ABBREVIATIONS

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AACR

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules

AALS

Association of American Library Schools

AATA

Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts

ABLISS

Association of British Library and Information Science Schools

ACCOPI

Access Control and Copyright Protection for Images

ACE

Automatic Computing Engine

ACM

Association for Computing Machinery

ACPM

Australian Common Practice Manual

ACQNET -

Acquisitions Librarians Electronic Network

ACRL

Association of College and Research Libraries

ACURIL

Association of Caribbean University, Research and Institutional Libraries

ADI

American Documentation Institute

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop

AF2I

Association des Interme´diaires en Information

AFAS

French Association for Sound Archives

AFLI

A-rab Federation for Libraries and Information

AFNOR

Association Franc¸aise de Normalization

AGM

Annual General Meeting

AI

Artificial Intelligence

AIBA

Agricultural Information Bank for Asia

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AICCM

Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Materials

AID

Associative Interactive Dictionary

AIIP

Association of Independent Information Professionals

AIRS

Alliance of Information and Referral Systems, Inc.

ALA

American Library Association; Associate of the Library Association; Australian Library Association

ALIA

Australian Library and Information Association

ALISE

Association for Library and Information Science Education

ALP

Advancement of Librarianship in the Third World Programme (IFLA)

ALPAC

Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee

ALPSP

Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

API

American Petroleum Institute

APPM

Archives, Private Papers and Manuscripts (USA)

ARIST

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology

ARL

Association of Research Libraries

ARLIS/NA

Art Libraries Society of North America ARLIS/UK British and Irish Art Libraries Society& Ireland

ARMA

Association of Records Managers and Administrators; American Records Management Association

ARSC

Association for Recorded Sound Collections

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASI

American Society of Indexers

ASIS

Ameslan Society for Information Science

ASK

Anomalous State of Knowledge

ASLIB

Association for Information Management (previously the Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux); Association of Special Libraries

ASM

American Society for Metals

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

ATM

Asynchronous Transport Mode

AV

Audio Visual

BAILER

British Association for Information and Library Education and Research

BANSDOC

National Bangladesh Scientific Documentation Centre

BARC

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BBS

Bulletin Board System

BIDS

Bath Information and Data Services

BINT

Biuro Innostranoi Nauki i Tekhnologii [Bureau for Foreign Science and Technology]

BIRS

British Institute of Recorded Sound

BL

British Library

BLDSC

British Library Document Supply Centre

BLISS

British Library Information Science Service

BLR&DD

British Library Research and Development Department

BM

British Museum

BNB

British National Bibliography

BPP

Books Presentation Programme

BSI

British Standards Institution

BT

British Telecommunications plc

BTEC

Business and Technician Education Council

BUBL

Bulletin Board for Libraries

CAB

Citizens’ Advice Bureaux

CAD

Commission on Archival Development; Computer-Aided Design

CADIST

Centres d’Acquisitions et de Diffusion de l’Information Scientifique et Technique

CAL

Computer-Assisted Learning

CARICOM

Caribbean Community

CARISPLAN Caribbean Information System for Planners CAS

Chemical Abstracts Service; Current Alerting Services

CAS-IAS

Current Alerting Services – Individual Article Supply

CAT

Computer-Assisted Translation

CB

Citizens’ Band

CBS

Columbia Broadcasting System

CCT

Compulsory Competitive Tendering

CCTA

Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency

CCTV

Closed-Circuit Television

CD

Compact Disc

CDCR

Center for Documentation and Communication Research

CD-I

Compact Disc – Interactive

CD-R

Compact Disc – Recordable

CD-ROM

Compact Disc – Read-Only Memory

CEC

Commission of the European Communities

CEE

Central and Eastern Europe

CEIS

Caribbean Energy Information System

CEN/

CENELEC Joint European Standards Organization

CENID

National Centre for Information and Documentation (Chile)

CERN

European Centre for Nuclear Research

CESSDA

Committee of European Social Science Data Archives

CHI

Computer–Human Interaction

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency

CICI

Confederation of Information Communication Industries

CISTI

Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

CITED

Copyright in Transferred Electronic Data

CITRA

Confe´rence Internationale de Table Ronde des Archives [International Conference of the Round Table on Archives]

