovdk aew,f/ aumif;wJh pdwfvnf; jzpfw,f/ aumif;usKd;awGvnf; &Edkifw,f/ pdwfudk owd&Sdatmifxm;&wJh owdy|mef w&m;[m wpfrsK;d wnf; jzpfayr,fh owdxm;p&m tm½Hk awGu av;rsK;d uGo J mG ;vkYd owdy|mef av;yg;vkYd jzpfvm

10

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

w,f/ ½kycf E¨m? ½ky"f mwfawG pkaygif;xm;wJh um, t½IcHtm½Hk/ pdwfeJY tNrJ,SOfNyD; tm½Hk&JU t&omudk aumif; aumif;qdk;qdk; cHpm;wwfwJh a0'em t½IcHtm½Hk/ tm½Hek YJ qHw k ikd ;f çqkw H ikd ;f tm½Hu k kd odaewJh pdwf t½IcH tm½Hk/ ½kyf"mwf? emrf"mwfwkdY&JU oabmw&m; "r® t½IcHtm½Hk vkdY (4) rsKd; &Sdw,f/ um,mEkyóem owdy|mef? a0'emEkyóem owdy|mef? pdwmå Ekyóyem owdy|mef? "r®mEkyóem owdy|mefvkdY ac:ygw,f/ um,qdkwmu ½kyf"mwf? ½kyfuvmyfawG &m;vkYd ac:Edik yf g aygif;pyfzUJG pnf;aewJh oabmrdYk ½kyfw&m; w,f/ a0'emqdw k mu pdwef YJ tNrJ,OS w f aJG ewJh cHpm;rI emrfw&m; jzpfw,f/ tm½Hkudk odwwf? nTwfwwfwJh &m;/ oabmw&m;rQom&SdwJh "r® pdwfuvnf; emrfw&m; qdkwmuvnf; ½kyf"r®? emrf"r®? ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m; &,fvkdY oabmwl&m wl&m cGJjcm;Edkifjyefawmh t½IcH

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

11

tm½HkawG[m ½kyftm½HkyJ &Sdygw,f/ w&m;tm;xkww f hJ a,m*DyJ jzpfjzpf? tm;rxkwf wJo h yl J jzpfjzpf? ½kyw f &m;? emrfw&m;awGeYJ zGUJ pnf;xm;wm yg/ a,mufsm;? rdef;r? vlBuD;? vli,fqdkwmawG[m tac:ta0: owfrSwfcsufawGyg/ wu,f &Sdwmu ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;yJ &Sdygw,f/ ½kyo f abmu ud, k af umifBuD; wpfcv k ;Hk eJYpyfNyD;? trsKd;rsKd; azmufjyef ajymif;vJaeMuygw,f/ udk,frSm jzpfay:wwfwJh ylrI? at;rI? emrI? usifrI? wkd;rI? vIyfrI? NidrfrI? xdrI? rmrI? aysmhrI pwmawG[m ½kyfoabm awGygyJ/ emrfoabmu pdwf? pdwfeJY pyfNyD; tm½Hkudk odwwf? nTwfwwf? a&mufwwfwJh oabm/ pdwfrSm jzpfwhJ vdck sifr?I cGiv hf w T rf ?I oabmusrI? oabmrusrI? tdyfcsifidkufjrnf;rI? tjrifrSm;rI pwJh oabmawG[m emrfw&m; oabmawGaygh/ ½kyfemrfqdkwJh 'Doabm (2) rsKd;om rdrdrSm &Sw d mudk uGu J jJG ym;jym; od&atmifvYkd 'Dvpkd w d u f ;l ÓPfeYJ oabmtrSef odatmif cGJjcm;Munfh&atmif/

12

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

rdrv d Ydk ac:wJh vltppf&,f? rdred YJ cGrJ &atmifww l hJ ajrjzL yvyfprmeJY xkvkyfxm;wJh ykHpHwl ½kyftwk&,f vkdY (2) rsKd; xdkifaewJh ykHpHeJY &Sdw,fqdkygpdkY/ wjcm; wpfa,mufu ajcmufaygifav;wJh oHwleJY ESpfa,muf vk;H &JU acgif;udk xkcv JG u kd &f ifb,fou l NJG y;D ? b,fol odrvJ/ twka&m tppfyg uGNJ yD;? uGw J mudk vltppfu odw,f/ "m;wpfvufeYJ vufukd ckwjf zwfvu kd &f if twk a&m tppfyg jywfNy;D ? jywfwmudk vltppfu odw,f/ ajcrç wpfacsmif;udk xkajcvdkuf&if twka&m tppfyg uGw J ,f? aMuw,f? yJw h ,f? emw,f? yGe;f w,f/ uGw J m? aMuwm? yJhwm? emwm? yGef;wmudkawmh vltppfuom odEikd w f ,f/ rD;eJY wdu k Nf yD; ½IUd &ifvnf; twka&m tppfyg rD;avmifvdkY ylNyD; ylwmudkawmh vltppfuom odyg w,f/ uGJoabmeJY uGJoabmudk odrI/ jywfoabmeJY jywfoabmudk odrI/ yJhoabmeJY yJhoabmudk odrI/ emoabmeJY emoabmudk odrI/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

13

yGef;oabmeJY yGef;oabmudk odrI/ yloabmeJY yloabmudk odrv I Ydk cGjJ cm;em;vnf Edkifygw,f/ uGJw,f? jywfw,f? yJhw,f? emw,f? yGef; w,f? ylw,f qdkwJh oabmawG[m udk,faumifBuD;eJY pyfNyD;awmhjzpfwhJ azmufjyefajymif;vJro I abmyg/ ygVdvkd ½lyH? jrefrmvdk azmufjyefajymif;vJrI ½kyfw&m;aygh/ ud, k ef YJ pyfNyD; jzpfay:aewJh ½kyo f abmtwdik ;f udk odçod aewwfwJh pdwf? aemufNyD; pOf;pm;p&m tm½Hw k ikd ;f udk pOf;pm; aewwfwhJ pdw?f tm½Hu k kd jyKwwf? nTww f wf? odwwfwphJ w d u f kd ygVdvkd emrH? jrefrmvdak wmh emrfw&m;vdkY ac:w,f/ owduyfNyD; 'D½kyf? 'Demrfw&m;awGudk ]]½kyf}} ]]emrf}} &,fvYdk odçodaewmudk tEkyóem owdy|mef jzpfw,fvYkd ac:w,f/ ½kyçf ½ky?f emrfçemrf&,fvYkd EIwu f qd&k wmr[kw/f pdwu f &Gw&f wm r[kwb f ;l / azmufjyef wwfwJh oabm/ odwwf? nTwfwwfwJh oabmvkdY em;vnftod&adS e&if tEkyóem owdy|mefjzpfygw,f/ tEk qdw k m xyfcgxyfcg tm;xkwrf I (0D&, d )?

14

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

yóem qdkwm jrifatmif MunfhaewwfwJh todÓPf (ynm)? owdy|mef qdw k m trSw&f rI? trSw&f rSd I (owd) udk ac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh t½IcH jzpfwJh tm½Hk½kyfw&m;? emrf w&m;udk owd? 0D&d,? ynmeJY oabmtrSeftwdkif; odatmif xyfcgxyfcg trSwfw& ½IMunfhaejcif;udk tEkyóem owdy|mefvYdkac:ygw,f/ owdy|mefw&m; tm;xkwfaejcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

15

- edAÁmefcsrf;omudk vdkcsifvdkY owdy|mef w&m; tm;xkww f m[m avmbyJ r[kwf ygvm;/ ajz - vdkcsifrIu ESpfrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ taMumif;tusKd;udkvnf; em;rvnf? &&SdEdkifzkdY enf;vrf;jzpfwJh tvkyfudkvnf; rvkyf? bmrS aoao csmcsm em;vnfrI r&SdbJ &zdkY? ydkifqdkifzkdY wpfckwnf;om MunfNh yD; vdck sirf o I abmoufoufu wpfrsK;d / taMumif; tusK;d vnf; em;vnf? &Edik af Mumif; enf;vrf; tvkyu f kd vnf; od&r,fvdkY ,kHMunfrIvnf; tjynfheJY vkyf,lwJh vdkcsifrIoabmu wpfrsKd;vdkY ESpfrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ EGm;ausmif;om;i,f wpfa,mufu EGm;ausmif; xGufw,f qdkygpdkY/ EGm;ausmif;om;awG&JU xkH;pHtwdkif; EGm;vnf; ausmif;&if;? iSufvnf; ypf&if;aygh/ vuf wpfzufu av;cGeJY? yckH;vG,fxm;wJh vG,ftdwf xJrSmvnf; avmufpmvkH;awGeJYaygh/ ykqdk;ta[mif; uvnf; wkdwkd0wfxm;w,f/ EGm;ausmif;ae&if; opfyifay:rSm iSuf wpfaumifudk awGUw,f/ 'Dawmh iSufudk vdkcsifw,f/

16

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ypfvnf; ypfcsifw,f/ iSufudk ypfzkdY avmufpmvkH; udkvnf; vdkcsifvdkY vG,ftdwfxJudk EIduf&w,f/ avmufpmvkH;udk MunfhNyD; EIdufrvm;? iSufudk MunfhNyD; EIdufrvm;/ ]]ysHoGm;awmhrSmyJ? vGwfoGm;awmhrSmyJ}} qdkwJh pdk;&drfpdwf wef;vef;eJY iSufudkvnf; vdkcsifvdkY Munfhae w,f/ vG,ftdwfxJrSm avmufpmvkH; &Sdw,f/ EIduf,l vdkuf&if &r,fvdkYvnf; odw,f/ ,kHvnf; ,kHMunf w,f/ EIduf,lw,f/ vG,ftdwfxJudkawmh ikHYrMunfh bl;/ EIduf,lwJh tvkyfyJ vkyfw,f/ &vnf; &w,f/ raocsmbJ iSufudk pdk;&drfylyefpdwfeJY vdkcsifae wmu avmbvdkcsifrIvdkY ac:w,f/ 'Dv, G t f w d x f rJ mS 'Dvkd &Sw d ,f/ 'Dvkd EIu d , f &l if &r,f/ EdIufvnf; EdIuf,lw,f/ aocsmayguf &w,f qdw k hJ tvkyrf sK;d udk vkyNf yD; vdck sirf u I awmh qE´vckd sirf v I Ykd ac:w,f/ vdkcsifrI ESpfrsKd;u uGmjcm;ygw,f/ omrefavmuD udpö&yfawGrSmudkyJ avmb oabmeJY qE´oabm vdkcsifrIawG[m uGJjym;jcm;em; odomygw,f/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

17

umr*kPt f m½Hak wGukd vdck sirf eI YJ edAmÁ efuv kd ckd sirf I oabm[m ydkNyD; uGJuGJjym;jym; odomygw,f/ edAmÁ efukd vdck sirf ?I edAmÁ efukd &ap? a&mufapEdik w f hJ tvkyjf zpfwhJ r*¾if&pS yf g;? owdy|mefw&m; tm;xkwrf I awG[m avmb? vdck sifrI r[kwyf gbl;/ aumif;jrwfwhJ qE´ vdkcsifrIom jzpfygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

18

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- csrf;omrIudk &zdkY odoifhwJh tajccH taMumif ; awG u d k ajymjyay;yg/ ajz - csrf;omqdkwmudk udk,fcsrf;om? pdwf csrf;om? edAÁmefcsrf;omvdkY okH;rsKd; cGJjcm;xm;vdkufyg/ udk,fqif;&JrI 'ku©? pdwfqif;&JrI a'greó wef;vef;eJYawmh opömav;yg;w&m;udk xdk;xGif;NyD; rodEdkifbl;/ udk,fcsrf;omrI okc? pdwfcsrf;omrI aomreóeJYom opömav;yg;w&m;udk xdk;xGif;odEdkif w,f/ edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &Edkif? a&mufEdkif? rsufarSmuf jyKEdkifw,fvdkY bk&m;&Sif rdefYawmfrlw,f/ omref yk*d¾KvfawGtaeeJY udk,fqif;&Jwmudk taMumif;jyKNyD; pdwq f if;&JwwfMuw,f/ pdwq f if;&JwhJ tukodkvf pdwfeJY edAÁmefudk rjrifEdkifbl;/ udk,fcsrf;om &ifawmh pdwcf sr;f om jzpfwwfMuw,f/ pdwcf sr;f omwJh ukodkvfpdwfeJY edAÁmefcsrf;omudk jrifEdkif awGUEdkifw,f/ 'ghaMumifh edAmÁ efcsr;f om&vdw k hJ olawG[m ud, k cf sr;f om? pdwcf sr;f om jzpfatmifawmh aewwf&r,f/ owdy|mef w&m; vufudkifxm;NyD;vnf; aewwf&r,f/ owdorÜZOf todÓPf,OS w f hJ pdwef YJ avmuudk

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

19

oabmayguf em;vnfNyD; udk,fcsrf;om pdwfcsrf;om atmif aewwf&w,f/ &moDOwktaeeJY ylvGef;&if? at;vGef;&if udk,fqif;&JrIudk jzpfapw,f/ &moDOwk azmufjyefrI vGeu f rJ eI YJ awGUBuHK&if jyKjyifNyD; OwknrD Qatmif aewwf &w,f/ 'grS udk,fcsrf;omw,f/ tpm;taomuf udprö mS vnf; rwnfw h m rpm; &bl;? vGefvGefuJuJvnf; rpm;&bl;/ oifhawmfwJh tpmudk rQw½Hyk J pm;&w,f/ usef;rma&;eJY avsmfwmudk pm;&w,f/ 'grSvnf; udk,fcsrf;omw,f/ udk,fqif;&J tyifyef;cHvGef;wJh yk*dK¾ vfawGeJY vnf; twloGm;? twlvm? twlae raeoifhbl;/ bmvkdYvnf; qkd&if olwkdYeJY taersm;NyD; olwkdY vkyfwJh tvkyfrsKd;udk oabmus t[kwfxif twkvdkufNyD; vkyf&if udk,fvnf;yJ qif;&Jyifyrf;rSmyJ/ olwkdYeJYvnf; a&Smif&r,f/ ud, k u f , kd w f ikd v f nf; rpGr;f Edik w f hJ vGeu f w J hJ ud, k t f m;xkwrf ?I yifyef;cHrI tvkyrf sKd;udk a&Smif&w,f/ aemufwpfckç aexdkifenf;u ydkNyD; ta&;BuD; w,f/ txkdif MumvkdY jzpfjzpf? t&yf MumvkdY jzpfjzpf

20

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

£&d,mykwf trlt,m wpfrsKd;wnf;eJY taeMum&if emusifudkufcJrI udk,fa&m*gawG jyif;jyif;xefxef jzpfvmw,f/ ud, k q f if;&J yifyrf;w,f/ ud, k cf sr;f omzkYd twGuf £&d,mykwf trlt,mawGudk oifhawmfwJh tcsed rf mS oifah wmfovdk ajymif;ay;? a&TUay;? jyKjyifay;& w,f/ pdwcf srf;omatmif aezkYd uawmh rdr&d UJ pdwu f kd ukov kd pf w d jf zpfatmif aeay;&r,f/ ukov kd jf zpfrf S pdwf csr;f omw,f/ ukov kd pf w d jf zpfcsi&f if aumif;wJt h m½Hrk mS aumif;wJh pdwjf zpfatmif xm;Edik &f w,f/ pdwq f w kd mu tm½kHraumif;&if pdwfraumif; jzpfwwfw,f/ pdwf qif;&Jw,f/ tm½Hkaumif;&ifawmh pdwfaumif; pdwf csrf;omrIudk &Edkifw,f/ 'ghaMumifh ukodkvfpdwfaumif; jzpfzYdk tm½Hak umif;eJY aewwf&w,f/ 'gu wpfenf;aygh/ aemufwpfenf;uawmh tm½Hkaumif;aumif;? raumif;aumif; rdrpd w d f aumif;aezkYd y/J rdrpd w d af umif; zkYdq&kd if pdwx f rJ mS owd? 0D&, d ? todÓPfawG tNrJ&adS e &r,f/ tm½Hkaumif;udkom a&G;r&SmbJ pdwfudk aumif; atmif xm;wJh enf;vdkY ac:w,f/ tm½Hk&JU oabmudk

