NASIONALE SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT

GRAAD 12

AGRS.2 LANDBOUWETENSKAPPE V2 NOVEMBER 2015

PUNTE: 150 TYD: 2½ uur

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 12 bladsye.

OGGENDSESSIE Kopiereg voorbehou

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2 NSS

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INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING 1.

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit TWEE afdelings, naamlik AFDELING A en AFDELING B.

2.

Beantwoord AL die vrae in die ANTWOORDEBOEK.

3.

Begin ELKE vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy.

4.

Nommer die antwoorde korrek volgens die nommeringstelsel wat in hierdie vraestel gebruik is.

5.

Jy mag 'n nieprogrammeerbare sakrekenaar gebruik.

6.

Toon alle berekeninge, formules ingesluit, waar van toepassing.

7.

Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

Kopiereg voorbehou

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Landbouwetenskappe/V2

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AFDELING A VRAAG 1 1.1

Verskeie opsies word as moontlike antwoorde op die volgende vrae gegee. Kies die antwoord en skryf slegs die letter (A–D) langs die vraagnommer (1.1.1–1.1.10) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer, byvoorbeeld 1.1.11 A. 1.1.1

EEN van die volgende is 'n voordeel van die prosessering van onverwerkte landbouprodukte: A B C D

1.1.2

Die belangrikste dokument wat 'n entrepreneur benodig om befondsing vir 'n nuwe sakeonderneming te bekom, is 'n ... A B C D

1.1.3

SSGB ('SWOT')-ontleding. balansstaat. bemarkingsketting. besigheidsplan.

Die wet van aanbod impliseer EEN van die volgende: A B C D

1.1.4

'n Afname in werksgeleenthede 'n Styging in lone 'n Manier om 'n ooraanbod van produkte te oorkom 'n Afname in die waarde van die produk

Hoe hoër die prys, hoe minder mense sal 'n spesifieke produk koop. Hoe hoër die prys, hoe meer mense sal 'n spesifieke produk koop. Hoe hoër die prys, hoe meer produkte sal produsente verkoop. Hoe hoër die prys, hoe minder produkte sal produsente verkoop.

Watter van die volgende stellings is van toepassing op die bemarking van landbouprodukte? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Bemarkingsbestuur is winsgedrewe. Agribesigheid bepaal die verbruiker se behoeftes en besluit daarvolgens oor produksie en aanbod. Dit fokus op die behoeftes van die verkoper. Beplanning is lang termyn en gebaseer op nuwe produkte en toekomstige groei.

Kies die korrekte kombinasie: A B C D Kopiereg voorbehou

(i), (ii) en (iii) (ii), (iii) en (iv) (i), (ii) en (iv) (i), (iii) en (iv) Blaai om asseblief

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1.1.5

DBE/November 2015

Plaaswerkers wat slegs na die plaas toe kom vir repeterende take, soos die oes van lemoene, word ... arbeiders genoem. A B C D

1.1.6

4 NSS

seisoenale geleentheidspermanente vaste

Die grafiek hieronder verteenwoordig 'n probleem wat met grond as 'n produksiefaktor geassosieer word. Totale opbrengs

D

Produksiehoeveelheid

C B

A

5

A

10

15

20

25

Insethoeveelheid

Watter van die volgende stellings is op die grafiek van toepassing? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Insette is omgekeerd eweredig aan uitsette. Die opbrengs by B is kleiner as by C. Hoe meer kunsmis toegedien word, hoe laer sal die produksie by D wees. Die opbrengs het by B verhoog, maar by C verlaag by dieselfde inset.