CIX

Commercial Internet Exchange

CLA

Children’s Libraries Association

CLAC

Centres de Lecture et d’Animation Culturelle en Milieu Rural

CLR

Council on Library Resources

CLSCP

Copyright Libraries Shared Cataloguing Programme

COM

Computer Output Microfilm

COMLA

Commonwealth Library Association

CONSAL

Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians

COPICAT

Copyright Ownership Protection in Computer-Assisted Twinning

CORMOSEA Committee on Deposit Material on Southeast Asia COSLA

Convention of Scottish Local Authorities

CPD

Continuing Professional Development

CPU

Central Processing Unit

CRLIS

Current Research in Library and Information Science

CRS

Computerized Reservation Systems

CSCW

Computer-Supported Co-operative Work

CSMA

Carrier Sense Multiple Access

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

CTI

Computers in Teaching Initiative

CURL

Consortium of University Research Libraries

DAT

Digital Audio Tape

DBA

Documentation, Library and Archives Department of UNESCO

DBMS

Database Management Systems

DBS

Direct Broadcasting by Satellite

DCC

Digital Compact Cassette

DCE

Data Circuit-terminating Equipment

DDC

Dewey Decimal Classification

DES

Data Encryption Standard

DIN

Deutsches Institute for Normung

DIP

Document Image Processing

DOS

Department of State; Disk Operating System

DRTC

Documentation Research and Training Centre

DSE

Deutsche Stiftung for international Entwicklung

DSP

Digital Signal Processor

DSS

Decision Support Systems

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DTI

Department of Trade and Industry

DTP

Desktop Publishing

EAGLE

European Association for Grey Literature Exploitation

EBLIDA

European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations

ECHO

European Commission Host Organization

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

EIIA

European Information Industry Association

EIRENE

European Information Researchers Network

ELBS

Educational Low-priced Books Scheme

EPIDOS

European Patent Information and Documentation Systems

EPLA

East Pakistan Library Association

EPO

European Patent Office

EROMM

European Register of Microform Masters

ES

Expert Systems

ESAIRS

European Space Agency Information Retrieval Service

ESPRIT

European Strategic Programme for Research in Information Technologies

ESRC

Economic and Social Research Council

ESTC

Eighteenth-century Short-Title Catalogue

ESTC-NA

Eighteenth-century Short-Title Catalogue North America

ETC

Enhanced Through put Cellular

ETS

European Telecommunications Standards

EU

European Union

EUCLID

European Conference of Library and Information Departments

EUSIDIC

European Association of Information Services

FAIS

Foreign Affairs Information System

FBI

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FDDI

Fibre Distributed Data Interface

FIAC

Federation of Independent Advice Centres

FID

Fe´de´ration Internationale d’Information et de Documentation/International Federation for Information and Documentation

FIDA

International Archival Development Fund

FID/CAF

FID Regional Commission for Western, Eastern and Southern Africa

FID/CAO

FID Regional Commission for Asia and Oceania

FID/CLA

FID Regional Commission for Latin America

FID/CNA

FID Regional Commission for the Caribbean and North America

FID/NANE

FID Regional Commission for Northern Africa and the Near East

FID/ROE

FID Regional Commission for Europe

FLA

Fellow of the Library Association

FOI

Freedom of Information

FOIA

Freedom of Information Act

FSU

Former Soviet Union

FT

Financial Times

FTE

Full-Time Equivalent

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

G7

Group of Seven

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Gb

Gigabyte

GCI

Getty Conservation Institute

GCS

Global Cataloguing Service

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GDSS

Group Decision Support Systems

GILS

Government Information Locator Service

GIS

Geographic Information System

GUI

Graphical User Interface

GUIDE

Graphical User Interface Design and Evaluation

HCI

Human–Computer Interaction

HDTV

High Definition Television

HEA

Higher Education Act

HF

Human Factors

HMSO

Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

HSE

Health and Safety Executive

HTML

Hyper-Text Mark-up Language

IR

Information and Referral

IAMIC

International Association of Music Information Centres

IAML

International Association of Music Libraries

IARIL

International Association of Rural and Isolated Libraries

IAS

Individual Article Supply

IASA

International Association of Sound Archives

IASSIST

International Association for Social Science Information Service and

Technology IATUL

International Association of Technological University Libraries

IBBY

International Board on Books for Young People

IBI

Intergovernmental Bureau of Information

IBICT

Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology

ICA

International Communications Association; International Council on Archives

ICSU

International Council of Scientific Unions

ID

Identification

IDA

Integrated Digital Access

IDRC

International Development Research Centre

IEC

International Electro technical Commission

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

IFDO

International Federation of Data Organizations

IFLA

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

IHAC

Information Highway Advisory Council

IIB

International Institute of Bibliography; Institute International de Bibliographie (now FID)

IIC

International Institute for the Conservation of Art and Historic Arte facts

IIC-GC

International Institute for Conservation – Canadian Group

IIR

Intelligent Information Retrieval

IIS

Institute of Information Scientists

IK

Indigenous Knowledge

ILA

Indian Library Association

ILL

Interlibrary Loan/Lending

IM

Information Management

INIST

Institut de l’Information Scientifique et Technique

INPADOC

International Patent Documentation Service

INSDOC

Indian National Scientific DocumentationCentre

IPA

International Publishers Association

IPC

Institute for Paper Conservation

IR

Information Retrieval

IRC

Internet Relay Chat

IRM

Information Resource(s) Management

IS

Information Superhighway

ISAD(G)