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

21

trSet f wdik ;f odatmif Munfah eEdik w f hJ owd0&D , d tod ÓPf&Sdae&if tNrJwrf; pdwfcsrf;omygr,f/ pdwfcsrf;omjzpfzdkY tm½Hkaumif;udk ajymif;NyD; MunfhaeEdkifatmif BudK;pm;xm;wmu orx bm0em pdwf/ pdwfaumif;? pdwfcsrf;omjzpfzkdY tm½Hkaumif; aumif;? raumif;aumif;? tm½Hkudk rajymif;bJ udk,fh pdwfrSmom owd? tod&Sdaeatmif BudK;pm;aewmu 0dyóem bm0empdwf/ 'DoabmawG[m udk,fcsrf;om? pdwfcsrf;om? edAÁmefcsrf;om&zkdY odxm;oifhwJh tajccHtaMumif;awG ygyJ/ —™ —™ —™

22

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- bm0emcsi;f wlygv gvss uf orxeJY 0dyóem uGJae&wJh oabmudk &Sif;jyyg/ ajz - avmbç a'goç rmefrme pwJh raumif; wJhowdåawG avsmhenf;apNyD;? uif;apNyD;? o'¨gç 0D&d,ç owdç ynmqdw k hJ owdaå umif;? "mwfaumif;awG rdr&d UJ pdwf"mwfrSm wdk;yGm; wdk;yGm;NyD;vmapwmu bm0em tvkyfyg/ orx bm0emu tm½Hu k kd rxif&mS ;? rodom atmif zkH;uG,fxm;wJh eD0&PawGudk z,fcGmxm; Edik w f ,f/ 0dyóem bm0emuawmh raumif;usK;d qif;&J 'kut © rsK;d rsK;d udak y;Edik w f hJ udavomawGukd z,fEikd w f ,f/ orxa&m 0dyóemyg ukov kd f pdw"f mwfaumif;awGukd wd;k yGm;vmapwmjcif;uawmh twlwyl gyJ/ owdw&m; udk tajccHxm;NyD; tm;xkwf&wmvnf; twlwlygyJ/ owdtm;aumif;wJhtcg tm½Hkay:rSm pdwf&JU wnfaerI? tJ'w D nfaerIrmS Munfvifapwwfwo hJ abm? wnfMunfrI orm"d[m tm;aumif;vmwwfw,f/ orm"dtm;aumif;vkYd orm"duom OD;aqmifNyD; ½IymG ;wJh bm0emudk orxbm0emvkdY ac:w,f/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

23

owdtm;aumif;wJhtcg tm½Hk&JU t&Sdtwdkif; trSefoabmw&m;udk &SdwJh? rSefwJhtwdkif; odwwfwJh todÓPfynm[mvnf; tm;aumif;vmwwfw,f/ tm;aumif;wJh todÓPfynmu OD;aqmifNyD; ½IymG ;wJh bm0emudkawmh 0dyóembm0emvdkY ac:ygw,f/ orxtm½Hu k uodP k ;f edrw d ?f ynwftm½Hrk sm; w,f/ rdrd ESv;Hk oGi;f vdw k hJ tm½Hu k kd a&G;cs,Nf yD; ESv;Hk oGi;f w,f/ 0dyóem tm½Hu k ½kyef mrfocFg& y&rwfw&m; wkYd&UJ t&St d wdik ;f tm½Hak wGukd t&St d rSet f wdik ;f odatmif Munf&h wmjzpfw,f/ orx tm;xkw&f if tvky?f ae&m? tcsdef? £&d,mykwf a&G;aewm rsm;w,f/ 0dyóemu tvkyrf a&G; vkyu f ikd &f if; ½IEikd w f ,f/ ae&mra&G; aexdik f &if; yGm;rsm;Edik w f ,f/ tcsed t f cgra&G; tNrw J rf; tm;xkwf Edkifw,f/ £&d,mykwf trlt,m ra&G; ajymif;jyif&if; vnf; ½IrSwfyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfEdkifw,f/ orxeJY 0dyóem uGmjcm;wmudk odomatmif qdk&if rdrdu rdrdtdrfrSm rdrdydkifwJh tay:puf wDAGD? atmufpuf AD', D ekd YJ AD', D w kd w d af cG ½ky&f iS u f m;udk xnfNh yD; Munfhaew,f qdkygpkdY/

24

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

toH wdk;ae&if tus,f csJUay;vdkufrSmyJ/ ta&mif rdeS af e&if ta&mif wifay;vdu k rf mS yJ/ aemufNyD; jyaewJh um;udk rBudKuf&if BudKufwJhum;eJY ajymif;ypf vdu k w f myJ/ tNidru hf m;Munfch sif&if tNidru hf m;? ppfum; Munfch sif&if ppfum;aygh/ rdrMd unfch sifwhJ tacGukd rdrd BudKufovdk Munfhaewwfygw,f/ wu,fvYkd olrsm;tdrf a&mufaewJh tcsed rf mS olrsm;awGuvnf; tay:puf? atmufpufeJY AD'D,dk Munfhae&if rdrdvnf; MunfhrdaerSmyJ/ tJ'Dtcg toH wdk;&if 0ifNyD;toH csJUrvm;? ta&mif rSdef&if ta&mif wifrvm;? rdrd rBudKufwJh tacG jzpfae&if BudKufwJh tacGeJY tpm;xkd;vJNyD; Munfhrvm;/ b,fMunfhrvJ/ oljywJhtwdkif; MunfhrSmaygh/ rdrd&JU tdrf? rdrdydkifwJh? qdkifwJh ypönf;awGrS r[kwfbJ/ 'Davmufawmh oabmayguf em;vnfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk oabmayguf&if orxqdkwmu rdrMd unfch siw f hJ uodP k ;f edrw d f ynwftm½Hu k kd ESv;Hk oGi;f Munfhwm/ 0dyóem qdkwmu udk,feJYrqdkif udk,frydkif olYoabmtwdik ;f jyaewJh ½kyef mrfy&rwftm½H&k UJ t&Sdudk

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

25

t&Sdtwdkif; odaewm? Munfhaewmudk ac:ygw,f/ bm0emoabmcsi;f wlayr,fh tm½Hjk cif;? ESv;Hk oGi;f jcif;? OD;aqmifrIjcif; uGmjcm;ygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

26

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- owdy|mef? 0dyóembm0emw&m tm; rxkwb f ;l ao;wJo h al wGtwGut f m;xkwf enf; tajccHudk nTefjyay;yg/ ajz - tm;rxkwfbl;ao;wJh olawGtwGuf pNyD; tm;xkwfr,fqdk&if qdwNf idr&f mt&yfrmS wifyv’if acGxikd ?f touf½LS oGi;f ? ½SLxkwrf u I o kd wdxm;NyD;pdwu f kd tvkyaf y; xm;&ygw,f/ qdwfNidrf&mt&yfqw kd m orxtm;xkwo f al wG twGuf qlno H [ H m BuD;rm;wJh taESmift h ,Suu f kd ay; wwfygw,f/ 0dyóem tm;xkwfol twGufawmh ½IyGm; wwfoq l &kd if tJ'q D n l o H H ½kyw f &m;udk em;tMunf"mwf ½kyfw&m;eJY xdwJhtcg Mum;odpdwf? jzpfrIawGudk ½kyw f &m;? emrfw&m;&,fvYkd t½IcH tm½Hk xm;NyD; ½IEikd yf g w,f/ 'gayr,fh 0dyóemudk pNyD; tm;xkwfoludk awmh qlnHoHu bm0em pdwftvkyf taESmifht,Suf jzpfatmif xdkufoifhoavmuf ay;wwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh qlnHoHenf;wJh awm? awmif? csKdifh0Srf;?

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

27

vdkPf*lpwJh qdwfNidrf&mt&yfrSm pwif tm;xkwf oifhw,fvdkY qdk&ygr,f/ wif y v’ i f a cG qdkwm trsKd;om;jzpfjzpf? trsKd;orD;jzpfjzpf? wifyv’iaf cGoef&if wifyv’iaf cGyg/ usKUH usKUH xkid w f hJ rde;f rxdik o f ef&if usKUH usKUH xdik v f Ykd &ygw,f/ xdkifqw kd mu pwiftm;xkww f o hJ al wGtwGuf toifhawmfqkH; jzpfEdkifwJh £&d,mykwf trlt,myg/ bmvkdYvnf;qdkawmh 0dyóem owdy|mefw&m; tm; xkwfwJhtcg avsmif;xdkif&yfoGm; b,ftrlt,m £&d,mykwfawGeJY jzpfjzpf BudKufovdk tm;xkwfvkdY &w,fqdkayr,fh pNyD;tm;xkwf&if rsm;aomtm;jzifh xdkifwmeJY ydkNyD; oifhawmfEdkifygw,f/ rwfwyf&yf trlt,m[m udk,faumiftay: ydkif;a&m? atmufydkif;yg ESpfydkif;pvkH; ajzmifhajzmifhaxmif rwfxm;&ygw,f/ Murf;jyifajrBuD;eJY xdaewJh ajcz0g; u {&d,musOf;awmh udk,faumifBuD; rNydKvJatmif xde;f xm;&mrSm tm;ydNk yD; pdu k &f w,f/ ydNk yD; tm;pdu k &f vdYk yifyrf;w,f/ rdrdpdwfudkvnf; ajcaxmuf atmufydkif; udkom tm½HkjyKNyD; udk,ftm;? pdwftm;awG okH;xm;

28

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

&awmh pNyD; ½IyGm;&mrSm bm0em tvkyfjzpfzkdY cJ,Of; w,f/ vrf;avQmufwJh trlt,m[mvnf; &yfwJh oabmeJY oabmoGm;csif; twlwlygyJ/ vSaJ vsmif;wJt h rlt,m[m ud, k af umif tay: ydik ;f a&m atmufyikd ;f yg ESpyf ikd ;f pvk;H udk Murf;jyiftyd &f m ay:rSm wk;H vk;H vSNJ yD; xm;&w,f/ 'Dtcg ud, k af wmfBuD; tay: rvJatmifxed ;f xm;&rIu r&Sad wmhb;l / vSaJ vsmif; wJh £&d,mykwef YJ tm;xkwcf gp yk*K¾d vf[m ysif;&d idu k jf rnf;wmawG 0ifvmwwfw,f/ tdyaf ysmw f hJ bufukd ta&mufjrefoGm;w,f/ w&m;tvkyf taESmifht,Suf jzpfw,faygh/ xdik w f hJ £&d,mykw[ f m atmufyikd ;f ud, k af umif u acGae&w,f/ tay:ydkif;u ajzmifhrwfatmif xm;& w,f/ 'Dtrlt,m[m &yf? oGm;ykHpHwkef;uvdk ajc axmuf atmufyikd ;f tm;pdu k rf I rrsm;ygbl;/ vSaJ vsmif;wJh ykpH v H v kd nf; xde;f odr;f rI r&Sw d m jzpfNyD; ysi;f &diu kd jf rnf;rI 0ifvmzkdYvnf; odyfrvG,fygbl;/ 'gaMumifh pwifNyD;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

29

tm;xkww f o hJ al wGtwGuf xdik Nf yD;tm;xkwaf pcsiw f myg/ xdik w f t hJ cg ajcaxmufEpS cf u k kd xyfyx J m;xm;? a&SUaemufcGJcsyJxm;xm; oifhovdk xm;vkdY &ygw,f/ b,fvufz0g;udk yufvufvSef? nmvufz0g;udk tay:wif vufrcsif;xd xm;&ygw,f/ 'gu a&S; q&mawmfawG tm;xkwfwJh trlt,myg/ wcsKdU q&mawmf a wG u vuf E S p f b uf a b;csNyD ; vnf ; tm;xkwf wwfMuygw,f/ cg;½dk;udk; txufatmuf ajzmifhajzmifh xm;yg/ taMum? ta&awG ykHrSeftwdkif; jzpfzkdY cg;½dk; udkvnf; e*dkae yHkrSefajzmifhajzmifhxm;yg/ cg;aumh o l u aumh w J h t wk d i f ; ? cg;uk e f ; ol u ukef;wJhtwdkif; xm;&yg r,f/ ajzmifhqdkwJh twGuf uke;f olu aumh? aumhou l uke;f wmrsKd; rvky&f ygbl;/ OD;acgif;udkvnf; a&SUwnfhwnfhrSm &dSwJh t&m 0w¬Kudk MunfhaeovdkrsKd; ae&ygw,f/ tay:vnf; yifhrwifxm;&bl;/ atmufudk zdNyD; vnfyif;vnf; wdrk aeap&bl;/ rsupf u d v kd nf; tdycf geD; tcsed f rSw d x f m; ovdk rSdwf&r,f/ yg;pyfudkvnf; pum;rajymbJ aewJh tcg aeovdk aphxm;&r,f/

30

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

cE¨mud, k af umifBuD;ay:rSm twif;tm;pdu k Nf yD; xde;f xm;rI? wif;xm;rIawG rvky&f bl;/ ajyajyaysmah ysmh oufawmifhoufom e*dkae jzpfae&r,f/ touf½SLoGif;? ½SLxkwfrIudkqw kd mu trsm; tac:taeeJY toufaygh/ wu,f&w dS mu av"mwfyg/ 'Dawmh av½SLoGi;f ? ½SLxkwu f kd Munf&h ygw,f/ avudk Munf&h if avudk jrifw,f/ av&JUta&miftqif;udv k nf; jrifw,f/ av&JU ½SLoGi;f ? ½SLxkwrf u I kd awmufavQmuf vdu k Nf yD;awmh Munfah e&if avaMumif;BuD;udk awGUr,f/ avtwdt k &Snu f kd awGUw,f/ av&JU ykyH ef;o@mefukd awGUw,f/ tJ'D av? av&JU ta&miftqif;? twdkt&Snf ykyH ef; o@mefawGukd jrif&wm[m tmemygeur®|mef;? owdy|mef owdtvkyaf wmh jzpfygw,f/ 0dóemawmh rjzpfbl;/ orxawmh jzpfvmw,f/ 0dyóemur®|mef; jzpfzkdY twGuf qdk&if touf vdkYac:wJh av"mwf? ½SLoGif; ½SLxkwfwJhtcg 0if v d k u f xG u f v d k u f e J Y ES m oD ; 0? EI w f c rf ; zsm; wpfae&mrSm wdk;xdrIoabm jzpfoGm;wwfw,f/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

31

0ifwikd ;f ? xGuw f ikd ;f xdro I abmwpfcw k pfck jzpfaew,f/ twG i f ; tjyif ? twd k t &S n f ? ta&mif t qif ; ? ykHyef;oP²mefawGudk rMunfhbJ xdrIoabmudkom xdwdkif;xdwdkif; odEdkif atmif Munfhae&ygr,f/ 'grS 0dyóem tmemyge ur®|mef; jzpfvmEdkifw,f/ owdxm;NyD; qdw k m pdwx f rJ mS trSw&f odwwf aewJh owdoabmav; jzpfaeapwmudk ac:ygw,f/ xGuv f nf;xd? 0ifvnf;xd xdwt hJ cg 0ifwm? xGuw f m rygbJ xdrIoabm tm½Hkudkom xdwdkif;odatmif owdw& Munfhae&ygw,f/ xdwmudk odw,fqdkwJh ae&mrSm wpfa,mufeYJ wpfa,muf rwlygbl;/ wcsKUd u xdw,fvdkY odw,f/ wcsKdUu wdk;w,f? vIyfw,f? wif;w,f? ylw,f? at;w,f? aEG;w,f? rmw,f? aysmhw,f qdw k hJ oabmawGukd awGUwwfygao;w,f/ ud, k ef YJ pyfNyD; jzpfwhJ oabmawGqakd wmh emrnf b,fvkd wyfwyf ½kyfw&m; oabmawG ygyJ/ xdxd? wdk;wdk;? vIyfvIyf 'DoabmawGudk ½kyf-azmufjyefwwfwJh oabmyJqdkwJh todeJY ½kyftm½Hkudk Munfhae&wmyg/ wcsKdUMuawmhvnf; ESmoD;0? EIwfcrf;zsm;rSm

32

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

'DoabmawG rxif&Sm;bJ touf½SLoGif;? ½SLxkwf&m avoGm;&mvrf;aMumif;xJu tmacgif? vnfyif;? &ifbwf? ESvkH;? 0rf;AdkufpwJh ae&mawGrSm uGJjym;NyD; xdrI? wdk;rI? vIyfrI oabmawGudkvnf; owdxm;NyD; awGUwwf? odwwfMuygao;w,f/ udk,feJYpyfNyD; azmufjyefwJh ½kyfw&m;awGudk tm½HkjyK odwwfwJh pdwf? pdwfeJY pyfwJh tawG;tBuH? todawG[m emrfw&m;awGyg/ 'Demrfw&m;awGuv kd nf; owdxm;Edkif? MunfhEdkif? odEdkif? awGUEdkif&ygr,f/ pdwfudk tvkyfay; xm;&ygw,f qdw k mu tvkyrf &Sw d hJ pdw[ f m tm½Hu k kd odwwfumrQ oabmeJY odoifw h m jzpfjzpf? rodoifw h mjzpfjzpf? aumif;wJh tm½Hk jzpfjzpf? raumif;wJh tm½Hjk zpfjzpf? b,fvkd tm½Hrk qdk a&mufaewwfygw,f/ tm½Hjk yK odaewwfygw,f/ pdw[ f m rsm;aomtm;jzifh rodoif?h roGm;oif?h ra&mufoifhwJh tm½HkawGudk a&mufaewwfw,f/ raumif;usKd;om tjzpfrsm;wwfwhJ tm½Hak wGqD a&muf ae aysmfaewwfw,f/ tJ'Dvdk raumif;wJh tm½HkawGqD a&mufaewwfwJh pdwfudk 0dyóem&JU tm½Hk ½kyfw&m;?