Kies die korrekte kombinasie: A B C D 1.1.7

Die begroting wat 'n boer vir al die bedrywighede op die plaas vir 'n spesifieke periode opstel: A B C D

Kopiereg voorbehou

(i), (ii) en (iv) (ii), (iii) en (iv) (i), (ii) en (iii) (i), (iii) en (iv)

Kontantvloeistaat Plaasbaterekord Ondernemingsbegroting Heelplaasbegroting

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1.1.8

Aa AA aa BB

Die sigbare eienskap wat deur 'n indiwidu se genotipe geproduseer word: A B C D

1.2

Vaste koste Oorhoofse koste 'n Melker se loon Veranderlike koste

Die volgende verteenwoordig 'n heterosigotiese genotipe by skape: A B C D

1.1.10

DBE/November 2015

EEN van die uitgawes hieronder is NIE tot een spesifieke onderneming beperk NIE: A B C D

1.1.9

5 NSS

Dominante alleel Resessiewe alleel Genotipe Fenotipe

(10 x 2)

(20)

Kies 'n term uit KOLOM B wat by 'n beskrywing in KOLOM A pas. Skryf slegs die letter (A–J) langs die vraagnommer (1.2.1–1.2.5) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer, byvoorbeeld 1.2.6 K. KOLOM A 1.2.1 Goedkoper produkte betree die mark en forseer die boer om produksie te verlaag 1.2.2 Grond, boorgate en 'n plaashuis

A

KOLOM B roerende kapitaal

B

komplementêre produkte

C

stamboekseleksie

1.2.3 Die oordra van eienskappe vanaf ouers D na die nageslag E 1.2.4 Seleksie gebaseer op eienskappe van F 'n verwante voorouer

mededingende produkte

1.2.5 Die werking van een geen word deur een of verskeie ander gene verander of beheer

G

vaste kapitaal

H

familieseleksie

I

gene

J

chromosome

Kopiereg voorbehou

epistase oorerflikheid

(5 x 2)

Blaai om asseblief

(10)

Landbouwetenskappe/V2

1.3

1.4

6 NSS

DBE/November 2015

Gee EEN term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings. Skryf slegs die term langs die vraagnommer (1.3.1–1.3.5) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer. 1.3.1

Die bestuursaksie waardeur kort- en langtermynstrategieë vir 'n boerderyonderneming ontwikkel word

1.3.2

Die proses om die publiek se aandag op 'n spesifieke landbouproduk of -besigheid te vestig deur verskillende vorme van kommunikasie te gebruik

1.3.3

'n Opsomming van al die inkomste en uitgawes wat aantoon hoe inkomste uit die verkoop van produkte en dienste na netto wins verander word

1.3.4

'n Geleidelike agteruitgang in prestasie van generasie tot generasie as gevolg van aanhoudende inteling

1.3.5

Die verskynsel waar die allele op 'n homoloë chromosoompaar dieselfde is (5 x 2)

(10)

Verander die ONDERSTREEPTE WOORD in elk van die volgende stellings om hulle WAAR te maak. Skryf slegs die antwoord langs die vraagnommer (1.4.1–1.4.5) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer. 1.4.1

Die hoeveelheid produkte wat verbruikers bereid en in staat is om te koop, word aanbod genoem.

1.4.2

Arbeidsbeheer is 'n maatstaf wat deur plaasbestuurders gebruik word om na die uitsette van die arbeidsmag te verwys.

1.4.3

Die term vaste kapitaal word gebruik om die tipe kapitaal, soos geld, te beskryf wat beskikbaar is om 'n onderneming daagliks te bedryf.

1.4.4

Analitiese vaardighede stel 'n bestuurder in staat om oor veranderinge in die bedryf te besin en om strategieë te ontwikkel om dit te hanteer.

1.4.5

Erfdwang verwys na die herverskyning van 'n eienskap nadat dit vir 'n aantal generasies skynbaar afwesig was. (5 x 1)

(5)

TOTAAL AFDELING A:

45

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AFDELING B VRAAG 2: LANDBOUBESTUUR EN BEMARKING Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 2.1

2.2

Die prentjie hieronder beeld 'n tipe bemarking uit wat algemeen in die landbousektor gebruik word.