General International Standard Archival Description

ISBD

International Standard Bibliographic Description

ISBN

International Standard Book Number

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISDS-SEA

International Serials Data System – Southeast Asia

ISI

Institute for Scientific Information

ISMN

International Standard Music Number

ISO

International Standards Organization

ISRN

International Standard Recording Number

ISSN

International Standard Serial Number

IT

Information Technology

ITC

International Translations Centre

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

JANET

Joint Academic Network

JASIST

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

JELIS

Journal of Education for Library and Information Science

JLA

Japan Library Association

JPRS

Joint Publications Research Service

JSC

Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR

Kb

Kilobyte

KBMT

Knowledge-Based Machine Translation

KGB

Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti [State Security Committee]

KLA

Korean Library Association

KWAC

Key Word and Context

KWIC

Key Word in Context

KWOC

Key Word out of Context

LA

Library Association

LAB

Library Association of Bangladesh

LAC

Library Association of China

LAN

Local-Area Network

LAP-B

Link Access Procedure – Balanced Protocol

LAPL

Library Association Publishing Limited

LASER

London and Southeast Regional Library Bureau

LAUK

Library Association of the United Kingdom; now the Library Association

LC

Library of Congress

LCC

Library of Congress Classification

LCCDG

Library Collections Conservation Discussion Group

LCMARC

Library of Congress Machine-Readable Cataloging

LCSH

Library of Congress Subject Headings

LED

Light-Emitting Diode

LINC

Library and Information Co-operation Council

LIP

Library and Information Plan

LIS

Library and Information Science/Service(s)/Studies/Sector

LISA

Library and Information Science Abstracts

LISC

Library and Information Services Council

LML

Liaquat Memorial Library

LOEX

Library Orientation Instruction Exchange

LP

Long-Playing Record

LSCA

Library Services and Construction Grant

MA

Master of Arts; Museums Association

MAD2

Manual of Archival Description, 2nd edn (UK)

MADAM

Manchester Automatic Digital Machine

MALA

Madras Library Association

MALMARC Malaysian MARC MAN

Metropolitan-Area Network

MARC

Machine-Readable Cataloguing

MAT

Machine-Aided Translation

Mb

Megabyte

MDA

Museums Documentation Association

MeSH

Medical Subject Headings

MHz

Megahertz

MIDI

Musical Instrument Device Interface

MIInfSci

Member, Institute of Information Scientists

MIMOS

Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems

MIP

Modern Information Professional

MIS

Management Information Systems

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MLA

Medical Library Association

MLS

Master of Library Science/Studies

MMI Man

Machine Interaction

MMS Man

Machine Systems

MPC

Multimedia Personal Computers

MPhil

Master of Philosophy

MPM

Multimedia Presentation Manager

MS-DOS

Microsoft Disk Operating System

MSS

Management Support System

MT

Machine Translation

MUSE

Music Search

MWSS

Microsoft Windows Sound System

NACAB

National Association of Citizens’ Advice Bureaux

NACSIS

National Centre for Scientific Information Systems

NAG

National Acquisitions Group

NARA

National Archives and Records Administration

NASA

National Aeronautical and Space Administration

NATIS

National Information System

NBC

National Broadcasting Corporation

NBLC

Nederlands Bibliotheek en Lektuur Centrum [Dutch Centre for Public Library Literature]

NBS

National Bibliographic Service

NCIP

North American Collection Inventory Project

NCL

National Central Library

NDLP

Netherlands Library Development Project

NEPHIS

Nested Phrase Indexing System

NGO

Non-Governmental Organization

NHS

National Health Service

NIDOC

National Information and Documentation Centre

NII

National Information Infrastructure

NISO

National Information Standards Organization

NLB

National Library for the Blind; National Library of Bangladesh

NLG

National Libraries Group

NLLST

National Lending Library for Science and Technology

NLM

National Library of Medicine

NLSFBPH

National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped

NNLM

National Network for Libraries in Medicine

NORDBOK Nordic Literature and Library Committee NORDINFO Nordic Committee on Scientific Information and Documentation NOSP

Nordic Union Catalogue of Scientific Periodicals

NREN

National Research and Education Network

NSA

National Sound Archive

NSDD

National Security Decision Directive

NSF

National Science Foundation

NSTP

New Straits Times Publications

NTA

National Telecommunications Agency

NTE

Network Terminating Equipment

NTIA

National Telecommunications and Information Administration

NTIS

National Technical Information Service

NUC

National Union Catalog

NUCMC

National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections

NVQ

National Vocational Qualification

NWICO

New World Information and Communication Order

OCLC

Ohio College Library Center; Online Computer Library Center

OCR

Optical Character Recognition

ODA

Open Document Architecture

OECD

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

OED

Oxford English Dictionary

OLE

Object Linking and Embedding

OMB

One-Man Band

OMG

Object Management Group

OOS

Occupational Overuse Syndrome

OPACS

Online Public-Access Catalogues

OPL

One-Person Libraries

OSB

Order of St Benedict

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection

OSS

Office of Strategic Studies/Open Sources Software

PAC

Preservation and Conservation Core Programme (IFLA)