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

33

emrfw&m;awGtay:rSmom trsm;tm;jzifh aeEdkifzdkY tm½HkjyKzkdY cdkif;xm; tvkyfay;xm;&wmyg/ bm0emtvkyu f pdwt f vkyyf g/ ud, k t f vky?f EIwftvkyfwGudk tem;ay;? tem;,lapNyD;awmh pdw"f mwftoduav;eJYom odwt hJ vkyf vkyaf e&wmyg/ orxtwGuf uodkPf;edrdwf ynwfpwJh tm½Hkay:rSm pdwfu tvkyfvkyf&ygw,f/ 0dyóem twGuf ½ky"f mwf? emrf"mwf y&rwftm½Hak y:rSm pdwu f a&mufaeNyD; todÓPfeJY ydkif;ydkif;jcm;jcm; odatmif tvkyfvkyfae&ygw,f/ owd? 0D&d,ÓPf&SdwJh todpdwfeJY ½kyfemrf ocFg&"r®awG&JU vu©Pmoabmw&m;awGudk tm½HkjyK pdwftvkyfvkyfwm[m 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwfenf; ygyJ/ —™ —™ —™

34

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- w&m;xdkifwJhtcganmif;vkdY ajymif;&if; a&T U &if tjypf j zpf y govm;/ ajz - aumif;usKd;csrf;om&zkdY w&m;tm;xkwf wJhtcg xdkifwJh £&d,mykwf Mumvm&if anmif;wwf ygw,f/ &yfwJh? oGm;wJh? avsmif;wJh £&d,mykwf awGvnf; Mumvm&if 'Dtwdik ;f yJ anmif;wwfygw,f/ 'Du, kd q f if;&JrI anmif;wJt h m½Hu k kd awGUNyD; r½Iwwfao;wJh olawGtwGuf oabmruswhJ pdwq f if;&JraI 'gojzpfvm w,f/ a'go tukodkvfpdwf jzpfaevkdY r*fÓPf? zdkvfÓPfrajymeJY 0dyóemÓPfyif r&Edkifygbl;/ q&morm;rsm;u ra&TU&? rjyif&? rvIy&f pwJh pum;awGaMumifh anmif;vkdYvnf; pdwfopf? vIyf&if ajymif;&if qlrSmudkvnf; aMumuf&wJh pdwfeJY rvIyfbJ? ra&TUbJ emvGef;vdkY ayaw atmifhtD;aewJhtcg cH& cufNyD; udk,fa&m pdwfyg qif;&Jaeygw,f/ ayaw atmift h ;D aevdYk ud, k q f if;&J? pdwq f if;&J jzpf&if bmÓPf bmtodrS r&Edkif? rjzpfEdkifwmaMumifh w&m;tm;xkwf &mrSm tjypfjzpfw,fvdkY ajym&rSmyg/ emusifvGef;vdkY rcHom&if todÓPfeJY owd

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

35

uyfNyD; ajymif;&a&TUG &ygw,f/ tJ'v D kd ajymif;jyifa&TUay; vdkufwJhtcg'ku©a0'em jyif;xefpGm rjzpfjcif;/ wnfMunfrI orm"d &jcif;/ tm;xkwfqJ ur®|mef;w&m; wdk;yGm;jcif;/ w&m;xl;&jcif; qdkwJh tusKd;av;rsKd; &Edkifyg w,f/ emusifudkufcJvdkY pdwfqif;&J jzpfaewmudk owd uyfNyD; rajymif;jyif? ra&TUay;bJ ae&if 'ku©a0'em jyif;xefpGm jzpfjcif;/ wnfMunfrI orm"d r&jcif;/ tm;xkwfqJ ur®|mef;w&m; ysufjcif;/ w&m;xl;r&jcif;qdkwJh tjypfav;rsKd; jzpfyg w,f/ 'Dvdkqdkawmh anmif;wmeJY ajymif;vdkuf? jyif vdu k f vky&f rSmvm;vkYd ar;p&m jzpfvmw,f/ anmif;wm udk oabmruswJh a'gojzpfvdkY ranmif;remwmudk vdkcsifwJh avmbeJYom ajymif;r,fa&TUr,fqdk&if owd? todÓPfrygwJt h wGuf tJ'v D kd ajymif;a&TUwmudv k nf;

36

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

raumif;bl;vdYk ajym&ygr,f/ txkid Mf umvkYd ? trlt,m wpfrsK;d wnf; aewmMumvkYd emusiu f u kd cf J anmif;vGe;f wJt h cg owdtodeYJ r½IymG ;bJ emusiu f u kd cf rJ u I kd ukeaf p vkdvdkY? ausmfvTm;vdkvdkY qdkNyD; twif;t"r® usdwfrSdwf ayawatmifhtD;NyD; NidrfrcHoifhygbl;/ udk,fqif;&J? pdwfqif;&J wdk;vdkY tjypfydkBuD;ygw,f/ wcsKUd u tJ'v D kd usw d rf w dS af yawNyD; aewJt h cg emusifuu kd cf w J mawG ausmfomG ;? vGeo f mG ;? ukeo f mG ; w,fvYkd ajymMuw,f/ wu,fwrf;usawmh emusif udu k cf v J eG ;f vdYk xkNH yD; oGm;wmyg/ xkaH ysmufBuD; aysmuf aewmudk t[kwfrSwfNyD;awmh aeçaewwfMuw,f/ wcsKdUusawmhvnf; ay:vmwJh tm½Hw k pfcck k aemufukd rSed ;f NyD; vdu k af ewJh arm[? avmb? udavomawGeYJ rSed ;f xdik f xdik af ewwfMuygw,f/ rajymif;ra&TUbJ MumMumxdkifEdkifw,f? &yfEdkif w,fqdkwmu w&m;&wJh? todÓPfawG wdk;yGm;wJh 0dyóemtvkyfrSm t"du rusygbl;/ £&d,mykwf trlt,mtaeeJY ajymif;yJajymif; ajymif;? rajymif;bJaeae? todÓPfwkd;zdkY ajymif;qJ

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

37

jyifqrJ mS vnf; owd 0D&, d ? todÓPfeYJ xif&mS ;wJh ½kyf"mwf? emrf"mwfawGudk Munfhae&r,f/ NidrfaewJh tcgrSmvnf; txift&Sm; jzpfay:aewJh ud, k ef YJ pyfwhJ ½kyfoabm azmufjyefrI? pdwfeJY pyfwJh odrI? nTwfrI? pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIoabmawGukd odatmif Munfah e&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk MunfhaeEdkifvkdY xif&Sm;wJh ay:aewJh jzpfwkdif;jzpfwkdif; tm½Hkudk owd? todeJY Munfhae&if tjypf rjzpfygbl;/ 0dyóem tvkyrf mS jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwikd ;f tm½Hkudk rMunfhEdkif&if tjypfjzpfw,f/ —™ —™ —™

38

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar; - MumMumxdkifEdkifrS w&m; &ygovm;/ ajz - w&m;tm;xkwfwJh todkif;t0dkif;rSm Mum MumxdkifEdkifrS w&m;&w,fqdkwJh tpGJu BuD;vGef; ygw,f/ w&m;qdkwm aumif;usKd;csrf;om &apEdkifwJh ukodkvfqdkwm b,fawmhrS rarhygeJY/ ukodkvfrsKd;pkHeJY qdkifwmaygh/ 'geukov kd f tvSLay;wJt h cg xdik w f hJ trlt,m eJYom tvSLay;&r,fvYkd owfrw S rf xm;ygbl;/ oDv ukodkvfvnf; xkdifaeNyD;awmhom apmifhxdef;&r,fvdkY rqdyk gbl;/ orx 0dyóemeJY ywfoufvYdk vnf; pOf;pm;MuzdYk aumif;w,f/ orxbm0emxJu arwåmbm0emukov kd u f kd yGm;rsm;&if oGm;&if;? &yf&if;? xdkif&if;? avsmif;&if; yGm;rsm;vdkY &ygw,fvkdY bk&m;&Sifu rdefYawmfrlw,f/ wu,f vufawGUrSmvnf; yGm;rsm;vkdY &wmygyJ/ Ak'¨gEkówd? "r®mEkówd? oHCmEkówd pwJh orx ur®|mef;awG[mvnf; £&d,mykwf trlt,mrsKd;pkHeJY yGm;rsm;vdkY &ygw,f/ uodkPf;q,fyg; tm;xkwf&mrSmawmh (y#d

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

39

bm*edrw d )f tjyiftm½Hek YJ rdrpd w d x f rJ mS xifwhJ tm½H?k xyfwx l yfrQ oabmaqmifwhJ uodP k ;f edrw d [ f m pdwf xJ cdkifNrJatmif rxif&Sm;ao;cif tcsdefcPrSm xdkif £&d,mykwfudk rajymif;jyifbJ aeay;&ygw,f/ ajymif;a&TUvdkuf&if y#dbm*edrdwfxifzkdY rvG,fbl;/ ysuv f nf; ysuw f wfvYdkaygh/ 'Derd w d f xif&mS ;&if xoGm; vkYd &ygNyD/ orx tm;xkw&f mrSm rx&? ra&TU&qdw k m tcsdet f wdik ;f twm wpfcP avmufomyg/ 0dyóemw&m; twGufuawmh oGm;&if oGm; rSef;od? &yf&if &yfrSef;od... usifBuD;usifi,f pGefY&if vnf; pGeYfreS ;f odvYkd bk&m;&Siu f rdeYfawmfrx l m;ygw,f/ txdik Mf umrS w&m;&w,fqw kd hJ tpGBJ uD;udak wmh aoao csmcsm pOf;pm;MuzkdY aumif;w,f/ bm0emw&m; tm;xkw&f mrSm xdik w f t hJ rlt,m £&d,mykwu f tm;rxkww f wfao;wJh olawG twGuf tajccHtp oifhawmfvdkY nTefjywJh pum;yg/ eda&m" ormywf? zvormywf 0ifpm;awmfrlMuwJh t&d,m yk*K¾d vfBuD;awG twGuaf wmhvnf; MumMum xdik Mf uw,f qdkwm [kwfygw,f/ csKyfNidrf;rI csrf;om zdkvfcsrf;om

40

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

awGudk cHpm;zdkY pdwf&JU t"d|mef oabmeJY aeMuwmyg/ t"dutm;jzifh 0dyóem todÓPf&atmif tm;xkwfaewJh olawGtwGuf ½kyfemrfy&rwftm½Hkudk Munfhaeygw,f/ ½kyfemrftm½Hkqdkwmu xdkifaeae? &yfaeae? oGm;aeae oabmw&m; rajymif;vJygbl;/ trlt,mudk,faumifBuD;om ajymif;vJwmyg/ MumMum xdik af eNyD; tm½Hw k jcm; pdwu f oGm; aer,f? a&mufaer,f/ xdkifae&if; tdyfaysmfaer,f/ todvw G Nf yD; rSed ;f aer,fq&kd ifawmh 0dyóemw&m; rjzpf ygbl;/ tvum; ygyJ/ 'ghaMumifh MumMumxkdifwmeJY w&m;&wmeJY rqdkifygbl;/ todÓPf wdk;wuf jrifhrm;wmom w&m;eJY qdkifygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

41

- w&m;tm;xkwo f w l ikd ;f xdik af eNyD; ESmoD;0 EIwfcrf;zsm;udkomMunfhae&rSmygvm;/ ajz - ukodkvfw&m;twGuf 'ge ukodkvfu tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvf? vSLzG,f0wåKudk tm½HkjyKNyD; ay;vdkwJh apwemeJY vSL&w,f/ oDvukodkvfu apmifhxdef;p&m a&SmifusOfp&mawGudk tm½HkjyKNyD; udk,feJYEIwfudk apmifh xdef;&w,f/ orxukodkvfu uodkPf; edrdwf ynwf tm½Hkudk tm½HkjyKNyD; wnfMunfrI orm"dtm;aumif; atmif owdeJY Munfh&w,f/ 0dyóemukov kd u f jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwikd ;f xif&mS ; wJh ½kyef mrftm½Hu k kd trSet f wdik ;f odatmif Munfah e&w,f? ½kyt f m½Hu k kd emrftm½Hx k uf odomxif&mS ;w,f? rsm;aom tm;jzifh ½kyu f o kd mpNyD; tm½Hjk yK ½IymG ;Edik w f ,f? ½kyo f abm awGuvnf; ajczsm;uae qHzsm;wdik af tmif ud, k f wpfaumifv;Hk rSm &Sad eMuw,f? rsufp?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ud, k ?f 'gawG[mvnf; ½kyw f &m;awG aygif;pyf xm;wmyg? 'gawGeYJ qufpyfNyD; xdawGUvmwJh tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? tawGU qdkwmawGuvnf; ½kyw f &m;awGygbJ/

42

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

½kyfw&m;awGudk tm;vkH; ½Ip&mawGrdkY ½Iyg qdkayr,fh pNyD; w&m;tm;xkwfol twGufuawmh odyrf vG,af o;ygbl;? tajccHoabmudk avmuOyrmeJY ajym&&ifaps;onfrsKd;½d;k rdbawG[m om;orD;awGukd aps;a&mif; aps;0,fynmawG vufqifhurf; oifay; wwfMuw,f/ rdbawGrmS aps;qdik af wG ukew f u kd af wG trsm;BuD; ydik x f m;ygw,f? trsKd;tpm; taeeJYuawmh 0,fol tvm enf;vGe;f wJh qdik u f wpfrsK;d ? aemuf a&mif;ol 0,fol rsm;jym;vGe;f vdYk ½Iy, f u S cf wfNy;D vuf rvnfatmif a&mif;&wJh qdkifuwpfrsKd;? ykHrSef a&mif;0,f ae&wJh qdik u f wpfrsK;d vkYd ok;H rsK;d &Sw d ,f/ rdbawGu om;orD;awGukd b,fqikd rf mS pNyD; oifay;rvJ? ykrH eS f a&mif;&wJh qdik rf mS bJ oifay;&rSmaygh? ra&mif;&wJh qdik rf mS oifay;&if ynmwwfzYdk rvG,b f ;l ? vufrvnfatmif a&mif;&wJh qdik rf mS u a&mif;ol0,fol ½Iyv f Ydk aps;onftvkyf poifzYdk uvnf; rvG,u f b l ;l ? 'gaMumifh ykrH eS q f ikd rf mS poifay;&wm taumif;qk;H yJ/ w&m;pNyD; tm;xkww f hJ oltwGuv f nf; ykrH eS f

