Human Brain vs. Artificial Intelligence: Who is the Super Brain

The live TV Game show “Super Brain” on JiangSu TV has just amazed us with the endless wisdom of human brains. Recently, the battle between Google AlphaGo and Lee Sedol, a professional Go player from South Korean, has again led to a heated discussion with regard to artificial intelligence. Who is the Super Brain? The human, or the machine? Many people have such questions in mind. In my opinion, whether the winner is AlphaGo or Lee Sedol, the ultimate winner is human. This is a battle between collective human wisdom and individual genius, and the success of AlphaGo is just another success of collective human wisdom. However, the success of AlphaGo has also raised strong response and even worries about Artificial Intelligence Technology among lots of people, which is unexpected before the match. Some people even claims that artificial intelligence could destroy humanity after being developed to certain level. Many celebrities, including the English Scientist Steven Hawking, the founder of Microsoft Bill Gates, have joined the campaign against the over-development of Artificial intelligence. Such worries may seem unfounded now, but it truly reflects a deep deliberation into the relationship between human and Artificial Intelligence. In the past 50 years, Artificial Intelligence has undergone a winding road of development, and its relationship with human also moves in fits and starts. It could be said that until now, human has not yet fully master the Artificial intelligence technology. But even under such circumstances, humans have already felt the threats that artificial intelligence might impose. For example, humans could face unemployment; the skills brought by artificial intelligence will outperform the skills of humans; artificial intelligence will ultimately replace human brains, etc. Such thoughts make humans to ponder, how to keep Artificial intelligence within our control while we are vigorously developing it. The purpose for humans to master a new technology is to benefit ourselves and the society, but usually we have seldom considered the negative impacts of such technology. In the field of artificial intelligence, the scientists have once predicted that once artificial intelligence has entered into a more advanced stage, the machines made by humans will have intellect and emotion, and humans must treat them as peers and give them the rights of humans. It is hard to predict whether human can still control artificial intelligence by that time. This is also why so many people are worried. Nevertheless, we cannot simply refrain from artificial intelligence for fear of the risk. It is an irresistible trend now to continue studying and developing artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence could help humans work in many areas where humans cannot access by themselves, and greatly improve the efficiency of human lives and production. So generally speaking, artificial intelligence is beneficial for humans. The crux of the matter Is how we can appropriately utilize and develop artificial intelligence so as to make it within the path set by humans. Except technological innovation, artificial intelligence also involves a wide range of issues, such as morality, law and human rights. To avoid any future problems, it is necessary for humans to standardize the management of artificial intelligence in these fields from the beginning by taking preventive measures and establishing standards early. It is unfair to say that artificial intelligence is stronger than humans just relying on the facts that AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol. Human brain is a highly complex system. The medical community

has not yet figured out the working principles of human brain, not to mention using machines to imitate human brains. It will be a long and bumpy road for artificial intelligence to get the ability of reasoning, studying, evolution, imagination and creativity as possessed by human brain. Human brain has its own unique features. As humans, we should be confident about its ability. As artificial intelligence is made through human wisdom, we should trust that human brain is capable of controlling artificial intelligence. English mathematician Turing has once proposed a question “can machines think?”, which opened the imagination humans have on artificial intelligence. The value of human lies in the “Ding!” moment in human brains. The sparks from collision of ideas and wisdom is the reason that humans are independent from rest of the world and can become the dominator of the planet. Although AlphaGo is extremely smart, it is the product of human brains. Therefore, no matter who is the winner, AlphaGo or Lee sedol, it is the victory of human brain eventually. The reason why humans are special is that human brains can think and feel. Human brain deserves the title of “Super Brain”. Ten questions about artificial intelligence Will we lose our jobs? With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, one of the questions that people are most concerned is that more and more jobs would be taken on by artificial intelligence. People are worried: will we all lose our jobs one day? If you think about it carefully, such worries are not entirely unfounded. Currently, the intelligent robots are already helping humans clean the house, cook meals, take down speeches, edit articles, etc. The position that could be take on by artificial intelligence is increasing, and no one can predict what artificial intelligence can do next. Nevertheless, some scientists have pointed out that the development of artificial intelligence is still in a preliminary stage, the socalled “weak AI” used by scientific community, where part of the human labor may be replaced by artificial intelligence. However, the worry that “we will all lose our jobs to AI” are exaggerated. In the “weak AI” stage, humans cannot create intelligent machines that can actually reason and solve questions for the time being. These machines may kook intelligent, but they don’t have intelligence or consciousness. Only in “strong AI” stage, human will be able to make machines that possess what we called “emotion” or “feeling”. In the stage, a large number of jobs would be taken on by artificial intelligence, and because “strong AI” machines have emotions like humans, humans must treat them as peers and give them the rights of humans. By then, it is possible that humans will all be unemployed. As artificial intelligence develops further and the internet spreads broadly, it will be able to play a bigger role in a more extensive ranged of areas. Our world is slowly surrounded by artificial intelligence. Our jobs are gradually taken on by artificial intelligence. It is an irreversible trend. While it is creating a better future for us, Artificial intelligence will inevitably lead to more unemployment. According to the projection of 2016 Davos World Economic Forum, 7.1 millions of jobs could be lost through redundancy, automation or disintermediation. At the same time, 210 new jobs would be created, focusing on more specialized area. Accordingly, we may have fewer job choices in the presence of