2.1.1

Identifiseer die tipe bemarking wat in die prentjie hierbo uitgebeeld word.

(1)

2.1.2

Gee 'n rede vir die antwoord op VRAAG 2.1.1.

(2)

2.1.3

Noem die bemarkingskanaal wat in die prentjie hierbo uitgebeeld word.

(1)

2.1.4

Noem TWEE voordele van die bemarkingskanaal in VRAAG 2.1.3 vir die verbruiker.

(2)

2.1.5

Stel DRIE probleme voor wat die tipe bemarking in die prentjie hierbo kan belemmer.

(3)

Die tabel hieronder toon die vraag, aanbod en prys van sakkies lemoene oor 'n tydperk van vyf weke. Prys (in rand) Aanbod Vraag

WEEK 1 10 5 25

WEEK 2 15 10 20

WEEK 3 20 15 15

WEEK 4 25 20 10

WEEK 5 30 25 5

2.2.1

Verwys na die tabel hierbo en verduidelik die verwantskap tussen die prys, vraag en aanbod.

(3)

2.2.2

Teken 'n lyngrafiek om die vraag en aanbod van lemoene te illustreer.

(6)

2.2.3

Verduidelik waarom daar in Week 1 'n hoër vraag na lemoene as in Week 5 was.

(2)

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Landbouwetenskappe/V2

2.3

8 NSS

'n Agribesigheidplan is 'n dokument wat die besigheid beskryf wat gestig gaan word, asook die doelwitte en oogmerke daarvan. Noem DRIE probleme wat gewoonlik agribesigheidsplan opgestel word.

2.4

DBE/November 2015

ondervind

word

wanneer

'n

(3)

Wetgewing speel 'n belangrike rol in die bemarking van landbouprodukte. Noem die wetgewing wat op elk van die volgende van toepassing sal wees:

2.5

2.4.1

Dit verseker die kwaliteit van volstruisvleis en reguleer die vlakke van chemikalieë in vrugte

(1)

2.4.2

Ondersoek vleis wat by plaaslike slaghuise en abattoirs verwerk en verkoop word vir onreëlmatighede

(1)

2.4.3

Beskerm verbruikers teen uitbuiting en maak voorsiening vir eenvoudige en duidelike inligting oor die produk

(1)

2.4.4

Beheer die uitvoer van bederfbare produkte vanuit Suid-Afrika

(1)

'n Onderwyser by 'n plaaslike skool het 'n spysenieringsonderneming met 'n skenking deur die plaaslike munisipaliteit begin. Die sakeonderneming het met 20 belangstellende leerders begin. Hulle doen hoofsaaklik spyseniering vir skole, kerke en gemeenskapsaktiwiteite. Die onderneming het uitgebrei en binne twee jaar het hulle plaaslike inwoners begin oplei. Meer as 150 jongmense wat hulle skoolloopbaan voltooi het, is reeds opgelei om hulle eie besighede te begin. 2.5.1

Identifiseer VIER entrepreneurseienskappe onderwyser in die gevallestudie getoon word.

2.5.2

Verduidelik kortliks elk van die eienskappe wat in VRAAG 2.5.1 genoem is deur die inligting in die gevallestudie te gebruik.

Kopiereg voorbehou

wat

deur

die

Blaai om asseblief

(4) (4) [35]

Landbouwetenskappe/V2

9 NSS

DBE/November 2015

VRAAG 3: PRODUKSIEFAKTORE Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 3.1

Die foto's hieronder toon verskillende tipes arbeiders wat op 'n plaas werk.

FOTO A

3.2

FOTO B

3.1.1

Identifiseer die tipes plaasarbeiders in FOTO A en B.

(2)

3.1.2

Motiveer die antwoord op VRAAG 3.1.1.

(2)

3.1.3

Noem TWEE uitdagings wat met plaasarbeid geassosieer word wat kan veroorsaak dat die plaasarbeider in FOTO A na werk in 'n ander bedryf sal soek.