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

43

xif&Sm;wJh oabmudk rlvur®|mef; tm½HktaeeJY xm;ay; &wm taumif;qkH; poif&wJh tm½Hkae&myJ/ cvkwfwdkufvdkY emwm? ausmatmifhwm? ajc axmufusifwm? vufarmif;vIyfwm? Adkufatmifhwm? &ifbwf,m;wmqdw k hJ 'DoabmawG[m ½kyw f &m;awGyg? ½kyfrSeforQ ½I&w,f qdkayrJh 'DoabmawGu wpfcg wavrS xif&Sm;wm jzpfvdkY pNyD; ½I&if tqifrajy wwfygbl;/ rsufpzd iG x hf m;vdYk jriforQ tqif;awG? em;u Mum;ae&wJh toHrsKd;pkaH wG 'gawGu ½kyw f &m;awGyg/ 'gayrJh rsm;jym;vGef;awmh pNyD; ½IzkdY rvG,fygbl;/ emrfw&m;vkYd ac:wJph w d u f pOf;pm;aewmawG? BuHpnf aewmawG? odaewmawG[mvnf; t½IceH mrfw&m;awG jzpfayrJh vsifjrefrsm;jym;vGe;f vdYk p½IzYkd rvG,yf gbl;/ 'ghaMumifh ykrH eS ½f LS oGi;f ½SLxkwv f yk af ewJh touf vkdY ac:wJh av"mwfç av"mwf&JU 0ifwJh xGufwJhtcg wdk;rI? xdrI? vIyf? ckef? at;? aEG;? wif;? avsmh qdkwJh wpfrsKd;av;jzpfrI ½kyfoabmudk pNyD; Munfh&ygw,f/ wcsKdUu ESmoD;0rSm xif&mS ;w,f/ ESmacgif;&Sn&f ifaygh/

44

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

wcsKdUu EIwfcrf;zsm;rSm xif&Sm;w,f/ tmacgif? vnf acsmif;? &ifbwf? ESv;Hk ? 0rf;Adu k af e&m trsK;d rsK;d rSm xif&mS ; w,f/ xif&Sm;wJh ae&mwdkif;rSm ½IMunfhvkdY &ygw,f/ wpfae&mwnf;rSmyJ Munfh&r,fvkdY rqdkvdkygbl;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh ESmoD;0? EIwfcrf;zsm; zsm;wd;k xdrI udk todrsm;ygw,f/ ½kyfoabmudk owdxm;MunfhwJh tcg ae&ma'o uG,faysmufNyD; xdrI? wdk;rI pwJh ½kyf oabmawGudkom odzkdY ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ wu,fvkdY ta&mif;t0,f wwfoGm;&if om;orD;awGudk rdbawGu udk,fydkifwJh qdkifawG? ukew f u kd af wG tm;vH;k udk OD;pD; a&mif;cdik ;f rSmyg/ w&m; rSmvnf; tm;xkww f wfNyDq&kd if wpfu, kd af umifv;Hk rSm &Sad ewJh b,f½yk w f &m;udyk J jzpfjzpf? pdwef YJ pyfqikd w f hJ b,femrfw&m;udyk J jzpfjzpf ½I&rSm? ½IEikd &f rSmyg/ xkdif qdw k mu rdr&d UJ tvky?f 0goem? tavh tusiahf y: rlwnfygw,f/ aq;vdyv f yd o f al wG? pufcsKyf olawGu xdik Nf yD; tm;xkw&f if oifah wmfovd?k usL&Sif q&mwkYd? oGm;pdu k q f &m0efwYdku rwfwyf&yf tm;xkw&f if ydkaumif;Edkifygw,f/ acgif;&GufAswfxdk;aps;onf?

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

45

ajcaxmufvyI &f mS ;NyD; eif;ae&wJh qdu k u f m;orm;awG[m vrf;avQmufwJh pBuøavQmufwmeJY udkufnDygw,f/ use;f rma&; raumif;ol? ud, k t f *Fgtm;enf;ol? touf t&G,Bf uD;olawGu vSaJ vsmif; tem;,lNyD; tm;xkww f m ydktqifajyEdkifygw,f/ w&m;jywJh q&morm;u wae&mxJrSm £&d,mykwf trlt,m wpfrsKd;wnf;udyk J enf;wpfck wnf;ESihf igcdik ;f ovdk vkyq f Nkdy;D rnTeo f ifyh gbl;/ q&mud, k f wdik u f vnf; a,m*Dukd b,ftrlt&meJY udu k n f rD ,f? bmeJY oyÜg,rQwr,f qdkwm aocsmrodEdkifygbl;/ ig tm;xkwfwkef;u tqifajywm[m &yfwm? a,m*D tm;vk;H vnf; &yf? xdik w f m a,m*Dtm;vk;H vnf; xdik f pwJh oabmrsK;d rjzpfoifyh gbl;/ jzpfoifw h mu w&m;udk enf;rsK;d pkH nTejf y a,m*D u trlt,m£&d,mykwf trsK;d rsK;d udk tm;xkwMf unfNh yD; rdred YJ oifah wmfrQwwJh owdaumif; todÓPfw;kd vG,f wJh £&d,mykwfeJY tm;xkwf&rSmyg/ —™ —™ —™

46

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- w&m;tm;xkww f ,f? ½Iw,f? rSww f ,f? yGm;w,f?Munfhw,f?odw,fvkdYokH;EIef; ajymqdak ewmawG&UJ t"dymÜ ,fujJG ym;csuf awGudk ajymjyyg/ ajz - ½I? rSwf? yGm;rsm;? Munfh? od? oHk;oyf? tm;xkww f ,f qdw k mawG[m emrnfom uGw J m/ t"dymÜ ,fu twlwyl gyJ/ w&m;tm½Hu k kd *½kpu kd af ewm vkYd ajym&if em;vnfoabmaygufrmS yg/ *½kpdkufw,fqdkwm q&morm;u wynfh wyef;ud?k rdbu om;orD;udk *½kpu kd Mf uw,fvYkd avmu toH;k tEIe;f &Syd gw,f/ rdbu om;orD;udk rsupf ad tmufu taysmuf rcHwm? uG,&f m a&mufae&ifvnf; pdwu f om;orD; tm½Hu k kd a&mufaewm? tm½Hrk aysmufatmif owd&adS e wm? Munfhaewm/ om;orD;awG aumif;-raumif;? awmf-rawmf Munfah e&wm? em;pGiahf ewm/ om;orD;awG wd;k wufatmifjrifatmif? tjypfuif;atmif aqmif&u G f ay;aewmawG[m *½kpdkufw,fqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fxJrSm yg0ifaew,fvYdk odEdkifygw,f/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

47

*½k p d k u f wJhtcg tm½Hkudk trSwf&wJh owd / aumif;-raumif; cGJjcm;odwJh ynm/ apmifah &Smuf aqmif&u G w f wfwhJ vkYH v 0D&d,/ tm½Hak y:rSm pdww f nfaeapwJh orm"dtm;vk;H yg0ifaew,f/ rdrw d Ykd &UJ pkwNf yJaewJh tuÐs? vkcH snf? t0wf txnfawGukd zmMu? ax;Mu? csKyfz;l Muygw,f/ 'Dtcg tyfezm;aygufukd tyfcsnfwyfcw hJ m jyefowd&Munfh vdu k yf g/ tyfzsm;udk udik ?f tyfezm;aygufxu J kd tyfcsnf xnfhzkdY csdefqNyD;awmh tyfcsnfzGmae&if uwfaMu;eJY udu k jf zwf/ yg;pyfeYJ wHawG;qGwNf yD; cRefay;vdYk 0ifEikd f atmif vkyaf y;&w,f/ tyfcsno f iG ;f awmhr,fqakd wmh tyfezm;udak &m tyfcsnfzsm;udkyg *½kwpdkufeJY Munfhaew,f/ owd&Sd aew,f/ oGi;f vkYd 0if-r0if cGjJ cm;wJÓ h Pfvnf;&Sw d ,f/ tm½Hak &mufaewJh pdww f nfMunfrI orm"dvnf; &Sw d ,f/ xd;k oGi;f wJh vkYH v0D&, d vnf; &Sw d ,f/ tJ'D av;rsKd;qHrk S tyfcsnfoGif;rItay: *½kpdkufw,f ac:w,f/

48

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

b,ftvkyu f kd rqdk 'Dav;rsKd;pkrH S *½kpu kd w f ,f ac:ygw,f/ orxtwGuf uodP k ;f edrw d yf nwf orx tm½H?k 0dyóemtwGuf ½kyef mrfy&rwf 0dyóemtm½Hu k kd *½kpu kd af e&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk *½kpdkufaeEdkifwmudk w&m;tm;xkwf w,f? ½Iw,f? rSww f ,f? yGm;w,f? Munfw h ,f? odw,f? ok H ; oyf w ,f v d k Y emrnf t rsKd ; rsKd ; ac:a0:ok H ; pG J xm;wmyg/ owd? 0D&d,? orm"d? yn 'Dw&m;awG rdrd pdwfrSm &SdaezkdY ta&;BuD;wmyg/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

49

- udk,feJYcE¨m cGJjcm;MunfhEdkif&r,fqdkwm em;vnfatmif &Sif;jyyg/ ajz - udk,fqdkwm ajczsm;u qHzsm;wdkifatmif wpfudk,faumifvkH;BuD;udk ac:wm/ udk,fudk Munfh&if avsmif;? xdkif? &yf? oGm;? vIyf&Sm;? wnfNidrfaewJh trlt,mawGudk jrifr,f/ ykHyef; oP²mef ta&mif tqif;awGukd awGUr,f/ yuwd rsupf ed YJ jrifvYkd &w,f/ jrifNyD;&if; xyfjrifae&ifvnf; 'Dudk,fawmfBuD;u rajymif;vJygbl;/ trlt,mawGom ajymif;vJaew,f/ cE¨mqdkwmu udk,faumifBuD; zGJUpnf;xm;rI tajccH½yk o f abm? emrfoabmawGukd ac:wm/ ½kycf E¨m? emrfcE¨mw&m;awGudk awGU&if azmufjyefajymif;vJwm awGUr,f/ rwnfNrJwm awGUr,f/ ykHyef;oP²mef ta&mif tqif;rygbJ "r®oabm oufoufrQomvdkY odr,f/ yuwdrsufpdeJY rjrifEdkifbl;/ ÓPfrsufpdeJYom jrifEdkif r,f/ jrifNyD;&if jrifae&ifvnf; ajymif;vJwJh oabmyJ awGUr,f/ jrifqJ cPrSmyJ ajymif;vJwJh oabmyJ &Sdw,fvkdY odjrifEdkifw,f/ a&pD;qif;aewJh jrpfwpfpif;udk awGUzl;rSmaygh/

50

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

jrpfukd Munf&h if jrpf&UJ tus,?f tauGUtaumuf? ta&mif tqif;? yko H P²mefawGukd jrifae&w,f/ ckMunfv h nf; 'Djrpf? 'DypHk /H aemifMunfv h nf; 'Djrpf? 'DypHk /H rajymif;vJ bl;/ wu,fvYkdom pD;qif;aewJh a&udk *½kpu kd Mf unf&h if woGio f iG f pD;aewJh oabm? a&GUae vIy&f mS ;aewJo h abm awGukd awGUr,f/ jrpfwpfpif;&JU ykpH u H kd *½krjyKrad wmhb;l / pD;oGm;wJh a&[m aemufwpfcg jyefrpD;awmhb;l ? topf topfom xyfpD;ovdk? ½kyfcE¨m emrfcE¨mawGvnf; jzpfoGm;NyD;&if 'DcE¨mawG jyefrjzpfawmhbl;/ topf topfcE¨myJ xyfjzpfw,fvYkd todÓPfay:Edik w f ,f/ a&pD;qif;rIawG aygif;pyfNyD; jrpfvYkd ac:ovdk jzpfysucf E¨mawG aygif;pyfNyD; ud, k v f Ydkac:wmyg/ cE¨m&JU azmufjyefwhJ oabmeJY ud, k af umifBu;D &JU wnfNird f vIy&f mS ; trlt,mawG&JUoabm[m uGJuGJjym;jym; odom Edik yf gw,f/ ÓPfeYJ Munf&h if ud, k ef YJ cE¨m cGjJ cm;odvmr,f/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

51

- vrf;avQmufwt hJ cg
52

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

csw,f rSwf&r,fvdkY q&morm;u oifxm;awmh tJ'D twdkif; rSwfw,f/ yg;pyfu r&GwfawmifrS pdwfu &GwfaeMuwm rsm;w,f/
0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

53

csw,fvYkd vnf; rSwv f Ydk &aew,f/ pdwu f vnf; wjcm; tm½Hka&mufaew,fwJh/ 'Dvdkjzpfwm[m &Gwfaeus tusiahf Mumifo h m pdwu f &Gwaf eayr,fh w&m;tvkyu f kd pdwfu rvkyfygbl;/ bk&m;&Sif nTefMum;awmfrlcJhwJh enf;twdkif; wpfqifh jyefajymygr,f/ vrf;avQmuf&if vrf;avQmufomG ;aerSe;f odyg wJh/ rdrdwkdYvnf; vrf;avQmufzl;ygw,f/ aps;0,foGm; &if jyefpOf;pm;Munfhaygh/ oGm;aewm odygw,fvdkY ajymMuayr,fh pdwu f oGm;aewJh trlt,m ud, k af umif BuD; vIy&f mS ;aewJt h xJ r&Sb d ;l / aps;xJukd jzpfjzpf 0,f& r,fh ypönf;udk jzpfjzpf tm½Hka&mufaew,f/ oGm;&if oGm;rSe;f odqw kd m ud, k &hf UJ owdeYJ todukd oGm;csifwhJ pdw?f oGm;aewJh trlt,meJY vIy&f mS ;aewJh ud, k af umifBuD;xJrmS xm;&r,f/ b,fae&mrSm xm;& rvJq&kd if xif&mS ;&mudk jrifatmifMunfzh Ykd xif&mS ;wJh tm½Hrk mS xm;&r,f/ oGm;csifwhJ pdw?f vIycf sifwhJ pdw?f pdwx f if&mS ;&if pdwu f ?kd vufvyI w f m a&GUwm xif&mS ; &ifvJ vufqaD ygh/ ajcaxmufvyI w f m a&GUwm xif&mS ; &ifvJ ajcaxmufqaD ygh/ ud, k Mf unfch siw f hJ qD Munfw h m

54

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

rsK;d rvkyyf geJY/ wpfu, kd v f ;Hk NcKH Ny;D jzpfay:aewJh xif&mS ;rI tm; taumif;qk;H ½kyo f abmudk *½kpu kd Mf unfah ew,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhuawmh atmufydkif;ajcaxmuf vIyf&Sm;rIu ydkxif&Sm;w,f ajy&r,f/
0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

55

jzihf ajcaxmufatmufydkif;rSm ajcz0g;eJY ajrjyifMurf;eJY xdwJh oabm? rmwJh? aysmhwJhoabmudk awGUwwfyg w,f/ ajcusif;0wf? ajcovkH;? 'l;qpfqDu xdef;xm; &wJt h wGuf wGe;f rI? vIyrf ?I a&GUrI? emrI? ydraI wGuv kd nf; awGUwwfygw,f/ tJ'o D abmawGukd *½kpu kd Nf yD; Munfh ae&rSmyg/ ½kyfç ½kyfvdkYvnf; rqdk&ygbl;/ vIyfwwf? vIyfw,fawGvnf; rqdk&ygbl;/ vSJavsmif;wJhtcgrSmvnf; vSJavsmif;wJhtrl t,mudk,faumifBuD;udk *½kpdkuf&w,f/ xif&Sm;wJh oabmyJ awGUygw,f/ xdae ydaewJo h abm/ vIyv f yI f vIyfvIyfeJY ckefaewJh oabm/ 'kwf'kwf 'kwf'kwfeJY xdk; aewJh oabmawG xif&Sm;wmawGUygw,f/ xkid w f t hJ cgrSmvnf;pNyD; tm;xkww f o hJ t l wGuf om ESmoD;0? EIwfcrf;zsm;udk owdxm;vdkY qdkayr,fh wpfu, kd v f ;Hk u xif&mS ;wJo h abm/ emrI? usifr?I vIyrf ?I NidrfrI? wif;rI? aysmhrI? atmifhrI? ,m;rI? ylrI? aEG;rI? at;rI 'DoabmawGudk *½kpdkufNyD; MunfhEdkifygw,f/ 'grSvnf; ½kyfw&m;&JU oabmvu©PmawGudk awGUrSm yg/ avsmif;? xdik ?f &yf? oGm;vdYk trlt,m av;rsKd;