artificial intelligence, but the specialization of labor is significantly improved. As long as you 云 储存 have the expertise, you will be able to get a job. Do Children still have to go to school? As AI develops to certain level, a series of question with regard to child education will follow. Do our children still need to undergo years of systematic learning to grasp the knowledge comprehensively? Or it can be accomplished by implanting a chip through a minimally invasive brain surgery as what is described in the scientific fiction movie, which has stored extensive amount of information and can connected to the internet for cloud storage? A newspaper article once reported that a sick girl in the U.S who sent a remote-controlled robot to school in her place while she was under treatment in hospital. Her teachers and classmates also treat the robot as the girl herself. They study with the robot together, and communicate with robot just like they were communicating with her. Accordingly, it seems to be a choice for future child education by using robots to go to school. Anyway, with the rapid development of AI, we see huge potential of use AI to substitute traditional learning. However, some experts have pointed out a step-by-step learning process is necessary for children to master the knowledge firmly and cultivate way of thinking. If an uneducated child suddenly becomes profoundly learned through implantation of the knowledge chip, lots of unexpected problems may arise. The knowledge is not really mastered by this child; it belongs to the tiny chip. Also, the chip cannot tell this child how to use the knowledge, or how to cultivate his thinking and creative ability. Whether the possession of so much knowledge by a child with no knowledge background and social experience all at once will bring a series of negative impacts on the society remains to be proven. Therefore, there is still a long way to go before using AI to go to school in place of the children. Dr. Shen Daniel has once discussed in detail the difference between human brains and Neuron-like brain implant chips. He said that the connection structure of neurons in our brain correspond to a theory called “small world”. To put it simply, every neuron can connect to any other neurons through few nodes. However, such structure cannot be achieved in neuron-like brain implant chip, as the operating system will be extremely complex and energy-hungry if it is composed of electronics and machineries. Additionally, the growth in human intelligence follows a process. At first, we have to learn concrete matters, and then simplify it into abstract concept and deepen the concept gradually through further abstraction. On the basis of the abstraction, we can get more generalized concept, and conduct analysis and reasoning afterwards. Obviously, the ability of in-depth learning is lacking in neuron-like brain implant chips. In the aspects of using smart chips to acquire and apply knowledge as substitutes for human brains, we still have long way to go. Do Robots have emotions? When talking about emotions, the first thing we think of is the emotions between humans. With the development of robotics, it is possible that soon after no only humans but also robots