(2)

3.1.4

Verduidelik hoe die boer die uitdagings in VRAAG 3.1.3 kan aanpak.

(2)

3.1.5

Noem die arbeidswetgewing wat die veiligheid van die arbeider in FOTO A reguleer.

(1)

3.1.6

Identifiseer TWEE tipes kapitaal in FOTO A.

(2)

Grond, as produksiefaktor, het ekonomiese kenmerke wat in ag geneem moet word om produktiwiteit te verseker. 3.2.1

3.2.2 Kopiereg voorbehou

Identifiseer die ekonomiese kenmerk van grond wat met elk van die volgende geassosieer word: (a) 'n Behuisingskema wat op grond gebou is wat voorheen vir mielieproduksie gebruik is

(1)

(b) Verhoogde toediening van groenbemesting wat nie in verhouding tot die opbrengs is nie

(1)

(c) 'n Boer produseer steeds katoen op grond wat deur sy oupagrootjie vir dieselfde doel gebruik is

(1)

(d) 'n Boer het 'n daling in opbrengs ondervind as gevolg van monokultuur, maar nadat hy na bewaringsboerdery oorgeskakel het, het die opbrengs verhoog

(1)

Stel TWEE maniere voor waarop 'n boer die produktiwiteit van grond kan verbeter.

(2)

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3.3

3.4

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'n Plaasbestuurder kan 'n ooraanbod van produkte aan die mark ondervind indien daar 'n soortgelyke aanbod van produkte deur ander boere is. Dit kan tot 'n daling in die prys van die produk en gevolglik 'n verlies aan wins lei. 3.3.1

Identifiseer die eksterne krag wat tot die situasie in die scenario hierbo kan lei.

(1)

3.3.2

Noem die tipe risiko wat die bestuurder in die scenario hierbo kan ondervind.

(1)

3.3.3

Gee 'n rede vir die antwoord op VRAAG 3.3.2 deur na die inligting in die scenario hierbo te verwys.

(2)

3.3.4

Noem TWEE bestuurstrategieë wat hierdie bestuurder kan toepas om die risiko in VRAAG 3.3.2 te verminder.

(2)

3.3.5

Stel TWEE hoofkomponente van bestuur voor wat plaasbestuurder in die scenario hierbo suksesvol kan maak.

(2)

die

Die tabel hieronder toon 'n lys met kapitaalitems en koste vir 'n lewendehaweonderneming. ITEM Beesverkope Bemarkingsheffing Telefoonrekening Skaapverkope Elektrisiteit Graanvoer 3.4.1

3.4.2

Kopiereg voorbehou

KOSTE (IN RAND) 110 500 42 350 22 500 80 900 20 000 12 500

Klassifiseer die items in die tabel hierbo onder die volgende opskrifte: (a) Inkomste

(2)

(b) Veranderlike koste

(2)

(c) Oorhoofse koste

(2)

Gebruik 'n formule om die netto wins van hierdie onderneming te bereken.

Blaai om asseblief

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Landbouwetenskappe/V2

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VRAAG 4: BASIESE LANDBOUGENETIKA Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 4.1

4.2

In 'n teelprogram is 'n homosigotiese bruin ooi met 'n homosigotiese wit ram gepaar. Die bruin kleur (A) is dominant oor wit kleur (a). Die ooi het bruin lammers gehad en in die tweede generasie het die ooie wit lammers gehad. 4.1.1

Dui die fenotipes van die ouers aan.

(2)

4.1.2

Dui die genotipes van die ouers aan.

(2)

4.1.3

Noem die tipe dominansie wat in hierdie kruising getoon word.

(1)

4.1.4

Gee 'n rede vir die antwoord op VRAAG 4.1.3.

(2)

4.1.5

Toon die moontlike genotipes van die eerste kruising met 'n Punnett-vierkant aan.