56

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ajymayr,fh 'Dav;rsK;d u vGwaf ewJh uke;f uG? aemufveS f ,drf;,dkifpwJh trlt,mawGudkvnf; *½kpdkuf½IyGm;vkdY &ygw,fvdkY bk&m;&Sif rdefYawmfrlygw,f/ ukef;ukef;? uGuG trlt,mawGrSmvnf; xif&Sm;wJh ½kyfoabm trsKd;rsKd;awGukd *½kwpdu k Mf unfah e&rSmyg? odae&rSmyg/ *½kwpdu k f Munfah ewwf? odaewwfwhJ pdwf oabmawG udkvnf; jyefNyD; *½kpdkuf&if emrfqdkwJh oabmtm½Hkudk awGUEdkifygao;w,f/ pnf;csu0f g;csun f n D eD YJ udu k n f aD tmif EIwu f &Gwf&wm? pdwfu &Gwf&wmrsKd; r[kwfygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk &Gwaf ewwfwhJ vlawGtwGuo f m tqifajyw,f? rajy bl; jzpfaewwfygw,f/ oabmw&m;trSeu f kd ÓPfeYJ *½kpu kd Mf unfo h l twGuf w&m;oabmawGudk jrifaevkdY avmutac: tqifajywm rajywm&,fvkdY r&Sdygbl;/ ½kyf"r®? emrf "r®oabmawG olwkdYtvkyf olwkdYvkyfaeMuykHudkom oabmayguf odjrifygvdrfhr,f/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

57

- w&m;xdkifwJhtcg toufudk jznf;jznf; csif; ½SLoGi;f ? ½SLxkwv f yk o f vdk oGm;vm vIyf&Sm;wmudkvnf; jznf;jznf;aES;aES; vkyfNyD; ½SLyGm;&rSmygvm;/ ajz - 0dyóemtwGuf w&m;tm;xkww f yhJ *k Kd¾ vf awG[m e*dkae? e*dkoGm; trlt,mawGrSm owdtodeJY MunfhaeEdkifzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f/ e*dkae? e*dkoGm; qdkwm vltrsK;d rsK;d ? pdwt f axGaxG &SMd uawmh jrefqefwhJ yk*Kd¾ vf? jznf;aES;wJh yk*d¾Kvf? Murf;wrf;wJhol? El;nHhwJhol qdkNyD; trsKd;pkH &SdwwfMuygw,f/ e*dkae? e*dkoGm;qdkwmu avmuynm&SdawGu owfrSwfxm;wJh vufoifhcHwJh ,Ofaus;olawG&JU aeykH? xdkifykH? pm;ykH? aomufykH trl t,mawGudk ac:ygw,f/ w&m;xdik w f t hJ cg touf½LS oGi;f ? ½SLxkwrf u I kd jznf;jznf;vJ rvky&f bl;/ jrefjrefvJ rvky&f bl;/ atmifh NyD;vJ rxm;&bl;/ tm;pdkufNyD;vJ r½SL&bl;/ cgwdkif; ½SLaeus e*dak eoabmudk owdtoduyfNyD; *½kpu kd af e& wmyg/ 0dyóemw&m;u vky½f LS &wJw h &m;r[kwo f vdk toufvnf; vkyfr½SL&ygbl;/ rwdk; wdk;atmif? rxd

58

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

xdatmif rxif&Sm; xif&Sm;atmif vkyf½SLwJholawG[m ud, k af umifBuD; vIyv f yI çf vIyv f yI ef YJ jzpfvmwwfw,f/ tm;wif;½Iawmh rsufESmaMumawG wif;vmr,f/ vufarmif;aMumawG? &ifbwfawG wif;vmr,f/ udk,faumifBuD;awmifh vmwwfw,f/ vkyf,laewJh pdwftm;? udk,ftm;&dSaewkef;awmh rSwfvdkY&ovdkvdk? [kwo f vdv k akd ygh/ wif;xm;rIawG? tm;pdu k rf aI wGvnf; e*dkaejyefjzpfvdkY tm;enf;oGm;a&m/ [if;...qdkNyD; ½Ir& awmhbJ yifyef;aewm awGU&vdrfhr,f/ udk,fcsrf;om? pdwfcsrf;omudk jzpfapwJh 0dyóem tvkyf[m tJ'Dvdk udk,fpdwfyifyef;rIjzpfae&if w&m;tvkyf r[kwf awmhbl;/ rw&m;tvkyf jzpfoGm;NyDvdkY oabmayguf vdkufyg/ touf½SLoGif;? &SLxkwfudk atmifhNyD;awmh pnf;csuf0g;csufnDnD vkyf½Iae&if [kwfovdkvdk? ½I&ovdv k ekd YJ yifyef;? usy?f atmifv h mwm awGU&vdrrhf ,f/ 'ghaMumifh cPcP a,m*DawGudk owday; w,f/ touf&LS wmudk aES;atmif? jrefatmif rvkyEf iS /hf e*dkaetrlt,mrSm wdk;wJh? xdwJh oabmav;awGudk ESmoD;0? EIwfcrf;zsm;avmufrSm *½kpdkufMunfhygvdkY/ vkyrf w S af ewJh cgwdik ;f rSww f mrsKd; r[kwb f J rrSwo f vdk

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

59

vd?k r½Iovdv k ekd YJ odatmif Munfah eapcsiw f m Munfph rf; ygvdkY ajym&w,f/ ajymovdkom Munfhwwfae&if vkyrf w S af ewke;f u wd;k xdoabmeJY e*dak eMunfw h t hJ cg jrif&wJh wdk;xdoabm ESpfrsKd; rwlygbl;/ rwl&if wpfckuawmh aocsmaygufrSm;aeygNyD/ vkyf½IwJh tm½HkudkodwmeJY t&dStwkdif; tm½Hkudk odaewJah e&mrSm t&dt S wdik ;f odaewJh todu rSeaf wmh raygh/ tomav; owdeJYMunfh&wm udk,fvnf; ryifyef;? pdwv f nf; ryifyef;? t&deS YJtod? oabmw&m; eJY w&m;oabm wpfpHk wpfpHk trSeftwdkif; ÓPfeJY odaeawmhw,f/ jznf;atmif jrefatmifrvkyf&bl;vdkY em;vnf oabmayguf&if vrf;oGm;wJhtcgvnf; yHkrSefoGm;&yg w,f/ 'gayr,fh rsm;aomtm;jzifh jznf;rSaES;rS w&m; &w,f? owdtm;aumif;w,fvYkd a,m*DawGu xifMu w,f/ 'Dvkdqkd&if avsmif;wJhtcg? xdkifwJhtcg? &yfwJh tcg b,frSmjznf;wm? aES;wm&dSovJ/ jznf;w,f? aES;w,fqdkwJh trlt,m udk,faumifBuD;u oyfoyf? ½kyfemrfcE¨mwdkY&JU azmufjyefajymif;vJrIu oyfoyfvdkY

60

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

em;vnf oabmaygufvmygr,f/ trlt,mudk xGif;azmufNyD; ½kyfemrf cE¨m oabmawGudk awGU&? jrif&rSmyg/ trlt,maES;&if owdydkaumif;w,fvdkY ajym wwfMuw,f/ 'Dvq kd &dk if ud, k t hf rd u f , kd &hf mrSm yufvuf uk v m;xd k i f a y:xd k i f N yD ; aq;vd y f a omuf a eol wpfa,muf&JUpdwfeJY vlawG½IyfaewJh aps;vrf;Mum; wpfcktwdkif; armfawmfqdkifu,fpD;oGm;ol&JU pdwfudk EdiI ;f ,SOMf unfph rf;yg/ b,fpw d u f owdyakd umif;ovJ/ cJGjcm;odwJhÓPf ydkaumif;ovJ/ tm½HkpdkufrI orm"d ydkaumif;ovJ/ trlt,mNidrfaeayr,fh owd? todraumif; wmvnf;&dSw,f? aumif;wmvnf;&dSw,f/ trlt,m vIy&f mS ;aeayr,fh owd? todraumif;wmvnf;&dw S ,f? aumif;wmvnf;&dSw,fvdkY oabmaygufNyD; e*dkae? e*do k mG ; trlt,mrSm owd? toduyfaewJph w d ef YJ Munfh aezdkY ta&;BuD;wmyg/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

61

- w&m;tm;xkw&f mrSm orm"daumif;atmif Nidrfae&r,f r[kwfygvm;/ ajz - w&m;udk orx0dyóemvdYk cJyG g/ orx orm"d? 0dyóemorm"dvdkYvnf; ESpfrsKd;oabmayguf yg/ orxorm"du tm½Hkwpfckwnf;udk pl;pdkufNyD; xyfcgxyfcg uodP k ;f edrw d pf wJh orx&JU ynwftm½Hk udyk J pdwaf &mufaeatmif wnfae? Munfaeatmif xm; EdkifwJhowåd&dSw,f? psmeorm"dvdkYac:w,f/ 0dyóemorm"du ½kyfemrfcE¨mqdkwJh y&rwf tm½Ht k ay: pdwaf &mufaeatmif wnfae? Munfaeatmif vkyfay;xm;EdkifwJh 0dyóempdwfudk wnfMunfapwJh owåd&dSw,f/ cPduorm"dvdkY ac:w,f/ owåcd si;f wlayr,fh orxtm½Hu k NrJwt hJ m½H?k ckpw d v f nf; 'Dtm½H?k aemufxyfaemufxyfpw d af wGvnf; 'Dtm½HkudkyJ odaew,f/ tm½Hkudk NrJatmifvdkY ESvHk;oGif; &w,f/ 0dyóemtm½Hku tNrJrjywfazmufjyef ajymif; vJaewJh ½kyfemrfy&rwftm½Hk? tm½HktNrJajymif;ovdk ½I pdwfvnf;ajymif;vJaew,f/ tm½Hkwpfcsuf? ½Ipdwf wpfcsuf todeJYqHkatmifaeEdkif&if orm"d&dSaeygNyD/

62

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

tm½HkrSm ½Ipdwfa&mufatmif pdwfcPwdkif; cPwdkif;rSm wifay;aqmifay;wJh orm"drdkY cPduorm"dvdkYac: w,f/ orm"daumif;atmif Nidrfae&r,fqdkwm udk,f aumifBuD; Nidrfaewmudk &nf&G,fNyD;ajymwmjzpfr,f/ ud, k Nf idrw f m? pdwNf idrw f m? tm½HNk idrw f mvdYk (3) rsK;d cJv G u kd yf g/ orm"dqw kd m emrfw&m; pdwef YJ qikd w f ,f/ pdwfrSm ,SOfw,f/ udk,frSm r,SOfbl;/ orm"d&dSwm[m udk,fNidrfwJhtxJrSm ryg0ifbl;/ trsm;vnf;odMuyg w,f/ udk,faumifBuD;uom Nidrfaeayr,fh pdwfrNidrf wm BuHKzl;rSmaygh/ udk,fNidrfayr,fh pdwfrNidrfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh pdwfNidrf&ifawmh wpfcgwav udk,fNidrfwwf ygw,f/ pdwfNidrfwmuvnf; y&rwfpdwfoabm[m rNidrb f J azmufjyefaew,f/ rdru d NrJw,f? Nidrw f ,fvYkd ESv;kH oGi;f xm;wJh tm½Hak y:rlwnfNyD; pdwNf idrw f ,f xif wwfwmyg/ orxtwGuf tm½HNk idrw f ,fvYkd ESv;kH oGi;f xm; awmh Nidrfw,fvdkYqdkMuwmaygh/ Ak'¨gEkówdtaeeJY bk&m; tm½Hu k kd *kPaf wmf yHak wmf xifatmifjyKNyD; oGm; &yf xdik f avsmif; yGm;vdYk &wJh orxtvkyyf g/ arwåmb0em

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

63

vnf; oGm;&yfxikd af vsmif; yGm;vdYk&wJh orxtvkyyf gyJ/ orxtm½Hk xif&Sm;NyD; Nidrfaeayr,fh udk,ftrlt,m ajymif;vJaevdYk &ygw,f/ oabmaygufMuyg/ wcsKUd u y#dbm*edrw d f &vk&ciftcsed u f av;rSm xdik £ f &d,mykwf u xroGm;bJ cPaeay;&wmrsK;d udk Mum;zl;vdYk jzpfjzpf? zvormywf? eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;wJt h cgrSm jzpfjzpf? udk,fNidrfaewmrsKd;awmh &Sdwwfygw,f/ 'gawGeJY 0dyóemÓPf&atmif tm;xkww f meJY a&mroGm;apcsif bl;/ udk,faumifNidrfrS w&m;&w,f xifNyD; wrif oufouf Nidrfatmif vkyfae&if tJ'DvkyfwJh txJrSmyJ pdwaf &mufNyD; w&m;tvkyf tm;rxkwjf zpfb;l / Nidraf e&if w&m;aumif;w,fxifvYkd MumMumxdik &f wmudk auseyf NyD; 'geJYyJ bmowd? bmynmrS rwdk;wuf&if rSm;ae ygNyD/ ud, k Nf idraf tmifaevdYk ud, k af umifBuD; Nidraf ewmu ta&;rBuD;bl;? owd? 0D&d,? ynmawG aumif;zkdYom ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ udk,fNidrfwm? rNidrfwm t"dur[kwfygbl;/ —™ —™ —™

64

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- w&m;½IrSwfae&if; pdwfu vGifhoGm;yg w,f/ pdwx f ed ;f wJah e&mrSm vG,w f ehJ nf; &S&d if ajymjyyg/ ajz - w&m;rSwfae&if; pdwfvGifhw,f qdkwm todw&m;jzpfapwJh ½kyef mrftm½Hrk mS pdwrf &Sad wmhbJ awGU zl;? jrifzl;? BuHKcJhzl;wJhtm½HkawGudk pdwfu tm½HkjyKrdae wmudk ac:ygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifu ajy;vTm;aqmhupm;wwfwJh EGm; aygufi,fuav;udk oGm;aeus pm;usufae&mawGudk roGm;apvd&k if wdik if w k cf ikd cf ikd pf u kd ?f csnfwikd rf mS BudK;wpf buf? EGm;i,fukd BudK;wpfbufEiS hf csnx f m;ay;&w,f/ yxrawmh EGm;i,f[m tm;&SdorQ ½kef;&if;uef&if; aemuf wjznf;jznf; ½ke;f tm;enf;vmNyD; csnw f ikd &f if;rSm 0yfpif;NidrfusoGm;wJh EGm;i,fOyrm jyawmfrlcJhw,f/ EGm;aygufi,fu pdwf? csnfwdkifu ur®|mef; tm½Hk? csnfp&mBudK;u owdvdkY Oyrmcdkif;EIef;awmfrlcJh w,f/ oGm;vdk&m oGm;wwfwJh pdwfudk xif&Sm;cdkifNrJwJh ur®|mef;tm½HkrSm &SdaezdkY owdeJY xdef;&wJh oabmaygh/ orxtwGuf ydkNyD; oifhawmfygw,f/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

65

tm½Hrk xif&mS ;vdYk csnfwikd f rcdik &f ifbJ jzpfjzpf? owdtm;raumif;vkdY BudK;rcdkif&ifbJjzpfjzpf? pdwfqdkwJh EGm;i,fu jyKwfatmif? jywfatmif ½ke;f NyD; olomG ;csi&f m oGm;rSmyg/ EGm;i,ftwGuf tcsed u f s&if tdrNf cHcsnw f ikd u f kd jyefvmwwfvYdk csnw f ikd u f yJ apmifMh uw,f? vGwx f u G f oGm;wJhpdwfudk owdaumif;aumif;eJY rlvur®|mef; tm½HkudkyJ *½kpdkufapmifhMunfhay;yg/ *½kpdkufvdkufwmeJY rdrdpdwf[m ur®|mef; tm½Hkay:udk a&mufaeygNyD/ pdwf rvGwfawmhygbl;/ 'Dae&mrSm pdwfoabmudk enf;enf; &Sif;jy ygr,f/ pdwfqdkwm tm½Hkudk odwwfw,f/ a0;a0; eD;eD; tm½HkrsKd;pHkudk ,laomtm;jzifh a&mufwwfw,f/ wpfpdwfcsKyfrS wpfpdwf jzpfw,f/ aemufNyD; pdwu f kd vGwx f m;wm&,f? xde;f xm; wm&,f? pdw&f UJ oabmudk odwm&,fvYdk ok;H rsK;d cGrJ w S yf g/ pdwu f kd vGwx f m;&if raumif;wJt h m½H?k pdwyf yl ef? pdwn f pfp&mawGuo kd m tm½Hjk yKaeusjzpfawmh pdwq f if;&J ylyefrIom jzpfw,f/ 'ku©a&mufw,f ajymwmaygh/ 'gjzifh pdwu f kd xde;f xm;&r,fqjkd yefawmh xde;f w,fqw kd m aumif;wJt h m½Hak y:rSm pdwu f kd wifxm;wm/