PAD

Packet Assembly/Disassembly Device

PANSDOC

Pakistan National Scientific and Technical Documentation Centre

PARC

Palo Alto Research Center

PASTIC

Pakistan Scientific and Technical Information Centre

PBWG

Pakistan Bibliographical Working Group

PC

Personal Computer

PGI

Programme General de l’Information/General Information Programme

PGP

Pretty Good Privacy

PhD

Doctor of Philosophy

PIIC

Public Interest Immunity Certificate

PIN

Personal Identification Number

PINFET

PIN Field Effect Transistors

PLA

Pakistan Library Association

PLR

Public Lending Right

PNB

Pakistan National Bibliography

PPRG

Publicity and Public Relations Group

PRECIS

Preserved Context Indexing System

PRO

Public Records Office

PSS

Packet Switching System

PSTN

Packet-Switched Telephone Network

PTT

Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones

PULINET

Provincial University Library Network

QA

Quality Assurance

R&D

Research and Development

RAD

Rules for Archival Description (Canada)

RAM

Random-Access Memory

RAMP

Records and Archives Management Programme (UNESCO)

RATER

Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy and Responsiveness

RBU

Re´pertoire Bibliographique Universel

RCRC

Rural Community Resource Centre

RENBU

National Network of University Libraries (Argentina)

RGA

Readers’ Guide Abstracts

RIdIM

Re´pertoire Internationale d’Iconographie Musicale

RILM

Re´pertoire Internationale de Litte´rature Musicale

RIPM

Re´pertoire Internationale de la Presse Musicale

RISM

Re´pertoire Internationale des Sources Musicales

RLG

Research Libraries Group

RLIN

Research Libraries Network

RLS

Regional Library System

RMS

Records Management Society

RNIB

Royal National Institute for the Blind

Rpm

Revolutions Per Minute

RSI

Repetitive Strain Injury

SAA

Systems Applications Architecture

SARBICA

Southeast Asian Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives

SCECSAL

Standing Conference of East, Central and Southern African Librarians

SCONUL

Standing Conference of National and University Libraries

SDI

Selective Dissemination of Information

SGML

Standard Generalized Mark-up Language

SIG

Special Interest Group

SIGLE

System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe

SILAS

Singapore Library Automation System

SINASBI

National System of Library Information

SISA

School of Information Studies for Africa

SL

Source Language

SLB

Section of Libraries for the Blind

SMEs

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

SNA

Systems Network Architecture

SNB

Singapore National Bibliography

SPSS

Statistical Package for Social Science

SQL

Structured Query Language

STM

Scientific, Technical and Medical (book publishing)

STS

Science, Technology and Society

STUDIO

Structured User Interface Design for Interaction Optimization

STV

Share the Vision

SWIFT

Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Communications

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDF

Transporter Data Flow

TFPL

Task Force Pro Libra

TL

Target Language

TLTP

Teaching and Learning Technology Programme

TNAUK

Talking Newspaper Association of the United Kingdom

TQM

Total Quality Management

TREC

Text Retrieval Evaluation Conference

TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TV

Television

UAI

Universal Availability of Information

UAP

Universal Availability of Publications Programme (IFLA)

UBC

Universal Bibliographic Control

UBCIM

Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC

UCL

University College London

UDC

Universal Decimal Classification; Universal Dataflow and Communications

UE

User Education

UGC

University Grants Commission

UIA

Union of International Associations

UIMS

User Interface Management System

UK

United Kingdom

UKMARC

United Kingdom Machine-Readable Cataloguing

UMIST

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNIMARC

Universal Machine-Readable Cataloguing

UNISIST

United Nations Information System in Science and Technology

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

USA

United States of America

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

UWI

University of the West Indies

VAN

Value-Added Network

VAT

Value-Added Tax (EU countries)

VDT

Visual Display Terminal

VDU

Visual Display Unit

VINITTI

All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

VMS

Voice Mail Systems

VOD

Video On Demand

VR

Virtual Reality

VRAM

Video Random Access Memory

WAIS

Wide-Area Information Server

WAN

Wide-Area Network

WARC

World Administrative Radio Conference

WHO

World Health Organization

WIMPS

Windows, Icons, Mouse, Pull-down menus

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WORM

Write Once Read Many

WTI

World Translations Index

WWW

World Wide Web

WYSIWYG

What You See Is What You Get

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