(4)

Die tabel hieronder gee inligting oor 'n onbekende ras koeie wat met rasegte Bonsmarabulle gepaar is. Die vroulike nageslag is altyd met 'n rasegte Bonsmarabul gepaar, soos in die resultate hieronder aangedui word. KOEI

BUL

PERSENTASIE (%) RASEGTE EIENSKAPPE VAN NAKOMELINGE

1ste kruising 2de kruising 3de kruising 4de kruising 5de kruising 6de kruising 7de kruising

Onbekend 50% 75% 87,5% 93,75% 96,87% 98,44%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

50% (F 1 ) 75% – 93,75% 96,87% 98,44% 99,22%

8ste kruising

99,22%

100%

99,61%

4.2.1

Identifiseer hierdie tipe teelstelsel.

(1)

4.2.2

Noem TWEE nadele van hierdie tipe teelstelsel.

(2)

4.2.3

Bepaal die getal kruisings wat nodig is voordat die eerste rasegte Bonsmarakalwers geregistreer kan word.

(1)

4.2.4

Bereken die persentasie rasegte eienskappe van die nakomelinge in die derde kruising.

(4)

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4.3

12 NSS

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Die tabel hieronder dui oorerflikheidswaardes by skape aan. GEBOORTEGEWIG Oorerflikheid

60%

GEWIGSTOENAME NA SPENING 33%

VAGGEWIG 50%

'n Lam se geboortegewig is 3 kg en die gemiddelde geboortegewig vir die trop is 1,8 kg.

4.4

4.3.1

Bepaal die beraamde teelwaarde (BTW) vir geboortegewig.

(3)

4.3.2

Wat is die implikasie van die waarde in VRAAG 4.3.1?

(2)

4.3.3

Wat is die oorerflikheid van die vaggewig van 'n lam?

(1)

4.3.4

Gee TWEE redes waarom die gewigstoename na spening in die tabel hierbo nie vir teeldoeleindes aanbeveel kan word nie.

(2)

GM blaarslaai met 'n hoë opbrengs is geproduseer deur 'n geen van 'n waterplant te gebruik. 'n Eksperiment is gedoen om die effek van hierdie genetiese modifisering op blaarslaaiplante te toets. Wetenskaplikes het een groep plante wat uit GM blaarslaai en nie-GM blaarslaai bestaan, in 'n kweekhuis gekweek en 'n tweede groep in 'n oop veld. Die resultate van die eksperiment word in die staafgrafiek hieronder gegee.

60

Die opbrengs van GM en nie-GM blaarslaai wat onder verskillende toestande gekweek is

Opbrengs (kg)

50 40 30

GM

20

Nie-GM

10 0

Kweekhuis

Oop veld Groeitoestande

4.4.1

Verduidelik die verskil in opbrengs van die GM blaarslaai en nie-GM blaarslaai wat in die kweekhuis en oop veld onderskeidelik gekweek is.

(2)

4.4.2

Lei EEN voordeel van GM blaarslaai vir die boer onder beide groeitoestande uit die grafiek af.

(1)

4.4.3

Identifiseer DRIE voordele van genetiese manipulasie bo tradisionele metodes soos in die scenario hierbo uitgebeeld word.

(3)

4.4.4

Stel TWEE potensiële omgewingsrisiko's voor wat geneties gemodifiseerde plante kan inhou. TOTAAL AFDELING B: GROOTTOTAAL:

Kopiereg voorbehou

(2) [35] 105 150

Agricultural Sciences/P2

4.3

12 NSC

DBE/November 2015

The table below indicates values of heredity in sheep. BIRTH WEIGHT Heritability

60%

POST-WEANING WEIGHT GAIN 33%

FLEECE WEIGHT 50%

A lamb's birth weight is 3 kg and the average birth weight for the flock is 1,8 kg.

4.4

Give TWO reasons why the post-weaning weight gain in the table above cannot be recommended for breeding purposes.

4.3.4

What is the heritability of the fleece weight of a lamb?