66

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

'geeJYxed ;f &if tvSLcHy*k K¾dv?f vSLzG,yf pön;f awGukd tm½Hjk yK? oDveJY xde;f &if a&SmifMuOfp&m? vGeu f sL;p&mudk tm½Hjk yKapmifx h ed ;f &w,f/ orxqd&k ifvnf; uodP k ;f edrw d yf nwfpwJh orxtm½Hak wGukd tm½Hjk yKNyD; xde;f xm; &w,f/ pdwfudkxdef;&if ukodkvfawmh jzpfygw,f/ vTwfxm;cH&wJh om;orD;awG[m &mEIef;jynfh ysupf ;D oGm;Edik w f ,f/ xde;f odr;f cHxm;&wJh om;orD;awG uawmh aumif;wJhbufa&mufzkdY &mcdkifEIef;rsm;ayr,fh xdef;odrf;rIvGwfoGm;&if xdef;rEdkif odrf;r& jzpfwwf w,f/ raumif;wmudk cd;k aMumifc;kd 0Suf vkyw f wfw,f/ &mEIef;jynfh raumif;Edkifbl;/ taumif;qkH;uawmh ynm&Sm&r,fh t&G,f om;orD;awGukd ynm&JU tusKd;aus;Zl;? ynm&Srd S vl&m 0ifw,fpwJh ynmaumif;aMumif;awGukd em;vnfatmif ajymay;&w,f/ pD;yGm;&Sm&r,fh t&G,f om;orD;awGukd pD;yGm;a&;udk pdwfyg0ifpm;NyD; BudK;pm;vmatmif pD;yGm; &SmwJh wefzdk; ypönf;OpömjynfhpkHrS t&m&mtxufwef; a&mufEikd w f t hJ aMumif;udk oabmaygufem;vnfatmif? todÓPfeJY vufcHatmif? vufcHwJhtwdkif; vdkufvkyf atmif ajymqdkay;&w,f/ todÓPfay;&r,faygh/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

67

rdrdpdwfudkvnf; om;orD;ozG,f aumif;ap csiv f Ydk em;vnfatmif qk;H r&r,f/ ajymay;&r,f/ ud, k hf ud, k ef YJ ud, k phf w d &f UJ taMumif;udk aocsmodEikd zf Ydk BudK;pm; cdkif;&r,f/ todÓPfawGwdk;NyD; odatmifaygh/ tJ'Dvdk odatmif Munfhaewmudk pdwftvkyf vkyfw,fvkdY ac:w,f/ 'grS 0dyóemÓPf jzpfvmrSm/ 'ge? oDv? orxukodkvfawGu omreftm; jzifh pdwu f kd xde;f MuwJh tvkyaf wGyg/ ukov kd v f yk af e&if; wpfcgwpfav xde;f odr;f rIatmufuvGwNf yD; raumif;wJh tm½Hkudk a&mufaewwfwJh pdwfrsKd;vnf; jzpfoGm;wwf w,f/0dyóemqdw k mpdwu f kd vTwx f m;wmvnf;r[kw?f xdef;xm;wmvnf; r[kwf? 'D½kyf'Demrf&JU oabmudk odatmif pdwfudk Munfhcdkif;wmyg/ vGifhaewJh pdwfudk vGifhwwfwJh emrfoabm? tm½HkeJY qkHwdkif; odwwfwJh oabm? ajymif;vJwhJ oabmawGukd jrifatmif Munf&h wmyg/ tJ'v D Mkd unfEh ikd &f ifvnf; pdwrf vGwaf wmhygbl;/ —™ —™ —™

68

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- w&m;½Iwt hJ cg ESmoD;0rSmxdwmudv k nf; odaew,f/ atmufydkif;ajcaxmufu emwm? usifwmudkvnf; odaew,f/ b,f[mudk ½I&rSmvJ/ ajz - 0dyóemw&m;[m xif&Sm;wJhtm½Hkudk ½I &ygw,f/ AsKdif;vdk½Ienf;? yifhulvdk ½Ienf;vkdY ESpfrsKd; &Sdw,f/ AsKid ;f wpfaumifu v,fuiG ;f xJu a&ajrmif;rSm qefwufvmwJh ig;udk &yfapmifNh yD; EIwo f ;D eJY aumufpm; avh&w dS ,f/ uwGwaf ygufu AsKid ;f apmifw h ,fqw kd maygh/ AsKdif;[m ajcpkH&yfNyD; a&xJu qefwufvmr,fh ig;udk apmifMh unfah ew,f/ olYa&SUudk ig;a&mufvm&if awmuf qdk aumufpm;vdkufw,f/ apmifhaejyefw,f/ aemuf wpfaumif olYa&SUa&muf&if awmufqkd xyfaumufpm; vdkufw,f/ tJ'DvdkeJY tpm &Smpm;w,f/ w&m;pNyD; tm;xkwfwJh ol[m ESmoD;0? EIwf crf;zsm;? rlvur®|mef;tm½HkrSm wdk;wJh? xdwJh? vIyfwJh ½kyo f abmudk AsKdi;f vdk apmifMh unfNh yD; wd;k wdik ;f ? xdwikd ;f ? vIyw f ikd ;f odçodae&ygw,f/ rwd;k ? rxd? rvIyw f t hJ csed f

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

69

rSmvnf; apmifhMunfhae&ygw,f/ 'DoabmrsKd; pNyD; ½IyGm;&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm owdxm;&rSmu t½IcH½kyfw&m; tm½Hku ig;eJY wlw,f/ ½IwJhpdwfu AsKdif;eJY wlw,f/ a,m*DqdkwJh ½Ipdwf[m AsKdif;taersKd;eJY apmifhMunfhwJh tvkyu f o kd m vky&f ygw,f/ xdr?I wd;k rItm½H?k ig;bufu aeNyD; ydkxdatmif? ydkwdk;atmif? ydkvIyfatmif vkyfay;& wmrsKd;eJY rqdkifbl;/ vkyfvnf; rvkyf&bl;/ aemufwpfrsKd; yifhulvdk ½I&r,f qdkwmu taqmuftOD;wpfcrk mS jywif;aygufrmS jzpfjzpf? axmifh wpfae&mjzpfjzpf yifhul[m yifhultdrfudk zGJUwwfw,f/ tdrfzGJUNyD;awmh tv,frSmaeNyD; ydk;aumifi,fav;awG 0ifwdk;wmudk apmifhMunfh owdxm;w,f/ txufrSm wdk;wdk;? atmufrSmwdk;wkd;? 0J,mb,fae&mrSm wdk;wkd;? wdk;wdkif; wdk;wdkif; odNyD;awmh ydk;aumifi,fawGudk azmufNyD; pm;avh &Sdw,f/ rwdk;ao;&ifvnf; rlv ae&mrSmyJ aeNyD; apmifMh unfah ew,f/ wd;k wJt h cgrSmvnf; ,ifaumifrYkdvYkd? yd;k zvHrYkdvYkd? ESaH umifrYkdvYkdqNkd yD; pm;r,f? rpm;bl; a&G;cs,rf rI &Syd gbl;/ taumifukd azmufpm;zkYdu

70

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

t"du tvkyfyJ/ tJ'v D ykd J 0dyóemw&m;tm; xkww f wfvmwJh a,m*D[m rlvur®|mef; ESmoD;0? EIwcf rf;zsm;rSm owd uyfapmifhMunfhaeNyD; udk,faumifBuD;wpfckvkH;rSm em? usif? yl? aEG;? vIyf? Nidrf? wif;? avsmh? rm? aysmh pwJh ½kyfw&m;awGudk jzpfwdkif; odae&w,f/ ½kyfoabmudk odaewJh pdwq f w kd hJ emrfoabmudv k nf; jzpfwikd ;f odae &w,f/ tJ'grS 0dyóem ½Ienf; rSefygw,f/ ½IykH? ½Ienf; ESpfrsKd;rSm AsKdif;Oyrmu pNyD; tm; xkwfwJh olawGtwGuf oifhawmfovdk? yifhul Oyrmu tawmftoifh tm;xkwfwwfvmwJh 0dyóema,m*D awGtwGuf oifhawmfygw,f/ 'DOyrmudk oabmaygufNyD; rSefrSefuefuef ½Iwwf? yGm;wwf? tm;xkwfwwfygap/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

71

- ESmoD;0rSm wdk;wJh½kyfoabmudk at;at; aq;aq;MunfhaeEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aysmufaysmufoGm;ygw,f/ bmudk quf ½I&rvJ/ ajz - ESmoD;0rSm wd;k wJh ½kyu f kd at;at;aq;aq; ½IEdkifw,fqdkwm xdkufoifhwJh owdorm"dawG &Sdae vdkYyg/ xGufav0ifav tmemyge ur®|mef; ½kyftm½Hk w&m;[m "r®obm0udu k owdorm"dawG aumif;vm avav? aysmufovdkvdk jzpfvmavav? aemufqkH; aysmufuG,foGm;wJh txd jzpfwwfw,f/ wjcm;ur®|mef;awGuawmh owdorm"dawG aumif;avav? tm½Hkxif&Sm;avavyg/ obm0csif; uGmw,f/ ½kyfw&m;ESifh emrfw&m;rSm ½kyfu Murf;wrf; w,f? xif&Sm;w,f/ emrfu odrfarGUw,f? El;nHhw,f? rxif&mS ;bl;/ ½kyu f kd jrifEikd w f hJ owdeYJ emrfukd jrifEikd w f hJ owdvnf; tm;tpGrf;csif; uGmjcm;wmaygh/ tvkyfMurf;orm;awGu xrif;Murf;udk okH; ZvkH? av;ZvkHpm;&rS tm;&auseyfw,f/ El;nHhodrfarGU

72

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

olawGu qefaysmeh YJcsuw f hJ xrif;EkEu k kd pm;&rS oabm usw,f/ pm;vnf; wpfyef;uefavmufeJY NyD;wmygyJ/ tJ'DvdkyJ ½kyfw&m;udk MunfhaewJh owdorm"d awG[m wjznf;jznf;eJY tm;aumif;vmawmh emrf oabmudk MunfEh ikd w f hJ owdaå wG jzpfvmwmaygh/ 'Dtcg ½kyfoabmudk tm½HkrjyKbJ emrfoabmudkyJ vSrf;Munfh vdkufawmhw,f/ 'Dawmh ½kyftm½Hk[m r&Sdawmhbl;? aysmufoGm;w,fvdkY ,lqvdkufMuw,f/ pçpcsif; emrfw&m;udk awGUvdkufayr,fh ½kyf tm½HkudkyJ Munfhr,fqdkwJh todaMumifh ]][,f- bmrS r&Sdawmhygvm;? ½kyfvnf; aysmufoGm;NyD}} vkdY tHhMorI pdwf jzpfvmw,f/ udavom0ifomG ;w,f ac:wmaygh/ emrfw&m;u tm½Hx k if&mS ;ayr,fh udavom 0ifvu kd w f hJ twGuf owdorm"dawG tm;avsmNh yD; t½IceH YJ t½IÓPf vGwfxGufoGm;w,f/ wu,fqufNyD; ½I&rSmu ½kyo f abm r&Sw d mudk odaewJh emrfoabm? 'Dtm½Hk emrfoabmudkyJ xyfcg xyfcg cPwdkif;cPwdkif; owduyfNyD; quf½Iae& w,f/ 'gayr,fh ½kyf&JU wdk;wJh oabmudkyJ ½I&rSmvdkY

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

73

txifeYJ jyefNyD; &SmaewwfMuw,f/ rawGU&if rSm;w,f vkdY ,lqNyD; rwdk; wdk;atmif? rxif&Sm; xif&Sm;atmif vkyf,lwwfMuw,f/ vkyf,lwm[m trSm;qHk;yJ/ ½kyfudk jrifwJh owdorm"d ÓPfxuf emrfudk jrifwhJ owdorm"dÓPfu tqifjh rifw h ,f/ ydNk yD; owdå jzpfjzpf? ½kyu f ykd J ½I&r,f xifvYkd jzpfjzpf ½kyu f kd jyef&mS &if wuú o d k v f b G J U &NyD ; rS q,f w ef ; jyef a jzovd k jzpf a ewmaygh / xif & S m ;vmwJ h emrf o abmud k owdorm"deJY uyfNyD; odatmif BudK;pm;prf;yg/ xif&Sm;wJh oabmudk MunfhaeEdkifrS 0dyóem jzpfr,f/ —™ —™ —™

74

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- w&m;tm;xkwf&if;eJYarmovdk? touf½SL usyfovdk jzpfvmygw,f/ b,fvrkd mS ; aeovJqw kd m odcsiyf gw,f/ ajz - armovdk? usyfovdk jzpfvmw,f qdkwm rw&m; tm;xkwfvdkY raumif;usKd; jzpf? rSm;wmyg/ w&m;tm;xkww f hJ olawG odoifw h mu t½IcH tm½Hek YJ ½IwphJ w d Ef pS rf sKd;yg/ a,m*Dqw kd hJ rdru d ½IwphJ w d ef YJ omqdik w f ,f/ ½IwphJ w d u f kd owdorm"dtodÓPfaumif; zdYk BudK;pm;&r,f/ t½IcHtm½Hkqdkwmu olYobm0 t&Sd twdkif;yJ? xif&Sm;csif xif&Sm;r,f? rxif&Sm;csif&if rxif&Sm;bl;/ tm½Hkudk jyKjyifay;p&m rvdkygbl;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh emwJh tm½Hkudk rematmif? wif;wmudk aysmw h m? ylwmudk at;wmqdw k hJ tm½Ht k pm; xdk;vJwmawG vkyfaewwfMuw,f/ emvnf; emwJh oabm? remvnf; remwJh oabmaygh/ t&St d wdik ;f udk Munfhwwf? MunfhEdkif&r,f/ wif;wJhoabmudk avsmh wmeJY vIyfwJhoabmudk NidrfwmeJY rajymif;ypf&bl;/ w&m;tm;xkww f o hJ [ l m ud, k Mf unfv h w kd hJ tm½Hk udk vdkufMunfhaewmvm;? apmifhMunfhaewmvm;? ao csmpOf;pm;yg/ q&morm;cdkif;wJh tm½HkyJ jzpfjzpf? udk,f

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

75

Munfch sifwhJ tm½Hyk jJ zpfjzpf? vdu k Mf unfah e&if avmbyJ/ tpydik ;f MunfEh ikd ½f EI ikd f tm;wif;xm;rI &Sw d ek ;f awmh ½IvYkd &ovdv k ?kd [kwo f vdv k akd ygh/ wjznf;jznf; Mumvmawmh avmb&JU qd;k usK;d ? armovdv k ?kd yrf;ovdv k ?kd touf½LS usyo f vdv k kd jzpfvma&m/ 'ghaMumifh raumif;usK;d jzpfwm rw&m;tm;xkwfvdkY rSm;w,fajymwmaygh/ w&m;udk pNyD; tm;xkw&f if apmifMh unf&h w,f/ apmifMh unfw h mu owdoabm? apmifMh unf&h if ryifyrf; bl;/ abmvk;H yGw J pfyJG Munfo h vdak ygh/ ud, k u f at;at; aq;aq; apmifMh unfah e&if ESpb f ufabmvH;k orm;awG&UJ upm;uGuaf wG? upm;enf;awG em;vnfoabmayguf w,f/ 'Dvrkd S r[kwb f J wpfbufbufukd ud, k v hf yl q J Nkd yD; EdkifapcsifwJh avmbeJY vdkufMunfhae&if xdkif&rvdk? x&rvdk? udk,fvnf;yifyrf;? pdwfvnf; yifyrf;w,f/ w&m;tm½Hkudkvnf; owdeJYom at;at; aq;aq;apmifhMunfhyg/ oufawmifhoufom aeEdkif w,f/ ryifyrf;bl;/ w&m;tm;xkwf&if csrf;omw,f/ ryifyrf;bl;/ rw&m;tm;xkwf&ifawmh yifyrf;rSmyJ/ owdeJY apmifhMunfhvdkY at;at;aq;aq; csr;f omrIukd &vmayr,fh ÓPfrygao;&ifawmh tm½H&k UJ

76

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

oabmudk uGu J jJG ym;jym; rodEikd yf gbl;/ owdeYJ ½Iae&if ab;tm½Hak wG ra&mufb;l / 'gayr,fh owdtm;enf;vdYk wjznf;jznf; Mumvm&if NidrNhf idrhf NidrNhf idref YJ ud, k af umif BuD; vIyfvIyfç vIyfvIyfjzpfNyD; rdSef;vdkufaewwfw,f/ arsmvdkufaewwfw,f/ 'Dvdk jzpfwmvnf; trSm;rdkY owdxm;yg/ 0dyóemqdw k m ÓPf? jzpfwikd ;f odwmuvnf; ÓPfygyJ/ jzpfwdkif;odzdkY ÓPfay:zdkY qdkwm wpfveJY rvG,f? wpfywfeJYvnf; rvG,f? wpf&ufeJYvnf; rvG,fygbl;/ 'gqdk&if ÓPfay:zdkY tcsdefb,favmuf apmifh&rvJ ar;zdkY aumif;w,f/ taMumif;nDnGwfvkdY uawmh wpfrdepf? wpfpuúefYtwGif;rSmyJ ÓPfay:Edkif ygw,f/ ÓPfay:atmif owdu ac:Edik yf gw,f/ owd qdkwm odNyD;om;awGudk trSwf&odaewm/ 'Dowdu ÓPfudk ac:EdkifwJh owdjzpfzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f/ owdeJY ae&wmudkyJ auseyfNyD;awmh aevdkYuawmh ÓPfray: Edkifygbl;/ owdu udavom eD0&PawGudk wm;qD; xm;w,f/ tm½HkrSm ynwfuif;zkdY? y&rwf xif&Sm;zdkY?

