Name: Date:

Guided Reading Notes: Newton’s Laws

Period:

Start on page 46, §4.4 “Newton’s Law of Inertia” and answer the following questions as you read: 1. Define Newton’s First law, usually called the Law of Inertia:

2. Isaac Newton’s First Law of Motion basically states that: “things tend to .” 3. Objects in a state of rest tend to change that state.

. Only a

will

4. Refer to Figure 4.4, describe how this “trick” works using Newton’s First Law:

5. Now consider an object in motion. We see that in the absence of object tends to move in a indefinitely. 6. Objects in a state of motion tend to will change that state.

a moving . Only a

7. Newton’s First Law of Motion can be summarized by saying: “Things at and things tend to continue

tend to stay at .”

8. What game could we use to get close to an “absence of friction”? Continue to page 48, §4.5 “Mass – A Measure of Inertia” and answer the following questions as you read: 9. The more an object has, the greater its inertia and the more takes to change its state of . 10. Mass is a measure of the

of an object.

11. Mass is often confused with measured in units like other hand is .

. Volume is a measure of , and

12. Mass is a measure of the on the

and kinds of

it

and is . Mass, on the and is measured in

in an object and depends only that compose it.

13. Weight on the other hand is a measure of the object.

acting on the

14. The amount of material in a particular stone is the same whether the stone is located on , on the , or in . 15. The stones ____________, or mass, is solely a property of the stone and not its

16. Does your mass change when you go from the Earth to the Moon? How about your weight? EXPLAIN.

17. Objects with a

mass have weight.

18. Mass and weight are other.

weight; objects with

mass have

to each other, but they are not ______________ to each

19. Remember that mass has to do with the has to do with how strongly that matter is

in the object, while weight .

20. Weight is a force, and the SI unit of force is the

(named after who?).

21. Weight = or W = __ __

x but we like to use Fg instead of W!

22. Find out what your mass is! Follow the steps below: Your approximate weight in pounds:

lbs

Divide that number by 2.2 to get your amount of mass:

kg

Multiply your mass in kilograms by gravity (use 9.8 m/s2) to get your weight in Newtons: kg x 9.8 m/s2 =

N your weight!

23. Using what you learned above, fill in the table below: Object

Mass (kg)

Apple Physics book Bag of Sugar

0.5 kg 1.5 kg 2.2 kg

Weight (N)

Start on page 51, §4.6 “Net Force” and answer the following questions as you read: 1. What do we add to “In the absence of force, objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion continue in motion” to be more specific? 2. If forces cancel each other out then there is no

.

3. Define net force:

4. Refer to Figure 4.10. Each example uses the same two forces. How is it that the same two forces can produce different net forces?

5. Draw the two forces on this weight that would create a net force of 5 N to the left.

Continue to page 51, §4.7 “Equilibrium – When Net Force Equals Zero” and answer the following questions as you read: 6. What forces act on your book while it sits motionless on a table?

7. How do you know there is more than just gravity acting on your book? 8. The “support force” is really called the to the surface.

force and acts at

9. Define Equilibrium:

10. Why does the table push back up on the book?

11. What would an ant caught between the book and the table feel?

12. Refer to Figure 4.12, if the little girl weighs 200 N, what is the force in each string? 13. Refer to Figure 4.13, in both causes the total force puling total force pulling .

is equal but opposite to the

14. In both cases in Figure 4.13, the apples are in

.

Continue to page 59, §5.1 “Force causes acceleration” and answer the following questions as you read: 15. A hockey puck is on the ice until the it then it continues in uniform motion until another 16. Acceleration depends on

from a hockey stick acts on it. .

17. To increase the acceleration on an object, you must increase the

acting on it.

Continue to page 60, §5.2 “Mass resists acceleration” and answer the following questions as you read: 18. Refer to Figure 5.3, write the caption below:

19. Acceleration depends on the

being pushed.

20. The same force applied to twice as much mass results in only

the acceleration.

21. For a given force, the acceleration produced is mass.

to the

22. What does inversely mean?

Continue to page 60, §5.3 “Newton’s Second Law” and answer the following questions as you read: 23. Who was the first to realize that the acceleration produced when we move something depends not only on we push or pull but also on the . 24. Define Newton’s Second Law:

25. Write Newton’s Second Law in equation form (the exact equation in the briefest form):

26. If the net force is doubled, for the same mass the acceleration will

.

27. If the net force is doubled, and the mass is doubled, the acceleration will be . Start on page 74, §6.1 “Forces & Interactions” and answer the following questions as you read: 1. In the simplest sense, a force is a

or a

2. However, Newton realized that a force is not a an , between one thing and another.

. in itself but part of a mutual action,

3. Refer to Figure 6.1 and write the caption below: Continue to page 75, §6.2 “Newton’s Third Law” and answer the following questions as you read: 4. Newton’s Third Law states:

5. The action and reaction forces are direction. 6. Forces always appear in 7. When you walk, you against you. 8. When you swim, you you .

in strength and

in

. against the floor and the floor simultaneously the water

9. Refer to Figure 6.3 and answer the question in the caption below:

and the water

Continue to page 75, §6.3 “Identifying Action and Reaction” and answer the following questions as you read: 10. The action and reaction forces can then be stated in the form: Action: Object A exerts a force on object B. Reaction: 11. If the action force on a falling boulder is Earth’s gravitational force on the boulder, what is the reaction force?

12. Action and reaction forces act

.

13. For each picture below, identify the action and reaction forces:

Continue to page 77, §6.4 “Action and Reaction on Different Masses” and answer the following questions as you read: 14. The boulder pulls up on Earth with boulder.

force as the Earth pulls down on the

15. The pair of forces between the boulder and the Earth are the same, but the masses are . Because Earth has a mass, we don’t sense the small 16. What happens to the cannon after a cannonball is fired from it?

17. The acceleration of the cannonball and cannon are: Cannonball: F = Cannon: F = 18. A given force exerted on a small mass produces a force on a mass.

acceleration than the same

19. Referring to Figure 6.8, each molecule of exhaust gas acts like a tiny molecular shot from the balloon. 20. For a helicopter, the whirling blades are shaped to force air particles downward ( ) and the air forces the blades upward ( ). This upward reaction force is called 21. How do birds fly? Continue to page 78, §6.5 “Do Action and Reaction Forces cancel?” and answer the following questions as you read: 22. Draw the system or frame of reference around the orange:

23. The apple is applying that for to the

and the system

.

24. Explain why the force from the orange on the apple doesn’t cancel out the force from the apple on the orange with the system you’ve drawn:

25. If the action and reaction forces are produce acceleration of the system.

to the system, the cancel each other and

Read the comic on page 81 and explain how the cart is finally able to move: Continue to page 82, §6.7 “Action equals Reaction” and answer the following questions as you read: 26. Refer to Figure 6.14, what happened to hurt his hand?

27. Why couldn’t the heavy weight champion of the world strike the paper with 200 N (45 pounds) in mid air?

28. For every interaction between things, there is always a pair of forces that are .

directed