A New Species of Allosathes Gaud, Atyeo & Berla (Astigmata: Crypturoptidae) on Feathers of the Chilean Tinamou, Nothoprocta perdicaria (Tinamiformes: Tinamidae) in Chile ME Casanueva & Daniel GonzálezAcuña

Neotropical Entomology ISSN 1519-566X Volume 41 Number 5 Neotrop Entomol (2012) 41:391-394 DOI 10.1007/s13744-012-0064-6

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Author's personal copy Neotrop Entomol (2012) 41:391–394 DOI 10.1007/s13744-012-0064-6

SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

A New Species of Allosathes Gaud, Atyeo & Berla (Astigmata: Crypturoptidae) on Feathers of the Chilean Tinamou, Nothoprocta perdicaria (Tinamiformes: Tinamidae) in Chile ME CASANUEVA1, D GONZÁLEZ-ACUÑA2 1

Fac de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Univ de Concepción, Concepción, Chile Fac de Ciencias Veterinarias, Univ de Concepción, Chillán, Chile

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Keywords Acari, bird, ectoparasites, South America Correspondence Daniel González-Acuña, Fac de Ciencias Veterinarias, Univ de Concepción, Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile; [email protected]

Abstract Allosathes anitae n. sp. Casanueva & González-Acuña (Astigmata: Crypturoptidae), collected on the Chilean tinamou Nothoprocta perdicaria (Tinamiformes: Tinamidae) from different localities of the Ñuble Province, Chile, is described. Comments on its affinities and differences with Allosathes anepiandrius Gaud, Atyeo & Berla are also included.

Edited by Takumasa Kondo – CORPOICA Received 2 May 2011 and accepted 2 June 2012 Published online 10 August 2012 * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2012

Introduction The Chilean tinamou, Nothoprocta predicaria (Tinamiformes: Tinamidae), is a wild bird distributed in Chile from Atacama to Llanquihue (Jaramillo 2004). The Chilean tinamou lives mainly in the shrub steppe, savannah of Acacia caven and can be very abundant in the margin of forests (Rottmann 1968). It is found in environments of bushes, pastures and fields cultivated with cereals (De La Peña & Rumboll 1998, Araya & Millie 2000), and feeds mainly on wild seeds and at low proportion on arthropods (González-Acuña et al 2006). Parasitologic studies on the Chilean tinamou begun with Clay (1937), when he described the Phthiraptera species Heptapsogaster teres Clay (Philopteridae). Posteriorly, Olsen (1970) described the cestode Aploparaksis tinamoui (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae). Later, Rubilar et al (1996) studied tinamous collected in Ñuble province during winter time and described the helminths Capillaria caudinflata, Subulura suctoria (Nematoda) and, additionally, oocysts of Eimeria sp. (Protista). González et al (2003) and González-Acuña et al (2004), working with partridges in Ñuble province, collected the lices H. teres, Heptapsogaster testudo Clay, Heptapsogaster sp. and Menacanthus nothoproctae Carriker, and also larvae of

the tick Amblyomma tigrinum Koch and mites of the Trombiculidae and Crypturoptidae families. The feather mite families Crypturoptidae, Analgidae and Dermoglyphidae, present representatives living in association with Tinamiformes birds. According to Gaud et al (1972), the known nine genera and 16 species of Crypturoptidae are restricted to the Tinamiformes and the family is well-defined, both on the bases of host specificity and morphology. Allosathes is one of those Crypturoptidae genera. The main aim of this work was to describe specimens of Allosathes collected in the area of Ñuble, Chile.

Material and Methods A total of 51 specimens of the Chilean tinamou N. perdicaria used in the present study were collected by the junior author in various locations in Ñuble province, VIII Region of Chile, by authorized hunting by the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero. The ectoparasites were manually isolated from the feathers under a magnifying glass and preserved in 70% ethanol. For light microscope studies, mites were clarified in Nesbitt’s solution for 72 h and then mounted on slides in Berlese’s medium (Krantz 1978). The format

Author's personal copy Casanueva & González-Acuña

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and terms of descriptions follow standards used for genera and species of feather mites (Gaud et al 1972, Griffiths et al 1990, Gaud & Atyeo 1996, Mironov & Fain 2003). All type materials (holotype and paratypes) are deposited in the “Museo Zoologia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile”. Measurements are given in micrometers.

mites per bird. These data show the drifts of the host– parasite relationship. Allosathes anitae Casanueva & González-Acuña n. sp. Description HOLOTYPE: 1 ♂ Chile, San Carlos, 03.IV.1995, col. D. González-

Results and Discussion Of the 51 analyzed birds, 41 (80.4%) had the new species of mite Allosathes anitae n. sp. Casanueva & González-Acuña (Astigmata: Crypturoptidae). The type species of the hitherto monotypic (only one described species) genus Allosathes is Allosathes anepiandrius Gaud, Atyeo & Berla, which has been collected from the white-bellied Nothura, Nothura boraquira in Brazil (Gaud et al 1972). Howeverm the species studied here differ from the type species of N. boraquira by various features, which are detailed below, and it is therefore considered as a new species. A total of 462 mites were collected from 41 out of the 51 studied birds. Among them, 250 (52.7%) were females and 124 (26.8%) males, and 88 were nymphs or larvae (20.5%), with the female–male ratio of 1:0.5. The maximum number of specimens per bird was 69, obtaining an average of 11.3

Fig 1 Male of Allosathes anitae n. sp.; dorsal view.

Acuña, ex Nothoprocta perdicaria.