4.3.3

What is the implication of the value in QUESTION 4.3.1?

4.3.2

Determine the estimated breeding value (EBV) for birth weight.

4.3.1

(3) (2) (1) (2)

GM lettuce with a high yield was produced using a gene from a water plant. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of this genetic modification on lettuce plants. Scientists grew one group of plants consisting of GM lettuce and non-GM lettuce in a greenhouse and a second group in an open field. The results of the experiment are given in the bar graph below. The yield of GM and non-GM lettuce grown under different conditions

60 50

Yield (kg)

40 Non-GM

20

GM

30 10 0

4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4

Greenhouse Open field Growth conditions

(3)

Identify THREE benefits of genetic engineering over traditional methods as depicted in the scenario above.

(1)

Deduce, from the graph, ONE advantage of GM lettuce for the farmer under both growing conditions.

(2)

Explain the difference in yield of GM lettuce and non-GM lettuce grown in the greenhouse and open field respectively.

Suggest TWO potential environmental risks posed by genetically modified plants. TOTAL SECTION B: GRAND TOTAL:

(2) [35] 105 150

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

11 NSC

DBE/November 2015

QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1

4.2

A homozygous brown-coloured ewe was mated with a homozygous white-coloured ram in a breeding programme. The brown colour (A) is dominant over white colour (a). The ewe produced brown lambs and in the second generation the ewes produced white lambs.

Indicate the possible genotypes of the first crossing with a Punnett square.

4.1.5

Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 4.1.3.

4.1.4

Name the type of dominance demonstrated in this crossing.

4.1.3

Indicate the genotypes of the parents.

4.1.2

Indicate the phenotypes of the parents.

4.1.1

(2) (2) (1) (2) (4)

The table below gives information on an unknown breed of cows that were mated with pure-bred Bonsmara bulls. The female offspring of the cows were always bred with a pure-bred Bonsmara bull, as shown in the results below.

1st crossing 2nd crossing 3rd crossing 4th crossing 5th crossing 6th crossing 7th crossing 8th crossing

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Unknown 50% 75% 87,5% 93,75% 96,87% 98,44% 99,22%

BULL

COW

PERCENTAGE (%) PURE-BRED CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFSPRING 50% (F 1 ) 75% – 93,75% 96,87% 98,44% 99,22% 99,61%

(4)

Calculate the percentage of pure-bred characteristics in the offspring in the third crossing.

4.2.4

(1)

Determine the number of crosses needed before the first pure-bred Bonsmara calves can be registered.

4.2.3

State TWO disadvantages of this type of breeding system.

4.2.2

Identify this type of breeding system.

4.2.1

(1)

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(2)

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

3.3

3.4

10 NSC

DBE/November 2015

A farm manager may experience an oversupply of produce to the market if there is a similar supply of produce by other farmers. This may lead to a drop in the price of the produce and a subsequent loss of profit.

(2)

Suggest TWO main components of management that could make the farm manager in the scenario successful.

3.3.5

(2)

State TWO management strategies that this manager could apply to lower the risk in QUESTION 3.3.2.

3.3.4

(2)

Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 3.3.2 by referring to the information in the scenario above.

3.3.3

(1)

State the type of risk that may be encountered by the manager in the scenario above.

3.3.2

(1)

Identify the external force that may lead to the situation in the scenario above.

3.3.1

The table below indicates a list of capital items and costs for a livestock enterprise. ITEM Cattle sales Marketing levy Telephone bill Sheep sales Electricity Grain feed 3.4.1

3.4.2

COST (IN RAND) 110 500 42 350 22 500 80 900 20 000 12 500

Classify the items in the table above under the following headings:

(4) [35]

Use a formula to calculate the net income of this enterprise.

(2)

(c) Overhead costs

(2)

(b) Variable costs

(2)

(a) Income

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

9 NSC

DBE/November 2015

QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1

The photographs below show different types of labourers who work on a farm.