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

77

½IpdwfrSmvnf; udavomuGmzdkY qdk&if ÓPfay:vmrS jzpfw,f/ owdeJY BudK;pm;Munfh&if; Munfh&if; *½kpdkuf tm;aumif;&if ÓPfay:vmygw,f/ tm½Hu k kd vdu k Mf unfw h mu avmb? apmifMh unfh wmu owd? jzpfwdkif; odwmu ÓPfvdkY rSwfyg/ avmbeJY vdu k Mf unfrh &d if rSm;w,f/ owdeYJom apmifMh unf?h *½kpu kd Ef ikd af v ÓPfay:Edik af vyJ/ avmbeJY owd uGmjcm;wmudk odcsif&if cgwdkif;vkyf½SL? vdkuf½SL aewmrsKd; rvkyfawmhbJ rdrdudk,fudk tomav; ouf awmifo h ufomae&if; e*dak eç ae&if; xif&mS ;wJh oabm udk r½IrrSwfbJ Munfhae½Hk? odae½Hk oabmrQavmuf om aevdu k pf rf;yg/ wd;k wm? xdwmawG[m e*dk &St d wdik ;f ay:aeygw,f/ awGUvnf;awGUEdkifygw,f/ tJ'v D kd e*d&k t dS wdik ;f Munfv h Ykd awGUaerS owdeYJ ½IwmjzpfNyD; armovdk? usyfovdk yifyrf;rIawG uif; aysmuf csrf;omtppfudk &a&mufEdkifygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

78

ar;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

- q&m0efawG vlem&JUvufaumuf0wf aoG;ckefEIef;wdkif;wJhtcg vIyfwJh½kyfudk awGU ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vIyfwmod&if w&m;&yg ovm;/ ajz - vIyw f o hJ abm[m ½kyyf g/ 'Dvykd J poifay; &if ajymjy&ygr,f/ pmoifwJhtcg pmpçoifwJh uav;awGudk ]0} vkH;a&;awmh t"dyÜm,f em;rvnfao;ayr,fh ]0} vHk; udkawmh a&;wwfatmif oifay;&wm/ zdk;vrif;vkdyJ qdkwJh todavmufeJY ajymjy&w,f/ 0w,f? ydefw,f? azmif;w,fqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fawGudkawmh wjznf;jznf;rS odvmEdkifwmaygh/ tJ'DvdkyJ w&m;p½IoltwGuf vIyfwm½kyf? Nidrf wm½kyf? ylwmat;wm ½kyf? emwmusifwm ½kyfvdkY oif ay;&wmygyJ/ aeeJYaea&mif? veJYva&mif? vQyfppfrD;oD;eJY vQpyf pfta&mifwYdk 'Dvkd oabmawG &Sad ewmudk em;vnf xm;apcsifw,f/ aea&mifudk awGU&if aeYtcg aexGufaewm

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

79

odwwf? aeudk rawGUayr,fh awGUovd/k va&mifawGU&if ntcg vçxGufw,f? vudk rawGUayr,fh awGUovdk aygh/ vQyfppfa&mifvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ/ ud, k ef YJ qufpyfNyD; wpfrsK;d NyD;wpfrsK;d azmufjyef aewJh oabmawG[m ½kyfoabmawGyg/ wu,fwrf; usawmh yl? at;? vIyf? NidrfqdkwmawGu azmufjyefwJh ½kyfoabm&JU t&dyfta,mifawGyg/ trSwfonm tm;aumif;NyD; 'Dvdkqdk vIyfw,f? Nidrfw,f? ylw,f? at;w,fvdkY pdwfrSm rSwf,lxm;wm/ poifwyhJ *k Kd¾ vaf wGtaeeJY vIyw f mud*k ½kpu kd Ef ikd zf Yk?d awGUEdik zf Ykd ukd rvG,b f ;l / awGU&if awmfawmf[w k v f mNyD/ 'gayr,fh t&dyt f a,mifyJ &Sad o;w,f/ ½kyt f ppf r[kwf ygbl;/ ½kyt f ppfu ud, k ef YJ pyfNyD; azmufjyefwhJ oabm oufoufyg? ta&miftqif; ykHoP²mefuif;w,f/ aemufwpfrsK;d udk owdxm;pOf;pm;&rSmu q&m 0ef[m vIyfwJh oabm? ckefwJh oabmudk awGUwJhtcg ½kyfcE¨m y&rwfoabmvdkY olrodbJ? ESvkH;roGif;bJ? aoG;ckeEf eI ;f b,favmuf &So d vJvYkd aq;ynm oifpOfu rSwfom;cJh&wJh onmtodawGeJY rSwfom;aewmyg/

80

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

wu,f ½kycf E¨mtppf&UJ oabmawGukd odvw kd hJ ESv;Hk oGi;f vnf; r&Sb d ;l / odatmifvnf; *½kpu kd rf Munfh bl;/ vIyw f mudo k m awGUw,f/ vIyo f abmw&m;udk ½kyw f &m;oabmtjzpf rjrifEikd yf gbl;/ ½kyf&JU t&dyfta,mifxuf ½kyftppfudk awGUzdkY? ½kyftppfudk awGU&ifvnf; ½kyftppf&JU y&rwf oabm vu©PmawGtxd jrifzdkY? odzkdY vdktyfygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh q&m0efawG? aoG;ckefEIef; prf;vkdY vIyw f m? ckew f m odcgrQeYJ ½kyu f kd odw,f? w&m;odw,f rjzpfygbl;/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

81

- 0dyóemw&m;[m tvky?f tcsed ?f ae&m? £&d,mykwfra&G; ½IvdkY&w,fqdkayr,fh xrif;tdk;wnf&if;? pmoif&if;? tvkyf vky&f if; ½Iwm r&yg/ bk&m;cef;xJ w&m; xdkifrSom &ygw,f/ vdktyfwmudk ajym jyay;yg/ ajz - 0dyóemw&m;udk tvkyf? tcsdef? ae&m £&d,mykwfra&G; ½IyGm;Edkifygw,f/ tvkyv f yk &f if; tm;xkwv f Ydrk &wm[m 0dyóem oavbmudv k nf; aocsm rodao;? tm;xkww f mvnf; em;rvnfao;vdkY jzpfwmyg/ 0dyóem tvkyfu ÓPftvkyfyg/ w&m; oabmudk toduyfNyD; MunfhaeEdkif&wm/ toduvnf; (3) rsKd; &Sw d ,f/ tm½Hek YJ qkw H ikd ;f b,ftm½Hkudkrqdk odwwfwJh pdwf&JUtod? 'DpdwfxJrSmyJ pdwef YJtwl ta&mif? tqif;? yko H P²mef&,fvYdk rSwo f m; cJhzl;wJhtwdkif; jyefNyD;awmh rSwfom;od odaewJh onm &JUtod/ aemufNyD; 'Dpw d x f rJ mS yJ onmodxuf omvGef NyD; cGJcGJjcm;jcm; uGJuGJjym;jym; t&Sdoabmtwdkif; odwJh

82

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ynm&JU todvdkY (3) rsKd; &Sdw,f/ uav;wpfa,muf &Gm½d;k avQmufNyD; ajy;vTm; aqmhupm;wJt h cg vufpyG w f pfuiG ;f aumuf&w,fqykd g pkYd/ 0g0gav;aygh/ a&TrSef;? aMu;rSef;awmh b,fodrvJ/ vufpyG u f kd ,lvmNyD; tarhujkd yw,f/ taru ]][,f... a&TvufpGyfav;ygvm;}} qdkNyD; 0rf;omoGm;w,f/ a&Tqdkwmawmh olodw,f/ rl;&nf? yJ&nf? tacguf? b,favmufwefw,f 'gawGawmh rodb;l aygh/ 'Dawmh yef;wdrfqdkifudk ajy;&w,f/ yef;wdrfq&muawmh a&T vufpGyf&JU wefzdk;udk jrifwmeJY csufjcif;odw,f/ vufpGyfrSef;om odwJh uav; oli,f? a&T vufpGyfrSef;odwJh tar? a&TvufpGyf wefzdk;tx cGJjcm; odwJh yef;wdrfq&m&,fvdkY tod (3) rsKd; uGJoGm;w,f/ uav;todu pdwo f ?d tartodu onmod? yef;wdrf q&mtodu ynmtodvkdY ac:w,f/ 0dyóemu ynmÓPftod jzpf&rSm/ owdeYJ odwmvnf; todwpfrsK;d &Sad o;w,f/ odzl;NyD;om; tm½HkawGudk pdwfu jyefodwm? roGm;ap vdkwJh tm½Hkudk roGm;atmif pdwfudkapmifha&SmufEdkifwm?

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

83

'gu owd&JU todyJ/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;&Si&f UJ omoemrSm todeYJtusiv hf Ydk ESpf rsK;d &Sw d ,f/ rSeu f efwv hJ rf;pOftay: a&mufae&ifawmifrS todreS ef YJ a&mufaewmvm;? tusirhf eS ef YJ a&mufaewm vm;vkYd uGjJ ym;ao;w,f/ ynmÓPfu todreS t f vky?f owdu tusirhf eS t f vky/f owdtm;aumif;vdYk ½Iwt hJ cg tusifh&NyD;? tusifhtm;udk;wJh yk*¾dKvftwGuf cgwdkif; tavhtusifh&SdwJh tm½Hk? trlt,m? tvkyf? ESvkH;oGif;? tcsed ef YJom tqifajywwfw,f/ tvkyv f yk &f if; udik &f if; usawmh tqifrajy jzpfwwfw,f/ tusiw hf pfcw k nf; tm;udkwmudk;/ owda&m? ÓPfyg/ tusifha&m todyg/ wpfxyfwnf; tok;H jyKwwfatmif BudK;pm;apcsiw f ,f/ tJ'aD wmh ud, k u f tm;xkwaf ewJt h cg pdwo f ?d onmodavmufeYJ auseyfaewmvm;? ynmodeYJ odae atmif BudK;pm;aewmvm;/ owdaumif;zdYk tavhtusihf oabmeJY vkyfaeMuoabm NyD;NyD;a&moabmeJY ½IyGm; aewmrsKd; rjzpfoifhbl;/ wu,fudkyJ owdaumif;&if todvnf; aumif;&r,fqw kd hJ BudK;pm;rIeYJ tm;xkwaf e

84

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

wmvm;vkdY jyefqef;ppfMunfhyg/ tvkyfra&G; tm;xkwf wwfatmif? q&m aumif;awGxH enf;cH? wu,fvnf; usifh? usifhorQ todwdk;? odorQ usifhzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f/ 0dZÆtod? p&Ptusifh wGJygrS 0dZÆmp&P orÜE*é P k af wmfeYJ jynfah wmfrw l hJ bk&m;&Si&f UJ vrf;pOfreS f ay:udk a&mufr,f/ 'Doabmudk em;vnfNyD; vdt k yfwm jznfq h nf; Edkif&if vkyf&if;udkif&if;? w&m;tm;xkwfEdkifvdkY? w&m; t&om aumif;usKd;csrf;omawGukd &&Scd pH m;Edik yf gw,f/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar; ajz yg/

85

- ]]a0'emukerf S edAmÁ ef&}} qdw k mudk &Si;f jy ay;yg/ - a0'em? uke?f edAmÁ efvYdk (3) ydik ;f ydik ;f vdu k f

ed A Á m ef q d k w m ed a &m"opö m ? csKyf N id r f ; rI trS e f w &m; yg/ qd k i f & mud a vomawG ? tyl a wG csKyf N id r f ; wJ h o abmeJ Y ½k y f e mrf c E¨ m awG tm;vk H ; csKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;oGm;wJhoabmvdkY (2) rsKd; &Sdw,f/ ½kyef mrfcE¨mawG tm;vk;H ukeq f ;Hk csKyNf idr;f wm[m bk&m;&[EÅmawGt&Sijf rwfwY&kd UJ aemufq;Hk y&deAd mÁ efpcH sKyNf ird ;f rIyg/ w&m; tm;xkww f hJ a,m*Dy*k K¾d vfawGeYJ rqdik af o; ygbl;/ qdkif&m r*fpdwfaMumifh qdkif&mudavomawG ukefqkH;csKyfNidrf;wmeJYom qdkifygw,f/ avmbukew f m edAmÁ efy?J a'goukew f m edAmÁ efy?J arm[ukefwm edAÁmefyJ/ bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;&JU wdkuf½dkufa[m awmfrlwJh rkcspum;yg/ avmbwPSm? ork',opöm csKyfNidr;f wmudk ac:ygw,f/ wPSmacgif;aqmifwhJ rme? 'd|?d 0Dpu d pd mä pwJh udavomawG ukeq f ;Hk csKyfNidr;f wmyg/ wjcm;½kyf"mwf? emrf"mwfawG csKyfNidrf;ao;wm r[kwf

86

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ao;ygbl;/ bk&m;&Siaf wmfjrwf&UJ w&m;pum;awmfawGu wdu k ½f u kd , f q l &wJh rkcspum;? oG,0f u kd , f q l &wJh Oypm pum;vkdY &Sdygw,f/ qdMk uygpdYk / xrif;csufw,f? xrif;cl;w,f? xrif;pm;w,fqw kd hJ pum;ok;H cGe;f rSm xrif;awmh xrif; ygyJ? 'gayr,fh xrif;csufw,fvdkY ajymwmeJY xrif; jzpfNyD;om; r[kwaf wmhb;l / xrif;rjzpfao;wJh qefukd csuw f myg/ tm;vk;H vnf; em;vnfw,f/ vufcv H nf; vufcHw,f/ b,folurS xrif;tppfukdyJ csufwmvdkY twif; ZGwrf jiif;Muygbl;/ wu,fvnf; qefukd csuf Muwmyg/ oG,f0dkufajymwJh oabmaygh/ xrif ; cl ; w,fqkdwJh pum;uawmh xrif; qdkwm qefr[kwfawmhbl;/ csufNyD;om; xrif;udkom ajymwmvkdY vlwdkif; em;vnfw,f? vufcHw,f/ wu,fvnf; xrif;cl;&if csuNf yD;om; xrif;tppfuykd J cl;ygw,f/ qefudk rcl;ygbl;/ wdkuf½dkufajymw,fvdkY ac:w,f/ kd hJ pum;uawmh aemufNyD; xrif;pm;w,fqw qefukd pm;wmvnf;r[kw?f xrif;csn;f oufouf pm;