can have emotions. In the move “Man from Macau 3”, the robot has falling into a romantic relationship, which is even stronger, deeper than the one of humans. Also, the Baymax in the popular Disney movie “Big Hero 6”is so cuddly and adorable that we just can’t stop loving it. Here the question comes: can robots have emotions? It is exactly what was shown in the move “Edward Scissorhands”, which tells a melancholic love story between a robot and human. While watching the motive, we can clearly feel the emotions belong to the robot. It knows when to smile, when to keep silence, and even how to express love. Also, we are moved by the main character, a robot appears to be a real little boy, while watching the move “A.I. Artificial Intelligence.” Mostly, the movie is a discussion with respect to questions about robot emotions, such as “Do robots have emotions?”, “Should robots have emotions?”, “Is it good for robots to have emotions?”, etc. Humans have two kinds of emotions: basic emotions and complex emotions. Usually, we consider basic emotions to include happy, anger, sad, fear, these four emotions. However, the reason for a human to be a human is that we not only have basic emotions, but also complex emotions. These emotions are social, spiritual and acquired, such as moral and love. Although in theory complex emotions cannot be simulated through programming, AI may be able to develop complex emotions by its own if it has entire set of basic emotions and learning ability. So it is completely possible for robots to have human emotions. At that time, they will be qualified to become real human. Nevertheless, if one day robots were ensouled by the powerful technology and were even able to perform all kinds of emotions or eternal feelings perfectly, will you feel horrified? Or treat them as your friends? I don’t know if you have ever heard about the suicide of a robot happened in Austria in 2013. The host turned off the power of the cleaning robot after it had finished the cleaning work and left it alone at home. After the whole family had left the house, the cleaning robot turned itself on, pushed away the pot on the electric stove when approaching the stove, and then sit on the electric stove and set itself on fire. The fire caused by the cleaning robot burn down the house and left the family with no place to live, but the host insisted that he has turn off the cleaning robot before he left the house. Therefore, the automatic start of the cleaning robot and the mysterious suicidal event become an unsolved case in that year. The study on robot emotion is ongoing, and humans are committed to creating more robots that possess emotions. Pingfan Liu, a geek from 1980 generation, was working on the “brain” of AI robot. The nature of the brain is to teach the robot how to think like human. For example, many people may check what is the temperature, how to get to the destination, or which road is on heavy traffic before they went out, etc. The robot installed with the brain can give a reasonable answer to these questions after collecting and organizing the information from Internet. The robot can even carry out some logical analysis based on the information, so as to provide the best advice to its host. Earlier Japan has launched an emotional robot which was sold out quickly. It is designed to be a companion for human, and it can recognize your emotion and know how to comfort you, learn your hobbies, interests and habits form your daily lives, and never fight back or shout back. If you are smiling, the robot will know you are happy; if you are scowling, it can feel that you are worried about something. The robot can understand your mental state from your facial expressions or behaviors, and will communicate and interact with you on the basis of that. No matter you are happy, angry or sad, you can pour out your feelings to the robot.

The future belongs to the robots. Nowadays, humans are no longer satisfied with industrial type robots, all kinds of remote-operated companion robots, servicing robots, recreational robots, etc. are increasingly favored by the public. For example, the intelligent companion robot that are popular in China lately, can provide you with considerate services that allow you to take care of your family any time and anywhere. In the future, humans will have a closer relationship with robots. Maybe one day you can go on a date with robots. What is the life-gate for robots? What is the definition of life-gate? It is one’s weakness, the Achilles heel. The single hit that can take one’s life! AI looks very strong and has no weakness. Does it have any life-gate? Of course it has. To put it simply, cutting off the power. The robots need power to activate any mode, unplugging the power seems to be the life-gate of AI. But in fact, with the development of science and technology, such life-gate does not exist any more. It can restore the power from the light, or from the wind. So are there any other life-gates for AI? It seems like it is perfect. When humans create something, in fact they never think about that one day they will control of it. In the movie "Terminator", the Arnold Schwarzenegger plays the role of a "good" robot, who is fighting the evil computer system "Skynet" developed by the US military. In "The Matrix", "2001 A Space Odyssey" and other classic films, the main characters are also the uncontrolled robots. Although in the films and television dramas, human will eventually defeat the evil. But when you think it over, you will feel horrified because such story may come true one day! Professor Hawking, one of the world's most intelligent person in the world, has said more than once: "The successful creation of artificial intelligence will be the biggest event in human history, but unfortunately, it may also be the last one." Musk speaks even more bluntly: "With development of artificial intelligence, we are summoning the devil. " Will AI really exceed and replace human? Do humans really have no way to control it? Take a look at what is artificial intelligence first. Pick up your iPhone and ask Siri how is the weather or the stock market, its answer is artificial intelligence. Although currently these AI systems are considered useful, and we never begrudge the favor we have towards them, but once AI is given more power, perhaps not long after it will loss control. After all, artificial intelligence is based on human-designed programs, but no one can guarantee that the machine will not malfunction. Even for the most high-end artificial intelligence, perhaps a little virus program can change its program instructions. So hackers may become the life-gate of artificial intelligence in the future. In the mind of hackers, they don’t care how artificial intelligence will develop, they only know how to go beyond the machine. Hackers are very clear that, while computers are smarter and can solve questions faster than humans, it does not mean that humans can not bring a turnaround! "Copy of human creativity, if the machine really has the ability, it is absolutely amazing. But for now, it is absolutely not within the scope of human cognition and understanding" said Alex Rice, the founder and CTO of network security company HackerOne. Rice believes that "the machine also demonstrated a firm belief that it will begin to feel worried. However, the machine has no self-consciousness, at least not yet."

