Name:__________________ Class period:_______
Test date & assignments are due: _______________
Child Development Unit: Prenatal development
10
1-Vocabualry words, examples
10
2-Pregnancy terminology
5
3-Reasons & guidelines, What do you know about genes?
5
4-Signs & complications
5
5-Fertilization, Teen pregnancy
10
6-Female reproductive organs (with colored illustration)
5
7-DVD: Biology of prenatal development
5
8- Birth defects, testing, preventing
10 5 10 5 10 5 10 110
9-Heredity vs. Environment case study, Nurturing studies 10-Birth defects chart 11-Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 12-Pregnancy and nutrition 13-Menu for pregnant woman 14-Breast feeding vs. Formula feeding, Stages of labor 15 & 16-Defintions with identified category Total Points
Vocabulary Words Directions: define each term; list an example of how this term relates to you personally (can be an experience, personal example, something you have observed, etc.) Definition
Example or personal connection
Dominant gene Recessive gene Recessive gene Infertility Infertility Lactation consultant
No example required
Lactation consultant Fixed expense Flexible expense Fixed expense Maternity/Paternity Flexible Leave expense• *Show
No example required
Maternity/Paternity Leave *Crowning
No example required
Identical twin twin Identical Fraternal twin Fraternal twin *Amniotic fluid Show *Amniotic sac
No example required No example required
Crowning *Congenital Neural tube defects Gestation period
1
Pregnancy Terminology
Directions: match the vocabulary term with the correct definition.
Fontanel Delivery Active labor Episiotomy Braxton hick contractions Postnatal Miscarriage Postpartum Apgar score Crowning Obstetrician Circumcision Postpartum depression Still birth Contractions Inactive labor Afterbirth Cesarean (C-section) Labor Premature 1-Uterus contracts at irregular intervals during pregnancy, prepares the uterus for labor.
Lightening Dilation Pediatrician Placenta Breech Colostrum
2-When a full term baby is dead at birth. 3-The soft spot on top of the baby's head where the skull bones have not grown together. 4-When a baby is delivered through a cut in the abdominal wall. 5-Rich, watery fluid that comes from the mother's breast before milk comes. 6-The placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac and lochia delivered as the third stage of labor. 7-Time from birth to 6 weeks for mother. 8-Birth of the baby from birth canal to the outside world. 9- Physician who is trained in female concerns but also gives prenatal care, delivers babies, and gives postnatal care. 10-Purpose is to open the cervix to about 4 cm, longest least uncomfortable labor, often occurs at home. 11-Time from birth to 6 weeks for baby. 12-Removal of extra skin at the head of a penis. 13-Tightening of uterine muscles that help move the baby from the uterus to and through the birth canal. 14-Refers to the size of the round opening of the cervix.10 cm or 5 fingers. 15- Cutting of perineum during birth to prevent skin from tearing and make the delivery easier. 16-The physician trained to care for children up to the age of adolescence. 17-Attached at the end of the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to transport nourishment from mother to baby. 18-Movements of the baby into head down position at the end of pregnancy providing relief of pressure on the rib cage. 19-The cervix dilates from 3-7 cm., contractions 2-3 minutes apart. 20-When the baby is born bottom or feet first. 21-When the baby's head can be seen at the vaginal opening and is ready to be born. 22-A baby born before developing full term and usually weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds. 23-A baby is delivered before fully developed and is not able to survive outside the womb. 24-A visual reading of the newborn which checks color, respiration, reflex irritability, pulse, and muscle tone. 1 & 5 minutes. 25-The work of the mother and baby to help the baby be delivered. 26-Feeling sad, unmotivated, difficult to complete daily tasks, may or may not cry a lot. 2
Reasons and guidelines for teaching children about sexuality 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
What do you know genes? Ovum Syndrome Conception Dominant Carrier
3
Monozygotic Germ cell Dizygotic Chromosome Genes
Signs of pregnancy Most Common Sign: ***lt is too late to prepare for pregnancy*** NOTE: because stress can cause a person to miss a period, do not assume you are pregnant if you miss a period. The physical signs of pregnancy may not be accurate; a pregnancy test is used to verify the pregnancy. This test can be done at the doctor's office or a test purchased at the pharmacy by the woman herself. This test is done using a urine sample and is considered to be extremely accurate. Some Changes In Mother's Body: Staying in good health is the most important responsibility of a pregnant woman. She takes care of herself during this and her child. Suggestions: * * *
*
Complications that may occur in pregnancy Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion: It is estimated that 1 out of 5 babies is born with some type of genetic defect. Nature itself takes care of the worst genetic problems, many pregnancies end because of genetic defects before the mother even realizes she is pregnant, usually in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Stillbirth: Premature Delivery: "Premature" means 2-3 months early. These babies usually have health problem, especially lung development and are usually low birth weight. Low Birth Weight: Toxemia/Preeclampsia: condition that includes: high blood pressure, swelling, rapid weight gain, headaches, blurred vision, convulsions, coma or even death. Effects of Smoking. Oxygen is robbed from the baby causing heartbeat to speed up. More likely to: * * * Rh Factor: disorder that occurs when Rh-positive blood cells of fetus enter the Rh-negative blood stream of the mother. Gestational Diabetes: diabetes caused by pregnancy, after delivery mother's body will return to normal. Thrombo Phlebitis: Varicose Veins: Placenta Previa: placenta is low in the uterus, can block the birth of the baby. Sometimes the placenta separates from the uterus wall before birth of the baby. This leaves the baby without oxygen and can cause bleeding. 4
Fertilization • • • • •
Ovulation occurs when an egg is released from the ovary. It then travels through the fallopian tube and enters the uterus. Conception occurs when an egg is fertilized by 1 sperm. This normally occurs in the fallopian tube. Each egg and sperm contains 23 chromosomes. When combined, 46 chromosomes produce a human being. This newly formed cell begins to divide and is called a zygote. As cell continue to divide the zygote travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus. The zygote finds an appropriate area to implant inside the uterus.