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

87

wmvnf; r[kwfawmhbl;/ xrif;? [if;? iyd? wkdYp&m tpkHudk pm;wmygyJvdkY vlwdkif;oabmaygufw,f/ xrif;vdYkyJ ajymw,f? [if;rygeJY? 'Dwikd ;f pm;vkYd b,fol rS ZGwfjiif;rSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'guvnf; wdkuf½dkuf ajymwmr[kwfwJh oG,f0dkufpum;aygh/ xrif;csufw,f? xrif;cl;w,f? xrif;pm; w,fqdkwJh pum;okH;rsKd;rSm xrif;csif;wlygvQuf qef? xrif;? xrif;[if;tpkHvkdY bmaMumifh okH;rsKd;uGJ&ovJ qdk&if pmayorm;rsm; ydkNyD;odygw,f/ ]]cyfodrf;0gus? [lorQwGif? Bud,mom? y"meaywnf;}} wJh/ Bud,m tjyKtrl? tvkyaf y:rlwnfNyD; uGo J mG ;wmaygh/ csuw f ,f? cl;w,f? pm;w,fvkdY uGJoGm;wmyg/ csufw,f Bud,m aMumifh qefjzpfomG ;w,f?cl;w,f Bud,maMumifh xrif; jzpfomG ;w,f? pm;w,f Bud,maMumifh xrif;[if; tpkH jzpfoGm;w,f/ ]]a0'em ukefrS edAÁmef&}} qdkwJh pum;rSm Bud,mtaeeJY ]ukef} qdkwm ygw,f/ qdkufa&muf&rSmu edAÁmef eda&m"opöm/ yGm;rsm;&rSmu r*¾if&Spfyg;? owdy|mefw&m;? r*¾opöm/

88

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ydkif;jcm;od&rSmu ½kyfemrfcE¨m? 'ku©opöm/ ukef&? csKyfNidrf;&? y,fowf&rSmu wP§m? avmbeJY taygif;yg udavom? ork',opöm/ 'Dopömav;yg;u wdu k ½f u kd f rdeYfawmfrw l hJ bk&m; &Sif&JU pum;yg/ tck ukefrSqdkwJh pum;[m rkcstm;jzifh bmudk ukef&rvJ qdk&if wPSm? ork',opöm? udavomawG jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh a0'emukefvkdY ajymaeMuawmh a0'empum;[m wdkuf½dkufpum;vm;? oG,f0dkufpum; vm;qdkwm pOf;pm;&ygr,f/ wdkuf½dkufpum;t& a0'emqdkwm tm½Hk&JU t&omudk cHpm;wwfwJh a0'emapwoduf emrfw&m;? 'kuo © pömyg/ oG,0f u kd pf um;t&qd&k ifawmh ud, k ef mwJh tcgrSm pdwef mwwfw,f/ ud, k u f si&f if pdwu f siw f ,f/ udk,fyl&if pdwfylwwfw,f/ udk,fum,&JU emusifwJh a&m*g ½kyfoabm tm½Hkudk tm½HkjyKNyD; oabmruswJh cHpm;rIa0'emeJY a'gotukov kd pf w d jf zpfNyD; pdwyf gemusif aewwfw,f/ tm½Hku emusifwJh um,du'ku©? ½kyftm½Hk 'ku©opöm w&m;/ ydkif;jcm;od&rSm/

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

89

a0'emu tJ'Dum,du 'ku© ½kyftm½HkudkyJ tm½Hjk yKNyD; oabmruswhJ cHpm;rI 'kua© 0'em? 'kuo © pöm w&m;/ ydkif;jcm;od&rSm/ 'kua© 0'emaMumifh jzpfvmwJh ,SOaf zmf,OS zf uf tukodkvfa'gopdwfu apwodu'ku©? 'ku©opöm/ ydik ;f jcm;od&rSm/ 'ku©opömudk jzpfay:apwJh a'go? udavom taMumif;&if; avmb? wP§m? ork',opömudk csKyf Nidrf;atmif? ukefqkH;atmif y,fowf&rSm/ apwodu 'kuu © kd jzpfapwwfwhJ a'gopdwx f u J udavoma'go? avmbpdwfxJu udavomavmb? arm[ pdwfxJu udavomarm[ pwJh udavomawGudk pdwfrSmtuyf rcHrS tNyD;y,fowfrS edAÁmefa&mufEdkifw,f/ a,m*DawGajymwJh a0'emukew f ,fqw kd m pdwf qif;&J&muae pdwfcsrf;omvmvdkY 'ku©a0'emu okc a0'emudk ajymaeMuwmyg/ 'ku©tm½Hku okctm½Hkudk ajymif;oGm;ayr,fh a0'emuawmh tNrJygaeygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh a0'emqdkwJh pum;t& a0'em[m tm½Hjk zpfwhJ emusirf aI &m*g ½kyw f &m;udk oG,0f u kd , f &l rSm vm;? a0'em,SOw f hJ pdwrf mS ygaewJh udavom avmb?

90

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

a'gopwmawGudk ,l&rSmvm;/ oabmaygufvdkuf prf;yg/ ukefqdkwJh Bud,mpum;aMumifh y,f&r,fh ork',opöm avmb? wPSm? udavomawGudk ,l& rSmyg/ bk&m;&[EÅmt&Sijf rwfawGaomfrS ud, k ef musirf ?I ½kyaf &m*gw&m;awG &Sad eMuygao;w,f/ pdwef musifrI taMumif;t&if; wPSmudavomawGom ukefoGm;Mu wmyg/ t
0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

ar;

91

- w&m;tm;xkwfwJholeJY tm;rxkwfwJhol bmuG m jcm;ygovJ / ajz - 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwrf eI YJ qdik w f ,fvYkd ESvkH;oGif;NyD; ajzygr,f/ todÓPfw;kd wufatmif 0dyóem tm;xkwf olawG[m todÓPf wdk;wufwmeJYtrQ udavom tyltm;awG avsmhvmw,f/ pdwfqif;&J'ku©awG avsmh vmw,f/ udk,fcsrf;om? pdwfcsrf;omrIawG wdk;vm w,faygh/ xrif;pm;wJt h cg vufaq;NyD; pm;wmeJY vuf raq;bJ pm;wm bmuGmovJvYkd ar;&if pm;wJh xrif;? pm;wJh [if;? pm;wJh yef;uef? pm;vkYd ukew f mcsi;f twlwl ygyJ/ pm;wmaomufwmu ruGmbl;/ vufraq;awmh rpifrMu,f? roefYr&Sif;eJY ygvmwJh tnpftaMu;awG aMumifh 0rf;azm0rf;a&mif? 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ysuf? wjcm; a&m*gawGyg &vmw,f/ pm;orQtpm tm;rjzpfbJ tema&m*g jzpfukefwmaygh/ vufaq;NyD;pm;wJholu pifMu,foefY&Sif;wJh twGuf a&m*guif;NyD; 'ku©ra&mufbl;/ pm;orQ tpm

92

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

tm;jzpfwmaygh/ tJ'DvdkyJ pD;yGm;a&;? BuD;yGm;a&;? vIrIa&; ynm a&;? wdik ;f jynfta&;pwJh vkyif ef;udik if ef; vkyMf uwmcsi;f [m w&m;tm;xkww f o hJ l jzpfjzpf? tm;rxkww f o hJ jl zpfjzpf twlwl vkyfMu? udkifMuwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh todÓPfenf;? udavomtylawG rsm;aewJh w&m;tm;rxkwfwJholawG[m t&m&mrSm pdwyf ifyrf;? ud, k yf ifyrf; qif;&JwmawGeYJ BuHKMu&r,f/ avmu"HeYJ BuHK&ifvnf; todÓPfenf;wJt h wGuaf Mumifh ydkNyD; pdwfnpf? ydkNyD; 'ku©a&mufwwfw,f/ 0dyóemÓPf? todÓPf &Sdol[m pdwfylyef rIawG avsmhenf;NyD; b,fvkd avmu"HeYJ BuHKBuHK &ifqikd f Edik w f ,f/ &ifqikd &f w J ,f/ &ifqikd w f wfw,f/ todÓPf aMumifh pdwyf ifyrf;? ud, k yf ifyrf; rjzpfb;l / aumif;usKd; csrf;omyJ t& rsm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk uGmygw,f/ —™ —™ —™

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

93

qkawmif;vTmESifh tmoDo e e e

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; trSwpf Of (1) pmtkyu f kd pDpOfa&;om; jyKpkaqmif &Guf&aom r[mukokdvfuHonf aAm"dÓPf\ taxmuftyHh jzpfygapownf;/ jyKcJh&aom yg&rDtpkpk ukodkvfaumif;rI wdkY\ tzdkYbm*udk q&mocif aus;Zl;&Sif? rdcif zcif? aqGrsKd;y&dowf? 'um-'umrtaygif; wkdYESifh jriftyf? rjriftyf ESpf&yfaomy&dowf wkdYtm; trQ ay;a0yg\/ trQ ay;a0yg\/ trQ ay;a0yg\/ 0rf;ajrmufEkarmf om"kac: EdkifMuonf jzpfí xyfwlxyfrQ tusKd;&Muyg apukefownf; / /

94

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

d 0dyóem w&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; trSwfpOf (1) pmtkyfudk zwf½I&aom &[ef; &Sifvl rnfolrqdk tqkH;trrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh w&m;tar;rsm;udk ay;ydkYEdkifygonf/ tqkH;trudk emcHvsuf vdktyfcsufudk jyKjyifí w&m;tar;rsm;udk xyfrHajzMum;ay;ygrnf/ e "r® ' l w t&S i f a qud E ´ aygufapwDausmif; (8) rdkif? r&rf;ukef; &efuek Nf rdKU/ (-660148

("r® ' l w armif p pf u d k i f ; ) "r®'lw awm& awmifpeG ;f ? bDvif;NrdKUe,f? rGefjynfe,f/ (-01

96

0dyóemw&m;oifwef; tar;tajzrsm; (1)

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf trSwf 48^98 (9) rsufESmzkH;cGifjyKcsuftrSwf 45^98 (9) tkyfa& (1000) xk w f a 0ol v d y f p m a':a&Ttdrf wdkif;vif;pmaywdkuf (01299) 8^65? tkyfpk(3)? atmifod'd¨vrf;? apmfbmG ;BuD;uke;f ? tif;pdeNf rdKUe,f? &efuek Nf rdKU/ yk H E S d y f o l a':usifvIdif ausmhatmifatmhzfquf (03249) trSwf(78)? 44 vrf;? AdkvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f? &efuek Nf rdKU/ jzef Y c sd a &; yg&rDpmay 230? 29 vrf; (txufvrf;)? &efukef? zkef;-253246 2^4? urÇmat;apwDawmfrkcfOD;apmif;wef;? &efuek /f

TaYar No(1).pmd - Dhamma Web

&moDOwktaeeJY ylvGef;&if? at;vGef;&if udk,fqif;&JrIudk jzpfapw,f/ &moDOwk azmufjyefrI. vGefuJrIeJY awGUBuHK&if jyKjyifNyD; OwknDrQatmif aewwf. &w,f/ 'grS udk,fcsrf;omw,f/ tpm;taomuf udpörSmvnf; rwnfhwm rpm;. &bl;? vGefvGefuJuJvnf; rpm;&bl;/ oifhawmfwJh tpmudk rQw½HkyJ pm;&w,f/ usef;rma&;eJY avsmfwmudk.

324KB Sizes 4 Downloads 105 Views

Recommend Documents

Untitled - Dhamma Web
vdr®mcsif vdr®m? vJcsifvJ? uGJcsifuGJ? igeJYrqdkifygbl;? rpGJvef;ygbl;vdkY vlNydef;pdwf"wfeJY rsufESmvTJ rqdkif? rpGJvef;rsKd;awGuvnf; &Sdaeawmh vG ...

Dhamma Discourses
the most proficient in expressing the Buddha's Dhamma in terms of absolute truth .... yogi who can find danger in them; that yogi will enjoy the pleasures (pīti and.

Dhamma-Everywhere-V1.0.Ilustrated.pdf
use or to give away to friends. Kindly ask for permission from Ashin Tejaniya first before. doing any translations on this book. Shwe Oo Min Dhamma Sukha ...

Dhamma-Everywhere-V1.0.Ilustrated.pdf
the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One. Page 4 of 242. Dhamma-Everywhere-V1.0.Ilustrated.pdf. Dhamma-Everywhere-V1.0.Ilustrated.pdf. Open. Extract. Open with.

VERSION 3.0-Dhamma Reflactions-pdf book.pdf
There was a problem previewing this document. Retrying... Download. Connect more apps... Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item. VERSION 3.0-Dhamma Reflactions-pdf book.pdf. VERSION 3.0-Dhamma Reflactions-pdf book.pdf. Open. Extract. Ope

01.Dhamma Padaya (Puppha Wagga)......pdf
Page 1 of 1. Page 1 of 1. 01.Dhamma Padaya (Puppha Wagga)......pdf. 01.Dhamma Padaya (Puppha Wagga)......pdf. Open. Extract. Open with. Sign In. Main menu. Displaying 01.Dhamma Padaya (Puppha Wagga)......pdf. Page 1 of 1.Missing:

pdf-1418\web-architecture-web-design-and-web-development ...
... the apps below to open or edit this item. pdf-1418\web-architecture-web-design-and-web-development-questions-and-answers-by-suresh-basandra.pdf.

Web Designing & Web Development Tutorial Series - Introduction ...
Page 4 of 12. Difference Difference between Static & Dynamic Websites. Pawan Mall's Production. Static Web. Page/Website. Dynamic Web. Page/Website.

Web Appendix
We again assume U(x)=x throughout, following Doyle. As in our paper and in. Bleichrodt, Rohde, and Wakker (2009; BRW henceforth), we write ln for the natural logarithm instead of Doyle's log. As in the main text, (T:F) denotes receiving $F>0 at time

Web API_Final
All rights reserved. ASP.NET WEB API: HTTP MESSAGE LIFECYLE. ASP.NET Hosting. HTTP Message Handlers. Controller. Model Binding. Controller Action.

Web Appendix
We again assume U(x)=x throughout, following Doyle. As in our paper and in. Bleichrodt, Rohde, and Wakker (2009; BRW henceforth), we write ln for the natural.

With the evolution from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0, web ...
With the introduction of social networking sites, blogs, forums, and wikis, it is ... Evolving further, websites such as Amazon.com and Yahoo provide features such as .... 10. The layers of information can be grouped into four levels of information.

XML Programming: Web Applications and Web ...
Listings 1 - 11 - using XML data with relational databases. • building ...... DTDs are good at design time, and they are useful as a concise description of a shared ...

XML Programming: Web Applications and Web ...
Listings 1 - 11 - a degree in Russian from an ivy league school in the United States. He has pub- ..... XML IS THE CENTRAL TECHNOLOGY of the Internet. When it first ...... All their contributions are online, together with an excellent. 74. Chapter ..

Web 2.0: The New Face of the Web
Web 2.0: The NeW Face oF The Web. 3. Introduction. This is one of a series of white ... Prior to 2001, web sites were relatively static, designed to push information to ... Blogging and social networking comprise the largest segment of growth, ...

Web architecture and components which enable internet and web ...
Retrying... Web architecture and components which enable internet and web functionality.pdf. Web architecture and components which enable internet and web ...

The Mobile Web in Developing Countries - World Wide Web Consortium
1. The Mobile Web in Developing Countries. Ravi Jain [email protected] ... The explosive growth of mobile phones and mobile voice services in developing countries has led .... competition, regulation and the attributes of the fixed network.

Web architecture and components which enable internet and web ...
Page 2 of 4. Components: Web servers: This is server that the web hosting services would use to host your website, giving you a set. space on a server they own that holds your website so people can view it. This allows the. use of web applications, a

web aarest.pdf
There was a problem previewing this document. Retrying... Download. Connect more apps... Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item. web aarest.pdf.

negative
Jun 3, 2016 - Oil near USD50/bbl but industry players not excited ... should disconnect oil services players' stock price with oil price as ..... Software Technology • Telcos ..... constituting legal, accounting or tax advice, and that for accurate