How will robots manage the human world? The word "Rule" may seem a little bit violent. Let us put it another way: management. Will the role of manager in human society be replaced by robots? For example, humans make rules, but the implementation of the rules falls on a robot government. The responsibility of the government is to maintain the order in society as a whole according to the rules. if this is the case, how will the future of human society be like? First, all of the current political system in the world will disappear. "National leaders" are not longer needed, and even countries does not exist. Humans will only have one highest authority to represent their wills and establish all standards on the society. Because the disputes of interests between people no longer exist - all resources, including the people themselves, can flow to any places on Earth, or between the planets freely with the help from robot civil servants, of course there will be no competition between countries for interests and benefits. “Society of etiquette and favor”, ”society of relations” will also fall apart. Lately, a speech titled "Do not rely on your relations", revealed a contemporary social issue in China. The traditional Chinese society is society based on relations. It is almost impossible to live in China without relations. After the managers of social order are replaced by robots, the society of relations will completely collapse. Instead, the new society will no longer built on human relations, and all men will be truly equal. All economic principles may soon disappear. There will be only two major economic roles in the future: Producer - robot; consumers - humans. Because of the new technologies, new sources of resources (extraterrestrial) and the high productivity of robots, people can easily get what they need without pay for any cost. The only thing Humans have to do is enjoy their lives; every person will have the freedom to find their own way of spiritual sustenance. Capital, bank, stock market and other financial instruments will also become a history following the disappearance of currencies. Although human bodies and minds will have been greatly liberated from all kinds of labor, it is inevitable that some people may still feel empty because not every one can find their spiritual sustenance from addition of material wealth. As the idiom goes, “the devil makes work for idle hands”, crime rate is likely to increase. War will not disappear, but the purpose, objects, methods and the victory standards will be completely different. Wars between nations over resources have disappeared, but the wars between the different religions will continue to exist, and more wars will happen between "safeguard human system" and "overthrow human system". The soldiers will be replaced by robots, and the victory standard is one "robot army" defeat another "robot army," including its regenerative capability. The human leaders of each side may even sit together and watched the battle between two robot armies. Once the game is set, the two sides will end the battle in a peaceful atmosphere, and the victor will have the power to make new rules.



Will AI conflict with human ethics?