Menstrual Cycle
PHASES OF MENSTRATION PHASE1 (1-5 DAYS):
PHASE 2 (6-9 DAYS):
PHASE 3 (10-14 DAYS):
PHASE 4 (15-28 DAYS):
Teen pregnancy Directions: Describe how each of the items listed below may be affected when a teenager has a baby. Physical: Financial: Emotional: Heath risks to mother: Health risks to baby: Social: Education: 5
Female Reproductive Organs Cervix-
Ovaries-
Endometrium-
Ovulation-
Fallopian tube-
Perineum-
Fertilization-
Uterus (womb)-
Fimbria-
Urethra-
Ovum (ova)-
VaginaRectum-
Color and label
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DVD Notes: Biology of Prenatal Development http://www.ehd.org/ 1. The first 8 weeks, the baby is known as an ______________________. This word means _______________________. What happens during this crucial time of development? 2. What is the purpose of DNA? 3. What does the placenta do? 4. What are the “ectoderm”. “endoderm” and “mesoderm”? 4a. What do they become? 4b. When are these organs being formed? 5. After the first 8 weeks, the baby is known as a __________________________. It is now recognizable as a human being. 6. What is meconium? 7. When can a mother first sense movement of the fetus inside the uterus?
8.What is vernix? What does it do? 9. Some babies are capable of surviving outside of the womb at 20 weeks. What have they developed to be able to survive?
10. What is the purpose of fat inside and outside of the womb? 11. Describe 5 interesting things you learned while watching the movie? * * * * *
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Birth Defects Basic Facts 1-Causes of birth defects: A. B. C. 2-The causes of birth defects differ greatly. Some are caused by
from one or both parents. Some are .
3-Prenatal development occurs very rapidly. In only the baby develops all of its body systems needed to survive and live normally. During this time, the fetus is totally dependent upon the mother to provide . 4-Environmental factors that might contribute to birth defects: A. B. C.
D.
Testing for Birth Defects A. Ultrasound
B. Amniocentesis
C. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Preventable Birth Defects Drugs (legal and illegal) Any drug that a woman takes passes through the placenta into the bloodstream of the fetus. Even drugs that have been prescribed by a doctor can be harmful to a developing baby. Medication should be taken only when: Drugs can cause: A.
F.
B.
G.
C.
H.
D.
I. 8
Heredity or Environment? There are many factors that influence the development of a child. Next to each statement below write: H if the factor is influenced by heredity, write E if the factor is influenced by the environment, write B if the factor is influenced by both the environment and heredity. 1. COLOR OF HAIR. 2. COLOR OF EYES. 3. COLOR OF SKIN 4. GENERAL HEALTH OF THE BABY 5. PERSONALITY TRAITS OF THE CHILD 6. STRENGTH OF EYESIGHT 7. PHYSICAL STRENGTH 8. RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY 9.RELATIONSHIPS WITH FRIENDS
10. LEVEL OF EDUCATION 11. GENDER 12.BODY TYPE 13. WEIGHT 14. RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT 15. IQ 16. HEIGHT 17. BLOOD TYPE 18. DEFECTS FROM PARENTS
Case study Read the following case study and list the various influences in the spaces provided: Sammy has brown eyes and is 5 years old. She attends a neighborhood preschool everyday. Her teachers have fallen in love with her witty personality and honey-colored hair. She is very intelligent and does well with the tasks assigned to her. Sammy’s parents are divorced and she misses her dad very much. Sammy has juvenile arthritis and must see the doctor often. At her last doctor’s visit the doctor reminded Sammy’s mom that diabetes has run in her family for several generations, and that Sammy should be watched closely for any early symptoms of diabetes. Sammy’s growth chart shows that she will probably be small for her age. Hereditary influences:
Environmental influences:
Nurturing studies List a brief description of the studies and their findings: 1946 Rene Spitz
Harry Harlow (monkeys)
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Birth Defects Chart Disease Down’s Syndrome
Genetic or Environmental
Description
PKU
Sickle Cell Anemia
Muscular Dystrophy
Spina Bifida (Neural tube defects)
Cleft lip & cleft pallet
Club foot/hand
Tay-Sachs
Cerebral Palsy
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Treatment
How Much Do You Know About Alcohol and Pregnancy? Pre-Test 1.