PHOTOGRAPH A

3.2

PHOTOGRAPH B

(2)

Identify TWO types of capital in PHOTOGRAPH A.

3.1.6

(1)

State the labour legislation that regulates the safety of the labourer in PHOTOGRAPH A.

3.1.5

(2)

Explain how the farmer could address the challenges in QUESTION 3.1.3.

3.1.4

(2)

State TWO challenges associated with farm labour that may cause the farm labourer in PHOTOGRAPH A to look for work in other industries.

3.1.3

(2)

Motivate the answer to QUESTION 3.1.1.

3.1.2

(2)

Identify the type of farm labourer represented by PHOTOGRAPHS A and B.

3.1.1

Land as a production factor has economic characteristics that need to be considered to ensure productivity. 3.2.1

Identify the economic characteristic of land associated with each of the following: (a) A housing scheme built on land previously used for maize production

3.2.2

green

manure

which

is

not

(1)

(2)

Suggest TWO ways in which a farmer may improve the productivity of land.

(1)

(d) A farmer experienced a drop in yield due to monoculture and after changing to conservation farming, the yield increased

(1)

(c) A farmer still produces cotton on land that was used for the same purpose by his great grandfather

(1)

(b) Increased application of proportional to the yield

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

2.3

8 NSC

DBE/November 2015

An agribusiness plan is a document that describes the business to be started and states its goals and objectives. State THREE problems normally encountered when drawing up an agribusiness plan.

2.4

(3)

Legislation plays an important role in the marketing of agricultural products. State the legislation that will apply to each of the following:

2.5

(1)

Controls the export of perishable products from South Africa

2.4.4

(1)

Protects consumers against exploitation and allows for plain and clear information about the product

2.4.3

(1)

Examines meat that is prepared and sold in local butcheries and abattoirs for irregularities

2.4.2

(1)

It ensures the quality of ostrich meat and regulates the levels of chemicals in fruit

2.4.1

A teacher at a local school started a catering business using a donation from the local municipality. The business venture started with 20 interested learners. They cater mainly for schools, churches and community activities. The business expanded and within two years they started training local residents. Over 150 youths who have finished school have already been trained to start their own businesses.

Briefly explain each of the qualities identified in QUESTION 2.5.1 using the information in the case study.

2.5.2

Identify FOUR entrepreneurial qualities displayed by the teacher in the case study.

2.5.1

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

7 NSC

DBE/November 2015

SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1

2.2

The picture below illustrates a type of marketing commonly used in the agricultural sector.

(3)

Suggest THREE problems that may hamper the type of marketing in the picture above.

2.1.5

(2)

State TWO advantages of the QUESTION 2.1.3 for the consumer.

2.1.4

Name the channel of marketing illustrated in the picture above.

2.1.3

Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 2.1.1.

2.1.2

Identify the type of marketing illustrated in the picture above.

2.1.1

marketing

(1) (2)

channel

in

(1)

The table below shows the price, supply and demand of pockets of oranges over a five-week period. Price (in rand) Supply Demand

WEEK 1 10 5 25

WEEK 2 15 10 20

WEEK 3 20 15 15

WEEK 4 25 20 10

WEEK 5 30 25 5

Explain why there was a higher demand for oranges in Week 1 than in Week 5.

2.2.3

(6)

Draw a line graph to illustrate the supply and demand of oranges.

2.2.2

(3)

Refer to the table above and explain the relationship between the price, supply and demand.

2.2.1

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

1.3

1.4

6 NSC

DBE/November 2015

Give ONE term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

The phenomenon where the alleles on a homologous chromosome pair are the same (5 x 2)

1.3.5

A gradual decrease in performance from generation to generation due to continual inbreeding

1.3.4

A summary of all income and expenditure showing how revenue from the sale of products and services is changed to net profit

1.3.3

The process of attracting public attention to a specific agricultural product or business through various forms of communication

1.3.2

The management action where short-term and long-term strategies are developed for a farm business

1.3.1

(10)

Change the UNDERLINED WORD in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

45

TOTAL SECTION A:

(5)

Prepotency refers to the reappearance of a characteristic after its apparent absence for a few generations. (5 x 1)

1.4.5

Analytical skills allow a manager to reflect on changes in the industry and to develop strategies to cope with them.