PARATYPES: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ Chile, Ñuble, San Nicolás. 29.III.1995,

col. D. González-Acuña, ex N. perdicaria; 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 6 nymphs, 5 larvae Chile, San Carlos, 03.IV.1995. col. D. González-Acuña. Ex. N. perdicaria. Male. (N06) Total length 236 (230–242); width, 150 (14–

159). Propodosomal plate narrow, with straight edge on back to the scapular setae. External scapular seta (sce) long, 10 times longer than sci; length sce 65.2 (63.2– 67.8). Propodosomal plate separated from the opisthosomal plate by a distance of 31. Opisthosomal plate longer than wide, with ornamentation in the form of weak striations. Setae c1, d1, e1, f2 and ps1 similar in length; seta c1 inserted within plate and near the edge; seta ps1 9.1,

Fig 2 Male of Allosathes anitae n. sp.; ventral view.

Author's personal copy A New Species of Allosathes

slightly shorter than ps2. Seta h3 shorter than h2; h3, 94.5 long. Rear end of the opisthosoma bilobed. Tarsus I, 18.5 (18.2–18.7); tibia I, 23.6 (23.4–23.8) (Figs 1 and 2). In ventral view (Fig 2), setae 3a and 4a similar in length, twice as long as 1a. Small genital opening between epimerites IV; seta 4a distant of the genital opening and located abreast trochanter IV, not in the epimeral plate IV. Legs IV larger than the rest of the legs. Female. (N 010) Total length 346 (328–364), width 60.5

(51.5–69.5). Propodosomal plate similar to the male and separate from the opisthosomal plate by a distance equal to 67, slightly less than its length. Seta sce seven times longer than seta sci; seta vi similar in length to sci, setae c1 and d4 similar in length, but shorter than seta c2; c1 inserted outside the opisthosomal plate; seta h3 slightly shorter than h2; setae e similar in length, located outside of the posterior border of the opisthosomal plate. Tarsus I, 21.8 (21.6–22.0); tibia I, 27.1 (26.8–27.4). Opisthosomal plate large, with 180 in length (172–188) Rear end of the opisthosoma not bilobed. Pygidial shield small (Figs 3 and 4) . In ventral view (Fig 4), gnathosoma similar to that of male. Ventral setae 3a and 3b arranged in a horizontal line, similar in shape and length. Large epigynum between epimerites II

Fig 3 Female of Allosathes anitae n. sp; dorsal view.

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and III, with one genital seta (g). All legs similar in length. Anal opening elongated, located in the terminal region of idiosoma; outer end of spermduct slightly longer than tarsus IV. Etymology. This species is dedicated to the prominent Mex-

ican acarologist, Dra. Anita Hoffmann (r.i.p.). Comments. The male of A. anitae n. sp. is most similar to the male of A. anepiandrius, but it differs because of the propodosomal plate is narrow and has a straight edge posterior to scapular setae, with dorsal seta h3 shorter than h2, length of h3 equal to 94.5; setae f2 and ps1 thicker than other setae; ornamentation of the hysteronotal shield not shaped as faint hexagons; seta c1 within the hysteronotal shield, close to the anterior edge; with small genital opening between anterior end of apodemes IV and seta 4a inserted outside epimeral plate IV. In addition, the female of A. anitae n. sp. also differs from the female of A. anepiandrius because of the outer end of the sperm duct is slightly larger than tarsus IV and seta c1 is inserted slightly outside the opisthosomal plate. Legs chaetotaxy of the male and female of A. anitae n. sp. as in A. anepiandrius.

Fig 4 Female of Allosathes anitae n. sp.; ventral view.

Author's personal copy 394 Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Tila María Pérez, Universidad Nacional de Mexico, for the loan of the paratype of A. anepiandrius studied and for her observations in the diagnosis of this new species. This work was supported by the Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Concepción Project DIUC no 210.113.078-1.0, Chile. We also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for useful comments that helped improved the manuscript.

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Casanueva & González-Acuña González-Acuña D, Venzal J, Skewes OR, Rubilar-Contreras L, Daugschies A, Guglielmone A (2004) First record of immature stages of Amblyomma tigrinum (Acari: Ixodidae) on wild birds in Chile. Exp Appl Acarol 33:153–156 González-Acuña D, Riquelme PS, Cruzatt JM, López PS, Skewes OR, Figueroa RR (2006) Diet of the Chilean tinamou (NothoNothoprocta perdicaria) in South Central Chile. Ornitología Neotropical 17:467–472 Griffiths DA, Atyeo WT, Norton RA, Lynch CA (1990) The idiosomal chaetotaxy of astigmatid mites. J Zool London 220:1–32 Jaramillo A (2004) Aves de Chile. Lynx Ediciones, Barcelona, p 240 Krantz GW (1978) A manual of Acarology, 2nd edn. Oregon State University, Corvalis, p 509 Mironov SV, Fain A (2003) New feather mites of the family Ascouracaridae (Astigmata: Pterolichoidea) from parrots and nightjras. Acarologia 43:97–110 Olsen W (1970) Aploparaksis tinamoui n. sp. Cestode (Hymenolepididae) from the Chilean tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria Kittlitz 1830, Tinamiformes). Rev Iber Parasitol 30:701–718 Rottmann J (1968) Biología de la perdiz chilena (Nothoprocta perdicaria). Memoria de Título Médico Veterinario. Thesis Universidad de Chile. Fac Cienc Pecu Med Vet. Santiago, Chile, pp 69 Rubilar L, Bertossi E, Skewes O (1996) Parasitismo gastrointestinal en la perdiz común (Nothoprocta perdicaria) en la zona de Ñuble, Chile. Bol Chil Parasitol 51:35–37