THE SLAVE ROUTE
Sugar, coffee, cotton, tobacco Cheap jewellery etc., weapons Trans-Atlantic slave trade F. DOUGLASS*
W. E. DU BOIS*
A. DUMAS*
St-BENEDICT *
Trans-Saharan slave trade
;;;;; ;;;;; ;;;;; ;;;;; ;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;;;
Sorting and distribution center Raiding zone
Copenhagen Liverpool
TOUSSAINT P. ROBESON* LOUVERTURE*
10%
Slave import zone
Amsterdam
London Bristol Nantes
Venice Genoa
Bordeaux
Percentage of deported slaves
Palermo
Seville
Ouargla
Charleston
Tripoli
Doudou Diene Director of the Division of Intercultural Dialogue
Marzuq
Karachi
Cape Verde Islands
A AR MB BA
BA RU Ouidah YO ASHANTI A Lagos D BE ARA NI Calabar Elmina N Accra
GORÉE Island
Cartagena
LO AN GO
Cabinda
A MAKU
Quelimane
Island MAURITIUS
Aggregate number of deportees from the 8th to the middle of the 19th century for all slave trades: 24 million at least.
RÉUNION Island (Bourbon)
Robben Island
Montevideo
Valparaiso
THE SLAVE TRADE AND THE POPULATION OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT
Tamatave MADAGASCAR
Total African population in the middle of the 19th century: 100 million
O C E A N
Buenos Aires
17th Century
100
CA ISL RIBB AND EAN S
000
18th Century
SENEGAMBIA
00
1807
000
Gorée
GOUADELOUPE REVOLT, 1656
SENEGAMBIA
0
Gorée
GOUADELOUPE 1737
GHANA 00
70 00 00 0
00
1
00 00 0
Pernambuco Bahia
1
00 200
0
ABOLITION * IN U-S
Ouidah
O CC RO
1 90 00 00
St. DOMINGO C I S A R IBB L A N EAN DS
GUINEA
Elmina
Gorée
Calabar
GUINEA Elmina
Ouidah
Calabar
CONGO KONGO
00
0
1
SANTO DOMINGO 1791 CA I S R IB BE LA A N N DS
00 00 0
DENMARK 1792 HOLLAND 1815 ABOLITION * ENGLAND 1807 IN EUROPE FRANCE 1815 PORTUGAL 1830
19th Century
VIRGINIA
17
Estimated total size that the African population would have reached in the middle of the19th century in the absence of any slave trade: 200 million
O C E A N
700 000
550 000
30 000
I N D I A N
DU OVIMBUNDU
A T L A N T I C
10%
EQUATOR
ZANZIBAR
MBUN
Rio de Janeiro
0
© UNESCO 2000
Pernambuco Bahia
7
Malaka
Mombassa
O KONG O G NDON
Luanda
Bahia
DA
0 00
Gorée
LUN
SOCOTRA
0 60
ISLANDS
BOBANGI
Slave Coast
Pernambuco
40%
Aden s ost gP in
0 00
0 00
Zabid
0 70
E AN
Goa
Timbuktu
Tr ad
PUERTO RICO Santo Domingo
JAMAICA
BENIN
Veracruz
Canton Macao
Aswan
GHANA
Mexico
Jamestown
IB B
Nagasaki
40%
DEPORTATION FLOWS, 15th-16th Centuries
AR
Basra
Alexandria
Canary Islands
3
1
Cabinda Luanda
00 00 0 Bahia
ANGOLA
KONGO Zanzibar 0 40
BAHIA REVOLTS (1807 AND 1835)
0 00
ABOLITION * IN BRAZIL
1888
00
0
1 900 000 Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
LourençoMarques
date * Official of Abolition Montevideo Buenos-Aires
Zanzibar 900 Kilwa Ibo ANGOLA Cabinda Luanda
Montevideo Buenos-Aires
40 7 0 0 0
Inhambane
Design andcartography: Nancy FRANÇOIS – Print: ARIZONA GRAPHIC
These slave trade maps are only a "first draft". Based on currently available historical data about the triangular trade and slavery, they should be completed to the extent that the theme networks of researchers, set up by UNESCO, continue to bring to light the deeper layers of the iceberg by exploiting archives and oral traditions. It will then be possible to understand that the black slave trade forms the invisible stuff of relations between Africa, Europe, the Indian Ocean, the Americas and the Caribbean.
BENIN and GHANA are current designations of areas called differently at the time of the Slave Trade * Historic personalities who fought against the black Slave Trade, Slaves or descendants of Slaves (St. Benedict and Pushkin)
Istanbul
Rome Lisbon
Azores Islands
(Supply source of the trans-Atlantic slave trade)
BOBANGI
Rotterdam
CUBA
The history of this dissimulated tragedy, its deeper causes, its modalities and consequences have yet to be written: This is the basic objective that the UNESCO's member states set for the "Slave Route" Project. The issues at stake are: historical truth, human rights, and development. The idea of "route" signifies, first and foremost, the identification of "itineraries of humanity", i.e. circuits followed by triangular trade. In this sense, geography sheds light on history. In fact, the triangular trade map not only lends substance to this early form of globalization, but also, by showing the courses it took, illuminates the motivations and goals of the slave system.
;;
Large slave-trade port in Africa
MO
T
European or American slave-ship port
SCHOELCHER*
Mos lem
he slave trade represents a dramatic encounter of history and geography. This four century long tragedy has been one of the greatest dehumanizing enterprises in human history. It constitutes one of the first forms of globalization. The resultant slavery system, an economic and commercial type of venture organization, linked different regions and continents: Europe, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the Americas. It was based on an ideology: a conceptual structure founded on contempt for the black man and set up in order to justify the sale of human beings (black Africans in this case) as a mobile asset: For this is how they were regarded in the "black codes", which constituted the legal framework of slavery.
400
Trans-Saharan slave trade
A. S. PUSHKIN*
Il Moro