1.4.4

The term fixed capital is used to describe the type of capital, such as money, that is available to run a business on a daily basis.

1.4.3

Labour control is a measurement used by farm managers to refer to the output of the labour force.

1.4.2

The quantity of produce that consumers will be willing and able to buy is called supply.

1.4.1

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

1.1.8

5 NSC

DBE/November 2015

ONE of the expenditures below is NOT limited to one particular enterprise: A B C D

1.1.9

Fixed costs Overhead costs A milker's wage Variable costs

The following represents a heterozygous genotype in sheep: A B C D

1.1.10

Aa AA aa BB

The visible characteristic produced by an individual's genotype: A B C D

1.2

Dominant allele Recessive allele Genotype Phenotype

(10 x 2)

(20)

Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–J) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 K. COLUMN A 1.2.1 Cheaper products enter the market, forcing the farmer to reduce production 1.2.2 Land, boreholes and a farmstead 1.2.3 The transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring 1.2.4 Selection based on characteristics of a related ancestor 1.2.5 The action of one gene is modified or controlled by one or several other genes

A B

COLUMN B movable capital complementary products

chromosomes

J

genes

I

family selection

H

fixed capital

G

heredity

F

epistasis

E

competitive products

D

pedigree selection

C

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(5 x 2)

(10)

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

1.1.5

4 NSC

DBE/November 2015

Farm workers who only come to the farm for recurring duties, like harvesting oranges, are known as ... labourers. A B C D

1.1.6

seasonal casual permanent fixed

The graph below represents a problem associated with land as a production factor. Total yield Production quantity

C

D

B

A

5

A

20

15

10

25

Input quantity

Which of the following statements apply to the graph? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Input is indirectly proportional to output. The yield at B is smaller than at C. The more fertiliser is used, the less the production will be at D. The yield increased at B but decreased at C at similar input.

Choose the correct combination: A B C D 1.1.7

(i), (ii) and (iv) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (i), (ii) and (iii) (i), (iii) and (iv)

The budget that a farmer draws up for all operations on the farm for a specific period: A B C D

Cash Flow Statement Farm Asset Record Enterprise Budget Whole-farm Budget

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

3 NSC

DBE/November 2015

SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 A. 1.1.1

ONE of the following is an advantage of processing raw agricultural products: A B C D

1.1.2

A decrease in job opportunities An increase in wages A way to overcome an oversupply of products A decrease in the value of the product

The most important document an entrepreneur needs to source funding for a new business venture is a ... A B C D

1.1.3

SWOT analysis. balance sheet. marketing chain. business plan.

The law of supply implies ONE of the following: A B C D

1.1.4

The higher the price, the fewer people will buy a certain product. The higher the price, the more people will buy a certain product. The higher the price, the more products producers will sell. The higher the price, the fewer products producers will sell.

Which of the following statements apply to the marketing of agricultural products? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Marketing management is profit-oriented. Agribusiness determines consumer needs and decides how to produce and supply accordingly. It focuses on the needs of the seller. Planning is long-term, based on new products and future growth.

Choose the correct combination: A B C D

(i), (ii) and (iii) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (i), (ii) and (iv) (i), (iii) and (iv)

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Agricultural Sciences/P2

2 NSC

DBE/November 2015

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Write neatly and legibly.

7.

Show all calculations, including formulae, where applicable.

6.

You may use a non-programmable calculator.

5.

Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.

4.

Start EACH question on a NEW page.

3.

Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

2

This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B.

1.

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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

AGRS.2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 NOVEMBER 2015

MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 12 pages.

MORNING SESSION Copyright reserved

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