There was once such a video on the video site: a robot is holding the box while walking upright with two feet. A man next to the robot hit the robot with a wooden stick, knocking the box aside, and the robot can still stand up after being beaten down. Although this video is just to test the ability of robots to recover action after obstruction, it sparked much controversy on the Internet. Some netizens reacted strongly, considering this as abusing robots. A year ago, the video site also had a video about one person kicking a four-legged robot, which also received bad reviews. Damaging the robot won’t constitute assault now, but some robots have already been made very similar to real life beings. If such a robot was hurt, many people will think that it is so poor, just as we don’t have the heart to see the puppies and kittens beings abused and killed. Robots have begun to affect human ethics. Last year, the media in UK and the US have reported that a female figure “sex robot” produced by a U.S. company. This life-size "world's first sex robot" is preset with many kinds of personality mode, such as "communicative", "complaint, etc. The product immediately sparked heated discussion in the society, including a fair number of oppositions. If people prefer sex robot, will it affect the ability of empathy between humans? The relationship between humans and robots is changing quietly. The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence has set up an "Ethics Committee." The Society realized that it is necessary to discuss the connection between robot and social ethics seriously. At meantime, the Robotics Society of Japan has proposed a guideline for "achieving and maintaining a healthy society," which require the study of the robot not be isolated from general social concepts. Also, the legal issues regarding robots are worth our considering. Imagining there is such a humanoid robot that can recognize the people’s feelings through artificial intelligence, and improve its communication skills. In this process, the robot will upload the filmed and recorded information to the cloud server. In this case, the confidentiality of private information will be at risk. The late science fiction writer Isaac Asimov has put forward "three laws of robotics" with “no harm on humans" at the core. It is very important to develop legal and ethical principles for robots, such as whether to implant the principle of "human first" into robots, how to teach the robots to keep a secret and so on. There have been many times in human history where the development of new technologies goes beyond ethical issues. "Robot ethics" is worth pondering. With the development of advanced technology, we cannot ignore the possibility that there could be research and development of "killer robot". Will the power of Robot put humans in a defenseless position? If humans can create a legal robot, who can determine the guilt or innocence of a person by law selflessly, will this infringe on human dignity? Regardless the development of artificial intelligence in the future, now, some people are worried that All will take on their jobs and pose real threats to humans after heard about the power of AI. This is already within the area of AI and human ethics. But in fact we should believe, the purpose for researchers to spend so many years researching and developing artificial intelligence is to help people in need, improve the safety and efficiency of our work environment, and allow us to better explore the world we live in.

Some people say, "the robot is a supplement to human, not a substitute." There is still long way to go for humans and robotics to coexist safely and efficiently, but we have to believe that the future is optimistic. Will AI lead to a regress in interpersonal relationships? Let’s imagine: In the future, artificial intelligence will have their own social circle, and will form form a community just like humans do. However, by that time, will artificial intelligence make our interpersonal relationships go backwards? Recently, a "self-propagating" artificial intelligence robot was born in the lab at the University of Pennsylvania. Its principal part is a huge mechanical arm, and its descendants is a group of 3D-printed multicolor cube, each pf which has a small electric motor inside...... replicating self, replicating emotions, even replicating interpersonal ties, these are all expectations people have on the future artificial intelligence robot. With regard to self-replicating, Hungarian-American Mathematician Von Neumann once pointed out that any system capable of self-propagating should have two basic functions contemporaneously: it must be able to build one element, and use these elements to assemble the next generation that is identical to itself; it must be able to pass the description on itself to the next generation. So it seems that this so-called self-propagating robot does not meet the true definition of reproduction. The reason that human is distinguished from other things is because interpersonal relationships forms the characteristic feature of human community. which won’t be change following a single dramatic events. Even if someday Al will be able to spread like a virus, its impact will be very limited, because after all it won’t be able to build an industrial zone by its own and then start self-replicating without any participation of humans! The emergence and development of artificial intelligence has led to a lot of possibilities. A professional in studying the direction of AI development from a data analysis institution has once predicted that: artificial intelligence will be able to create a humanoid robot that replicate your words, behavior and thinking patterns. This means that the memories from one person can be preserved forever. It might sound horrible, because to some extent human will never die. Long time ago, we used to dream about if our memories can be transplanted, but now the idea is turning to reality. However, interpersonal relationships are built on a cumulative process, through daily communication and interaction among people. However, AI will not allow such a long process. The point of AI is that we can achieve a target instantly, therefore, neither the relationships between humans and robots nor the relationships between robots will be steady, but fall into a routine mode – we can either have it or lose it at the moment. If the building of interpersonal relationship becomes a process like switching on and off the light, it is a convenience? Or a tragedy? Today, all kinds of technology companies are predicting even overstating the power of AI. As to interpersonal relationships, artificial intelligence is unlikely to bring happiness to us, the world will not be more peaceful, nor therefore more chaotic. It might seem nonsense now to say that AI can decide interpersonal argument, but its development is worth attention because the development of artificial intelligence largely reflect the history of human civilization.