REPORTED SPEECH There two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person. 1. Direct speech 2. Indirect speech Direct speech: John said, “I will give you a pen”. Indirect Speech: John said that he would give me a pen. In DIRECT SPEECH the original words of person are narrated (no change is made) ,While in INDIRECT SPEECH some changes are made in original words of the person because these words have been uttered in past so the tense will change accordingly and pronoun may also be changed accordingly.
DIRECT
INDIRECT
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Is/ Am Are Have / Has Was/ Were Will / Shall May This These Now Here
Was Were Had Had Been Would Might That Those Then There
I You We Me You Us My Your Our
She / He She/ He/ They They Her/ His Her/ His/ Them Them His/ Her Her/ His/ Them Their TENSE CHANGE
Before So Hence Today Tomorrow Yesterday Next Day Last Day
Ago Thus Thence That Day The Next Day The Last Day The Following Day The Previous Day
DIRECT ( KIND OF SENTENCE ) Statement Imperative Begin the imperative sentence with "please" Yes / No question W/H question Order
Present simple Present continuous Present perfect Present perfect continuous Past simple Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous
Past simple Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
INDIRECT ( CONJUNCTION ) that to, not to requested + to If or whether What, When, How etc. Told + to
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ASK
REPORTING STATEMENTS DIRECT SPEECH Simple Present He said: "I am happy" Present Continuous He said: "I'm looking for my keys" Simple Past He said: "I visited New York last year" Present Perfect He said: " I've lived here for a long time " Past Perfect He said: "They had finished the work when I arrived" Past Continuous He said: "I was playing football when the accident occurred"
Present Perfect Continuous He said: “I have been playing football for two hours." Past Perfect Continuous He said: "I had been reading a newspaper when the light went off" Future Simple (will+verb) He said: "I will open the door." Conditional (would+verb) He said: "I would buy Mercedes if I were rich" "I can do it." "May I go out?" "She must apply for the job."
REPORTED SPEECH Simple Past He said that he was happy Past Continuous He said that he was looking for his keys Past Perfect He said that he had visited New York the previous year. Past Perfect He said that he had lived there for a long time Past Perfect He said that they had finished the work when he had arrived" Past Perfect Continuous He said that he had been playing football when the accident had occurred Past Perfect Continuous He said that he had been playing football for two hours Past Perfect Continuous He said that he had been reading a newspaper when the light had gone off Conditional (would+verb) He said that he would open the door. Conditional (would+verb) He said that he would buy Mercedes if he had been rich" He said he could do it. He wanted to know if he might go out He said that she must/had to apply for the job.
REPORTING QUESTIONS TYPE OF QUESTION IJW/ H Question Yes/ No question
DIRECT SPEECH "Why" don’t you speak English?” “Do you speak English?”
REPORTED SPEECH He asked me why I didn’t speak English. He asked me whether / if I spoke English.
ASK
REPORTING REQUEST DIRECT REQUEST
REPORTED REQUEST
“ Please help me”
She requested me to help her.
“ Please don't smoke”
She requested me not to smoke.
“ Could you bring my book tonight? ”
She asked me to bring her book that night.
“ Could you pass the milk, please? ”
She requested me to pass the milk.
Would you mind coming early tomorrow? ”
She asked me to come early the next day.
REPORTING ORDERS DIRECT ORDER Go to bed! ”
REPORTED ORDER He told the child to go to bed.
“ Don't worry! ”
He told her not to worry.
“ Be on time! ”
He told me to be on time.
“ Don't smoke! ”
He told us not to smoke.
OTHER TRANSFORMATONS DIRECT "You must read this book." Let’s go to the cinema."
REPORTED He advised / urged me to read that book. He suggested going to the cinema He suggested that we should go to the cinema
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