A person can always identify a child with an FASD by the way he/she looks. T or F
2.
FASD the leading known cause of mental and physical birth defects. T or F
3.
FASD is 100% preventable. T or F
4.
It is okay for a woman to have up to two glasses of wine a night while she is pregnant. T or F
5.
Education is a good way to prevent FASD. T or F
6.
While a woman is pregnant, she should engage in physical activity? T or F
7.How many drinks are considered safe for pregnant women to drink? a. 1 drink per day b. 1 drink per week c. 5-7 drinks per sitting d. No amount of alcohol is considered to be safe 8.Up to ___________ children are affected each year by mothers who drank alcohol during pregnancy? a. 5,000 b. 25,000 c. 40,000 d. 50,000 9.When the pregnant mother drinks alcohol, the alcohol can have a_______ effect on her baby? a. Behavioral b. Social c. Mental d. Physical e. All of the above
STOP DO NOT finish this assignment until after your class discussion.
10. Describe how you feel about alcohol during pregnancy in 1 paragraph (5-6 complete sentences).
11. List 5 things you would tell a: friend, sister, girlfriend, or loved one about the risks and dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy. A. B. C. D. E.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Alcohol passes through the placenta quickly; a drink affects the fetus almost as quickly as the woman. Alcohol can damage unborn babies severely; even infrequent drinking can have devastating effects on the developing infant. Symptoms might include: A.
C.
B.
D.
* *
E.
*
F. 11
Pregnancy and Nutrition Trimester: 3-month period during pregnancy Normal weight gain 1st trimester2nd trimester-
3rd trimester-
Total weight gain-
Only increase 200-300 calories at the end of the pregnancy. How much food is that?
How is the weight distributed?
Pounds
Weight of average baby at birth Placenta Amniotic fluid Increased size of uterus and supporting muscles Increase in breast tissue Increase in blood volume Increase in fat stores Increase in body fluids
Common nutrient deficiencies Deficiency: lacking or not enough Energy (carbohydrates)‑ Folic Acid‑ Vitamin DIron‑ Calcium-
****This should be in the woman's body before conception****
WIC
Give a short description of this program in 3-5 sentences.
Guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy Pregnant women don't need to radically change their activities during pregnancy, moderation is advised, and most can usually continue their same activities as before they were pregnant. *Be physically active on a regular basis *Stop exercising if you feel overheated *Drink plenty of liquids before, during, and after physical activity *Avoid exercising in hot, humid weather *Avoid jarring or jerky motions
*Avoid any activity that has the potential to cause even mild abdominal trauma *Avoid prolonged periods of standing still *Discontinue any activity that causes discomfort *Do not exercise while lying on your back after the fourth month *Do not allow your heart rate to exceed 150 beats per minute
List 4 exercise you think would be appropriate for a pregnant woman: 123-
412
Nutritious menu for pregnant woman Directions: complete the menu. It should consist of foods you would like to eat or that are healthy foods that are common in your diet. (Keep ‘myplate’ in mind as you plan this menu). Day Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snacks Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
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Breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, so many choices! Textbook page 165 Advantages
Advantages
Breastfeeding
Bottle-feeding
Stages of labor 1st Stage
2nd Stage
3rd Stage
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Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Pregnancy, labor, delivery definitions You may use your notes, textbook, or the assignments in this packet to complete this assignment. Directions: Define the following prenatal terms. Identity if the term is: Pregnancy complication Prenatal term Labor or delivery Pregnancy test 1-Episiotomy
9-Obstetrician
2-Zygote
10-Fetus
3-RH Factor
11-Amniotic Fluid
4-Implantation
12-Premature
5-Umbilical Cord
13-Show
6-Still Birth
14-Contractions
7-Embryo
15-Placenta
8-Crowning
16-Amniotic Sac
15
17-Miscarriage
26-Epidural
18-Cesarean Birth
27-Dilation
19-Anemia
28-Lightening
20-Toxoplasmosis
29-Breech
21-Alpha-Fetoprotein
30-Effacement
22-Ultrasound
31-Pre-eclampsia
23-Amniocentesis
32-Postpartum Depression
24-Gestational Diabetes
33-Braxton Hicks
25-Varicose Veins
34-Anesthesiologist
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